Gc 977.3 H622 1356426 GENEALOGY COLLECT ON ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC L|BRARY 3 1833 00839 1895 HISTOET Gallatlp/galln e, Hamlltofl, FranMln M Williamson Counties, ILLINOIS. From the Earliest Time to the Present; together with Suni^ry and Interesting Biographical Sketches, Notes, EE3IINISCENCES, EtC, EtC. ILLXJSTIE^J^TEID. Chicago : THE GOODSPEED PUBLISHING CO. 1887. 1356126 PREFACE. OUE history of Gallatin, Saline, Hamilton, Franklin and Will- iamson Counties, after months of persistent, conscientious labor, is now completed. Every important field of research has been minutely scanned by those engaged in its preparation, and no subject of universal public value has been omitted save when pro- tracted effort failed to secure trustworthy results. The impossi- bility of ingrafting upon the pages of this volume the vast fund of the counties' historic information, and the proper omission of many valueless details have compelled the publishers to select such matter as are deemed of the greatest importance. Fully aware of our inability to furnish a perfect history from meagre public documents, inaccurate private correspondences, and num- berless conflicting traditions. We make no pretention of having prepared a work devoid of blemish. Through the courtesy and generous assistance met with everywhere, we have been enabled to rescue from oblivion the greater portion of important events that have transpired in past years. We feel assured that all thoughtful people in the counties, at present and in the future, will recognize and appreciate the importance of the undertaking and the great public benefit that has been accomplished. It will be observed that a dry statement of fact has been avoided, and that the rich romance of border incident has been woven with statistical details, thus forming an attractive and graphic narrative, and lending beauty to the mechanical execu- tion of the volume and additional value to it as a work for perusal. We claim superior excellence in the systematic manner of col- lecting material by workers in specialties, in the subdivision into topics, and in the ample and comprehensive index. We also, with pride, call the attention of the public to the superb mechani- cal execution of the volume. While we acknowledge the existence of unavoidable errors, we have prepared a work fully up to the standard of our promises, and as accurate and comprehensive as could be expected under the circumstances. THE PUBLISHEKS. July, 1887. CONTENTS. GALLATIN COUKTY. PAGE. Gallatin County 13 Agricultural Association, The 51 Ancient Salt Works 17 Banks, Early and Other 98 Bench and Bar 52 Boundary Lines 42 Bowlesville 124 Business Men, The Present 110 Circuit Court, The 67 Church History 126 Congressional r>istricts 44 Constitutional Convention. Members of 46 County yeat, Location of 63 County Officers, IJst of 43 Court, County Coiumissinners' 61 "Egypt," Gen. Grant's Hui-se 91 Eighteenth Regiment, Tlie 82 Election Returns 48 Equality 122 Geology 14 Incorporation of Shawneetown 106 Indian Mounds 19 Indian Troubles 2.3 Jail, Building of the 55 Land Office, The Ill Land Entries 25 Leases of the Salt Works 20 Levees, Construction of the 103 Madison, Gallatin and Johnson 40 Mayor and Other Officers 109 Military History 78 Michael Jones' Ride 47 Murder Cases 36 Murder Trials, The First 69 Newspapers 113 Omaha 119 Railroad History 50 Regulators and Vigilants 33 Ridgway 117 Roads and Ferries 57 Salt Lands 21 Saline Coal and Manufacturing Co 125 School History 139 Secret Societies 112 Settlement, Early 22 Shawneetown 92 Shawneetown Schools 146 Sixth Cavalry Regiment, The 87 Slaves and Indentured Servants 31 Soil and Natural Productions 16 St. Clair and Randolph Counties 39 Tavern Rates 55 Topography 13 Towns and Villages 114 Twenty-ninth Infantry, The 84 Wild Animals and Reptiles 38 SALINE COUNTY. Saline County 149 Agricultural B(jard 202 Bolton 218 Church History 224 Circuit Court 188 PAGE. Contraband Negroes no County Court, The 183 Cumberland Presbyterian Church, The 230 Davis, Cressa K 199 Eldorado Election Returns I84 F\arming, Primitive Methods of 157 Galatia 2I6 Geological Features 150 Gregg, James M 199 Hamburg 224 Harrisburg 203 Harrisburg, Incorporation of 213 Harrisburg, Industries of 206 Institute, Teachers 238 Knights of the Golden Circle 173 Laud Entries 152 Lawyers, The Present 200 Location and Boundary 149 Logan, John A 167 Methodist Churches, The 228 Military History 181 Morrillsville 223 Necessities, Present 240 Newspapers 208 Officers, etc.. List of 160 Organization of the County 158 Presbyterian Church, The Hamburg 229 Railroad History 200 Raum, Green C 198 Regiment, The Thirty-first 175 Regiment, The Fifty-sixth 178 Rileyville 223 School History 233 School Reports 235 Secret Societies 208 Social Brethren, The 231 Soil and Natural Productions 151 Sione Fort 217 Texas Station 222 Trials, Important 196 West End 224 HAMILTON COUNTY. Hamilton County 241 Agricultural Board 311 Banks 298 Bar, The Present 288 Belle City 311 Black Hawk War 263 Broughton 310 Business, The Present 294 Church History 322 Circuit Court 283 Company A, Fourteenth Regiment 268 Company C, Fifty-sixth Regiment 269 Company G, Fifty-sixth Regiment 269 Company A, Eighty-seventh Regiment 270 Company E, Eighty-seventh Regiment 271 Company K, One Hundred and Tenth Regiment 272 Company I, One Hundred and Thirty- first hegimeut 272 Company I), Sixth Cavalry 272 CONTENTS. PAGE. Company H, Sixth Cavalry 273 Company K, Sixth Cavalry 274 Constitutional Convention 260 Crimes, Some Remarkable 289 County Buildings, The First 277 Countv Commissioners' Court 275 County Officers 259 Crops and Conditions, Early 256 Crouch Township 249 Dahlgren 3(i7 Deeds, The First 255 Early Settlers 244 Election Returns 262 Farmer's Mutual 312 Geology 242 Hamilton College 319 Hotel Rates 278 Hoodville 311 Incorporation of McLeansboro 301 Indian and Other Stories 250 Institute Fund 321 Land Entries, The First 252 Legislature, Members of the 261 Local Names 243 Logansport 309 Macedonia 310 McLeansboro 292 McElvain, John 287 Mexican War 263 Militarv History 262 Mills..." 295 Organization of the County 285 Pioneer Times 251 Piopolis 310 Press, The 299 Quota, War 264 Raines, Henson G 274 Regiment, Fortieth 264 Schools 313 Secret Societies 296 Settlement 243 Soil 212 Teacher's Institute 320 Thackeray 309 Topography 241 Townshend, James H 288 Township Organization 282 FRANKLIN COUNTY. Franklin County 335 Agriculture, Commerce, etc 355 Amusing Case, An 390 "A Particular Spot" 363 Assessment 1851 371 Assessment 1886 372 Bar, The Present 397 Bench and Bar 390 Benton 405 Black Hawk War 394 Board of Agriculture 356 Business, The Present 410 Cemetery, The Old 407 Church History 422 Circuit Court 383 CircuifCourt Clerks 368 Civil War, Records in 396 Coroners, List of 370 Commissioners Appointed 362 County Commissioners' Court 374 County Courts Established 377 County, Division of the 359 County Court Clerks 368 Court House, The Present 367 County Judges, List of 381 Court, County Commissioners 361 Crawford, JI. <' 393 Customs, Early 343 Decade of t!ie sixties 409 Denning, William A 391 PAGE. Duff, Andrew D 392 Early Settlers 338 Elders, List of Presiding 426 Ewing 413 Frankfort 412 Geological Characteristics 336 Important Trials 385 Indian Tribes and Wild Animals 337 Judges Circuit Court 369 Land Entries 351 Logan, John A 392 MeCreary, Alexander 349 Members of Commissioners' Court 375 Mexican War 395 Milling, Hunting, etc 344 Nelson Richard 391 New Mulkeytown 413 Old Settlers' Reunion 349 Organization of the County 358 Parrish, William K 392 Parrish, Town of 414 "Poor Farm," The 367 Population 374 Productions 357 Press, The 410 Public Buildings 365 Public School Funds 418 Railroads, Land to 354 Railroad Bonds 373 Records, Destruction of Public 366 Records of Circuit Court 384 Remarkable Case 388 Representatives 370 Sale of Town Lots 364 Scates, Walter B 390 Schools 415 Sheriffs 369 Slavery 348 Soil and Natural Products 336 Societies, Secret 411 State Attorneys 369 Supervisors, Board of 382 Surveyors 37u Taxation and Finance 370 Thompsonville 414 Township Organization 382 Treasurers, List of. 369 War Record, Summary 404 Wolf Scalps— " Legal Tender" 371 Williams, Judge 420 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. Williamson County 431 Agriculture, Live Stock, etc 445 Agricultural Society 448 Allen, Willis 467 Allen. V/. J 468 "Articles of Faith" 516 Assessment for 1880 400 Attorneys, State 458 Baiiibridge 509 Bar, Present Members of the 470 Bench. Bar and Noted Characters 467 Black Hawk War 487 Bonds, Railroads, etc 460 Business Men, The Present 502 Carlenville 507 Christian Church, The 521 Church History 515 Circuit Court Clerks -158 Civil War, Number of Men in nOO Company K, Eighteenth Inl't, I.'i'l-i )'J3 Company E.Twenty-uiuth In!t l;.^t ... iii;; Company C, Thirty-fir^t Iiilt. lum ;',i::! Company E, Thirty-first Inlt. Rei,'t 41)4 Company F, Thirtv-tirst Inft. Regt 494 Company G, Thirty-tirst Inft. Regt 494 Company H, Thirty-first Inft. Regt 494 Company E, Fifty-sixth Inft. Regt 494 CONTENTS. PAGE. Company I, Fifty-sixth Inft. Regt 494 Company K, Sixtieth Inft. Regt 494 Companv B, Eighty-tirsl Inft. Regt 494 Company G, Eighty-first Inft. Regt 495 Company H, Eighty-first Inft. Regt 495 County Commissioner's Court 466 County Seat, The 453 County Court 451 County Court Clerks 457 Corder, Anderson P 469 Cunningham, John M 470 Early Settlers 436 Equipping Soldiers for the South 490 CTeologicaT Formations 432 Guards, The Marion 499 Incorporation of Marion 507 Indebtedness of County 464 Indian Occupants 434 Ingersoll, Robt. G 470 Judges, Circuit Court 458 Land Entries -WO Location, Boundary and Topography.... 431 Logan, John A 491 Lots, Who Purchased 454 Lowden, John T 470 Marion •• 501 Methodist Episcopal Church 519 Mexican War 487 Mining Operations 449 Noted Crimes and Criminals 471 Organization 450 Pioneer Customs 443 Pleading Guilty 485 Population by Decades 465 Press, The 506 Presbvterian Church, The .- 522 Products of the Farm 447 Public Buildings 455 Public Lands 444 Railroad Lands 445 Rebels, Two Illinois 493 Reward, Offered 480 PAGE. Record, Eighty-first Inft. Kegt 495 Record, One Hundred and Ninth Inft. Regt 497 Record, One Hundred and Twenty- Eighth Inft. Regt 498 Schools 510 Secession, Resolution Favoring 489 Sherifis 458 Societies, Secret 603 Soil and Productions 433 Taxation and Finance 459 Vendetta, The Bloody 478 Vendetta, First Murder in the 480 HISTORICAL INDEX. Fran'Klin County 335 Gallatin County 13 Hamilton County 241 Saline County 149 Williamson County 431 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX. Franklin County 757 Gallatin 525 Hamilton 671 Saline 591 Williamson 845 MAPS, PORTRAITS, ETC. Campbell, J. R 681-682 Carter, Laban 865-866 Chickamauga, Battle of 511-512 Franklin, Battle of 461-462 Fort Donelson, Battle of 29- 30 Murfreesboro, Battle of 379-380 Nashville, Battle of 211-212 Ridgway, Thos. S 572-573 Shiloh, Battle of 79- 80 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX. GALLATIN COUNTY. PAGE. Barger, George D 525 Barger, J. B 525 Barnett, Joseph 52G Bishop, James M 527 Boyd.W. J 527 Boyd, John R ?28 Burroughs, T. W. M 529 Caldwell, A. G 530 Combs, G. W 531 Colvard, E. C 531 Cook, Silas 532 Crawford, John A 533 Davenport, A. F 534 Davis, Rev. R. M 534 Drone, Joseph 536 Dupler, Chas. E 537 Duval, Notley 5,37 Earnshaw, Henry 538 Eddy, Lieut. J. M 538 Edwards, Conrad 539 Fillingin, Judge Ajax ')40 Gates, J. B 541 Gatewood, W. J 541 Gill, Richard ,542 Gross, Anthony 542 Harrington, H 543 Hargrave, Willis B 544 Harsha, W. C. and B. R .544 Hemphill, James H 545 Hill, Henry 5^6 Jones, Dr. M. S 516 Kanady, Moses 547 Kanady, Lieut. Wash 548 Karcher, Victor 549 Kinsall, D. M 55O Kinsall, Benjamin 551 Kinsall, William M 552 Lamb, R. A 532 Lemen, Prof. C. J 55,3 Logsdon, J. J 554 Logsdon, J. E 555 Loomis, William H 555 McBane, Judge Angus M. L 556 Mills, Edgar 557 Millspaugh, R. L 558 PAGE. Millspaugh, James W 559 McGehee, F. M 560 McGehee, W. S; 560 McGehee, C. W .561. Jlcllrath, Dr. ,L T 562 McLain, Franklin 562 Mossman, F 563 Moore, John S 564 Moxley, Wm. T 565 McMurchy, Peter 565 Nolen, J. F 566 Peeples, I. McKee 567 Peeples, W. A 567 Phillips, W. S 568 Pool, M. M 568 Potter, Geo. H 56» Rensmann, J. A 570 Rich, Geo. W 571 Richeson, John D 571 RiJgway, Hon. Thos. S 572 Roedell, Hon. Carl 574 Sellers, F. H 575 Speer, J. E 576 Stiles, Capt. W. H 577 Strickland, H. C 578 Townshend, R. W 579 Tromly, L. F 583 Vineyard, Geo. J 584 Wathen, John T 585 Wilson, Aaron 586 White, Ellen B 586 Wiseheart, Samuel 587 Wiseheart, R. J 587 Youngblood, Hon. E. D 588 Zinn, Christian 589 SALINE COUNTY. Abney, Jesse 691 Baker, John M 691 Baker, Louis 593 Baker, John 693 Baker, William C .594 Baker, Dr. Joseph R 595 Berry, John B 595 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX. PAGE. Berry, John M 59(5 Blackman, Rev. W. S 596 Blackman, Bennett L 599 Bourland, W. W 599 Bramlett, Eeuben GOO Burnett, W. K 601 Butler, Joseph M 602 Butler, J. J ; g03 Cain, Oapt. T. J 603 Cheaney, Dr. S. L 604 Chenault, J. P 605 Clark, A. S 606 Clary, William D 607 Clayton, G. W 607 Curtner, John 608 Davi.s, Robert H 609 Durham, B. A 610 Purham, A. VV Oil Dwyer, E. F 612 Empson, G. J 613 Empson, M. D 614 Evans, W. H 615 Ezell, W. D .".' 616 Fox, M. M 616 Furlong, W.P 617 Gasaway, F. F 618 Gold, Josiah 619 Grace, J. H 620 Gregg, Wm.M 620 Gore, James 621 Hall, W. H 622 Heinmann, Otto 623 Hodsdon, Prof. N. B 623 Hudson, D. N. S 624 Jobe, Prof. James E 625 Jones, John J 62G Jones, Thos. A 627 Karnes, A 628 Karnes, J. G 629 Kelly, Rev. M. B 630 Kittinger, William M 631 Lewis, J. S 632 Limerick, George 633 Lockwood, John M 034 Lusk.T. AV 634 Mace, (;. R 635 Macklin, James . 636 Mcllrath, R.J 637 Marsh, R S 637 Matthews, J. C 638 Mick, Robert 639 Mitchell, Dr. J. W 640 Koleu, L. D 642 Otey, Col. Clinton 643 Pankey, W. H 644 Porter, J. G 645 Phillips, Hon. Boen 646 Pickett, Francis M 647 Rawlings, Dr. (i. B 648 Renfro, Dr. J. W 650 PAGE. Reynolds, Thos. Y 651 Rose, J. W 6.52 Rose, Dr. J. H 653 Russell, J. M 654 Scott, w. F ;.;■;;;■;;;; G54 Scott, J. H 655 Shaw, R. L G56 Shook, W. H 657 Sisk, A. J 658 Skaggs, Col. C. P LSZ~''''Z'. 658 Slatten, James C 659 Thornberry, W. H 660 Towle, J. W 661 Travelstead, W. C 662 Von Lieven, H. L 663 Warfield, R. N 664 Westbrook, David 665 Westbrook, Richard 666 Williford, Hon. S. F 667 Wills, E. T 668 Wilson, John H 668 HAMILTON COUNTY. Anderson, Maj. J. T 671 Atchisson, Hierom 672 Asher A Ledbetter 673 Atkinson, R. C 673 Benson, V. S 675 Berridge, Isaac G 676 Biggerstaff, Silas 677 Brown, James H 678 Buck, W. W 678 Burton, James M 679 Campbell, Hon. J. R 680 Carey, Ira B 684 Cloud, A. G 685 Cloud, C. G 685 Coker, Capt. Joseph 686 Coker, W. A 687 Corn, John H 688 Crouch, W. D 689 Dale, John H 690 Dale, Marion C 690 Darnall, W. J 691 Davis, W. C 692 Davis, R 693 Douglass, B. F 694 Eswine, Louis 695 Flannigan, Wm. R. & Co ,. 696 Garrison, T. J 697 Gates, Samuel E 698 Gowdy, R. M 700 Hale, L. J 701 Hall, W. F 701 Hall, H. W 702 Hall, C. M 703 Hamill, David 704 Hamill, William 705 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX. PAGE. Hanagan, David 705 Hassett, Prof. J, J 706 Henderson, N. C 707 Hinkle, Hiram 707 Hunt, John T 708 Irvin, John E 709 Johnson, W. B 710 Johnson, Capt. C. A 710 Johnson, John W 712 Judd, John 712 Kipp, Lieut. H. A. W 713 Lane, J. H 714 Lane, James 715 Lee, John R 716 Lyon, Dr. C. M 718 McConnell, Will 718 Mangis, G. W 719 Marshall, Hon. S. S. 719 Marshall, John W 723 Meador, K. L 724 McKinzie, A. S 725 McGehee, Wm 7^6 Mercer, I. N 727 Miller, E. N 728 Moore, A. R 729 Morgan, P. W 730 Moorman, J. P 731 Neel, Dr. E. G 732 Organ, Dr. John S 733 Pake, Samuel J 7.34 Pope, C. W 735 Proudfit, Robert ; 736 Proudfit, David 737 Pulliam, A. H 738 Rickcords, Wm 739 Robinson, James E 740 Standerfer, J. B 741 Stelle, T. B 741 Sullenger, A. T 742 Suttle, John M 743 Todd, Charles S 744 Twigg, Squire James 745 Upchurch, J. H 747 Upton, John H 748 Vaughn, Thos. B 749 Walker, Leonidas 749 Walters, Albert 750 Weaver, Dr. C. B 751 White, J. K. P 752 Wilson, John H 753 Wood, John J 754 Young, Alvin A 755 FRANKLIN COUNTY. Akin, James M 757 Auten, L. R 758 Bain, Daniel 759 Barr, James S 760 Biggs, C. C 761 PAGE. Boyer,Wm. H 752 Brown, WilliamG 752 Browning, Levi 753 Browning. Daniel M 755 Brownlee, A. M jqq Burkill, James iqq Cantrell, T. B 757 Cantrell, William S 768 Carter, Dr. L.C 769 Casey, E. H 770 Clark, A. C 770 Clinton, F. E 77X Cook, Braxton 772 Crim Elder W.L '...' 773 Crisp, A. J 774 Croslin, Thomas 775 Davis, Nehemiah 775 Dimmick, M. B 777 Dorris, S. H 773 Durham, Dr. James A 773 Durham, N. A 779 Eskew, W. L 739 Flannigan, R. H 731 Frailey, D. W 731 Hamilton, Dr. S 732 Harrison, F. 734 Harrison, T. P 735 Harris, Dr. James T 735 Hickman, Zachariah 736 Hill, JohnP 787 Hill, James B 737 Hill, John W 733 Hill, W. H 789 Hudson, J.J 790 Hutson, Ulysses 790 Hutson, Dr. E. G 791 Jones, H. K... 790 Jones, W. R 793 Jones, Allen 793 Kelley, C. 794 King, W. A 795 King, Willis B 797 Layman, Thos. J 797 Link, J. B 793 Link, R. R 793 Link, T. J 799 Mclntyre, Dr. A. J SOO Maddox, Prof. J.W 801 Mallory, Overton R 802 Marvel, Col. G. R 803 Mason, James F 304 Mitchell, J. G 805 Mooneyham, Hon. F. M 806 Mooneyham, Daniel 807 Moure, John B 808 Moore, Capt. Carroll 809 Moyers, W.J.N 809 ^Mulkey, W. H 810 Neal, Thomas 811 Odum, Addison 812 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX. PAGE. Orr, A. G 813 Pearce, W. C 813 Phillips, Hon. Peter 814 Poindexter, Dr. R 815 Rea, C. D 816 Roberson, S. M., M. D 817 Ross, George C 819 Rotramel, Dr. E. M 820 Rotramel, Dr. K. H 821 Royall, James W 821 St. Clair, John J 822 Sims, George W 823 Spiller, W. F 824 Sullivan, John 824 Summers, Ambrose 826 Swain, Prof. R. D 826 Swisher, Z. M 827 Taylor, R. J 828 Thompson, R 829 Thornton, Dr. C. M 8.30 Threlkeld, C. D 831 Thurmond, W. H 831 Turner, James B 832 Vise, Rev. Hosea 834 Ward, W. R 835 Washburn, John, D.D 836 Webb, L. M 838 Whiffen, A. U 8.39 Williams, W. H 840 Willis, John 841 Youngblood, F. M 842 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. Allen, Hon. Willis 845 Allen, J. E 846 Bainbridge, J. B 847 Earth, David 818 Baker, Dr. A. P 848 ■Baker, Dr. M. D 849 Baker, M. L 850 Baker, Dr. (i. J 851 Benson, A. J 852 Boles, S. C 853 Bones, Thos 853 Borton, Reuben 854 Brandon, J. M 855 Brewer, M.J 856 Brown, Frank 857 Brown, Dr. Curtis 858 Brown, Capt. John 859 Bulliner, E. H 860 , Burkhart, J. M 861 Burnett, J. H 862 Campbell, M. C 862 Carter, Laban 863 Chamness, Geo B 867 Cline, A. L 868 Connell, J. F 868 PAGE. Creal, E. G 869 Cripps, T. N 870 Darrow, E. L 871 Davis, Josiah 872 Davis, G.W 872 Davis, H. M 873 Davis, B. F 874 Davis, A. J 875 Denison, E. L 875 Denison.C. H 876 Dunaway, Thos 877 Dunaway, Samuel 877 Duncan, W. W 878 Duncan, John H 879 Duncan, A. J 8S0 Erwiu, J. W 881 Eubanks, W. H... 881 Felts, B. R 882 Ferrell, Leander 834 Ferrell, Levi 884 Fly, Dr. J. J 885 Follis, E. Peter 886 Fowler, J. M 887 Cioddard, L. A 889 Goodall& Tippy 890 Goodall, F. M 890 Goodall, John 891 (iraham, J.J 891 Hammer, Isaac 893 Harrison, D. R 894 Hayton, Dr. James 895 Hendrickson, Jesse 896 Hendriekson, H 897 Henshaw, G. A 898 Herrin, Ephraim 898 Hinchclilf, W. H 899 Holland, Brice 900 Holland, R. D 901 Huddeston, John 902 Hudgens, Lieut. Z 902 Hunter, Rev. A 904 Ingram, G. W 905 Jackson, J. C 905 Keeler, Thomas H 906 Kennedy, C 907 Kern, C. M 908 La Master, Rev. G. W 909 Lee, John C 911 Lupfer, R. M 911 McCall, W. R 912 McCormick, W. C 913 McDonald, M. M 914 McNiel.W. J 915 Mann, W. H 915 Martin, W. J 916 Mitchell, O. 917 Mitchell, E. E 918 Mitchell, J. C 919 Moren, W. H 919 Murrah, H. C 920 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX. PAUE. Nelson, Giles 921 Newton, John G 922 North, A. H 923 Odum, Rev. Martin 924 Ogden, Henry 925 Owen, A.N 926 Palmer, A. M 927 Parks, Charles 928 Perrine, W. A 928 Perry, Dr. W. H 930 Perry, J. II 930 Phillips, Henry 931 Prindle, Scott 932 Ralls, A. Luke 933 Reeves, A. P 934 Richart, Hugh M 935 Ridgway,W.J 936 Roberts, P. L 937 Roberts, J. W 937 Roberts, J. L 938 Robertson, M. W 940 1, J. L 941 PAGE. Sizemore, W. E 942 Smith, James W 943 Sprague, Mrs. E. N 944 Stein, Jacob 945 Stewart, J. H 94G Thomas, Dr. G. W 946 Thompson, S. D 947 Thompson, James 948 Tidwell, J. F 948 Tregoning, W 949 Turner, Elijah 950 Walker, Irvin M 951 Washburn, W. S 952 Watson, Dr. A. D 953 White, C. A , 954 White, Amzi F 954 White, N. S 955 Winning, R 956 Wolfe, J. L.,M. D 957 Young, Judge G. W 958 Zimmerman, F. C. and W. H 960 GALLATIN COUNTY. LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES. /~^ ALLATIN COUNTY is situated iu the southeastern part of ^-^ Illinois. It is bounded on the north by White County, on the east by Indiana and Kentucky, on the south by Hardin Coun- ty and on the west by Saline County. It contains 313.44: square miles or 200,002.41 acres. The length of the county from north to south is twenty-one miles; its extreme width nineteen miles, and its shortest width twelve miles, just below Shawneetown. The county, like all of the State of Illinois, is sectionized and divided into townships, of which there are nine, only one of which, Eagle Creek Township, in the southwest corner, is a congressional township. The streams are Saline River, which enters the county nearly two miles south of the northwest corner, and flowing in a south-southeasterly direction, enters the Ohio on the line between Gallatin and Hardin Counties; and numerous small creeks which flow into the Saline River from either side. In the northeastern part of the county are several bodies of water, as Big Fish Lake, Little Fish Lake, Woods Pond, Round Pond, Honey Moore Pond, Yellow Bank Slough, Mill Slough and Beaver Pond, and in the southeastern portion Big Lake. TOPOGRAPHY. Generally speaking, the surface of the county is gently un- dulating. Nowhere do the hills rise more than about 250 feet above the general level, and the elevations rising to this altitude are in Eagle Creek Township along Eagle Creek. The most marked feature, however, in the topography of this county is a ridge named Gold Hill Ridge,* extending in an east and west * Named after Calvin Gold, an old settler, but previously called Moreland Hill, after Hazel Moreland. 14 GALLATIN COUNTY. direction in the southern tier of sections in Township 9. This ridge attains an elevation of 342 feet above high water in the Ohio River, and as it approaches tlie Ohio, gradually descends until it is lost in the alluvial bottom lands back of Shawneetown. There is a low depression in Gold Hill Eidge at Island Riffle, in Section 36, Township 9, Range 8 east of the principal meridian, where it is crossed by the Saline River. Coal Hill is the name of a short range of hills commencing in Section 4, Township 10, Range 9, and terminating on Section 8, Township 10, Range 9. In the vicinity of Bowlesville is another short range of hills lying to the north of Gold Hill and terminating near Equality, on the west side of the North Fork of the Saline. With the exception of the elevated narrow ridge, running nearly north and south along the road from Shawneetown to New Haven, terminating within three miles of the former place, the country north of the Gold Hill axis is with- out prominent hills. GEOLOGY — COALS AND KOCK STEATA. The rocks of Gold Hill Ridge belong to what is known in the geology of Illinois as the Chester Group, this group constituting the upper portion of the Subcarboniferous Period, the maximum thickness of which (the Chester Group) in Illinois is 800 feet, according to the State geologist's report. The most easterly ex- posure in Gallatin County is a little more than three miles west of Shawneetown, on Section 33, Township 9, Range 9 east. The following section of the rock was obtained: Feet. Covered slope to top of ridge 50 Conglomerate with pebbles 50 Irregular bedded sandstone 20 Covered sandstone and shale 90 Limestone with Archimides 55 Covered to high water of the Ohio 40 305 The Chester limestone exposure near the base is for the most HISTOBY OF ILLINOIS. 15 part a coarse, crystalline, gray rock, filled with small entrochites (the petrified arms of star fishes), the organic structure of which is almost obliterated by crystallization. It is remarkably poor in other fossils, only some badly preserved specimens of archimedes, and a few fragments of a small spirifer being found besides. This same limestone crops out also up the Saline River on Section 27, Township 9, Range 8 east. Near this locality were the old salt works known as the "Nigger Works." Besides these two lo- calities, the only other place in Gallatin County where the Chester limestone outcrops is in the southwestern corner, near the corner of Pope and Hardin Counties. Above the Chester Group lie the coal measures proper of vari- ous and varying thickness and value, interspersed with sandstone, limestone, shale, fire clay, etc. The seams or veins of coal that exist in the general section of Illinois geology, are numbered from 1 to 10 inclusive. No. 1 being the lowest down, nearest the Chester limestone. Those that are worked in Gallatin County are Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7. No. 1, half a mile above Sellers' pa- per-mill is ninety -five feet above low water, and at T. Rees & Co.'s mines it is 122 feet above. No. 2, the " four foot seam," is reached by a shaft on the Saline River, at the Independent Coal Company's mines, where it is four feet thick and of excellent quality for steam and manufacturing purposes. The space be- tween Nos. 1 and 2 is about 140 feet. No. 3 is not so good as No. 2, because of the presence of sulphur. No. 5 lies eighty to 100 feet above No. 4, and has been reached by boring on Ea- gle Creek in Section 13, Township 10, Range 8. It has furnished fuel for Ross' mill at Equality, about two miles southwest of which place it has been worked by drifting into the hill, and where it furnished fuel to evaporate the brine of the salt works under Castle & Temple. No. 5 is five feet thick. No. 6 two feet six inches, No. 7 four to seven feet, No. 8 two feet, and No. 9, consisting of shale and thin coal, three feet. No. 6 has not been 16 GALLATIN COUNTY. worked of receut years. No. 7 outcrop on both sides of Coal Hill and lias been opened in various places. Coal was first mined in Gallatin County, about two miles from Equality, a little to the west of north, and hauled to that place over bad roads, it not being then known that every one could have a coal mine in his own door yard, if he so chose. Above the coal measures in the upper carboniferous is the quaternary formation, represented by the drift and loess deposits. The drift occupies the hills and ridges all over the county and is from ten to twenty feet thick. It is composed chiefly of yellow clay, and contains occasionally a granite or trappean boulder. The largest stranger of this kind in the county is about one and one-half feet long and one foot broad. The loess is from ten to forty feet thick and occupies the tops of the ridges from Shawnee- town to New Haven. This deposit contains an abundance of land and fresh water shells, belonging mostly to species now living in this State. There is an abundance of building stone all along the Gold Hill Bidge, along Eagle Creek and its tributaries, at Equality and at New Haven. A black septaria limestone is also found at Shawneetown, when the water in the Ohio River is low ; but it is obtainable in such limited quantities as to be of but little value in building. Quick-lime is derived from the Chester limestone in Gold Hill Ridge. Good brick clay is found in most parts of the county, and potters' clay, it is believed, may also be found. SOIL AND NATURAL PRODUCTIONS. The soil in the eastern part of the county is derived from the washing of the quaternary and carboniferous strata, and by in- undations of the Ohio. It is a sandy loam and is especially adapted to the raising of Indian corn. The other varieties of soil are the calcareous clay soil derived from the loess along the ridges between Shawneetown and the Little Wabash, which ranks next in HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 17 fertility to the sandy loam of the river bottoms. The sedimentary clay loam along the main Saline and its principal tributary, the North Fork, which is compact and tenacious, and which in its na- tive state is not adapted to either extremely wet or extremely dry seasons, could be brought by a thorough system of under-drain- ing into a high state of cultivation; and the yellowish, grav- elly clay land in the northwestern part of the county is derived from the drift, as the former is derived mainly from the argil- laceous shales of the coal measures. This is particularly well adapted to the growth of all the cereals, grasses and clover. There is an abundance of timber in this county. In the river bottoms large black walnut, oak and hickory are its principal trees. By some of the ponds and sloughs and in the low wet lands post oak prevails. THE ANCIENT SALT WORKS. Besides the above mentioned valuable beds of mineral wealth and other natural resources with which the county is supplied, the salt springs have in the past been sources of great wealth, and have had much to do with shaping the character of the popula- tion, not only in Gallatin County, but also to a limited extent that of the southern part of Illinois. The streams are fed by numerous saline springs, and Saline River was named from the fact that its tributaries are thus fed. The only place, however, where profitable brine has been found in the county is on Sec- tion 19, Township 9, Range 8 east of the principal meridian, about a mile north of Equality and near the Half-moon Lick, a semi-circular excavation made long before the settlement of the country by white people, by buffaloes and other wild animals, which assembled here in vast herds to lick the salty earth. This remarkable excavation is in the shape of a horse shoe, and is fi'om twelve to sixteen feet deep. From point to point it is about 200 yards, and from a line connecting the points to the toe, or back 18 GALLATIN COUNTY. of the curve, 250 yards. Descending into this lick are still to be seen deeply trodden buffalo roads. The measurements here given were made by B. Temple. In the long ago when the present site of the salt works was an alluvial swamp, this locality was the favorite resort of the mammoth and the mastodon, for from time to time numerous bones of these extinct animals have here been found. After the retirement of the mammoth and the mastodon from this region, or after their extinction, these salt springs, according to tradition sustained by abundant evidence as to its truth, were extensively worked by the native Indians. The evaporating kettles used by them, a few entire, and innumerable fragments of broken ones, were found near the Negro Salt Well and the Half-moon Lick, when the brine first commenced to be evaporated in territorial times. These kettles were from three to four feet in diameter and were made of siliceous clay and pounded shells, and the innumerable fragments found over a large extent of territory and to considerable depths in the soil, suggest, if they do not prove, the prehistoric existence of an In- dian pottery manufactory at this locality, to which, in the light of recent investigations by George E. Sellers, who now is living at Bowlesville, extraordinary interest attaches as being the place where, through his investigations, the problem of the method of making this pottery has been solved, and the solution, though rather tardily, accepted by all the eminent archaeologists of the pre- sent day. They were made upon a mold of stones and clay in an inverted position, and polished smooth. From the laminated structure of the fragments, the clay and broken shell cement appear to have been put on this mold in layers, and every fresh layer firmly compressed upon the previous one until the desired thickness was obtained, when a thin layer or even a wash of river- silt or mud was applied, and lastly a cloth was wrapped around the whole. When it became necessary to remove the cloth a slight surface moistening would accomplish the object without HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 19 injui'y, and the river-silt was sufficiently siliceous to become in process of time, when in contact with a body ot* lime cement, al- most as hard as the cement itself. That this river-silt was ap- plied for this purpose seems to be fully established by the fact that in no instance was there found this coating or any impression of the cloth on the bottoms of the kettles. The materials used in weaving this cloth were generally the fiber of bark, of flax, of hemp, of grass, etc., spun into thread of various sizes, or splin- ters of wood, twigs, roots, vines, porcupine quills, feathers and a variety of animal tissues, either plaited or in an untwisted state, the articles woven consisting of mats, nets, bags, plain cloths and entire garments, such as capes, belts and sandals. The kettles or vessels, when sufficiently dry to be lifted from the mold, were so lifted by means of wedges driven under the edges, thus per- mitting the drying process to proceed without cracking the ket- tles, which were then thoroughly sun-dried before being used. That they were not baked in the fire is clear from the fact that it would thus be impossible to bake them evenly, and that when so heated and moisture afterward applied to them, they crumble into dust by the slacking of the lime in the broken shells of which they are in part composed. INDIAN MOUNDS. Numerous mounds still exist along the ancient trail from near New Haven to the Negro Salt Well, and up and down the Saline Kiver on either side extending down into Hardin County. One mound in this latter series named Button's Mound, just below the line of Gallatin, is one of the most interesting in the State. It is oval in form, and has a flat top about 80 feet long by 35 feet in width. The interesting feature of Button's Mound is this, that it was, when discovered, paved or covered with layers of stones all around its sides up to the truncated top, the layers forming terraces or steps, and the steps covered in such manner 20 GALLATIN COUNTY. with smaller stones as to fill up the angles, and render the sloping sides of the mound smooth. Mounds are found built in the same manner in Mexico and Central America, which seems to indicate that this southern Illinois mound was erected by the same tribe or nation as were those in the countries farther south. The largest mound, however, in southern Illinois, is known as Boyd's Mound, situated nearly five miles north of Shawn eetown. This mound, otherwise known as Sugar Loaf mound, was visited at least as early as 1809 by Stephen Fields and James Fields. In 1855 its dimensions were taken and found to be: area of base four acres, and perpendicular height fifty-five feet. It is apparently filled with human skeletons, as pieces are constantly being taken out on the top and on the sides, suggesting the possibility of its having been built as an elevated sepulcher, increasing in height as the bodies of the dead were deposited upon it and covered up with earth, which appears to have been brought from a pond, now filling up, about three-fourths of a mile to the northward. The mound could not have been erected for an observatory, as there are hills to the south and southwest higher than the mound, and at no great distance; neither could it have been necessary to enable its builders to escape the overflow of the Ohio Eiver, for the same reason ; and there have been as yet no evidences found of its hav- ing been designed as a religious temple ; though when opened, as is now the intention of Squire William J. Boyd, what discoveries may be made within it is impossible to conjecture. GOVERNMENT LEASES OF THE SALT WORKS. How long the Indians worked the salt springs mentioned above is not known; but on the 12th of February, 1812, Congress set apart a tract of land six miles square to support the works, and leased the springs to Phillip Trammel, mentioned elsewhere as one of the first legislators from Gallatin County. The work was performed mostly by negroes from Kentucky and Tennessee, to HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 21 which reference is made in the constitution of 1818, Article YI, Section 2, as follows: "No person bound to labor in any other State shall be hired to labor in this State, except within the tract reserved for the salt works near Shawneetown; nor even at that place for a longer period than one year at one time; nor shall it be allowed there after the year 1825, Any violation of this ar- ticle shall effect the emancipation of such person from liis obli- gation to service." Many of the negroes engaged at these salt works, by extra labor, saved money enough to buy their freedom, and were the progenitors of the large number that lived in Gal- latin and Saline Counties before the war. The salt manufac- tured here under the Government leases was sold at |5 per bushel, and found a ready market in Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama and Missouri, It was transferred by keel boats up the Tennessee and Cumberland Kivers, and also up the Mississippi to St, Louis, SALT LANDS GRANTED TO THE STATE, At the time of the admission of Illinois into the Union, Con- gress gave these lands to the State, which continued the lease system until about 1840, the last lease being made to John Crenshaw, December 9, of that year, Mr. Crenshaw became a very wealthy man, and exercised large political influence in the southeastern portion of the State, After the establishment of salt works on the Kanawha River in Virginia, and at Pomeroy, Ohio, the mines in Gallatin County could no longer compete in the market. In 1847 the lands were sold, that portion contain- ing the salt wells being purchased by the school trustees of Town- ship 9, Range 9. In 1852 the lands were sold at public auction, and in 1854 Castle & Temple, the present proprietors, commenced to bore a new and deeper well, and began the manufacture of salt by an improved system which had its origin in France. The first brine was struck at a depth of 108 feet, and at 1,100 feet 22 GALLATIN COUNTY. the boring stopped, the brine obtained marking 7.2*^ of Baume's saltometer, and requiring only seventy-five gallons to make a bushel of salt — fifty pounds. The State geologist believes that at this depth, 1,100 feet, the Chester limestone was struck, and that it forms the basis of the muriatiferous rocks in this part of the State. As late as 1870 it was no uncommon thing to see from three to four wagons, each drawn by from four to six mules, on the road from Equality to Shawneetown, laden with salt for the various markets in the South and West; but in 1873, in consequence of the panic, overproduction and ruinous prices, Castle & Temple closed the works, and on the same property en- gaged in mining and making coke. EARLY SETTLEMENT OF THE COUNTY. "When the first white man arrived in Gallatin County to make a permanent settlement the Indians occupied it only occa- sionally, and then only as a hunting-ground. This first white man was in all probability Michael Sprinkle, but where he came from can not be ascertained. He settled on the present site of Shawneetown, about the year 1800. He was a blacksmith and gunsmith, and for this and other reasons was a great favorite among the roaming bands of Indians, as well as with the early settlers as they came straggling in. He resided in Shawneetown until about 1814, when he moved about four miles into the country, on the poorest piece of land he could have found in the county, if to live on poor land had been his desire, but the loca- tion was chosen not on account of the sterility of the soil, but because of the existence there of a never failing spring. Among the early settlers were the following, most of whom were here previous to 1815: Jacob Barger, Samuel Hayes, Joseph Hayes, John Marshall, Michael Eobinson, Humphreys Leich, Stephen Fields, Thornton Tally, John Herrod, John Martin, Isaac Baldwin, Adrian Davenport, James Davenport, Michael Jones, Frederick HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 23 Buck, William Akers, Andrew Slack, James M. Pettigrew, Abra- ham T. McCool, John Scroggins, O. C. Vallandigham, John Walden, Henry Ledbetter and Dr. John Raid. In the north- western part of the county there were a Mr. Dunn, Mr. Hurd, Abraham Armstrong, Allen Dugger, John Kinsall, Charles Ed- wards, Sr., John Edwards, Benjamin Kinsall, Sr., James Trous- dale and Mr. Orr. It is believed that the first settler on the present site of Omaha was a Mr. Perry. Zephrania Johns settled on the site of Omaha, in 1825. He sold his improvements to Rev. William Davis, who entered the land in 1833. The first post office in this region was at South Hampton, at the residence of David Keasler, the first postmaster. It was discontinued be- cause of the railroads passing on both sides of it. The first election was held at the house of John Kinsall where Moses Kinsall now resides, a short distance east of Omaha. TROUBLES WITH INDIANS. From 1812 to 1815, the settlers in Southern Illinois were much troubled by the Shawnee tribe of Indians. About that time a boy by the name of Maurice Hyde was^attacked in Reuben Beller s, by two Indians, which was at the time occupied by an old man and some children, left alone because of a gathering in the neigh- borhood. The children were out playing Indian, when these two Indians came up ; one of the boys gave the alarm, but Maurice thought it was only a pretended alarm, so was caught and car- ried away. The Indians were pursued by the rangers who cap- tured one of the Indians and took his scalp, and ran the other in- to the river who soon afterward died. Maurice was recovered and restored to his friends. Another incident was somewhat as follows: A portion of the Shawnee tribe, which was then living up the Wabash, came to Shawneetown, and there met a portion of another tribe, believed to have been the Kaskaskias, the main body of which was living 24 GALLATIN COUNTY. near the Mississippi. Between these two tribes there had been some difficulty, and the chiefs of both these factions which met in Shawneetown, made a tour of the saloons and made earnest request of all not to sell to any of their warriors any fire water, knowing that if any of them should obtain fire water, trouble would be the result. All of the saloon-keepers complied with this reasonable request but one living in the south part of the town. At his establishment some of the Indians secured some whisky, the old feud was fanned into a flame, a quarrel and a fight en- sued, and one of the Shawnees was killed. The Kaskaskias engaged in the killing immediately sought safety in flight, and other members of the tribe, in order to appease the Shawnees, pro- posed to pursue the murderers, and bring one of them back dead or alive. In due course of time they returned with the head of the Kaskaskia who had struck the fatal blow and peace was re- stored. After being fed by the citizens of Shawneetown, until this affair was settled the Indians all took their departure, much to the relief of the white people. Still another was the following: Dr. John Eeid mentioned elsewhere as an early settler, father of Mrs. S. C. Eowan, still living on the old homestead about two miles north of Shaw- neetown in what was then known as Sugar Grove, at the age of eighty-two, was one day away from home, when a party of Indians called at the house. Alexander Beid was then an infant, and Mrs. Reid had him nicely dressed and lying in the cradle. One of the squaws had her dirty little pappoose strapped on her back, and all at once admiring little Alexander so neat and clean, exclaimed " me swap," and instantly made the exchange, and the party started off for their camp, on the ridge in town. Mrs. Keid being alone was helpless and was filled with astonishment and dismay. Dr. Reid soon came home and found his wife al- most crazed with grief at the loss of her babe. But he was a man of resources, and after soothing his wife, suggested that she HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 25 scrub up the little red stranger, put some good, clean clothes on him, and take him into camp. Although it was an unpleasant task, it was the only course to pursue, so she polished up the little pappoose, put on a clean frock, combed out his straight black hair, and made him look like a new creature. She then shoul- dered him and took him into camp, and exhibited him to his surprised mother, who when she saw him looking so neat and clean at once proposed to swap back, which Mrs. Reid was only too glad to do. LAND ENTRIES. While quite a number of settlers came early into the county the land ©ffice was not opened at Shawneetown until 1814, and then no land entries^were made until July of that year. The follow- ing is a complete list of all the land entries made during the year 1814, showing the names of many of the early settlers and the locations in the county which they preferred. So far as was learned from the entry book, the first entry was made on July 7, 1814, by John Black, of the northwest quarter of Section 19, Township 10 south. Range 9 east; on the 19th of the month Jephthah Hardin entered the southwest quarter of Section 7, Township 9, Range 10; on the 21st of the month "Warren Buck entered the southeast quarter of Section 17, Township 9, Range 10 ; Thomas McGehee, the southwest quarter of Section 33, Township 9, Range 9, and Jesse B. Thomas, the southwest quarter of Section 23, Township 9, Range 9. On the 25th, John Reid entered the north- east quarter of Section 19, Township 9, Range 10; Michael Jones, the southeast quarter of Section 19, Township 9, Range 10; and Archibald Roberts, the southeast quarter of Section 23, Township 9, Range 9. On the 26th, M. Jones, the west half of Section 3, Township 10, Range 9, and Hazle Moreland, the southeast quar- ter of Section 34, Township 9, Range 9 ; on the 27th, Henry Boyer, the southeast quarter of Section 12, Township 9," Range 9, and on 26 GALLATIN COUNTY. the 28th, Edward Farley, the northwest quarter of Section 19, Township 9, Eange 10. The entries in August were: on the 5th, Thomas Hayes, northwest quarter of Section 1, Township 8, Kange 9 ; on the 10th, James Dillard southwest quarter of Section 14, Township 9, Range 9 ; on the 19th, Lewis Kuykendall, southeast quarter of Section 5, Township 10, Range 9 ; on the 24th, George Patter- son, northeast quarter of Section 20, Township 7, Range 10, and Thomas M. Dorris, southeast quarter of Section 24, Township 8, Range 9, and on the 25th, James Willis, northwest quar- ter of Section 33, Township 9, Range 9. The following are the entries made in September on the 1st : Stephen Clautau, southwest quarter of Section 5, Township 10, Range 9 ; on the 5th, "William McCay, northwest quarter of Sec- tion 8, Township 9, Range 10 ; on the 9th, Thornton Talley, north- west quarter of Section 14, Township 9, Range 9 ; on the 10th, Mi- chael Sprinkle, southwest quarter of Section 8, Township 9, Range 10, and on the 12th, Daniel McKinley, northeast quarter of Sec- tion 32, Township 9, Range 9. In October the following: On the 6th, James Morris, southeast quarter of Section 1, Township 8, Range 9; on the 10th, James M, Pettigrew, northeast quarter of Section 8, Township 9, Range 10, and William Wheeler, southwest quarter of Section 9, Town- ship 10, Range 9; on the 12th, Isaac Hagan, northeast quarter of Section 9, Township 10, Range 9, and Merrel Willis, north- west quarter of Section 5, Township 10, Range 9 ; on the 14th, William Kelly, northwest quarter of Section 9, Township 9, Range 10; on the 15th, White Dawson & Brown, southeast, northeast and northwest quarters of Section 1, Township 10, Range 9, and John Forrester, northeast quarter of Section 2, Township 10, Range 9 ; on the 17th, John Willis, northeast quar- ter of Section 3, Township 10, Range 9, and Meredith K. Fisher, northwest quarter of Section 32, Township 9, Range 9, who had HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 27 entered the southwest quarter of the same section on the 4th ; on the 18th, Littlepage Proctor, northwest quarter of Section 10, Township 10, Range 9; on the 19th, Cornelius Lafferty, south- west quarter of Section 35, Township 9, Range 9; on the '20th, Samuel Clark, southeast quarter of Section 2, Township 10, Range 9; on the 23cl, Samuel Green, southwest quarter of Section 18, Township 9, Range 10 ; on the 25th, Baston Banewood, southeast quarter of Section 22, Township 9, Range 9 ; Samuel Clark, north- east quarter of Section 23, Township 9, Range 9, Annesley Clark, east half of the northeast quarter of Section 2, Township 8, Range 9, and John Carter, southeast quarter of Section 13, Township 9, Range 9; on the 29th, Thomas Dawson, northwest quarter of Section 2, Township 10, Range 9 ; on the 31st, John Groves, northwest quarter of Section 29, Township 7, Range 10, and Joseph Scott, east half of the northeast quarter of Section 15, Township 9, Range 9. In November the following: On the 2d, Jerrett Trammel, southwest quarter of Section 19, Township 10, Range 9; on the 4th, William Castles, east half of the northeast quarter of Sec- tion 13, Township 9, Range 9; on the 7th, Daniel McKinley, southeast quarter of section 29, Township 9, Range 9 ; on the 12th, Peter Baker, southeast quarter of section 9, Township 10, Range 9 ; on the 14th, Warren Buck, east half of the southwest quarter of Section 15, Township 8, Range 10; Hazle Moreland, northwest ^ quarter of Section 34, Township 9, Range 9, and James More- 1 and, west half of the northeast quarter of Section 33, Township 19,Range 9 ; on the 17th, James Weir, southwest quarter of Section 5, Township 9, Range 10; Andrew Slack, southwest quarter of Section 4, Township 9, Range 10, and Edward Gattu, southwest quarter of Section 10, Township 10, Range 9 ; on the 22d, John Ewing, northeast quarter of Section 27, Township 9, Range 9 ; on the 25th, Frederick Buck, Section 22, Township 8, Range 10, 28 GALLATIN COUNTY. and on the 26tli, Moses M. Rawlings, southeast quarter of Sec- tion 4, Township 10, Eange 9. The following are the entries for December : On the 3d, John Caldwell, west half of Section 19, Township 9, Range 10 ; Joseph M. Street, southeast quarter of Section 5, Township 9, Range 10; Samuel W. Kimberly, northwest quarter of Section 35, Township 9, Range 9 ; on the 5th, Thomas M. Dorris, southwest quarter of Section 19, Township 8, Range 10; on the 8th, Stephen Fields, northeast quarter of Section 14, Township 9, Range 9 ; on the 14tli, Housan Fletcher, southwest quarter of Section 4, Township 10, Range 9; on the 29th, Jephthah Hardin, fractional Section 30, Township 9, Range 10, and on the 31st, George Sexton, southeast quarter of Section 36, Township 8, Range 10. In 1816 there were nearly twenty land entries made by dif- erent individuals, among them some of those whom we have al- ready enumerated Michael Jones, John Reid and Joseph M. Street. The latter entered two and a quarter sections on the 25th of February: Sections 24 and 25, and the northeast quarter of Section 26, Township 9, Range 9. On the 12th of June, Thomas Sloo, Jr., entered most of Section 36, Township 9, Range 9, on which Shawneetown is located; and Michael Robinson, on the 23d of September, entered the southwest quarter of Sec- tion 12 Township 9, Range 9. Some of those who made entries in 1817 were Robert Peeples, on May 22, the east half of the southeast quarter of Section 36, Township 7, Range 9; Rachael McGehee, December 18, the east half of the northwest quarter of Section 28, Township 9, Range 9, and R. Peeples and J. Kirk- patrick, January 11, the southwest quarter of Section 30, Town- ship 7, Range 10. In 1818 Ephraim Hubbard, on the 24th of April, entered the northwest quarter of Section 35, Township 8, Range 9, and Martin P. Frazier, on the 13th of May, entered the west half of Section 15, Township 10, Range 9. There were many other entries made,a list of which it is deemed unnecessary to give. ^ffTT" BATTLE OF FORT DONELSON, Feb. 13-16, HISTOltY OF ILLINOIS. 31 SLAVES AND INDENTURED SERVANTS. Most of the early settlers of this county came from some one of the Southern States: Kentucky, Virginia, Tennessee, and in some few instances from Georgia and Alabama, Many of those, but not all who came brought with them slaves, with tran- scripts of the evidence of ownership from the records of the coun- ties from which they emigrated, which transcripts were duly re- cored in Gallatin County. Some of those who brought slaves either upon or after arriving in the county, set them free, either in consideration of past faithful services, or of money. In this way large numbers of negroes and mulattoes of different degrees of darkness found themselves in southern Illinois, and resided here either as free persons, or as indentured servants, most of the time up to the breaking out of the war. The following is the form of indenture usually employed, and the one given is the first one upon the records in Gallatin County: This Indenture made and entered into this 5th day of July, 1814, between William Killis, mulatto man about the age of 25, and Joseph M. Street, both of Sliavvneetown, Gallatin County, in the Illinois Territory, witnesseth, that for and in consideration of $200, by the said Joseph to the said William in hand paid, the receipt whereof is hereby aciinowledged, the said William hath put, placed and bound himself to the said Joseph as a servant for the full term of four years from the date hereof, or, in other words, until the 5th day of July, 1818, and the said Joseph agrees on his part to furnish the said William with everything proper for him, and the said William, on his part, agrees to act and demean himself in an orderly and proper manner in his capacity of servant. In testimony whereof we have hereunto set our hands and seals the day and year above written. his William X Killis. Teat : mark. Thomas Posey. Joseph M. Street. Fayette Posey. Indentured servants always made their mark. The last record upon the books devoted to recording the movements and status of colored persons, was made September 1, 186'2, and had reference to Carolina Sanders, late slave of Gen. Pillow, of the Rebel Army. She was brought to Shawneetown on that day by James B. Tur- ner, and asserted her right to freedom under the confiscation act 32 GALLATIN COUNTY. of the General Government. James B. Turner certified to the facts as asserted by Carolina, and gave bond to the county that she should not become a county charge. Because of the prejudices of many of the people then against the negro, and of their frequent attempts to steal them and sell them into slavery in the Southern States, great trouble frequently arose ; many cruelties and outrages upon their rights were per- petrated by persons, some of whom are still living, who would, with their present enlightened vieAvs of justice, crimson to the temples to see their names published in connection with the crimes they once thought it a duty to commit, but which names fre- quently appear on the records of the circuit court, in indict- ments for kidnaping. It was frequently necessary for a free negro to prove to the court that he was free. Following is the record of a case of this kind: WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 1839. Mary Smith, a woman of color, vs. Benjamin Lafferty and John Cook. This day came the phiiutifE by her attorneys, and the said defendants. The suit hath been brought by the plaintiff to establish her right and that of her children to freedom under the constitution and laws of the State. It was agreed by the defendants that she and they are free so far as they know or believe, and they consent that the said plaintiff may have judgment accordingly, and that each party shall pay their own costs. It is therefore considered by the court that the said plaintiff recover her freedom for herself and her said children as against the said defendants. Following is an illustration of the method of procedure when a negro could not prove his freedom to the court. MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 14, 1840. This day came into open court William Wilburn, a man of color, who pro- duced to the court the certificate of the sheriff of this county, whereby it is shown to the court here that the said William was legally committed to the custody of the said sheriff as a runaway; that the said William produced no certificate or other evidence of his freedom to the said sheriff within the time limited by law; he, the said William, was regularly hired out from month to month for the space of one year, notice according to law frequently given; and it further appearing tliat due notice by publication in a public newspaper printed in said State has been given by the said sheriff, as required by the second section of an act respecting free negroes, mulattoes, servants and slaves approved January 17, HISTORY or ILLINOIS. 33 1829, and that no owner hath appeared to substantiate his claim to said negro within one year from his commitment aforesaid; whereupon the said William moved the court that it be certified that he be henceforth deemed a free person, unless he shall be lawfully claimed by a proper owner or owners, hereafter, and it is by the court ordered to be and it is hereby ordered accordingly. REGULATORS AND VIGILANTS. Excitement ran very liigli about 1840, and for a few years afterward about negroes living in the State. The excited state of feeling resulted in the organization of a body of men calling themselves "Regulators," whose purpose was to force all negroes without regard to age, sex or condition, to leave the county. This movement had its origin in the fact that some time previously John Crenshaw sold a family of negroes to a Mr, Kuykendall. This negro family consisted, it is believed, of indentured servants. Kuykendall ran the negroes out of the State, and as a result of this action by Kuykendall, both he and Crenshaw were indicted by the grand jury for kidnaping. At the term of court held early in 1842, Crenshaw was acquitted because the State's attorney could not prove that the negroes were taken out of the State, although it was well known to the community to be the case. It was asserted in connection- with this case that negroes were the best laborers in the county, that they were no more frequently guilty of crimes than white people, and that when guilty they were most certainly punished. Some time previously, Benjamin Hardin had been cruelly murdered, and it was attempted to show that the negroes had something to do with it, and while it was proved that the murder was committed by a negro, who was hired to commit the crime by another negro, yet it was believed then, and is now, by a large number of people, that a certain leading white man was the real instigator of the crime, yet, as the name of this leading business man was never connected with the case in law, it can not judiciously be connected with it in history. The murder of Hardin was characterized at the time as "the most wicked, the most cruel, the most cold-blooded and horrible ever 34 GALLATIN COUNTY. committed in a civilized community — a murder so wanton, so de- liberately planned and executed, so foul and atrocious that the Almighty, in his wrath, smote the spot upon which it was per- petrated and the country all around, involving in one sheet of flame, the trees, the fences, the houses, the grass of the ravine — the very post from which the murdered man fell, covering the entire premises with the black drapery of mourning, which may be seen unto this day — a mark of the indignation of the Most High — a memento of the fate of the unfortunate Hardin." The writer of the above characterization, Samuel D. Marshall, was one of the ablest editors and lawyers that ever resided in Shawneetown. He was sufficiently rational and just to wish to see crime punished but at the same time not so unreasonable as to con- demn an entire race for the crimes of the individual ; hence his position was that of a defender and protector of the oppressed. Hence, also, it was that in his paper, the Illinois Repuhlican, he condemned the proceedings of the regulators as disgraceful and unjustifiable, "conspiring as they had done to drive all of the negroes out of the country, good and bad, lazy and industrious, old and young ; those who had property and those who had not — all must go, and with a notice of only a week. Here are a vast number of negroes, many of them honest, industrious and good citizens, forced to' sacrifice their lives or their property within seven days. No such procedure can ever be justified in a free country. Any combination which proposes to violate the laws of security in person and in property, guaranteed to all our citizens, white or black, which sets up its own arbitrary will in opposition to that of the people, subverts our form of government, and leads directly to anarchy and eventually to despotism." In the list of regulators were the names of many young men who were otherwise men of respectability and character ; but as a general thing the bands of regulators were composed of bad men, who wished to screen themselves from deserved punishment and 1356428 HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 35 have some one else punislied for crimes of which they were guilty. The Illinois Republican argued forcibly that every man who loved liberty must adhere to law as the sheet anchor of his own security, as nowhere else, but in the law are liberty and security guaranteed. As instancing the character of the regulators the Republican recorded the fact that in March or April, 1842, several regulators went to the house of an old and inoffensive negro for the purpose of " regulating him," that is, of whipping and terrifying him. Among those thus visiting the old negro was a man named John Moore, otherwise known as "Leather Moore," because of his having been tried and convicted of stealing leather in Gallatin County. Most of the "boys" with whom Moore was when they arrived at the old negro's house, thought it would be a shame to whip the old man and left without doing so, notwith- standing that Moore was strongly in favor of the proceeding. A redoubtable corps of regulators made a raid into Shawnee- town, on Saturday, April 9, 1842, in battle array. The poor negroes heard of the coming of the corps in time, and soon were as scarce as squirrels on a windy day. Not a single woolly head was anywhere to be seen, and it was not long before the brave regulators began to fear that their honorable services were not in need at that particular time and place, and that they would have to be contented with the laurels of the past. Soon, however, first one and then another and finally several of the good citizens of the place began to take compassion upon tkem and addressed them thus: " Gentlemen regulators, we suppose you would be glad of a chance to regulate some negroes." "Yes, yes," they responded on all sides, and then from numerous persons in the town the invitation was extended to the brave and public-spirited citizens to go down to such and such houses, and "regulate" such negroes as were there to be found. But the invitations were universally declined for prudential reasons, and after one of their number made the following speech they left the town : "Gentlemen, we 36 GALLATIN COUNTY. were merely passing through your town, and did not intend to stop. If you will drop the matter, we will." Such outrages, however, carried with them to a considerable extent their own antidote. Violent proceedings were revolting to the majority of the best men in the community, and unsustained by public sentiment must necessarily cease. All reflecting men soon began to regard the lawless assumption of power by indi- viduals as a direct blow at the liberties of all. But these did not cease without calling into existence a band of vigilants under the command of M. K. Lawler to operate against them, which band did noble work in aiding the negro to enjoy his liberties in the southeastern counties of Illinois, and the services of Capt. Law- ler and his men deserve a fitting tribute in the history of the times. In 1851 an attempted murder was developed in connection with a case of kidnaping. A Mrs. Prather, formerly from AVeak- ley County, Tenn., having emancipated her slaves, they removed to Gallatin County, To this county they were followed by par- ties from their former home, who conspired to arrest them as fugitive slaves. The United States District Court decided that the conspirators had no claim to the colored people. Connected with the conspirators was a man named Newton E. Wright, who had long been in the business of kidnaping, and who, while in Gallatin County, attempted to reclaim the Prather negroes as fugitives, formed the acquaintance of another notorious kid- naper, named Joe O'Neal of Hamilton County. With O'Neal was associated Abe Thomas, a disreputable character. After this attempt in Gallatin County O'Neal stole three children from an old negro in Hamilton County, named Scott, ran them off and sold them to Wright, partly on credit, who resold them at New Madrid to a man named Phillips. AVhen O'Neal's note matured he sent Thomas to collect it, telling him further that Wright had business with him for which he would be well paid. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 37 Arriving at AVright's he agreed to kill a Dr. Swayne of Hicco, Tenn., for $150, who had sued Wright for $8,000. If Dr. Swayne could be killed, Wright could successfully defend the suit by means of nicely forged receipts. In May, 1850, a man calling himself Stewart rode up to the house of Dr. Swayne, with the request that he pay a professional visit to his father, who was sick a little distance from the Doc- tor's house. After proceeding some distance Stewart fell a little behind and shot the Doctor, the shot badly fracturing his arm. A cry of murder being raised, Stewart effected his escape, and every effort made failed to find the assassin. In the next year two citizens of White County, John and Shannon Eubanks, father and son, went to Tennessee with a lot of horses for sale. While in the neighborhood of Dr. Swayne' s they heard him relate the particulars of the attempt at his assas- sination and give a minute description of the attempted assas- sin. Shannon Eubanks knew the description applied to Abe Thomas, who was stopping at Joe O'Neal's in Hamilton County. Soon afterward Thomas was seized by some Tennesseans and taken to that State for trial.* The last effort to return fugitive slaves was made in the lat- ter part of 1862. It was reported that there was a fugitive from labor harbored at the house of Stephen E. Eowan, and a few pro-slavery men determined that he should be returned accord- ing to the Fugitive Slave Law. At that time the rebel forces had possession of that portion of Kentucky opposite Shawneetown, and they had made frequent threats to sack and burn the town, and for this reason the meeting was not harmo- nious, there being some present at the meeting bold enough to protest against the return of the fugitive to rebels in arms against the Government, and strong enough to prevent any at- tack upon Mr. Rowan, The fugitive, therefore, was never re- turned. *Froiu Davidson & Stuve's "History of Illinois." 38 GALLATIN COUNTY. WILD ANIMALS AND REPTILES. Wolves for manj years infested the woods and made things very unpleasant for the early settlers. In order to get rid of them it was found necessary to make it to the interest of as many as possible to make an unrelenting war upon them. To this end an address was drawn up in the following words : To the wolf hunters of Gallatin County, 111.— April 23, 1846— We, the undersigned, agree to bind ourselves severally to pay to any person who may kill the old wolves in the districts of country in the following bounds. Begin- ning at the mouth of Big Eagle Creek, thence up same creek to Z. Malingly's, thence to White's Mill on the Saline, thence down the Saline to the beginning at the mouth of Big Eagle Creek, or if the wolves are started in the above bounds it matters not where they are killed, we the undersigned will pay the amounts annexed to our names for each and every old wolf, started in the above bounds, in good trade or cash on or before the 25th day of September next. Any person being a subscriber to this paper who may bring the scalps to the town of Equality on the 1st day of November next, and prove the boundary in which the wolf was started, or make affidavit to the same if required, shall be entitled to the amount of this subscription for each scalp so started and killed. subscribers' names and amounts. Benjamin White f 5 00 William Dorsey ^ 50 Walter White 1 00 Thomas Dorsey 50 I. D. Bemin 1 00 David Williams 50 Nancy White 1 00 William Baldwin 1 00 John Baker 50 Benjamin Seawell 50 James Pruet 1 00 Philip Garrall 50 John Dorsey 1 00 Caleb Baldwin 50 John Williamson 1 00 James Willis 50 William Black 1 00 James Dorsey 50 Archibald Willis 1 00 Will G. Seawell 50 Lewis Seawell 50 Edward Lenwell, Jr 50 Francis Williams 50 Valentine Christian — The language of the above agreement is scarcely to be taken literally, for if it were intended precisely as written, the "start- ing and killing of wolf scalps '' within the bounds named would have been exceedingly profitable, more so probably than the kid- naping of free negroes, in Avhich too many of the inhabitants of southern Illinois and Kentucky were unjust enough to engage. According to the terms of the above agreement, each wolf scalp would bring to the hunter who should bring it in about $20, pro- HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 39 vided Valentine Christian intended to subscribe 50 cents with the rest, which is probable. It is said, however, by old settlers that the intention was to raise a fund out of which $1 should be paid for each wolf scalp, which is more likely than that each sub- scriber meant to promise to pay the amount annexed to his name for each wolf scalp brought in. Wolves, however, although the most numerous, were not the only wild animals in the woods which annoyed the early settlers and raided upon their stock. There were catamounts and pan- thers, for the scalps of the former of which 50 cents each was paid, and for those of the latter ^2 each. There were also plenty of black bears, but so far as the writer knows, no price was put upon them. Besides wild animals there were large numbers of snakes, poisonous as well as innocuous. Of the poisonous snakes there were rattlesnakes, water moccasins and copperheads. The water moccasins were of two kinds — black with red belly, and mottled-brown and yellow. Regarding the number of the various kinds of snakes, it used to be said that a man in clearing a piece of land could kill upon it snakes enough to fence it, and it may be that the term "snake-fence," as applied to the crooked rail fence, had its origin in this exaggeration. But strange as it may at first appear, notwithstanding the immense numbers of these poisonous reptiles, very few persons, if any, were bitten by them to death, not even by the copperhead, the most deadly of all. The explanation for this fact lies in the correlative fact that the early settlers were familiar with, and always had handy, the various efficacious Indian snake-bite remedies. THE ORGANIZATION OF ST. CLAIR AND RANDOLPH COUNTIES. In order clearly to perceive the position of Gallatin County, in the chronological order of the organization of the counties, it is necessary to present as briefly as may be the history of the organization of those counties older than this. When Gen. 40 GALLATIN COUNTY. Arthur St. Clair, accompanied by Winthrop Sargent, arrived at Kaskaskia, March 5, 1790, the country comprising Illinois, extending as far northward as the mouth of Little Mackinaw Creek, on the Illinois Eiver, was organized into one county, and named St. Clair, in honor of the governor. This county was divided into three judicial districts, a court of common pleas established, and three judges appointed, and Cahokia became the county seat. Randolph County was next organized by William Henry Harrison, governor of Indiana Territory, February 3, 1801, and embraced the territory within the following boundaries: Beginning on the Ohio River, at a place called the Great Cave, below the Saline Creek ; thence by a direct north line until it intersects an east and west line running from the Mississippi, through the Sink Hole Spring; thence along the said line to the Mississippi, thence down the Mississippi to the mouth of the Ohio, and up the same to the place of beginning. The territory remained thus divided until 1809, when the following proclamation was issued: Kaskaskia, April 28, 1809. A proclamation by Nathaniel Pope, secretary of the territory of Illinois, and exercising the government thereof. By virtue of tlie power vested in the governor for the prevention of crimes and injuries, and for the execution of process, civil and criminal, within the territory, I have thought proper to, and by this proclamation do, divide the Illinois Territory into two counties, to be called the county of St. Clair, and the county of Randolph. The county of Randolph shall include all that part of the Illinois Terri- tory lying south of the line dividing the counties of Randolph and St. Clair, as it existed under the government of the Indiana Territory, on the last day of February, 1809, and the county of St. Clair shall include all that part of the Territory which lies north of that line. Done at Kaskaskia, the 28th day of April, 1809, and of the Independence of the United States, the thirty-third. Nathaniel Pope. ORGANIZATION OF MADISON, GALLATIN AND JOHNSON COUNTIES. No other counties were organized then until September, 1812, when Madison, Gallatin and Johnson were called into existence by Gov. Edwards, by the following proclamation : HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 41 By Ntnian Ed-wakds, Governor of the Territory of Illinois. Kaskaskia, September 14. 1812. A PROCLAMATION. By virtue of the powers vested in the governor of the territory, I do hereby lay off a county or district to be called the county of Madison, to be included within the following bounds: To begin on the Mississippi, to run with the second township line above Cahokia, east until it strilies the dividing line between the Illinois and Indiana Territories, thence with said dividing line to the line of Upper Canada, thence with said line to the Mississippi, and thence down the Mississippi to the beginning. I do appoint the house of Thomas Kirkpatrick to be the seat of justice of said county. I do also lay off a county or district to be called the county of Gallatin, to be bounded as follows: To begin at the mouth of Lusk Creek, on the Ohio, running up with said creek to Miles' Trace, thence along said trace to Big Muddy, thence up Big Muddy to its source, thence north to the line of St. Clair County, thence with said line to the Wabash, thence down the Wabash and Ohio to the beginning. And I do appoint Shawnee Town, to be the seat of justice of Gallatin County. And I do lay off a county or district to be called Johnson County to be bounded as follows: To begin at the mouth of Lusk Creek on the Ohio; thence with the line of Gallatin County to Big Muddy; thence down Big Muddy and the Mississippi to the mouth of the Ohio, and up the Ohio to the be- ginning. And I do appoint the house of John Bradshaw to be the seat of justice for Johnson County. Done at Kaskaskia the 14th day of September, 1812, and [seal] of the Independence of the United States the thirty- seveuth. By the Governor NiNiAN Edwards. Nathaniel Pope, Secretary. Gallatin County was named in honor of Albert Gallatin, a distinguished American statesman and Secretary of the Treasury under Jeiferson. The name was conferred upon the county, or at least suggested, by John Bradolette, register of the land office at Vincemies, and a countryman and admiring friend of Galla- tin, and not, as has been stated by certain historians, by John Caldwell, who was receiver of the land office at Shawneetown. * The county was reduced in size at various times. Franklin County was organized in 1818; White County in 1815; Hardin County in 1839, and Saline County in 1847, and finally made separate in 1852. *See biography of Albert Gallatin Caldwell. 42 GALLATIN COUNTY. ADJUSTMENT OF BOUNDARY LINES. Althougli White County was organized, as just stated, in 1815, the boundary line between it and Gallatin County was not settled for many years. At the December term (1830) of the county commissioners court of Gallatin County, the surveyors of Galla- tin, White and Hamilton Counties were required to meet on the 16th of August, 1831, to run and establish a line between said counties. They met according to this requirement, but could not determine the piece of ground upon which Boone's mill had stood. The south line of White County was once described in law as " beginning in the eye of the millstone in Boone's mill, in New Haven, " but when the surveyors arrived on the ground August 16, 1831, the mill had been removed, and of course after passing the act relative to the boundary. The surveyors, there- fore, had five citizens, viz. : John Groves, Eoswell H. Grant, Merritt Taylor, Samuel Dagley and Peter Slater, designate as nearly as practicable the point to commence from, which they did as follows: Beginning at a rock in the Little Wabash Eiver, from which a black oak twelve inches in diameter bears south 60*^ east, distant seventeen links; thence running due west, to the corner of White and Hamilton Counties on the Gallatin County line, fourteen miles distant. The survey was completed August 23, 1831. The surveyors were David Stinson, of Gallatin Oounty; John Storms, of White County, and Enos T. Allen, of Hamilton County. On February 10, 1853, it was enacted by the Legislature that the section line running east and west, through the center of Township 7 south, in Ranges 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 east of the third principal meridian should constitute and stand for the county line dividing the two counties, Gallatin and White, for revenue and all other purposes ; said line to commence at the southwest corner of Section 18, Township 7 south, Range — east, and run HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 43 thence due east along and with the section line to the Little Wabash Kiver. On February 28, 1854, the Legislature amended the last clause of the above section so as to make it read, "Said line shall commence at the southwest corner of Section 18, Township 7 south, Kange — east, and shall run thence due east on said section line to the southwest corner of Section 17, Township 7 , Eange 10 east, thence north to the northern line of said section in the center of the Little Wabash Eiver, and down that stream to its confluence with the Great Wabash River. LIST OF COUNTY OFFICERS. The county officers of Gallatin County have been as follows: Sheriffs. — Marmaduke S. Davenport, George Robinson, Ephraim Hubbard, Dr. Henry Boyers, John Lane, 1833; Thomas Tong, 1842; John T. Walters, 1848; Joseph B. Barger, 1850; Richard Richeson, 1853 ; Thomas Wilson, 1854; James Davenport, 1855; James H. McMintry, 1857; John T. Walters, 1858; Parker B. Pillow, 1862; John M. Eddy, 1863; George B. Hick, 1865; W. L. Blackard, 1867; George B. Hick, 1869; Joel Cook, 1871; John Yost, 1875-80, inclusive; Robert J. Bruce, 1885-86, and J. F. Nolen, 1886 to the present time. CircuU Court Clerks. — Joseph M. Street, Leonard White, 1828; John E. Hall, 1848-56, when murdered; James Daven- port, 1857-64; James R. Loomis, 1865-72; James W. Millspaugh, 1873-76; Joseph F. Nolen, 1877-84; Robert L. Millspaugh, 1885 to the present time (1887). Sfaies Aiiorneijs. — Under the constitution of 1848, the duties of States attorneys extended over an entire circuit, hence a complete list of those attorneys practicing in Gallatin County, while that system was in vogue, would not be easy to form or perhaps even desirable. Some of them were, however, as follows: William H. Stickney, Samuel S. Marshall, L. J. S. Turney, James Robinson, 44 GALLATIN COUNTY. Thomas Smith, Milton Bartley, C. M. Damron and F. M. Youngblood. The latter gentleman served from 1869 to 1872, both years inclusive. Under the constitution of 1870 this officer's duties are limited to his own county. Since 1872 the following have been States attorneys of Gallatin County: William F. Crenshaw, 1873-76; E. D. Youngblood, 1877-80; D. M. Kinsall, 1881 to the present time. Masters 171 Chancery. — The following is a partial list of these officers: William Hensley was appointed by Judge Duff, as also was Milton Bartley, who likewise served four years while Judge Tanner presided on this circuit, and Carl Roedel two years. Milton Bartley succeeded Carl Roedel, and served during the years 1878 and 1879 ; D. M. Kinsall then followed during the years 1880 and 1881, in which latter year E. D. Youngblood was ap- pointed and still serves in that capacity. Clerks of the County Courts. — Joseph M. Street, Leonard White, Calvin Gold, John E. Hall, Joseph B. Barger, from 1856 to 1882, and Silas Cook from 1882 to the present time. County Treasurers. — John G. Daimwood, William McCoy, Joseph Hayes, Eli Adams, Benjamin Rice, Benjamin Thomas, W. Burnett, William Siddall, John Williamson, John W. Trousdale, Benjamin Bruce, William L. Blackard, Arad R. McCabe, Joseph A. Lane, S. M. Smyth, and W. W. Mayhew, the latter elected in 1886. CONGEESSIONAL DISTRICTS. From the organization of the State up to 1832, Illinois consti- tuted one Congressional District, of which of course Gallatin County formed a part, and John McLean, of Shawneetown was the representative during the first term of Congress after the admission of Illinois into the Union. In 1824, Hon. John McLean, was chosen to the United States Senate to fill out the unexpired term of Ninian Edwards. While in Washington Mr. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 45 McLean acted as correspondent of the Shawneetown paper, the Illinois Gazette, and here is a specimen of his work: Senate Chamber, February 9, 1825. Sir — The votes for President are as follows: Mr. Adams, six, New England States, New York, Maryland, Ohio, Illinois, Missouri, and Kentucky. He is elected. The mail starts, I have time to write no more. Great God deliver us! John McLean. John McLean was again chosen to fill a vacancy in the United States Senate in 1829, that caused by the resignation of Jesse B. Thomas, but he died October 4, 1830. From 1832 to 1843 Gallatin County was in the First Con- gressional District, seventeen counties having been constituted the Second District in 1882, but appears not to have been repre- sented in either branch of Congress during that time. In 1843, under the new apportionment, the Second District was composed of Johnson, Pope, Hardin, Williamson, Gallatin, Franklin, Ham- ilton, White, Wabash, Edwards, Wayne, Jefferson, Marion and Massac, and John A. McClernand was elected to represent the district in Congress from 1843 to 1851. Samuel S. Marshall was representative from 1855 to 1859, and John A. Logan from 1859 to 1863; William J. Allen (deceased) was elected in 1862, Samuel S. Marshall was again elected in 1864, and Green B. Raum in 1866. In 1868 John M. Crebs was elected, and aarain in 1870; in 1872 Samuel D. Marshall was elected. William B. Anderson then served one term when he was followed in 1877 by Hon. R. W. Townshend, who has been biennially elected ever since, and is a member of the L Congress. In 1852 the Ninth District was made to consist of the fol- lowing counties: Alexander, Pulaski, Massac, Union, Johnson, Pope, Hardin, Gallatin, Saline, Williamson, Jackson, Perry, Franklin, Hamilton, White, Wayne, Edwards and Wabash. In 1861 the Thirteenth District was composed of Alexander, Pulaski, Union, Johnson, Williamson, Jackson, Perry, Mas- sac, Pope, Hardin, Saline, Gallatin, White, Edwards and Wabash Counties. 46 GALLATIN COUNTY. In 1872 the Nineteenth District was made to consist of Edwards, Franklin, Hamilton, Gallatin, Hardin, Jefferson, Rich- land, Saline, White, Wabash and Wayne Counties; and in 1881, when the State was divided into twenty congressional districts, the Nineteenth was composed of White, Hamilton, Gallatin, Saline, Hardin, Franklin, Jefferson, Marion and Clinton Counties. ELECTION EETUENS. Following are some election returns and political data with- out much attempt at systematic arrangement. Gallatin County was represented in the first territorial Legislature, which con- vened at Kaskaskia, November 25, 1812, by Benjamin Talbott as a member of the Council, and by Alexander Wilson and Philip Trammel in the House of Representatives. In the Second Ter- ritorial Legislature Benjamin Talbott was again a member of the Council, and Philip Trammel and Thomas C. Browne were members of the House. The Legislature convened November 14, 1814, and passed an act incorporating Shawneetown. In the Third Territorial Legislature, which convened December 2, 1816, Gallatin County was represented in the Council by Thomas C. Browne, and by whom in the House the writer did not learn. MEMBERS OF CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION, ETC. According to an act of Congress, passed April 18, 1818, the people of the Territory of Illinois elected delegates to a con- vention to form a State constitution, the convention to meet on the first Monday (the 3d) of August. Michael Jones, Leonard White and Adolphus F. Hubbard were members of the conven- tion from Gallatin County. This first constitution was adopted, not by the people, but by the convention that framed it. The First General Assembly of the State of Illinois convened Monday, October 5, 1818, and there Avere present from Gallatin County HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 47 as member of the Senate, Michael Jones, and as members of the House of Bepresentatives, J, G. Daimwood, Adolphus F. Hub- bard, John Marshall and Samuel McClintock. The capital of the State was then at Kaskaskia; in 1820 it was removed to Vandalia, and when it was remov^ed to Springfield Shawneetown received one vote. The Second General Assembly convened at Vandalia, Tuesday, December 4, 1821, and upon the organiza- tion of the House John McLean was made spealker. When the second State government was inaugurated, Adolphus F. Hub- bard, of Gallatin County, presided over the Senate. Lieut. -Gov. Hubbard also presided over the Senate during the term com- mencing Monday, January 2, 1826, and John McLean was speaker of the House. During the term of the General Assembly which convened Monday, December 4, 1826, John A. McClernand was a member and also during the session which commenced Monday, December 1, 1828. The General Assembly which put in operation the famous internal improvement system convened December 15, 1836, and contained many members who after- ward attained to national distinction. During the session of 1835 William J. Gate wood was senator from Gallatin County. He was a man of eminent ability and earnestly opposed legis- lation in favor of railroads. MICHAEL JONES' EIDE. Michael Jones was a member of the House of Kepresenta- tives. The session was to open on Monday morning, and Jones was still in ShaAvneetown when the sun was tAvo hours high on Sunday morning. At that time there were no railroads ; not even the ShaAvneetown & Alton had then been built, and it was a matter of grave doubt as to Avhether Jones could reach Vandalia, 140 miles away, by the time of the opening of the Legislature Monday morning. Mr. Gate wood Avas anxiously looking all Sunday and late into Sunday night for Jones, but had to retire 48 GALLATIN COUNTY. without the joyful sight of his Democratic features. Next morn- ing, however, when Mr. Gatewood went down to breakfast, whom should his eyes behold but Michael Jones, as calmly seated at the breakfast table as if he had enjoyed the best of a night's sleep on a feather bed. Mr. Jones had successfully made the entire distance by relays of horses, 140 miles in twenty-two hours. ELECTION RETURNS. In 1858 John A. Logan was elected to Congress by a vote of 15,878 to 2,796 cast for David L. Phillips and 144 for William K. Parrish, and in 1860 John A. Logan was again elected by 20,863 votes to 5,207 for David T. Linegar and 165 scattering. In the Constitutional Convention of 1862 Milton Bartley, a member from Gallatin County, received 4,290 votes for Congress- man to 9,497 for William J. Allen (Democrat). In 1864 Andrew J. Kuykendall (Eepubljcan) was elected to Congress by a vote of 11,742 to 10,759 for William J. Allen (Democrat) and 57 for Mil- ton Bartley. In 1866 Green B. Kaum was elected by a vote of 13,- 459 to 12,890 for William J. Allen, and was defeated in 1868 by a vote of 14,261 to 14,764 for John M. Crebs. In 1866 John A. Logan was candidate at large for Congress against T. Lyle Dick- ey receiving in Gallatin County 649 votes to 936 for Dickey. The Eebellion had made Logan a Republican, hence he was not so popular in Gallatin County. Logan's vote in the other coun- ties, the histories of which are in this volume, was in Saline County 942 to Dickey's 988; Franklin County, 863 to Dickey's 1,049; Hamilton County, 602 to Dickey's 1,133, and Williamson County 1,245 to Dickey's 1,197. Logan was, however, elected by a vote of 203,045 to 147,038 cast for Dickey. In 1870 John M. Crebs was elected to Congress by a vote of 13,949 to 12,366 for David W. Munn (Republican). In 1872 Gallatin County was placed in the Nineteenth Congressional District and Samuel S. Marshall (Democrat) was elected to Congress over Green B. Raum by HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 49 a vote of 13,297 to 11,282. In 1874 William B. Anderson (Greenbacker) was elected to Congress by a vote in the district of 8,293, Samuel S. Marshall receiving 7,556, and Green B. Eaum 5,485. At this election Gallatin County cast for Anderson 753 votes, for Marshall 737, and for Eaum 400. In 1876 Eichard W. Townsheud was elected by 12,720 votes to 8,558 for Edward Bonham (Eepublican) and 7,463 for W. B. Anderson. In 1878 Townshend's vote was 12,603 to 8,190 for Eobert Bell, and 2,847 for Seth F. Crews; in 1880 it was 18,021 to 14,561 for C. W. Pavey (Eepublican) and 1,456 for Samuel Flan- nigan (Greenbacker); in 1882 it was 15,606 to 9,930 for George C. Eoss. In 1884 he was elected again by a vote of 18,296 to 13,553 for Thomas S. Eidgway. In 1886 Mr. Town- shend was elected by a vote of 16,326 to 11,974 cast for Martin, Eepublican candidate. Other election returns limited strictly to Gallatin County have been as follows: In 1830 John Eeynolds for governor received 672 votes; William Kinney, 372; Zadock Casey, for lieutenant-governor received 668 ; E. B. Slocumb, 349 ; for the State Senate: Timothy Guard, 656; Michael Jones, 366; for rep- resentative: J. E. Watkins, 747; W. J. Gatewood, 670; Jephtha Hardin, 316; Benjamin White, 285; for Sheriff: M. S. Davenport, 800; Harrison Wilson, 241. In 1840 Van Buren received 1,283 votes for President; Harrison, 500. In 1842 Thomas Ford re- ceived 1,160 votes as candidate for governor; Joseph Duncan, 441; for State senator Lane received 621; Leviston, 942; for representative John A. McClernand received 1,262 votes; Thomas S. Hick, 707 ; Flanders, 770; Stickney, 587; Elder, 578; Hopper, 338, and Eice, 373. In 1859 Thomas S. Hicks was again a member of the House from Gallatin County, James B. Turner in 1863, C. Burnett in 1869; in 1871 Simeon K. Gibson was a member of the Senate, and William G. Bowman in the House of Eepresentatives ; in 1873 J. E. Loomis was elected to the 50 GALLATIN COUNTY. House, and J. M. Wasson in 1875. For governor in 1880 Gal- latin County cast for S. M. Cullom 1,052 votes, Lyman Trumbull 1,567, and for A. J. Streeter (Greenbacker) 18. In 1882 the vote for the various officers was — Congress: Townshend, 1,555; Ross, 986; State senator: Blanchard (Democrat) 1,448; Morris (Re- publican) 1,043; representatives: Bowman (Democrat) 2,358; Gregg (Democrat) 2,198 ;Boyer (Republican) 1,429 ; McCartney (Republican) 1,469; county judge: E. D. Youngblood (Demo- crat) 1,302; Milton Bartley (Independent Democrat) 700; Rhoades (Republican) 460; sheriff: Bruce (Democrat) 1,425; Yost (Republican) 1,077; clerk of the county court: Silas Cook, 2,247, no opposition; treasurer: Mayhew (Democrat) 1,182; Smyth (Republican) 1,292. In 1886 the vote was as follows — State Treasurer: Ricker (Democrat) 1,579; Farmer (Republican) 1,240; congressman: townshend (Democrat) 1,722; Martin (Re- publican) 1,015; State senator: Richeson (Democrat) 1,454; Yost (Republican) 1,273; county judge: Youngblood (Democrat) 1,413; Bartley (Republican) 1,389; county clerk: Cook (Dem- ocrat) 1,671; Bailey (Republican) 1,142; sherifP: Hale (Dem- ocrat) 1,307; Nolen (Republican) 1,450; treasurer: Mayhew (Democrat) 1,433; Shaw (Republican) 1,392; county superin- tendent of schools: Proctor (Democrat) 1,511; Rodgers (Re- publican) 1,319; county commissioner: McLain (Democrat) 1,531; Allyn (Republican) 1,237; surveyor: Smyth (Democrat) 1,571; Smith (Republican) 1,268; for township organization, 1,189; against township organization, 1,343; for hogs and sheep running at large, 1,979; against the same, 628. EAILEOAD HISTORY. There are two railroads running into Gallatin County, and terminating at Shawneetown, the Louisville & Nashville and the Ohio & Mississippi, both using the same track from Cypress Junction. In 1838 the road from Shawneetown to Alton was HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 51 projected, and in 1840 John Crenshaw was awarded the contract on the section from Shawneetown and the grade was completed most of the way between Equality and Shawneetown. Afterward the Shawneetown and Eldorado Railway Company was char- tered, and to this road was granted the right of way, bridges, culverts, etc., of the old road which failed. In 1869 the St. Louis & Southeastern was chartered, and Joseph J. Castles be- came the owner of the Shawneetown & Eldorado Road from Shawneetown to Equality and gave that road to the St. Louis & Southeastern, and the county of Gallatin gave this latter company $100,000 in donation bonds and subscribed $100,000 to its stock, paying for the same in bonds. In 1880 the road was changed to the Louisville & Nashville. What is now called the Shawneetown Branch of the Ohio & Mississippi Railroad was built under the superintendency of Hon. Thomas S. Ridgway. Chief Engineer Rice made the first survey in 1868, and a second survey was made in 1870. To this railroad, which extends to Beardstown, Cass County, a dis- tance of 226 miles, Gallatin County contributed $100,000 in bonds. Ten thousand dollars of the $200,000 has been paid, and the $190,000 remaining funded at 6 per cent interest. THE AGKICULTUKAL ASSOCIATION, Gallatin County Agricultural and Mechanical Association was incorporated under an act approved April 18, 1872. M. M. Pool, John D. Richeson and A. M. L. McBane were the commissioners to open subscription books to the stock of the association, the stock amounting to $4,000. A meeting was held August 31. 1872, at which nine directors were elected and the foUoM'ing officers: President, M. M. Pool; vice-president, C. W. Mc- Gehee; secretary, A. M. L. McBane; treasurer, John D, Robin- son. The only changes in the officers since have been that in 1874 John L. Robinson became secretary, and in 1886 George 52 GALLATIN COUNTY. A. Lowe became treasurer. The association owns twenty-six acres of land in the edge of Shawneetown. It has held fifteen annual fairs, which have been largely attended by the farmers of the county, and have resulted in advancing all the various interests of the farming community; better stock, better farm machinery, improved methods of agriculture and superior re- sults as to variety and value of farm products, are noticeable on every hand. BENCH AND BAR. The common pleas court of Gallatin County held its first session in January, 1813, but the records commence in March of that year, and are as follows: " Pursuant to an act of the territorial Legislature passed at their last session, held at Kaskaskia on the 12th of Novem- ber, in the year 1812, 'regulating the time for holding the courts of common pleas in the several counties of said Territory and for other purposes,' the commission of his Excellency Ninian Edwards, governor of our said Territory, having been produced to Leonard White and Gabriel Greathouse, gentlemen, judges of our said court of common pleas for the county of Gallatin, by Joseph M. Street as clerk of said court of common pleas for the county of Gallatin in the Illinois Territory, and he having qualified as said clerk and entered into the ofiice bound with sufficient security, is duly constituted the clerk of said court, and on the 21st of March, 1813, being the fourth Monday in said month and the day appointed by the before recited act for holding the court of common pleas for the county of Gallatin aforesaid, the sheriff and clerk met at the house of Joseph M, Street in Shawanoe Town in the said county of Gallatin, and a sufficient number of judges not attending to constitute the court, the sheriff adjourned the same until to-morrow ; and now on the 22d of March, 1813, a sufficient number of judges not attending, court is adjourned until to-morrow; and now on the 23d of HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 53 March, 1813, a sufficient number of judges not attending, court is adjourned until court in course." This court met according to adjournment. May 24, 1813, at the house of Gabriel Greathouse in Shawanoe Town. " Present, the Honorable John C. Slocumb and Gabriel Greathouse, gentle- men." On this day it was ordered by the court that the pro- ceedings, had at a court of common pleas for this county, "on the fourth Monday in January last," and " on the 15th day of February, 1813, for a special purpose," present the above named judges, be entered of record as the proceedings of said court during the absence of Joseph M. Street, the clerk. At the January term of this court above referred to, the pro- ceedings, as disclosed by the records, consisted simply of the appointment of Benjamin R. Smith and Cornelius Lafferty over- seers of the poor for one year; and on February 15 the "special purpose" for which the court convened was that of the appoint- ment of Samuel Omelvaney commissioner to take a list of the taxable property in the county of Gallatin, and he was required to give an "office bond" for the faithful performance of his duties. On this same day the court, all of the judges being present, " Hon. J. C. Slocumb, Gabriel Greathouse and Leonard White, gentlemen," it was ordered that the following order of court of common pleas for the county of Randolph, in the Illinois Territory, made at the August term of said court in the year 1812, be renewed, and that Lewis Barker be entered in said order as one of the viewers instead of Col. Phillip Trammel. (Gallatin County Court of Common Pleas, May term, 1813, May 24) On the petition of a number of the inhabitants of Rock and Cave Township, praying for the establishment of a road from Barker's ferry at the Rock and Cave on the Ohio River, the nearest and best way to intersect the road from Kaskaskia to the United States Saline Springs at Francis Jourdan's; also for the establish- 54 GALLATIN COUNTY. ment of a road from said Barker's ferry to the United States Saline Works; and it appearing to the said court that the proper proofs were produced to the said court of Randolph County at their aforesaid term, that the notices required by law were duly given, it is ordered that Lewis Barker, Phillip Coon and Isaac Casey be appointed viewers on the route from the ferry to the United States Saline AVorks and that Francis Jourdan, Joseph Jourdan and Chishem Estes be appointed viewers on the route from the ferry to Francis Jourdan's, which said viewers are directed to view and mark out several routes for said roads on the nearest and best way and as near as may be to the request of the petitioners. On the next day. May 25, the court met pursuant to ad- journment, present, Hons. Leonard White, John C. Slocumb and Gabriel Greathouse, gentlemen. The county was laid off into townships as follows: The bounds of the militia companies were constituted the boundaries of the several town- ships. Capt. Steel's boundary shall constitute one township to be known by the name of Granpier; Capt. McFarland's to con- stitute one township to be known by the name of Big Creek ; Capt. Barker's to constitute one township to be known by the name of Rock and Cave: the company lately commanded by Capt. Trousdale to constitute one township to be known by the name of Shawanoe; Capt. White's to constitute one township to be known by the name of Saline; Capt. Grove's to constitute one township to be known by the name of Pond; and Capt. Mc- Henry's to constitute one township to be known by the name of Prairie Township. The following persons were then appointed constables for the respective townships: for Big Creek, Leonard Harrison; for Granpier, John Jackson; for Rock and Cave, Asa Ledbetter; for Shawanoe, John Forrester; for Saline, Seth Hargrave; for Pond, Joshua Beggs; and for Prairie Township, Reuben Bell. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 55 BUILDING OF THE JAIL. It was then ordered that a jail be built on the " publick square " in Shawanoe Town, and a "stray pen " established. The plan of the jail was as follows: "to consist of two stories, the first to be eight feet and the second seven feet high in the clear, to be built of good, sound white oak logs hewed to ten inches square, and put up with a dove-tail at the corners. The first story to be ten feet square in the clear, surrounded by another wall of the same description as the first, leaving a space of ten inches between the two walls, into which timbers of ten inches in thickness are to be dropped endwise and as close side to side as they can be placed. The second story to be at least thirteen feet, four inches square in the clear to be made by run- ning up the outer wall of the lower story perpendicularly to the height of seven feet, ten inches above the top of the first story; the floor of the first story, the floor of the second story, and the ceiling of the second story to be laid with good oak timbers ten inches in thickness let in with a shoulder upon the logs of the house." Other and minute particulars were prescribed as to the roof, the platform, the windows, doors, etc., but the above will serve to show the strength of this first criminals' rendezrv^ous of Gallatin County. Alexander Wilson, Michael Jones, Joseph M. Street, Cornelius Lafferty and Henry Oldham were appointed commissioners to contract for the building of the jail and the " stray pen." Phillip Coon was then appointed administrator upon the es- tate of George Coon (deceased), late of this county, and tavern rates were then fixed according to law, as follows: Breakfast, dinner and supper each, 25 cents ; lodging, 12^ cents ; horse to hay or fodder one night, 25 cents; oats or corn per gallon, 12^ cents; whisky per one-half pint, 12i cents; peach brandy, 25 cents; cherry bounce, 25 cents; French brandy, 50 cents; rum and tafia, 37^ cents; wine, 50 cents; gin, 25 cents; cider. 56 GALLATIN COUNTY. per quart, 12^ cents ; cider royal, 25 cents ; strong beer, 25 cents, and small beer, 12^ cents. Hazle Morelaud was then granted a license to keep tavern at his house, "as it appeared to the court that he was a man of good moral character and would probably keep an orderly house." His license was $7, the fee to the clerk $1, and his bond was $300. Gabriel Greathouse and Thomas M. Dorris were each granted licenses to keep tavern, the amount paid in each case being 312, and the clerk's fee being $1. Jephtha Hardin was ad- mitted to practice law at this court, he having a certificate from two of the judges of the general court of the Territory, and was thus the first lawyer admitted to practice at this bar. The next day, May 26, all the honorable gentlemen of the court being present, it was ordered among other things, that the rates of taxation for the year 1813 should be: For negroes, $1 each; horses, 50 cents each; all the ferries on the Ohio River, $10 each ; on the Saline, $5 each ; those on the Big Wabash, $4 each ; on the Little Wabash, $1 each, and that next above the mouth of the Saline Creek, $2. It was then ordered that the order of the common pleas court of Randolph County, establishing a road from the ferry at Shawanoe Town, to the United States Saline Salt Works, be renewed, and that John Robinson, Sr., be ap- pointed supervisor thereof from the Island Ripple to the said salt works, in the place of William Cheek, and that Hazle Moreland be appointed supervisor from the ferry in Shawanoe Town to the Island Ripple. Overseers of the poor were then appointed: in Prairie Township, John Hannah and Robert Lann ; in Gran- pier township, Isham Clay and Joseph Ritchy. It was then or- dered that stocks be erected for this county, and that their erec- tion be let at the same time and by the same persons as the jail and stray pen, " to be completed by the next term of this court." The next term of this court commenced September 27, 1813, present, the " Hon. John C. Slocumb and Gabriel Greathouse, HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 57 gentlemen." Charles Wilkins & Co. were granted a license to keep a tavern at the United States Saline Salt Works, by the payment of $12 to the county and $1 to the clerk. Belam May was licensed to keep a tavern at the Island Ripple, by the pay- ment of ^1, and John Davis to keep tavern at his house upon payment of $4 But the most important item of business trans- acted on this day had reference to the ferry at Shawneetown, and was as folllows: On motion of Alexander Wilson the following order, bond and certificate of the court of common pleas of Randolph Counly was spread upon the records: "Randolph County Court, December, 1810. — On the motion of Alex- ander Wilson, and satisfactory proof appearing to the court, it is ordered that the said Alexander Wilson be licensed and permitted to establish and keep a ferry across the Ohio River from the rocks near the upper end of Shawanoe Town and that he be allowed to charge the same rates of ferriage at the said ferry as is established for Fritz Holt's ferry across the Ohio, to-wit : For each wagon and team consisting of not more than four horses or oxen |1 50 For each wagon and team consisting of not more than two horses or oxen 1 00 Two-wheeled carriages, consisting of not more than two horses or oxen 75 Man and horse 50 Each person (children under seven excepted) 25 Each horse, mare, mule or ass 25 Each head of neat cattle 13i Each head of sheep or hogs 06i I, William C. Greenup, Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas, of the County of Randolph, Illinois Territory, do hereby certify that the above is a true tran- script from the records of the late County Court of Randolph, now in my office, and that the above named Alexander Wilson hath filed in my office a bond for the faithful discharge of his duty as the keeper of said ferry condi- tioned as the law directs. Given under my hand and the seal of the said Court, etc., this 3d day of August, 1813, etc. William C. Greenup. On motion of James McFarland, made in court September 28, 1813, and on the petition of a number of the inhabitants of Big Creek Township, praying for the establishment of a road from Mc- Farland's ferry to the United States Saline Salt Works, William Frizzell, Elias Jourdan, Peter Etter and Lewis Watkins were or- dered to mark out the several routes for said road upon the nearest and best way between the two points. The viewers at the last 58 GALLATIN COUNTY. (May) term of court to mark out a road from Barker's ferry, at the rock and cave to the United States Saline Salt Works, made the following report: " Agreeable to an order of the court of common pleas of Galla- tin County, May term, 1813, to have a road viewed from Barker's ferry to the United States Saline, we, the viewers, Lewis Barker, Phillip Coon and Isaac Casey, did begin at the said ferry and review from thence to Nathaniel Armstrong's; thence across Harris Creek to a large spring; thence to cross Eagle Creek just above the forks, and thence to the United States Saline." Henry Led- better and John B. Stovall were appointed overseers of said road, with power to call out all the hands on each side of said road within six miles of it, to cut it out and keep it in repair. Henry Ledbetter from the Ohio to Harris Creek, and John B. Stovall from Harris Creek to the Saline. On the next day James McFarland was licensed to keep a ferry across the Ohio Eiver from where he resided on land belonging to the United States until the sale of said public lands, or other disposition by the United States, and Frederick Buck, Jonathan Hampton, Samuel Craig, Dennis Clay and John Rhe- burne Avere ordered to view and mark out a road from Rhe- burne's ferry, on the Wabash, to Shawanoe Town. The above is the sum and substance^f the business transacted by the Galla- tin County Court of Common Pleas during the first year of its existence, 1813. Its accomplishments during the subsequent years of its career must be more briefly noticed. This court convened again January 19, 1814; present, "Hon. John C. Slocumb and Leonard White, Gentlemen." Russell E. Heacock's motion to grant an order for a ferry across the Ohio River on his improvement was continued to the next term of court and then overruled. The office of attornev or counsel for the courts was created, and Jephtha Hardin appointed to the position at an annual salary of ^50. The road from McFar- HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 59 land's ferry to the United States Saline Salt Works was established as follows: Beginning at McFarland's ferry; thence to Absalom Estes; thence to Nathan Clamhit's; thence to where Betty Pau- key lives on Big Creek; thence to Elias Jourdan's; thence to Lewis Watkins', taking the old road to Willis Hargrave's salt works. Prison bounds were established — a circle drawn at 200 yards' distance from the common jail, so as to make the jail the center. The reviewers reported that they had viewed and marked the road from Rheburne's ferry, on the Wabash, to Shawanoe Town, to the best of their ability and knowledge, " the nearest and best way." Frederick Buck was appointed supervisor of this road, which was ordered to be cut sixteen feet wide, and fence viewers were appointed, three for each township. On the 2d of May, 1815, Willis Hargrave, by Russell E. Heacock, his attorney, asked the court for the privilege of estab- lishing a ferry in Shawanoe Town, opposite Lots Nos. 1210, 1211 and 1212, and offered to prove by testimony the necessity of another ferry in Shawanoe Town, as a matter of public utility, but the court refused to hear the testimony, and also refused to hear proof that the petitioner had advertised according to law, "being themselves fully settled in the conviction that one ferry was enough to do all the ferrying there was to be done, as it was in their own knowledge." The court on the same day found it necessary to exercise its authority in another direction, by fining Jephtha Hardin, Thomas C. Browne, " for contempt offered this court." On the 5th of September, a number of citizens having pro- cured two lots in Shawanoe Town for the public square and for the erection of a courthouse and other public buildings. Lots No. 1113 and 1114. Thomas Sloo, John Caldwell and Joseph M. Street were appointed commissioners to let the building of the courthouse. Taxes for 1815 were fixed as follows: On each horse, mare, mule or ass, 50 cents; on all neat cattle above three years, 10 cents; on 60 GALLATIN COUNTY. every bond servant or slave, $1 ; on water and wind mills, houses in town, town lots, and mansions in the country of the value of $200, on each $100 of the value thereof, 30 cents; ferries on the Ohio River, $10, and on each of all other ferries, $5. This court met February 20, 1816, at the house of Charles Hill, in Shawanoe Town: present, Hons. Leonard White and John Marshall. On this day John McLean was admitted to prac- tice law. November 19, 1816, Stephen Hogg produced his com- mission from Gov. Ninian Edwards, as a judge of the Gallatin County Court. February 4, 1817, Hons. Stephen Hogg and Marmaduke S. Davenport held court. On November 23, 1818, the judges were Hons. John Marshall, John G. Daimwood and Andrew Wilkins. The next day there was present in ad- dition to the above honorable gentlemen, Erastus "Wheeler. A special term of this court was begun and held at the house of Samuel Hayes in Shawanoe Town, January 4, 1819; present, ^'John Marshall, John G. Daimwood and Samuel Hayes, Esquires." The court adjourned to meet on the 6th instant, at the house of Ephraim Hubbard, to settle the accounts of the sheriff and clerk. The total amount due the county from Ephraim Hubbard, sheriff, was $1,508,831 all of which he paid, except $316. 56i for which he gave his note. The total amount due the county from Joseph M. Street, clerk, was $454, and it was found that the county was in his debt $57.50. A court was held April 19, 1819, at the house of Samuel Hayes; present, "Jacob Sexton, Samuel Hayes, William McCoy and John Forrester, Esquires." The court proceeded to" lay off the county into five townships or elec- tion districts, with judges of election, as follows: Rock and Cave Township, John Black, Asa Ledbetter, and Alexander McElroy ; Shawanoe Township, Cornelius Lafferty, Andrew Stark and Samuel Hayes; Cane Creek, John Groves, Joseph Riley, and Mr. Stout; Saline Township, William Burnett, Eli Adams, and Cole- HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 61 man Brown ; Monroe Township, Hankerson Eude, Hugh Rob inson, and Chism Estes. THE COUNTY COMMISSIONERS' COURT. This appears to have been the last official act of the old court of common pleas. It was succeeded by the county commis- sioners' court, Avhicli held its first meeting on June 7, 1819, at the house of Samuel Hayes in Shawanoe Town. Present, John Forrester, John Lane and Robert Peeples, Esqs. Joseph M. Street, as clerk of the court, gave bond in the sum of ^1,000, with Cornelius LafPerty and Marmaduke S. Davenport as sureties. The first action of this new court was to appoint su- pervisors for the different roads: William McCoy, Brice Han- nah, Martin Hitchcock, Joseph Riley, Frederick Buck, Christo- pher Robinson, Michael Bartlett, Meredith Fisher and Moses Rawlings on the various roads already laid out. On the 9th of June Thomas A. Spilman was appointed deputy clerk of the county commissioners' court. Tavern rates and rates of ferriage were fixed for the year. Constables were appointed: James Beal for Monroe Township: Michael Robinson for Shawanoe; Joseph Riley for Cave, and Arthur G. Young for Saline Township. Isaac Baldwin, John Black, Neil Thompson and Alexander McElroy, reviewers appointed by the late county court, reported having laid out a road from Flinn's Ferry, on the Ohio River to the Saline tavern, and the court ordered that the road be established as a public highway. HugliMcConnell was appointed supervisor on this road from Flinn's Ferry to Powell's cabins; Isaiah L. Potts from Powell's cabins to include the crossing of Beaver Creek ; John Black from Beaver Creek to Eagle Creek, and Rob- ert Watson from Eagle Creek to its intersection with the road from Shawanoe Town to the Saline tavern. Supervisors were appointed for other roads and reviewers to mark out new roads, the par- ticulars of which would be burdensome to this volume. One 62 - GALLATIN COUNTY. other item should not be omitted, and that is that billiard tables were taxed $150 each. A settlement was made March 11, 1820, with Marmaduke S. Davenport, sheriff of the county, the total amount due the county being $1,567,264; and also with John G. Daimwood, county treasurer, whose total collections for the year had been $1,628.20^. The next year, in June, a settlement was made with the sheriff, which showed that he had collected $1,34:8.50, taxes due for 1820. In March, 1822, the treasurer's statement showed that he had handled $641. 19|, but in 1823 the amount reached $2,564.97. Dr. AYilliam McCoy was treasurer in 1825; and in 1826 Dr. Henry Boyer, sheriff, collected for the year previous, $2,070,214. In 1827, in pursuance of an act entitled " An act requiriug the county commissioners' court of Gallatin County to carry into effect an act entitled an act permanently to locate the seat of justice of Gallatin County," approved January 26, 1827, a county commissioners' court was held at the house of Emanuel Ensminger in the town of Equality, which was located and laid out under the provisions of said act, on the first Monday in March, 1827. The commissioners at that time were Andrew Slack, John Shearer and Charles Mick ; and on the 6th of March they ordered that the county treasurer pay Josiah Solomon $572,624 in specie, or its equivalent, for building a courthouse and jail. The first writ of ad quod damnum issued by this court was on March 10, 1837. Orval Sexton made application to the court to confirm him in a " mill seat" on the Big Slough, running through fractional Section 32, Township 9, Range 10 east. James Brad- ford appeared and informed the court that he expected to be injured by the overflowing of his lands should the "mill seat" be confirmed. The verdict of the jury upon the case was that the application to confirm the mill seat be overruled, and that HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 63 he pay the costs. Mr. Sexton then applied for a new writ of ad quod damnum on his aforesaid land, to be near the mouth of Big Slongh, which was awarded him accordingly ; the jury, decid- ing that the health of the neighborhood would not be injuriously affected, and believing that the mill would be of great public utility, agreed that he might build a dam at the mouth of Big Slough. Harvey Green was permitted to build a mill dam on the Eunning Slough, Section 3, Township 9, Kange 10, and John Tanner on the Saline River, near the center of the northeast quarter of Section 19, Township 10, Range 5 east. In 1840 John Lane, Thomas Tong and Joseph Hayes were appointed commissioners to let to the lowest, responsible bidders the building of the new jail at Equality, the county seat having been removed there. The building was to be similar to that already described as having been erected at Shawneetown, ex- cept that it was larger, 20 feet, 4 inches square. Benjamin Lafferty took the contract to build it for |1,300. In 1843 it was ordered by this court that a poorhouse be established at the house of Turner Cook "for the purpose of trying the poorhouse plan of taking care of paupers for one year, to commence in March next," and an appropriation of |60 per annum was made for each pauper that should stay the full year. LOCATION OF COUNTY SEAT. The act establishing the county of Saline was approved Feb- ruary 25, 1847, and it was provided that in case the county of Saline was established in accordance therewith, elections should be held in the counties made by the division, on the first Saturday of September following for the location of the seats of justice for the two counties, and that previous to the election any number of voters not less than fifty, should nom- inate places to be voted for, and file their nominations in the office of the county commissioners' court. John E. Hall, and 64 GALLATIN COUNTY. sixty-one others in Gallatin County, designated in writing, the northwest quarter of the southwest quarter of Section 5, Town- ship 9, Range 9 east, land owned by Washington Sherwood, as a proper place for the seat of justice of Gallatin County, and the nomination Avas filed in the county commissioners' court as re- quired by law, August 12, 1847. Eobert H. Morrow and 114 others, in a similar manner, designated in writing and nominated as a proper place for the seat of justice, Lots Nos. 815 and 816 in the town of Shawneetown, and this nomination was accom- panied with bond and security for the conveyance to the county of the title of said lots ; and these were the only places in nomina- tion for the county seat. The election for the choice of one of these places was held on the first Saturday of September, 1847, and Daniel P. AVilbanks, clerk of the county commissioners' court, on the 10th of September, associated with himself Israel D, Towle and John T. Cook, justices of the peace, and they, as judges of the election, opened the poll books, compared the re- turns and certified to the result as being, that the place nominated by John E. Hall and sixty-one others had received 459 votes, while that nominated by Robert H. Morrow and 114 others, had received but twenty-one votes. Hence, on the popular vote, Shawneetown was beaten for the county seat. However, on the 26th of October, 1847, Samuel D. Marshall made a motion in the circuit court for a rule upon the circuit court clerk, requiring him to forthwith remove the circuit court records to ShaAvnee- town, and in support of the motion produced a certificate of the clerk of county commissioners' court and two justices of the peace of Gallatin County, stating that Shawneetown had received a majority of the votes of said county for the seat of justice thereof, at an election by the people. At the same time Henry W. Moore produced against the motion, a certificate of entry ou the records of the county commissioner's court, of said county, signed by the same two justices of the peace, setting forth that a HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 65 tract of land therein described, donated by Washington Sher- wood, had received the highest number of votes at the same elec- tion; and the motion of S. D. Marshall was disallowed. At the March term in 1848 of the county commissioners' court the following proceedings were had with reference to this matter : " The circuit court of Gallatin County at its last term, having de- cided that Shawneetown was then the seat of justice of said county,* thereupon ordering the books, records, etc., pertaining to the various county offices required by law to be kept at the seat of justice, to be removed to Shawneetown, which decision has been reversed by the supreme court of the State ; and this court, being now, as heretofore, likewise of the opinion that Shawneetown is not the legally elected seat of justice, and therefore concurring entirely, as bound to do, in the decision of reversal of the supreme court and acquiescing in the other decision of said circuit court remaining unreversed by which at its last term it refused to hold the same at Shawneetown, deciding to hold said term wherever it might find the records thereof remaining pursuant to the order of this court, and did accordingly hold said term at Equality, where the books, records, etc., now are, and where they should remain until the dispute concerning this matter shall be finally and conclusively adjudicated." And the sheriff was ordered to repair the courthouse and prepare it for the holding of the next term of court at Equality. A county commissioners' court was held at Equality, June 5, 184:8, but a regular term of this court was held at the office of Isaac Cooper in Shawneetown, September 4, 1848. On the 8tli John Reynolds was requested to remove the records, books, and papers to Shawneetown, or his office would be declared vacant, and that after the 10th of September the room he occupied in the courthouse at Equality would be for rent. A similar notice was served on James Davenport, probate justice, and Calvin Gold, clerk of the county commissioners' court, *This decision was not found on the lecords. 66 GALLATIN COUNTY. was authorized to rent a suitable building for tlie use of the cir- cuit and county courts and for other offices for one year. On October 3, 1848, James W. Trousdale, county treasurer, was or- dered to remove his office to Shawneetown or his office would be declared vacant, and Calvin Gold had entered into a contract with E. J. Durbin by which Durbin was to have the upper story of the depot ready for the occupancy of the courts by the 23d of October. The county clerk was then instructed to notify D. P. AVilbank, clerk of the circuit court, James Davenport, probate justice and John Eeynolds, recorder had leased and held ready suitable rooms for the public offices when applied for. Thus the contest waged for years, until at length the Legis- lature passed an " act to create the county of Gallatin out of Gallatin and Saline," and in the same act provided that the county seat should be permanently located at Equality. This act was to take effect on the fourth Monday in April, 1851. Samuel S. Marshall was then judge of the Twelfth Judicial Cir- cuit, of which Gallatin and Saline Counties formed parts. Under this law, consolidating the two counties, Judge Marshall refused to hold a term of court in Saline County. Thereupon William K. Stephenson, in the name of the people, made an application to the supreme court for a peremptory mandamus, ordering the judge to hold court in Saline County, and upon a hearing of the cause, a peremptory mandamus was granted, the decision of the supreme court being based upon the clause of the constitution reading: "No territory shall be added to any county without the consent of a majority of the voters of the county to which it is proposed to be added." The Legislature, therefore, in June, 1852, passed an act amending the above act, providing for an election to be held on the first Monday in August, 1852, to test the question of reuniting the two counties and providing that if the election should result in favor of such reunion, then Equality should be the permanent county seat. However, the HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. b< election resulted in the permanent separation of the two counties. Under the constitution of 1848 the old county commissioners' court was superseded by the system of county judge and two as- sociate justices. The first judge under this arrangement was James Davenport, elected in 1849; the next was William E. Kohrer, elected in 1853; A. AV. Hamilton, 1857; K. P. Hinch, 1859; William G. Bowman, 1861; Angus M. L. McBane, 1165; Milton Bartley, 1869-82, and E. D. Youngblood from 1882 to the present time (1887). Under the constitution of 1870 the above system was so changed that a county board was pro- vided for, to consist of three commissioners, to manage the county affairs. These commissioners have been, in 1873, John T. Wal- ters, Benjamin Kinsall and Thomas J. Tate; elected since, in 1874, James T. Colbert; 1875, Edgar Mills and Eobert M. Trousdale; 1876, James T. Colbert and R McClain; 1879, E. M. Smith and Isaac Smith; 1880, Thomas B. Logsdon; 1881, J. A. Lane; 1882, Simon Reeder; 1883, W. C. Trusty; 1884, Henry Hill; 1885, Simon Reeder, and 1886, F. McClain. THE CIRCUIT COURT. The first term under the circuit court system held in Gal- latin County, so far as the records show, was convened at the house of Joseph M. Street, in Shawneetown, Monday, July 3, 1815, by the Hon. Stanley Griswold. This county was then in the Third Judicial Circuit; Jesse B. Thomas was judge in the First Circuit and William Sprigg in the Second. Judge Griswold gave notice that in the course of the term he would prepare a paper consenting to the above arrangement, but , remonstrating against the mode in which said arrangement was made, and saving himself from the effect of his present consent as a precedent to guide him in future allotments. Thomas C. Browne procured a commission from His Excellency Ninian Edwards, governor of the Territory, appointing the said Browne prosecuting attorney b» GALLATIN COUNTY. on behalf of the Territory to the district consisting of the counties of Edwards, Gallatin and Johnson, which commission, together with the endorsement of the governor, was recorded and Thomas E. Craig was empowered to administer the necessary oaths. The first case in the circuit court was that of William Ed- wards vs. Daniel Bridgeman, in detinue. On motion of the plaintiff a dedimus was awarded him to take the deposi- tion of William EdAvards, Sr., and Matthew AVest, to be read on the trial, and all further proceedings were continued to the next term of court. The second case was that of John Carter vs. William Cheek, on a debt; the third was that of the United States vs. Buzle Lee, John G. Wilson and Moses M. Eawlings, on a recognizance. On motion of the plaintiff's attorney a sch'e facias was issued against the said defendants, returnable at the next term of court. The fourth and last case for that day was that of Frederick Buck vs. John Walls. The defendant moved for leave to file a plea, which motion was agreed to and the case continued until the next term of court. The grand jury was ad- journed and the court adjourned until next day, July 4, when eight ordinary cases, such as for debt, trespass, etc., were dis- posed of. On July 5 there were ninety -three cases of various kinds and on the 6th only five, when court adjourned. A circuit court was held at the house of Thomas M. Dorris, in Shawanoe Town, July 1, 1816, by Hon. Thomas Towles, with the same judges as before on the First and Second Circuits. Judge Towles laid down rules for the government of the court in the trial of causes. The November term was held at the same place by the same judge, as also were those of 1817, The March term, 1818, was held at the house of William Harding by Judge Jephtha Hardin, as was also the July term. The May term, 1819, was held at the house of Samuel Hayes, in Shawanoe Town, by Hon. Thomas C. Browne. At this term William Badger, HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 69 William L. O. Ewing and Thomas A. Young were admitted to practice law. The October term was held at the house of Mar- maduke S. Davenport by Hon. William Wilson. Most of the cases at this term were "upon an indictment," sued out in the name of the United States. The May term, 1820, was held at the house of Peeples & Kirkpatrick, in Shawanoe Town, by Hon. Thomas C. Browne, as was the October term, the May term, 1821, and the May and October terms, 1822. The April term, 1823, was held at the house of Moses M. Kawlings by the same judge. At this term the principal case was that of the President and Directors of the Bank of Illinois vs. John Seebolt. Then followed a number of cases of assault and battery, one for riot, one for usurpation in office, for debt, for trespass, for non-attend- ance as a juror, for slander, etc. The first murder trial came on before Hon. Thomas C. Browne, judge of the Fourth Judicial Circuit, which then con- sisted of Franklin, Union, Johnson, Alexander, Pope, Jackson and Gallatin Counties, September 16, 1823. In this trial John Darr was tried for the murder of William Thomasou. The grand jury was composed of Isaac Hogan, Michael Jones, Gardner Morel and, Stephen Fields, Robert Harding, Thomas Akers, William Robinson, James Willis, Sr., Coleman Brown, William Forrester, James Logan, Robert Beale, William Wing, Andy Laughlin, Laban Robinson, Edward Shear wood, Townsend Can- non, David Gill and William Gardner, "good and lawful men of the county and circuit aforesaid." The substance of the indict- ment was that "John Darr, late of the county of Gallatin, not having the fear of God before his eyes, but being moved and seduced by the instigation of the Devil, on the 7th day of Sep- tember, 1823, with force and arms, feloniously, willfully and of his malice aforethought," made an assault upon William Thom- ason with a certain knife held in his right hand and did stab him in the right side to the depth of eight inches, of which wound 70 GALLATIN COUNTY. William Tbomason instantly died. James Hall prosecuted for the State, The jury for the trial were James Fields, Alexander Barnhill, John McAlister, Boston Daimwood, Lowery Hay, Thomas Addison, John B. Shoemaker, James Stephenson, Zadock Aydelotte, Pleasant Tally, Spencer Ellis and James McGhee. The verdict of the jury was " We, the jury, find the defendant, John Darr, guilty of murder in the manner and form as he stands indicted." The next indictment for murder was found on the same day the above verdict was rendered, and was against Jordan Lacy. In this case the jury rendered a verdict of guilty of manslaugh- ter, and sentenced Lacy to imprisonment in the jail for one year, and to pay a fine of $500, and to stand committed until the fine was paid. Then followed a number of ordinary cases — slander, false imprisonment, trespass vi et arm is, assault and battery, re- plevin, scire facias, rape, etc. On March 14, 1825, the Hon. James Hall, judge of the Fourth Judicial Circuit, held court at the house of Richard Elliott in Shawanoe Town. Joseph M. Street was still clerk, bond $5,000; Henry Eddy, circuit attorney. An interesting case occurred at the July term (1825) of this court, in which the fictitious personages, John Doe and Richard Roe, were permitted to figure. It was that of "John Doe " vs. "Richard Roe;" Henry Eddy, attorney for the plaintiff, James Jones' date July, 1825. This was a suit for ejectment against tenants in posses- sion of a farm, houses, etc., in the town of Shawnee, the tenants in possession being Henry Boyers, John Milne, John Reid and John Smothers. The suit was brought before Hon. James E. Wattles, judge of the Fifth Judicial Circuit, and was contin- ued until the next term of the court, which convened March 8, 1826. It was now heard by Hon. James Hall, judge of the Fourth Judicial Circuit. The same parties, as named above, were attached to answer John Doe of a plea whereupon they, the de- HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 71 f endants, with force and arms entered in five messuages, five barns and five outhouses and the lot and grant and one acre of land with the appurtenances situated and being in Shawneetown, etc. The case was again continued until the next term of court, held at Equality May 22, 1827, by Hon. Thomas C. Browne, defen- dants entered a plea of not guilty, and both parties to the suit "put themselves upon the country," McLean & Grundy for de- fendants and Hardin & Eddy for plaintiffs. "Whereupon plain- tiffs' attorney filed a notice in the following woids and figures to wit: Mr. McLeax, Sir: You are required to produce in the trial of the case of Doe vs. Henry Boyers et al., the certificate granted hy the register of the land oflSce at Shaw- neetown to John A. Wilson, assignee of the heirs of Alexander Wilson, deceased. Hardin & Eddt. Thereupon came the following jury: Joseph Eeynolds, William Mills, John Choisser, James Cairns, Robert Keith, Eobert Henderson, A. T. McCool, T. Guard, John Crenshaw, A. P. S. "Wight, John Seebolt and John Berry; but before the jury had time to render a verdict, the defendant filed a motion for a nonsuit, which being allowed, the court adjudged the costs against the plaintiff. On the 12th of September, 1825, James O. "Wattles sat as judge in consequence of Hon. James Hall being engaged in some of the cases before the couit. John Norman, John Frazier, John Lincoln, John B. Ellis, John Ellis and James Davis were found guilty of rioting, and fined ^15 each. Hon. James 0. Wattles served until the close of the September term of that year, and on the second Monday of January, 1826, Hon. James Hall resumed his seat upon the bench. Hon. James O. Wattles presided again at the September term, 1826. at which term James Caldwell, a subject of the king of Great Britain, was naturalized, which was probably the first case in Gallatin County. The May term, 1827, was held at the courthouse in Equality, by Hon. Thomas C. Browne, Leonard White, clerk. 72 GALLATIN COUNTY. An important case was that of the president and directors of the State Bank of Illinois vs. Hazle Moreland for the fore- closure of a mortgage. This action was commenced by scire facias in the Gallatin Circuit Court on a mortgage executed to plaintifPs and recorded according to law. The defendant de- murred to the scire facias, and judgment was rendered for the defendant. The case was then taken to the supreme court, Hon. William Wilson, chief justice; Theophilus W. Smith and Samuel D. Lockwood, associate justices. The supreme court quoted the 18th section of an act passed January 17, 1825, concerning judgments and executions as follows: If default be made in the payment of any sum of money secured by mortgage.on lands and tenements duly executed and recorded, and if the pay- ments be by installments and the last shall have become due, it shall be lawful for the mortgagee to sue out a writ of scire facias from the Clerk's office of the Circuit Court, in which the said mortgaged premises maybe situated on any part thereof. If language is comprehensive enough to authorize this pro- ceeding by scire facias, the Legislature certainly employed it in this statute, and the supreme court decided that the mortgagee was allowed to proceed by scire facias. The case was, therefore, remanded to the Gallatin Circuit Court, which at its May term 1829, judged that the scire facias had been duly executed and that the plaintiff recover of the defendant $400, and that the southeast quarter of Section 34, Township 9, Range 9, be sold to satisfy the judgment. The State Bank won a similar suit against Harrison Wilson. Hou Thomas C. Browne presided in this circuit court from 1827 to 1834. April 6 Hon. Alexander F. Grant, judge of the Third Judi- cial Circuit, presided, holding that term ; Hon. Justin Harlan presided in October, and Judge Grant in November, 1835. April 4, 1836, Judge Jephtha Hardin began a term of this court; on the 5th Thomas Pickering was indicted for selling cards and for playing cards; Stephen Blackman for keeping a gaming HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 73 house, and Jacob Cummins for playing cards. Thomas Picker- ing was on the 20th of July acquitted of selling cards, and on the 25tli plead guilty of playing cards and gambling, and was fined 310. Hon. Walter B. Scates, held court at the April term, 1837, commencing April 3, and on the 8th Peter Hardin was found guilty of murder and sentenced to death. September 23 Isom Franklin was found guilty of manslaughter and the court passed the following sentence: "You are to be remanded to jail, to be taken thence to the penitentiary at Alton, there to re- main two years and eleven calendar months at hard labor, and one calender month in solitary confinement, and to be fined $1." Hon. Walter B. Scates continued to preside in this court until 1846, when he was succeeded by Hon. William A. Denning in 1851, in Avhich year Hon. Samuel S. Marshall became judge of the Twelfth Judicial Circuit. The May term, 1851,. was held by Judge Marshall at the courthouse in Equality, and the Sep- tember term, 1851, at the courthouse in Shawneetown. About this time for a number of years, both before and after, there were numerous indictments against various parties for kidnaping, which crime may be found discussed in another place. A special term of this court was begun February 16, 1852, for the trial of chancery cases, Judge Samuel S. Marshall on the bench. At the October term of 1854, Hon. Downing Baugh presided. On the 30th of this month Sanford Browning was found guilty of manslaughter and sentenced to the penitentiary for seven years at hard labor. At this term also H. K. Starkey was sentenced to be hanged, but was acquitted at a new trial. At the June term of 1855, Hon. Downing Baugh also presided, but was succeeded in October, 1855, by Hon. Edwin Beecher. At the May term of 1857, Hon. Wesley Sloan was judge. At this term was commenced one of the most remarkable murder trials that have taken place in any country, remarkable because of the almost if not quite absolute lack of provocation, because of the high stand- 74 GALLATIN COUNTY. ing of the murdered man, and of his family, and because of it be- ing one of the first of the kind, since numerous cases in which the insane plea of emotional insanity has^ resulted in a verdict of acquittal. The murdered man, John E. Hall, at the time clerk of the circuit court, was without a moment's warning shot in the back by Robert C. Sloo in 1856. The jury before whom the case was tried was as follows: Joseph Grayson, George McMurchy, Jesse Jenkins, William Hargrave, Sterling Edwards, Wesley Brown, Jesse Johnson, A. H. Cook, Bethuel Cook, William Will- iams, Andrew J. Cowan and Allen Robinett. Logan (John A.), Allen, Robinson and Posey were the attorneys for the people, and Davis, Swett, Crockett, Freeman and McCallen, for the de- fense. The verdict of the jury was as follows: "We, the jury, find the defendant not guilty," it was therefore " ordered and adjudged by the court, that the defendant, Robert C. Sloo, is not guilty of the charge alleged in the indictment in this case against him, and that he be discharged without day." Hon. Wes- ley Sloan continued to preside in this court until the May term, 1867, and was succeeded at the October term by Hon. Andrew D. Daff. The circuit of which this county formed a part was changed to the Nineteenth in 1863, and to the Twenty-sixth in 1867, and Judge Duff continued to preside until 1873. He was followed at the February term, 1874, by Hon. Tazewell B. Tanner, when the circuit became the Twenty-fourth. At the No- vember term, 1877, the circuit was changed to the Second, and Hon. James C. Allen presided in Gallatin County. At the March term of 1878, the judge was Hon. John H. Halley, and at the May term, Hon. James C. Allen ; at the November term, 1878, and the May term, 1879, Hon. T. B. Tanner; at the September term, 1879, and the February term, 1880, Hon. Chauncey S. Conger ; at the September term, 1880, Hon. William C. Jones; at the February term, 1881, the September term, 1881, the February and September terms, 1882, and the HISTOKY OF ILLINOIS. 75 February term, 1883, Hon. Chauncey S. Conger; at the Sep- tember term, 1883, Hon. William C. Jones; at the February term, 1884, Hon. Thomas S. Casey; at the September term, 1884, and the April term, 1885, Hon. Chauncey S. Conger; at the September term, 1885, and the February term, 1886, Hon. Carroll C. Boggs; at the September term, 1886, Hon. C. S. Conger; and the February term, 1887, Hon. Carroll C. Boggs. To give a complete list of the murder trials in this county would be unnecessary in a volume of this character, as they have been quite numerous, indicating a much more than ordinar- ily perturbed condition of society, lasting through a long series of years. The Aiken murder trial, however, can not be passed un- noticed. John Aiken killed Augustus Stewart in March, 1864, in White County, and was committed to jail at Carmi, but broke jail and was not captured until 1877, and then through the efforts of Thomas I. Porter, sheriff of White County, one of the quietest and most courageous of men. A change of venue was taken to Gallatin County, where the trial took place before the following jury: John B. Walters, John H. Crow, Will- iam Willis, Jasper Bowling, Thomas Frohock, Albert Hill, A. M. Hannah, James J. Williams, John M. Thomas, John Fitz- gibbon, William R. Tate and John Wilde. The verdict of the jury was as follows: "We, the jury, find the defendant guilty of murder and fix the punishment at death." A motion was made for a new trial, and on the hearing of that motion it was devel- oped that the jurors, before arriving at their verdict as recorded above, had all been in favor of finding him guilty of murder, but one of them was opposed to the infliction of the death penalty. As this one would not yield his opposition to this penalty, it was arranged that two members of the jury, the one opposed to hang- ing and another, unwilling to agree to anything else, should draw straws for a verdict, the long straw to win. The result of the drawing was that the juror unalterably in favor of hanging- 76 GALLATIN COUNTY. drew the long straw, and hence the fixing by the jury of the death penalty. Upon the development of this fact, a new trial was granted, and the jury which had adopted the novel method recounted above of arriving at a verdict were punished as follows : the four engaged in the drawing of the straws, the one who pro- cured them, the one who held them and the two who drew them were fined, three of them being fined ^100 each, one of them ^50 and the remainder of the jury were acquitted. Upon the second trial the following were the jury: John Es- kew, Samuel Simpkins, Thomas Martin, Richard Sweeney, Ed- ward Young, Moses McDonald, James A. Jones, William Clay- ton, George B. Stilly, Price Williams, Charles Mock and Thomas McKee. They brought in a verdict of guilty of murder and fixed the punishment at imprisonment in the penitentiary at hard labor for life. The accomplices of Aiken, Henry and Charles Glide have not been apprehended. Three men have been hanged for murder in Gallatin County, the first of which occurred before the State was admitted into the Union. In this case Martin Frazier was hanged for the murder of Mr. Dryden. Frazier had been on criminally intimate terms with Mrs. Dryden and it was because of this intimacy that Dry- den was killed. The murder was committed with an axe while Dryden was milking a cow. His body was buried under his smokehouse and such means as suggested themselves were tak- en by Mrs. Dryden to prevent the discovery of the body. At the expiration of about two weeks, during which time the entire community supposed he had voluntarily left the country never to return, his body was found under the smokehouse, some say by means of an old lady's dream, others through the observations of some boys who noticed an unusual number of flies going down through and coming up through the cracks in the smokehouse floor. Upon the discovery being made, Frazier, who had as- siduously assisted to find traces of the missing man, immediately HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 77 started ou a full run for the woods, thus coufessiug himself the cause of Dryden's mysterious disappearance. Pursuit on foot and on horseback was promptly made by a number of citizens, who rode and ran rapidly toward the fords across Hardin Creek on the Saline mines road, and on the Tally's ferry road. Frazier made for the Big Bend between the two fords, but no one sup- posed it possible for him to escape because of the extremely soft nature of the sides and bottom of the creek, in which, as some have expressed it, "a mosquito would mire." Frazier ran with all possible speed toward a comparatively narrow place in the creek, where the banks on either side were high and dry, and to the sur- prise of all, made a running leap and cleared the creek, though the distance, as afterward measured, was a trifle over twenty-two feet from toe to heel. He then ran for a herd of cattle and, placing himself in a stooping posture on the opposite side of a large steer, endeavored thus covered to escape to a canebrake not far dis- tant, and would have succeeded but for the keen eyes of a boy who accompanied the pursuing party, and who remarked that " that old red steer, it seems to me, has too many fore legs." This led to a rapid chase by horsemen who succeeded in sur- rounding and capturing the fugitive, who was tried for the mur- der, convicted, sentenced to death and hanged. Two other hangings for murder are all that have occurred in the county, though a large number of murders have been committed. The last murder trial was that of James Switzer for the killing of John J. Eamsey, the trial occurring at the Feb- ruary term, 1887, of the circuit court, the accused being con- victed and sentenced to the penitentiary for twenty years. Some of the ablest attorneys furnished to the State of Illinois have been members of the Gallatin County bar. Among them may be mentioned Jephtha Hardin, the first one admitted to practice, as elseAvhere appears ; Henry Eddy, William J. Gatewood, S. D. Marshall, John A. McClernand; John Mc- 78 GALLATIN COUNTY. Lean, one of the brightest minds of Illinois ; Thomas C. Browne, later one of the supreme judges of the State ; Russell E. Heacock, afterward a prominent lawyer of Chicago ; Elias Kent Kane, John A. Logan, Robert G. Ingersoll, A. G. Caldwell, and, occasionally, Abraham Lincoln. The present bar consists of E. D. Young- blood, Roedel & Sisson, Bowman & Pillow, Bartley & Son» Parrish Bros., D. M. Kinsall and R. W. Townshend, the latter member of Congress from the Nineteenth District. MILITARY HISTORY. For the Mexican war Illinois raised six regiments, a larger number than was raised in any other State. The Third Regi- ment was composed of ten companies, one of which was raised in Gallatin County. Of this company, Michael K. Lawler was captain, and Samuel D. Marshall, major. The Third Regi- ment was commanded by Col. Forman. Subsequently Capt. Michael K. Lawler raised a company of dragoons in Gallatin County. Thus Gallatin County performed her full share in the war for the annexation of Texas. When the slaveholders' Rebellion oroke out there was, in southern Illinois, a large number of people in favor of peace so long as there was any hope in their minds of preventing a disso- lution of the Union by peaceful measures; and besides these there was a large number of people who were so fully in sympa- thy with the Rebellion that they not only deprecated war upon the South to prevent secession being consummated, but they opposed the war with all their influence and even favored the secession of southern Illinois from the Union, and the union of its fortunes with those of the Southern States. This was owing to the fact that a large number of the early settlers were origi- nally from the Southern States, as has been shown elsewhere, and they and their descendants were generally, though not universally, admirers of the chivalry of the South, and of the peculiar institu- HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 81" tion of slavery, and they were fully convinced that it was consti- tutional to destroy the Constitution, along with the Government of the Constitution, for the sake of the perpetuation of that pecul- iar institution; though, as was just intimated, there were South- ern men, some from Kentucky, some from Virginia, whose names might be given, who expressed the opinion to leaders in the South- ern movement, that the movement would not only fail, but that it would end in the death of slavery, in whose interest it was in part inaugurated. That southern Illinois did not join the South- ern Confederacy, or, at least attempt to do so, is due as much to the attitude and patriotism of John A. Logan, as to the efforts of any other man, and it was also due to his influence that many of the counties in southern Illinois should have assumed the appar- ently paradoxical position of being so largely in favor of seces- sion and yet, at the same time, furnishing so many soldiers to the Union Army as to avoid the drafts all through the war. In 1861 the entire number of persons in the county subject to military duty was 1,311:, and in 1862 it was 1,063, The quota of the county in 1861 was 214, and in 1862 it was 146. Under the calls for 700,000 men February 1, and March 14, 1864, it was 240, and under the call for 500,000 men July 18, 1864, it was 186. Prior to December 31, 1864, the entire quota of the county was, as enumerated above, 786, and the entire number furnished to the army by that time was 1,358, or 572 in excess of all calls. Prior to December 31, 1865, the entire quota of the county was 1,358, and the entire credit of the county 1,362, or just 4 in excess of the number called for by the Government. In 1865 the number of persons subject to military duty was 1,343. The soldiers who thus volunteered were distributed in larger or smaller numbers among different regiments. Most of the soldiers who volunteered from this county joined the Eighteenth Infantry, the Twenty-ninth Infantry or the Sixth Cavalry, and 82 GALLATIN COUNTY. it is deemed sufficient to present brief sketches of these regi- ments in this connection. THE EIGHTEENTH EEGIMENT. The Eighteenth Regiment was originally officered as follows: Colonel, Michael K. Lawler, of Gallatin County; lieutenant- colonel Thomas H. Burgess, of Duquoin; major, Samuel Eaton. Col. Lawler was mustered in June 30, 1861, and pro- moted to brigader-general April 14, 1863. He was brevetted brigadier-general November 29, 1862, and major-general March 13, 1865. Henry S. Wilson, of Shawneetown, became major of this regiment June 11, 1863, succeeding Samuel B. Marks, of Anna, who was promoted lieutenant-colonel. Lewis Lambert was the first chaplain of this regiment and Mordecai B. Kelly the second. Company B of this regiment was raised almost wholly in Shawneetown. Its successive captains were Elias W. Jones, Henry S. Wilson and Cornelius C. Weaver; its first lieutenants, Cornelius C. Weaver and Charles M. Edwards, and its second lieutenants, William Scanland, Emri C. Watson, Charles M. Ed- wards and James Orr. Of the private soldiers who lost their lives in the service in various ways were the following: William O'Brien, drowned August 18, 1861 ; G. W. Coad, died of wounds April 1, 1862; Franklin Collard, died August 2, 1861; John M. Fish, died January 13, 1862; Martin Fogle, killed at Shiloh, April 6, 1862; Reivas W. Greer, died October 15, 1863; Henry Hewitt, killed at Shiloh; John Henson, killed at Fort Donel- son; Washington C. Jones, died March 29, 1862; John Kielbraid, died of wounds April 30, 1862; Elijah Morris, died at Elizabeth- town, 111. ; Hiram Noye, died at Mound City, September 20, 1861; Nathan L. Newell, killed at Fort Donelson; Solomon Stanton, died at Mound City, November 14, 1861; Jasper Whitney, killed by guard December 24, 1863; Charles H. Wilson, killed at Fort Donelson. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 83 Company D was raised in various parts of southeastern Illi- nois, but partly in Gallatin, Saline and Williamson Counties. Its first captain was Joseph T. Cormick, of Centralia, and its sec- ond Patrick Lawler, of Shawn eetown. Its first lieutenants were Wimer Bedford, of Centralia; John G. Mansker and Chalon A. Towle, of Harrisburg ; Chalon A. Towlehad been second lieutenant, and previously sergeant. Daniel D. Mattice, of Harrisburg, was first sergeant. George W. Grant, of Crab Orchard, Williamson, County, died at Jackson, Tenn., May 25, 1863; Garland W. Shackleford, of Williamson County, died at Cairo, October 9, 1861. Company K, though mostly raised in Jackson County, had numerous members from Franklin and Gallatin Counties. Those from the latter county, who died in the service, were Lee Sullivan Harris, Eichard J. North of wounds March 20, 1862; William Kussell, killed at Fort Donelson. Briefly recited, the history of this regiment is as follows : It ren- dezvoused at Anna, Union Co., 111., May 16, 1861 ; on May 9 it was mustered into the State service for thirty days by U. S. Grant, and on the 28th of May was mustered into the United States serv- ice for three years, moved to Bird's Point, Mo., June 24, 1861, and remained there, mainly, until August 26, when it went to Mound City, III, to guard the building of gunboats; formed part of a command under Col. Oglesby sent to Bloomfield, Mo., to rout JefP. Thompson and his command, after performing various duties February 3, 1862, when it went with the expedition under Gen. Grant up the Tennessee River ; was among the first to enter Fort Henry, February '6. At the battle of Fort Donelson it lost 200 men, killed and wounded — Col. Lawler, himself, being wounded ; went into camp at Pittsburg Landing March 23 ; participated in the battle of April 6, under command of Maj. Eaton, until he was wounded, and then under Capt. Brush, until he was twice wound- ed, and then under Capt. Anderson. Its loss was 75, killed, wounded and missing — Maj. Eaton died of his wound. It 84 GALLATIN COUNTY. marched upon Corinth, and after the evacuation of that place, to Jackson, Tenn., from which place, as a base of operations, it did severe and valuable duty until May 30, 1863, when with General Kimball's division, it went to Memphis and thence to a position above Vicksburg, and up to Haine's Bluff, in the vicinity of which place it was occupied in assisting to prevent Johnston's army from raising the siege of Vicksburg, which lasted from May 18 to July 4, 1863, when Gen. Pemberton surrendered the city to Gen. Grant. July 24, went up the Mississippi, landing at Hel- ena, Ark., on the 27th. Started from Helena, August 13, on the "Arkansas Expedition," and went into camp at DuvaU's Bluff, August 24, and on September 2 went to Brownsville after re- maining in Arkansas doing valiant service for the Union until May 28, 1864, when the term expired for those who had com- posed the regiment originally. All of these returned to Spring- field, III, for pay and discharge, while all the re-enlisted men and recruits were formed into companies, and on the 14th of April, 1865, the regiment was composed of two veteran compa- nies (B and C), one company (A) of three years' recruits, and seven companies of one year's recruits, assigned to it in March, 1865. The regiment was mustered out at Little Eock, Ark., December 16, 1865, and arrived at Camp Butler, 111., on the 31st of the same month for pay and discharge. The entire number belonging to this regiment, rank and file, was 2,043. THE TWENTY-NINTH INFANTEY. The Twenty-ninth Infantry was raised largely in the counties the histories of which are in this volume. Its first colonel was James S. Eearden, of Shawneetown, and its second, Moses Bray- man, of Springfield. Charles M. Ferrill, of Elizabethtown, was its third colonel and Loren Kent, fourth. Its lieutenant-colonels were James E. Dunlap, of Jacksonville ; Charles M. Ferrill, Loren Kent, John A. Callicott, of Shawneetown, and Elijah P.Curtis; ma- HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 00 jors, Mason Brayman, John A. Callicott, Elijah P. Curtis, Eli W. Green, and adjutants, Aaron E. Stout, of Shawneetown, Loren Kent, Richard M. Bozenan, Golconda and Pleasant G. Waters. Company C was raised mainly in Gallatin County. John A. Callicott, Eli W. Green and Sanford B. Kannady were its successive captains; John M. Eddy, Thomas Eieling and Michael Hickey, first lieutenants, and Alfred De Witt, William Boswell and Sandford B. Kanady, second lieutenants. The non-commissioned ofiicers and private soldiers who lost their lives in this company were Serg. Marion McCool, of Shawnee- town, killed at Fort Donelson ; Corp. Charles E. Vinson, died at Mound City, February 28, 1862; Corp. Alexander Norton, died May 2, 1863 ; Corp. Elijah J. Timmins, died at Cairo, January, 1862 ; Corporal John Fletcher, killed at Fort Donelson ; Jackson J. Mangrum, died October 19, 1861 ; John Belian, died at Vicksburg, October 13, 1863 ; James Bradshaw, killed at Fort Donelson ; Will- iam Bromley, died January, 1862; Edward Donley, died May 4, 1863; George W. Dupont, died February, 1862; Anderson Eng- land, died May, 1862; William H. Frame, died June 5, 1864; George Hughes, killed at Fort Donelson; Jacob Long, died Oc- tober, 1861; Jesse L. Martin, killed at Fort Donelson; Robert Oskins, died October, 1861 ; George Farrell, died as prisoner of war, February 16, 1864; Alexander Seat, died at Vicksburg, December 7, 1863 ; Claiborne C. Vaught, died of wounds received atShiloh; Joseph White, died May 2,1863; Joseph Adkinson drowned near Memphis; Andrew J. Donovan, died December 11, 1863; Andrew Pate, died as prisoner of war, February 16, 1864, and James J. White died at home. Company D was raised mostly in Gallatin County. Its cap- tains were John S. Whiting, of Equality ; James B. Hart and Eberlee P. H. Stone, both of New Haven. First lieutenants: James B. Hart; Benjamin F. Berry, of Indiana; Samuel Bagsley, of New Haven ; John F. McCartney, and Robert W. Sherrod, of 86 GALLATIN COUNTY. Saline County. Second lieutenants: Eberlee P. H. Stone; Pink- ney B. Harris, of White County, and Augustus H. Melvin, of New Haven. The non-commissioned oiB&cers and private soldiers from Gallatin County, who laid down their lives in the service of the country, were Serg. William P. Davis, killed at Fort Donelsou ; Bogarth Wesley, died December 15, 1861; George K Crawford, died of wounds February 18, 1862; Edward Brown, died at Natchez, January 15, 1864; William E. Crawford, died at Yicks- burg, October 22, 1863 ; John B. Groves, died at St. Louis, March 17, 1862; Isaac Lackins, died March 4, 1862, of wounds received at Fort Donelson ; Lewis Harvey, died at New Orleans, February 8, 1865; James Eochell, killed at Fort Donelson; Daniel Gaddes, died at Natchez, December 18, 1863; Samuel Bagley, at New Haven. First lieutenant of this company was killed in battle April 29, 1863. The history of this regiment is briefly as follows: It was mustered into the service of the United States at Camp Butler, 111., August 19, 1861, and was assigned to the brigade of Gen. John A. McClernand. After going to Bloomfield, Mo., under Col. E. J. Oglesby, it went into Kentucky under Brig-Gen. John A. McClernand in January, 1862. It participated in the battles of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson, and afterward went to Savannah, Tenn., and was engaged in the battle of Pittsburg Landing, engaged in the siege of Corinth, and after arduous serv- ices in Tennessee and Mississippi, eight companies of the reg- iment were surrendered by Col. E. C. Murphy at Holly Springs, December 1, 1862, to the rebel general, Van Doru. The eight companies captured were paroled and sent to Benton Barracks, where they remained until July, 1863, when, being exchanged, thev returned to duty. The two other companies served in the Western Navy, and lost several men and one officer in running the batteries at Vicksburg and Grand Gulf. On the 19th of October, 1863, the One Hundred and Thirty -first Illinois was HISTOKY OF ILLINOIS. 87 consolidated with the Twenty-ninth, and Lieut-Col. Kent Avas pro- moted colonel and placed in command of the regiment. The reg- iment re-enlisted in January, 1864, and after veteran furlough re- turned to duty in the field, serving at Natchez and Memphis, and afterward were sent to Paducah, Ky., to protect that State against rebel cavalry. In November, 1864, returned to Mem- phis ; went to Mobile, after taking part in the siege of Fort Mor- gan, and then to Galveston, Tex., arriving there July 1, 1865. After serving in Texas until November 6, 1865, it was mustered out of the service and reached Illinois in November on the 26th, and was paid and discharged November 28, 1865. Company D, of the Fifty-sixth Eegiment, was raised partly in this county. Its captains were David Slinger, of White County, and Sylvester R. Cone, of Gallatin County. Its first lieutenants were William F. Williams and Sylvester R. Cone, both of Gallatin, and Michael J. Dempsey, of White. Its second lieutenants were Cone and Dempsey. The non-commissioned officers and private soldiers of this county who died in the service were Corporal James Ayres, died in hospital ; George Covey, died April 12, 1862; Benjamin Hickman, died at Corinth, July 1, 1862; James P. Hall, died July 26, 1862; George McClellan, died July 26, 1862; Elihu Milligan, died April 5, 1862; Benjamin F. Young, died at Corinth, September 24, 1862. THE SIXTH CAVALRY REGIMENT. The Sixth Cavalry Regiment was raised mainly in Gallatin, Saline and Hamilton Counties. Its field and staff officers were, however, with the exception of Thomas G. S. Herod, from other counties. Herod was from Shawneetowii, and was major of the regiment from December 18, 1862, to November 2, 1863, when he was sentenced to the penitentiary for ten years for killing Lieut. -Col. Loomis in Memphis, Tenn. Company L of this regiment was raised mostly in Gallatin 88 GALLATIN COUNTY. County. Its captains were Thomas G. S. Herod of Shawnee- town, Matbew H. Starr, Firth Charles worth, Wade W. McCoy of Shawneetown, and John J. Clark. First lieutenants, Benedict Crandle and Samuel A. Armstrong of Shawneetown, Mathew H. Starr, Firth Charlesworth, John W. Hughes, Wade W. Mc- Coy, Willibald Yehie, and John J. Clark. Second lieutenants, Henry Stout, Armstrong. Starr, Charlesworth and Hughes, as above, and Joseph A. Davenport. This regiment was organized at Camp Butler, November 19, 1861, and moved to Shawneeton, November 25, 1861, remaining until February, 1862, when it moved to Paducah, Ky., and then to Columbus, Ky., where it was divided, five companies going to Trenton, Tenn., and five to Memphis, two going to Paducah and Bird's Point. During the summer of 1862 the detachments op- erated against guerrillas and were in several engagements at Dyersburg, Olive Branch and Coldwater. In the fall of 1862 the regiment was reunited at Memphis, and moved with Sherman toward Grenada, Miss., and pursued Van Dorn after his raid upon Holly Springs, engaging him for seven consecutive days; went to La Grange in January, 1863. On March 29, was attacked while asleep, but got into position and repulsed the enemy ; Lieut. Wilson and eight men were killed during the engagement, and Lieuts. Baker and Anderson and twenty-nine men wounded. This regiment was in Grierson's famous raid through Mississippi and Louisiana. It operated under Banks at the siege of Port Hud- son, and after the surrender of the place July 9, embarked for Memphis. In West Tennessee it was in a number of engage- ments, one with Gen. Forrest at La Grange, and later at Moscow, Tenn., with the same forces. After a number of other engage- ments the regiment re-enlisted and returned home on veteran furlough. The veteran regiment participated in a large number of engagements, many of them battles, notably the battle of Nashville, December 13-15, 1864, and after the victory gained HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 89 there pursued the fleeing rebels to Florence, Ala. After service in Alabama until November 5, 1865, it marched to Selma and was there mustered out of service, and was finally discharged at Springfield, 111., November 20, 1865. Company E, of the Fourteenth Cavalry, was raised largely in Gallatin County. Its captain was Benjamin Crandle; first lieu- tenant, George W. Evans; and second lieutenants, John Hahr, George C. Smith, William M. Duvall (of Shawneetown, not mus- tered, died in prison at Wilmington, N. C, March 12, 1865) and Robert P. Simmons. The Gallatin County private soldiers who died in the service were Henry Artman, died at Louisville, April 10, 1864; Scott Await, died in rebel prison, Florence, S. C, Oc- tober 18, 1864; James Dailey, killed in battle at Camp Cetico, Tenn., May 27, 1864; Noah Friar, killed near Springfield, Tenn., December 9, 1864; Stephen Morgan, died at Glasgow, Ky., June 6, 1863; William Eolemau, died at home, June 11, 1864. Company D, of the One Hundred and Twentieth Infantry, was raised mostly in Gallatin County. Its captains were Parker B. Pillow and Washington Canady, of Shawneetown. First lieu- tenant, Washington Canady, until promoted captain; and second lieutenant, Joshua D. Jennings, of Shawneetown. The non-com- missioned ofiicers and private soldiers who died in the service were Corporals John Davis, at Memphis, June 19, 1863 ; William H. McCool, killed at Guntown, Miss., June 10, 1864; Albert N. Sketo, died at Memphis, August 21, 18(]3, and Isaac Hogan, at Memphis, March 18, 1863. Private soldiers — Emriah J. Carter, at Memphis June 19, 1863; Jackson Crabtree, at Memphis, June 19, 1863; ElishaC. Colbert, at Memphis, June 16, 1863; George AV. Greer, died in Andersonville prison, November 3, 1864, grave numbered 11778; Charles -M. Henry, at Lake Providence, July 15, 1863; George W. Hargrave, at Memphis, August 18, 1863; Fountain E. Harpool, at Lake Providence, July 9, 1863 ; Jacob Rice, at Memphis, June 19, 18t')3; John Sherwood, at Memphis 90 GALLATIN COUNTY. February 21, 1863; Edward Sherwood, June 12, 1863; Thomas Sanderson, killed at Greenville, Miss., May 11, 1863; William Thompson, died at Lake Providence, July 11, 1863; Alexander Thompson, at Memphis, November 20, 1862; Needham A. War- wick, in Andersonville prison, January 24, 1865, grave num- bered 12392; James H. Watson, died of wounds at Mobile, July 12, 1864, while prisoner of war; William Brown, at Memphis, January 17, 1865; Alonzo Bennett, at Memphis, August 20, 1865; John Hooker, at Memphis, February 8, 1863; George W. Owen, at Memphis, May 22, 1865; Carr Owen, in Andersonville prison, September 11, 1864, number of grave 8414. Company H, of this regiment, was raised in Gallatin, Saline and White Counties. Its captains were David M. Porter, of White County, and General F. M. Bean, of Gallatin County. First lieutenants, William Wallers, and James A. Trousdale, both of White County. Second lieutenants, William L. Black- ard and General F. M. Bean. The non-commissioned officers and private soldiers from Gallatin County who died in the service were Corporals Adam Mayhue, died at Memphis, March 12, 1863, and Charles E. Eiley, at Memphis, January 26, 1863. Private soldiers: Joseph M. Bean, killed at Guntown, Miss., June 10, 1864; William C. Bean, died at Memphis, December 11, 1862; Francis M. Dillard, at Memphis, April 2, 1864; George F. Garrett, at Lake Providence, July 12, 1863; Israel Harget, at Memphis, December 27, 1862; David W. Lewis, at Camp Butler, in 1862; William T. Pritchett, at Memphis, October 28, 1863; John Yergel Mitchell, at Memphis, November 30, 1863. Company E, of the One Hundred and Thirty-first Infantry, was mostly from Gallatin County. Its captain was Cornelius W. Halley; first lieutenants, Amster B. Pate and Philip A. Pate, and second lieutenants, Sidney A. Pinney and Josiah Campbell. The company was mostly transferred to Company B of the con- solidated regiment. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 91 Company G of this regiment was raised very largely at Equality. Its captain was Edward H. McCaleb, first lieutenant, John Dailey, both of Equality, and second lieutenant, James A. Peter of Metropolis. The company was mostly transferred to Company D of the consolidated regiment. The first annual reunion of the soldiers of Gallatin County was held September 14, 15 and 16, 1886. A large number of soldiers was present and the Gallatin County Veteran Association was formed. The ofiicers of this association are Col. John M. Bowling, of Equality, president; J. L. Boyd, of Shawneetown, vice-president; L. E. Quigley, of Omaha, secretary; W. P. Aldridge, New Haven, treasurer. The Mexican veterans present were John A. Callicott, Milton Bartley, Adam Stinson, G. W. Usselton, Charles A. Kaufman, G. H. W. Lawrence and "W. H. Blades. Gallatin County furnished three distinguished generals to the Union Army: Gen, M. K. Lawler, an excellent soldier; Gen. John A. McClernand, and Gen. James Harrison Wilson. GEN. grant's HORSE, "EGYPT." The following letter from Gen. Grant is worthy a place in the history of Gallatin County, and explains the transaction which it is desired to commemorate: Chattanooga, Tenn., December 11, 1863. 0. Pool, Esq., Dear Sir: The very elegant horse presented to me by the citizens of Gallatin, Pope, Saline and Hamilton Counties, Illinois, reached me during the absence of Gen. Wilson (at Knoxville) who was commissioned to make the presentation in the name of the citizens of the above named counties. Permit me through you to thank them for their present which I accept as a token of their devotion to the cause of the Union, and as a very great compli- ment to me personally, as an agent of the loyal people in assisting in breaking down rebellion. Very truly your obedient servant, U. S. Grant, MaJ. Oen. U. S. A. This horse was christened "Egypt" by Gen. J. H. Wilson and others in honor of the people who presented him, and it was hoped 92 GALLATIN COUNTY. by them that the horse, "Egypt," would become quite as famous as McDonald's "Selam." SHAWNEETOWN. Shawneetown, the county seat of Gallatin County, is situated on the Ohio Kiver, in longitude 88*^ 10', and latitude ST'^ 45', and is elevated 353 feet above the sea. It derives its name fi'om the Shawnee Indians, located here and in the vicinity from about 1735 to about 1812 or 1815. It is one of the oldest places in the State, having contained a few scattered houses as early as 1804. It was first surveyed by the United States Government in 1810, in accordance with an act of Congress, and again in 1814. The first town plat was approved April 30, 1810, and the establishment of the land office in Shawneetown was approved February 21, 1812, but no land entries were made until July, 1814. Shawneetown was laid off and established as a kind of trading post for the salt works then being established along the Saline Biver "by a few squatters who always precede civilization." For a number of years salt-making proved a very profitable undertaking, and diffused activity and prosperity all around, and as a natural consequence Shawneetown acquired an importance which departed after the salt works were closed. Among the very early settlers in the place, after Michael Sprinkle, he being the first settler in the county and in Shawnee- town, were W. A. G. Posey, Dr. Alexander Posey, and Thomas L. Posey. Thomas Sloo, first register of the land office, and his sons, Thomas and John; Dr. A. B. Dake, Dr. Shannon, Dr. John Reid, John Marshall, Marmaduke S. Davenport, James Davenport, Moses M. Rawlings, Samuel Hayes, Solomon Hayes, Michael Jones, James M. Jones, Jacob Barger, Peter C. Seaton, Samuel Seaton, John Rohrer, John Shearer, Mrs. Fatima McClernand, mother of John A. McClernand; Michael Robinson, John C. Reeves, Alexander Wilson and his sons, John Hilton, John McLean, James S. Beaumont, Robert Peeples, father of HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 93 John McKee Peeples ; James and Alexander Kirkpatrick, Joseph Logsdon and Joseph Reid. A word or two of comment about a few of these early settlers may not be out of place. Solomon Hayes was one of the innumerable army who have believed in their ability to discover perpetual motion ; but different from most of them finally arrived at the rational conclusion that he could not succeed without overcoming or neniralizing friction. With friction overcome he believed he could succeed. Jocob Barger settled on a farm just outside of Shawneetown, near the present roundhouse. John C. Reeves was cashier of the first bank established in Shawneetown, and used to sleep at night on top of barrels of silver in order to prevent its being stolen. He was the founder of the Congress- ional Globe. Alexander Wilson was the first to run a ferry across the Ohio River at Shawneetown. Dr. John Reid moved out of town and settled on the farm where now resides Mrs. S. C Rowan. Some of these, besides those mentioned above, moved out into the county and settled on farms. John Pool, father of Orval Pool, was also an early settler in Shawneetown, as was Joseph M. Street; Mrs. Catharine Shelby, a colored woman, whose husband was kidnaped during the times when " colored men had no right which white men were bound to respect," but who was rescued, came to Shawneetown in 1812 and is still living. John Marshall built the first brick house in Shawneetown; Moses M. Rawlings built the second, which was long known as the Rawlings House, still standing, and kept by Mr. Connor as a hotel. Robert Pee- ples built the third, also still standing, and occupied as a residence by the widow of John McRey Peeples, and standing just above E. F. Armstrong's hardware store on Main Street. Joshua Sexton and his son Orville were also among the early inhabitants of Shawneetown. Among the very early business men in Shawneetown were Weir & Vallandingham (O. C), afterward Mr. Vallandingham 94 GALLATIN COUNTY. alone, who kept a general store ; for a short time a Mr. Patterson ; Peeples & Kirkpatrick kept a general store. The first blacksmith was Michael Sprinkle, elsewhere mentioned; Hiram "Walters was a blacksmith and wagon-maker, carrying on his trades where now stands Swafford Brothers' store, and Michael Kane also had a blacksmith shop between Hiram "Walters' establishment and the piyer. Tarleton kept a tavern in early days, down on the river bank, near where the present brick warehouse stands, origi- nally built for a depot by John Crenshaw. Thomas M. Dorris was also an early tavern-keeper, and John Milne was the first silversmith in the place. One of the most noted early settlers in Shawneetown was the widow, "Peggy" Logsdon, an excellent physician and midwife, to whose judgment and skill in the prac- tice of obstetrics all the other early physicians deferred. It Avas her custom to ride on horseback to visit her patients, and no weather was too severe for her to venture out, nor obstacle too great for her to overcome. She practiced across the Ohio Kiver in Kentucky as well as in Gallatin County, keeping a skiff in Avhich she rowed herself across in answer to calls, which she could distinctly hear from the other side when at her house on "Sandy Kidge," in the southern extremity of Shawneetown. One night after she had retired, a call came to her from the Kentucky shore. She answered back that she would be there as soon as she could dress and row across in her skiff. Going down to the river bank where her skiff was usually moored, she found it gone and not to be found, nor was any other in sight. She was, however, not to be daunted, so calling across again, she said she would be there as soon as she could swim the river. A log happened to be at hand with a short, stout limb standing perpendicularly in the air. Stripping off all her clothes, she tied them up tightly and sus- pended them upon the limb, then stepping into the water, she swam safely across, pushing the log before her. She had three sons (John, Joseph and Butler), and two daughters (Margaret and HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 95 Nancy), and besides being an independent and hardy pioneer, she was a highly respected woman. Besides these there were other worthy citizens, and besides, an over abundant supply of those who gave to the place a bad reputa- tion for many years. Numerous early missionaries have left on record their recollections of Shawneetown. A Mr. Low, who was here in 1816, says: "Among its two or three hundred inhabitants not a single soul made any pretensions to religion. Their shock- ing profaneness was enough to make one afraid to walk the street; and those who on the Sabbath were not fighting and di'inking at the taverns and grog shops, were either hunting in the woods or trading behind their counters. A small audience gathered to hear the missionary preach, but a laborer might almost as soon expect to hear the stones cry out as to effect a revolution in the morals of the place." Thomas Lippincott was here in January, 1818, and says: "We found a village not very prepossessing, the houses with, one exception being set up on posts several feet from the earth," on account of the annual overflow. Mrs. Tillson was here nearly four years later, in November, 1822. Eeferring to Shawneetown, she says: "Our hotel,* the only brick house in the place, made quite a commanding appear- ance from the river, towering as it did among the twenty, more or less, log cabins, and three or four box-looking frames. One or two of these were occupied as stores; one was a doctor's office; a lawyer's shingle graced the corner of one ; cakes and beer another. The hotel lost its significance, however, on entering its doors. The finish was of the cheapest kind, the plastering hanging loose from the walls, the floors carpetless, except with nature's carpet- ing — with that they were richly carpeted. The landlord was a whisky keg in the morning and a keg of whisky at night ; stupid and gruff in the morning, by noon could talk politics and abuse *The Rawlings' House. 96 GALLATIN COUNTY. the yankees, and by sundown was brave for a fiwht. His wife kept herself in the kitchen; his daughters (one married and two single), performed the agreeable to strangers; the son-in-law, putting on the airs of a gentleman, presided at the table, carved the pork, dished out the cabbage, and talked big about his polit- ical friends. His wife, being his wife, he seemed to regard a notch above the other members of the family, and had her at his right hand at the table, where she sat with her long curls and her baby in her lap. Baby always seemed to be hungry while mamma was eating her dinner, and so little honey took dinner at the same time. Baby didn't have any tablecloth !— new manners to me." All of which serves to show the customs of the times — which, of course, still prevail in frontier places — and also the fas- tidiousness of the observer. Another incident which, however, happened somewhat earlier, shows the character of a portion of the people in a different phase. The great comet of 1811 spread consternation far and wide among the ignorant and superstitious, and it is related that when the first steamboat on the Ohio passed Shawneetown it was believed to be the comet — tail and all! If this be true, as it doubtless is, this first steamboat must have passed Shawnee- town very soon after the disappearance of the comet, or while it was below the horizon. Another incident in the early history of Shawneetown will always be remembered with pride and pleasure — the visit of Lafayette in 1825. It was on the 14th of May when the boat, bearing this great friend of the United States, came in sight of the town ; as it neared the landing a salute of twenty-four guns was fired. The people of the surrounding country had turned out en masse to greet the hero of the day. Two lines were formed from Kawlings' Hotel to the river, calico having been previously spread upon the ground, upon which the Frenchman was to walk. Between the lines the committee of reception, town officials and HISTOKY OF ILLINOIS. - 97 other dignitaries, passed to the landing, received the nation's'" guest, and escorting him, returned to the hotel, and passed up again^ between the lines of silent, uncovered and reverent citizens. A large number of ladies was assembled at the door of the hotel,- where the party halted, and an address of welcome was delivered: by Judge James Hall. Lafayette replied in a voice tremulous with emotion, thanking the people for their gratitude and affec- tion. A collation was served, and a number of toasts were drunk appropriate to the occasion. During the festivities an affecting incident occurred, worthy of record because worthy of Lafayette A poor, and poorly clad. Frenchman stood at the door of the hotel, with his eyes resting on the General, but not venturing- to approach. At length the General himself caught sight of the tattered form of the old soldier, recognized him, and advanced to greet him with extended hands. They rushed into each other's arms, and thus stood for some time in an affectionate embrace. The old soldier had once served on the body guard of Gen. Lafay- ette in a time of danger, and had been the means of saving his life. After a few hours spent in pleasant converse, the General was conducted back to the steamer, where he reluctantly took an affectionate leave of his friends, a salute being tired at his de- parture as a lasting farewell. Shawneetown for a good many years continued to grow in size and importance, on account of its location on the Ohio Eiver, and the lack of railroads in the interior of the State. Followintr are the names of the principal business men of the place in 1842: Alexander Kirkpatrick, wholesale and retail dry goods ; E. H. Gatewood, wholesale and retail dry goods, groceries, hardware and commission merchant; John Marshall & Son, wholesale and retail dry goods ; John T. Jones, dry goods, groceries and hardware ; Jesse Kirkham, groceries, liquors, etc. ; J. C. Carter, groceries and liquors; S. N. Docker, druggist; Thomas Morris, wholesale 98 GALLATIN COUNTY. and retail groceries; W. A. G. Posey, wholesale and retail dry- goods, groceries and hardware; W. A. Docker, wholesale and retail dry goods, groceries and hardware, and commission mer- chant. Henry Eddy and Samuel D. Marshall were then the lead- ing attorneys at law. EARLY AND OTHER BANKS. The first bank in the Territory of Illinois was established at Shawneetown, the act authorizing its establishment having been approved December 28, 1816. It was named the Bank of Illi- nois; its capital was not to exceed ^300,000, one-third of which was to remain open to be subscribed by the Legislature of the Territory or of the State, when the State should be formed. Its charter was to continue until January 1, 1837, and its title was the " President, Directors and Company of the Bank of Illinois." The directors were to be twelve in number, to be elected on the first Monday in January annually. The rate of interest received by the bank was not to exceed 6 per cent, and if the bank should refuse to redeem any of its bills in specie or to pay any of its depositors on demand, then such holder was authorized to re- ceive the amount due with interest at the rate of 12 per cent per annum from the time the demand was made. The bill was signed by Willis Hargrave, speaker 2^'>'o iempore of the House of Representatives and by Pierre Menard, president of the Leg- islative Council, and was approved by Ninian Edwards, gover- nor, on the date mentioned above. In 1823 or 1824 this bank suspended operations, and on the 12th of February, 1835, an act was passed to extend the charter for twenty years from January 1, 1837, the name of the institu- tion to be the State Bank of Illinois at Shawneetown. This bill was approved by Joseph Duncan, governor. The first officers of the bank were John Marshall, president, and John Siddall, cashiei-. HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 99 THE STATE BANK OF ILLINOIS. From a point of time somewhat earlier than this, to one con- siderably later, the State Bank of Illinois at Shawneetown was a principal figure in the history of the town. Upon the reco mmend- ation of Gov. Joseph Duncan, elected in 1834, the Legis- lature passed an act chartering a new State bank with a capital of $1,500,000, with the privilege of increasing the capital $1,000,000 more. Six branches were authorized, one of these at Shawneetown, was to be a revival in a certain sense of the old Territorial Bank at this place, which was the first bank in the Territory that had been in a state of suspension over twelve years. The capital of this bank was fixed at $300,000. By an act of March 4, 1837, the capital stock of this bank was author- ized to be increased $1,400,000; $1,000,000 being reserved for the State, and $400,000 for private subscription. The bank was to have nine directors, and was authorized to establish three branches, one at Jacksonville, one at Alton and one at Lawrence- ville, each to have such an amount of capital as the mother bank could safely supply. Upon an attempt to dispose of the State bonds it was found they could not be negotiated at par, hence the banks took the bonds at par, amounting to $2,665,000. The bank at Shawneetown sold its share, $900,000. Soon after this came the financial revulsion of 1837, and although the banks were solvent, they could not stand the drain of specie caused by the presentation of their notes, and hence were compelled to sus- pend. The charters of the banks provided that if suspension of specie payments was continued for more than sixty days together the charters would thereby be forfeited and the banks should go into liquidation. Hence, in order to avoid the common ruin in which the State and its splendid scheme of internal improvements would be involved by a destruction of the banks, the canal com- missioners urged the governor to convene the Legislature to legalize an indefinite suspension of specie payments. The Leg- 100 GALLATIN COUNTY. islature met in special session July 10, 1837, and acted upon tlie governor's suggestion. The suspension was again made legal in 1839, but without attempting to follow in detail the trials and troubles of the banks, it may be said that it was found impossi- ble even with the most assiduous pains and care to keep them on their feet. In February, 1842, the entire institution, with a circulation of $3,000,000 and upward, fell. With reference to the bank at Shawneetown, its condition in November, 1841, when the crisis was impending, is shown by the following statement published at that time, to enhance its credit by promoting con- fidence in its stability: Liabilities — State capital stock, $1,000,000; individual capital stock, $349,240; circulation, $1,309,996; United States Treasurer, $40; unclaimed dividends, $1,876.50; individual deposits, $70,- 708. 2S; due other banks, $7,497.78; discounts, exchange, interest, etc., $29,259.61; surplus fund, $115,463.35; branch balance, $2,- 317.59— total, $2,886,398.51. Resources — Bills discounted, $1,312,070.11 ; bills of exchange, $295,795.47; suspended debt, $101,085.92; Illinois bonds, $369,- 998.68; Illinois scrip, $819.55; bank and insurance stock, $11,- 900; due from other banks, $178,472.49; real estate, $83,336.74; incidental expenses, $7,428.34; cash (specie), $422,371.13; notes of other banks, $103,120— total, $2,886,398.51. This bank had loaned to the State in the first place $80,000, to complete the new State house at Springfield, and early in the autumn of 1839, upon the earnest solicitation of Gov. Carlin, and upon his solemn promise to deposit as a pledge of security, $500,000, in internal improvement securities, it had loaned to the commissioners of public works $200,000, in order to prevent a cessation of their improvements, otherwise unavoidable. The de- posit of the $500,000 security, however, was never made, neither was the $200,000 loan to the fund commissioners ever repaid, and as a consequence, although the directors had resolved to resume HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 101 specie payments on the 15th of June, 1842, the bank finally col- lapsed during the same month with a circulation of somewhat over $1,300,000. The banks were compelled to go into liquida- tion in 1843. The real estate enumerated in the above statement as worth $83,336.74, consisted of a lot on the north corner Main and Main Cross Streets, in Shawneetown, and the bank building is still standing and now occupied by the First National Bank. This building was erected in 1839-40. It is a massive stone struc- ture, four stories high, with five massive corrugated, Doric columns in the front, built at a cost of $80,000. The directors of this bank for the year 1835 were as follows, appointed by the stockholders: E. H. Gatewood, Alexander Kirkpatrick, W. A. Docker, W. A. G. Posey, Timothy Guard, Daniel Wood, M. M. Kawlings, P. Eedmau, Henry Eddy, James C. Sloo and O. C. Valandingham. Appointed on behalf of the State: Porter Clay, David J. Baker, H. H. West, J. K. Dubois, William Linn, William Sim, James Duulap, E. B. Webb and Peter Butler. The bank building was- afterward sold to Joel A. Matteson, for $15,000, who, in 1853, started a bank under the free banking act, which was named the State Bank of Illinois, and had a capital stock of $500,000. E. E. Goodell, son-in-law of ex-Gov. Matte- son, was president of the bank, and A. B. Safford, cashier for four years, when upon going to Cairo, 111., he was succeeded by L.B. Leach. This bank was conducted by Mr.Leacli until the break- ing out of the war of the Rebellion, when it was closed, because of Gov. Matteson' s fears that southern Illinois would be overrun by the rebel hordes. From the same fears he sold the building to Thomas S. Ridgway, for the ridiculously small sum of $0,500, who bought it for a residence and has since occupied it as such, but in 1865 himself and partner, John McKee Peeples, decided to estab- lish The First National Bank of Shawneetown, and since then the 102 GALLATIN COUNTY. building has been used for the business of this bank as well as for a residence. The capital stock of the bank was in the first place $200,000, with five stockholders as required by law, William D. Phile, George A. Kidgway and A. K. Lowe, each holding $2,000, while Mr. Ridgway and Mr. Peeples held the balance in equal shares. In 1878 the capital of the bank was reduced to $50,000, because of the unjust policy of the assessors, who insisted on as- sessing the capita] stock of the bank at its par value, while real estate was at the same time being assessed at from about 25 to 33^ per cent of its cash value. Mr. Peeples remained president of this bank until his death in 1879, when Mr. Ridgway, who had been cashier from the organization of the bank, became president, and William D. Phile, who had been assistant cashier from the establishment of the bank, became cashier; and these two remain the ofiicers of the institution. The surplus fund is now $25,000, and the deposits range from $180,000 to $200,000. The Gallatin National Bank was established in February, 1871, with a capital of $250,000, and with the following directors and ofiicers: Orval Pool, president; Henderson B. Powell, cashier; Dr. William M. Warford, John D. Richeson and Peter Smith, di- rectors. In June, 1871, Orval Pool died, and M. M. Pool, his son, was elected successor. At the same time Mr. Powell resigned as cashier and F. C. Crawford succeeded him. In 1872 Hon. R. W. Townshend was chosen vice-president of the ba nk, and upon the resignation of Mr. Crawford, became cashier. In 1874 the bank went into voluntary liquidation, because the county, although it had at one time agreed to reduce the assessed value of its capital stock 25 per cent below its nominal value, yet receded from that position and insisted upon taxing the bank upon the face value of its stock. Upon closing out the affairs of the national bank, a private bank was organized under the firm name of M. M. Pool & Co. (the Co. being William B. Henshaw, of Union County, Ky.) HISTOKY OF ILLINOIS. 103 This bank is still in existence, on Main Street, nearly opposite the First National Bank. THE FLOODS. Shawneetown has suffered very much from floods at various times, from its earliest days to within a few years of the present time, but these vexatious and destructive visitations have not yet succeeded in depopulating the place, Morris Birbeck, writing under date of August 2, 1817, in "Notes on a Journey in Amer- ica," thus refers to Shawneetown: " This place I account a phenomenon, evincing a pertinacious adhesion of the human animal to the spot where it has once fixed itself. As the lava of Mount ^tna can not dislodge this strange being from the cities which it has repeatedly ravaged by its eruptions, so the Ohio, with its annual overflow, is unable to wash away the inhabi- tants of Shawneetown. Here is the land office for the southeast district of Illinois, where I have just constituted myself a land owner by the payment of $720 as one-fourth of the purchase money for 1,44:0 acres. This, with a similar purchase made by Mr. Flower, is a part of a beautiful and rich prairie about six miles fi'om the Big, and the same distance from the Little Wabash." CONSTRUCTION OF THE LEVEES. These floods have been quite numerous, and sometimes rose to such a height that steamboats could navigate the streets. As the country became more generally denuded of its forests and more thoroughly and systematically drained, the floods kept ris- ing to greater and greater heights. It is deemed sufficient for this history to enumerate the principal floods and to give briefly some account of the later ones with the means employed to pro- tect the place. The first disastrous flood was in 1832 ; the next in 1847; then one in 1853, and next in 1858, more disastrous than any preceding; then again in 1859, when it became appar- ent that something must be done to protect the town from de- 104 GALLATIN COUNTY. struction. Application was made to the Legislature for a charter with power to borrow money to build a levee. The charter was granted and the State agreed to grant aid in a sum equal to the State taxes of the city for twenty years equal to about $108,000. Work was commenced and a little done each year as money could be raised, until 1867, when the river again sub- merged the town, rising to the ridge poles of the smaller houses. Meetings were again held, the issue of additional bonds voted, the work put under contract and carried forward to comple- tion, until it was supposed the levee was ample to protect the town. A debt of $70,000 was incurred, and the State failed to fulfill its contract of a remission of taxes for twenty years, because of the decision by the supreme court in 1874, deciding the law unconstitutional. The old levee was built sufficiently high and strong, it was thought, to keep out the water for all future time, but on August 12, 1875, the levee broke and the town was filled in four hours. The levee was afterward repaired and served as a protection until 1882, when, on February 24, the levee broke at 5 o'clock A. M. and the water came to a level at 4 P. M. At its highest stage this time it was three and one-half feet deep inside E. F. Arm- strong's hardware store. The next year, however, was to witness a still higher flood. On the 15th of February, the water rose over the lower levee at 12 M., came to a level at 10 P. M., con- tinued to rise until the 25th, rose to the height of eight feet, two inches in Mr, Armstrong's store, filling the town to the depth of about fifteen feet on the average, carried away 108 houses, doing immense damage to the remainder. But in 1884 the water rose still higher than in 1883. This year the levee broke on February 12, at 8 A. M. ; the water came to a level at 10 P. M., and contiued to rise until February 28, when it was eight feet, four and one-half inches deep in Mr. Armstrong's store. This flood, the highest known, rose to a height of something over six- HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 105 ty-six feet above low-water mark, which was established in Octo- ber, 1856. The edge of the water was then 518 feet from the front wall of Hall's brick house, known as "Kawling's brick," to an iron peg set in the rock at the water's edge, a few feet below a direct angle fi-omthe north gable end of said house." In order to prevent, if possible, a repetition of such calamities as had befall- en the city three years in succession, it was determined to raise the levee one foot higher than the flood of 1884, and to this end a contract was made with the Ohio Mississippi Railway Com- pany, May 6, 1884. This was additional to, or in place of, a sim- ilar contract made in 1883 with the same company, and rendered necessary by the later and higher flood. According to the first contract $30,000 was to be paid for a certain amount of work, and by the latter one $29,000 more was agreed upon, $15,000 of which was guaranteed by Ridgway and Carroll, and $14,000 by the city. When completed the levee was four and one-half miles long, contained 400,000 cubic yards of earth, was twelve feet wide on top and had cost in the aggregate, including the old levee and the sewer, $200,000. The main trouble with the levee, as it stands, is that it is too steep on the outer side, and that the material of which it is constructed, contains too much sand, and is, therefore, without the best of covering by rip-rapping or otherwise, too liable to wash away. The following statement shows the total cost of the levee and sewer up to the present time: Work done under Norton & Hay den |60,000 Work done on south levee 25,000 Work done on repairs on levee up to 1883 10,000 Work done on original contract in 1883 (for 200,000 cubic yards @ 15 cents) 30,000 Work done on contract of 1884 29,000 Tax for levee purposes since 1872 10,000 Tax for levee previous to 1872 6,000 Sewer, right of way and other exjiensos 20,000 Total $190,000 106 GALLATIN COUNTY. INCORPORATION OF THE TOWN. Previous to 1825 Shawneetown was a mere settlement, or unorganized village. In that year the trustees of Shawneetown became incorporated by an act of the General Assembly entitled "an act concerning Shawneetown," approved January 10, 1825, and by acts amendatory thereto. One of the most important cases tried in the Gallatin Circuit Court was in connection with this incorporation and may be mentioned here. It was entitled "Ryan vs. the trustees of Shawneetown," and was brought by Ebenezer Z. Ryan as assignee of the State Bank of Illinois at Shawneetown, for the recovery of money loaned to the trustees, for the purpose of paving the wharf with rock. The loan was agreed to August 28, 1837, and was for $20,000, secured by mortgage on certain town lots. Under this agreement large sums were advanced to the trustees, and finally on settlement a note was given the bank, signed by W. A. Docker, president, and attested by J. M. Jones, clerk, for $38,311.39, dated January 1, 1841, and payable, "on or before the first day of January next." The trustees abandoned their charter, and organized iiuder Chap- ter XXV, of the revised statutes, and after this act the suit on the above note was brought in the circuit court, de- cided against the assignee, and was carried by him to the supreme court, by which the circuit court was sustained,* on the ground that more than $20,000 had been loaned by the bank, that it did not appear that the mortgage given was given to secure the money that was actually loaned, and that the trustees had no authority to borrow money. Previous to this, however, that is on the 19th of October, 1848, W. A. Docker paid his pro- portion, $6,282.10. On the 27th of February, 1847, an act was passed entitled "An act to incorporate the town of Shawneetown," under which the town was incorporated by the name of " The president and ♦See " Illinois Reports," Vol. XIV, p. 20. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 107 board o£ trustees of the town of Shawneetown," by which name they were granted perpetual succession. The boundaries of the town were to embrace "all in lots of said town as originally laid off by the United States survey upon the EiverOhio." Five trustees were to be elected annually on the first Monday, and all white male inhabitants over twenty-one years of age who had resided in the town three months, and who were qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly, were entitled to vote for the trustees, who could not borrow money without the consent of a majority of the legal voters of the town. The affairs of the town were conducted under this charter until 1861, when a new charter was obtained. As the records of the town government under these trustees could not be found, and as no one could re- member the names of the officers under the charter of 1847, a list of such officers is perforce omitted. The charter of 1861 was approved by Gov. Richard Yates, February 22, that year. It was entitled " an act to incorporate the City of Shawneetown, and to change the name." Section 1 incorporated the inhabi- tants of the town of Shawneetown, by the name and style of the City of Shawneetown, unless the name be changed to Shawnee City. Section 2 fixed the limits and jurisdiction of the City of Shawneetown so as to include all that district of country situated in the county of Gallatin, embraced within the limits of the town of S hawneetown, according to the plat thereof, as may be embraced within a levee proposed to be built around said city. Section 4 provided for the division of the city into two wards. The officers were to be a mayor, and two aldermen from each ward. All free white male inhabitants of the city, over twenty-one years of age, who had been residents six months, were to be legal voters. Article IX provided, that the inhabitants of the city of Shawneetown are hereby exempt from State tax for the period of twenty years from the adoption and passage of this act for the purpose of enabling the said inhabitants to levee the city to pre- 108 GALLATIN COUNTY. vent its frequent or periodical inundation from the overflow of the banks of the Ohio and Wabash Rivers, within and adjacent to the said town; and the city council was authorized to levy a levee tax, which should be equivalent to the tax which would have inured to the State of Illinois, had the exemption from the State tax not been made. On the 29th of April, 1872, the salaries of the oflficers of the city were fixed as follows: Mayor, ^200; aldermen, $75 each; city collector, 3 per cent on all taxes and assessments collected by him and paid into the treasury ; treasurer, city clerk and city attorney, each $100; city marshal, $200. On the 11th of November, 1871, an ordinance was passed providing for the issuance of bonds to the amount of $50,000, for the purpose of building the north and front divisions of a levee around the city, in pursuance of the act of 1861, incor- porating the city, and of a majority of the votes cast at an elec- tion legally held June 6, 1870, and on the 15tli of the same month an ordinance was passed providing for the issue of bonds to the amount of $25,000, iu favor of the St. Louis & South- eastern Railway Company, in payment of the city's subscrip- tion to the capital stock of the company to that extent. The boundaries of the city were fixed by ordinance, February 27, 1872, as follows: Commencing in the northeast boundary line of the town, as originally laid out and surveyed at the line dividing Outlots Nos. 90 and 91, thence along said line to the line di- viding the States of Illinois and Kentucky; thence along said line dividing said States to a point opposite the middle of the street between Outlots No. 251 and No. 255, thence up that street until it intersects the line dividing Outlots Nos. 87 and 94, thence along said line dividing Outlots Nos. 87 and 94, to the beginning. On the 10th of April, 1872, an act was passed providing for the incorporation of cities and villages. Under this general act. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 109 the mayor and city council, upon petition of the requisite num- ber of citizens, appointed May 22, 1874, the day of election to decide the question of incorporation under the law, which ques- tion was decided in the affirmative by a vote of 74 for, to 14 against. An ordinance was then passed June 13, 1874, dividing the city into three wards instead of two. The First Ward con- tains all that part of the city north of Second North Cross Street; the Second Ward, all that part between Second North Cross Street and Main Cross Street, and the Third Ward, all that part of the city south of Main Cross Street. The number of aldermen was increased from four to six, thus increasing the ex- pense of maintaining the city government. Salaries were fixed June 29, as folloTvs: Mayor, $200; aldermen $3, for each meet- ing, but not to exceed $75, per annum; city attorney, $100; city clerk, $150; city treasurer, $100. An ordinance was then passed unanimously July 27, providing for the appointment by the council of a citj marshal. This ordinance remained in force until October 14, 1878, when it was provided by ordinance that the city marshal should thereafter be elected annually, thus placing the choice of the officer who should preserve order in the city, in the hands frequently of the disorderly elements of society. On the 17th of August, 1878, the city council deemed it prudent and indeed necessary to quarantine against yellow fever, and adopted regulations to the effect that no steamboat shovdd land between the mouth of the Saline Kiver and the mouth of the Big Wabash, on the Illinois side of the Ohio, which was supposed to have on board any passenger or freight from any place infected with yellow fever, and the same regulations were applied to all railroads coming into the city. Following is a list of the principal officers of the city since the adoption of the charter of 1801, Avith the date of election. Mayors: James S. Rearden, 1801; Matthew Hunter, 1802; 110 GALLATIN COUNTY. George Beck, 1864; William G. Bowman, 1866; J. B. Turner, 1867; J. W. Keclden, 1868; John A. Callicott, 1869; J. W. Red- den, 1871; John A. Callicott, 1872; H. O. Docker, 1873; A. K. Lowe, 1874; E. Mills, 1875; J. W. Millspaugh, 1880, and Carl Eoedel, 1885. Clerks: James Docker, 1861; James H. Hart, 1866; J. N. Wasson, 1866; C. G. Hughes, 1867; Carl Eoedel, 1871; J. B. Perry, 1874; John M. Coop, 1875; W. S. Hazen, 1878; A. C. Millspaugh, 1881; L. W. Goetzman, 1883, and A. C. Millspaugh, 1885. Treasurers: James H. Hart, 1861; A. K. McCabe, 1871; H. C. Barger, 1874; J. H. Hart, 1875; John P. Hopper, 1883; L. H. Adams, 1885. Ciiy Aitorneys: John Olney, 1864; C. G. Hughes, 1871; Carl Roedel, 1871, elected to fill vacancy ; William L. Halley,1875 ; C. G. Hughes, 1876; W. T. Crenshaw, 1877; D. M. Kinsall, 1879; D. O. Hause, 1881; W. T. Crenshaw, 1883; George W Pillow, 1885. The first directory of the city of Shawneetown was published by D. W. Lusk in 1872. According to that directory the princi- pal business men then in the city were the following : Dry goods, Docker & Peeples, Waggener & Mills, George A, Ridgway and John D. Richeson; groceries, Bechtold & Webber, Wilson Bros., Adam Baker, Waggener & Mills, Joseph Ulmsnider & Son, George A. Ridgway and John D. Richeson ; drug stores, Dr. J. W. Red- den ; marble yard, Gordon, Sterling & Greer ; carriage-makers, Joseph P. Hull and J. A. Quick ; butcher, James Litsey ; saddles and harness, John A. Callicott; clothing store, James H. Hart; hardware, cutlery and farm machinery, Richeson & Winner ; tai- lor, T. H. Sils; boots and shoes, Benjamin Hoelzle; cigars and tobacco, S. F. Herman; planing mill, Peeples & Karcher; car- penters, Karcher & Scanland; plasterer, Henry Scates; real es- tate, F, L. Rhoads; painter, W. J. Elwell; small fruits, A. Ells- HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. Ill worth; commissiou merchant, J. C. Ketchum; wharf masters, Howell, Millspaugh & Co. ; attorneys at law, J, B. Turner, Bow- man & AVasson, Silas Ehoads, Alexander H. Rowan, Carl Roedel, Milton Bartley and B. F. Brockett. The present business interests of the town are conducted by the following individuals and firms: dry goods, groceries, etc., John D. Eicheson, Charles Carroll, A. M. L. McBane, A. K. Lowe's Sons, Swofford Bros., A, M. Lewis & Bro; groceries, Ja- cob Bechtold, Ambrose Erwein, Joseph F. Nolen, Lewis Weber, John Hopper, Goetzman Bros. ; hardware, E. F, Armstrong, Rob- inson Bros. ; dry goods and clothing, A. Mayer ; clothing and gents' furnishing goods, M. Lyon, James H. Hart; drug stores, E. Eherwine, W. A. Howell, Robinson Bros. ; harness and sad- dlery, J. A. Callicott & Son ; tailor, Mr. Gallagher ; blacksmiths, James A. Quick, Michael Golden, Charles Brozul and Burris; foundry and repair shop, A. D. Reddick; hotels. Riverside, Ger- mania, Connor House, Farmers' Hotel, Fissinger's Hotel; jewelers, Feehrer Bros. ; livery stables, Horace Martin, Smyth & Wise- heart, William J. Boyd ; steam flouring mill, McMurchy & Bahr, L. Rowan & Son; planing mill, Karcher & Scanland; lumber and shingles, Seelinger & McDonald; millineries. Miss Alice Eddy, Miss Jennie Hair; cigar-makers, S. F. Herman, William Gregg; physicians, E. C. Colvard, M. S. Jones, Jacob Fair, Cassidy, S. N. Docker ; dentist, A. H. Cole ; real estate and ab- stracts, John R. Boyd. Following is a list of the postmasters at Shawneetown : John Marshall, John Stickney, Pleasant L. Ward, Joseph B. Barger, Calvin Gold, John Edwards, Mrs. Edwards, A. M. Sargent, Mrs. Edwards, the second time, and the present incumbent, William L. Loomis, appointed in 1886. THE LAND OFFICE. The land office at this place was established by act of Con- 112 GALLATIN COUNTY. gress February 21, 1812, and the commissions of the register and receiver were sent from the general land office at Washington, D. C, April 30, 1814, their duties to commence July 1, 1814. Fol- lowing are the names of the offices, and their periods of service: Registers: Thomas Sloo, from July 1, 1814, to June 8, 1829; James C. Sloo, from June 8, 1829, to August 17, 1849; Andrew McCallen, from August 17, 1849, to May 3, 1853; John M. Cun- ningham*, from May 3, 1853, to May 2, 1856. Eeceivers: John Caldwell, from July 1, 1814, to October 9, 1835, when he died; Stephen K. Eowan, from October 30, 1835, to April 7, 1845; Braxton Parrish, from April 7, 1845, to July 18, 1849; JohnN. Notson, from July 18, 1849, to May 3, 1853; Samuel K. Carey, from May 3, 1853, to December 20, 1854, and William L.' Caldwell, from February 12, 1855, to May 2, 1856. On May 2, 1856, the records of the office at Shawneetown were consolidated with the office at Springfield, 111., by direction of the Secretary of the Interior, under the provisions of Act of Con- gress, June 12, 1840, Section 2, and the terms of the officers ended, f SOCIETIES. ' M. K. Lawler Post, No. 337, G. A. R., was mustered in at the courthouse, October 12, 1883, by Capt. J. H. Vaught, special mustering officer for southern Illinois. All of those mustered in were charter members. The Woman's Christian Temperance Union was organized June 2, 1885, by Mrs. Mary H. Villars, with thirty members. The first officers were : president, Mrs. Addie A. Long; vice-pres- idents, Mrs. Almira James, Presbyterian; Mrs. Jennie Brooks, Methodist; Mrs. Ira Tromley, Christian; Mrs. Eeubenacher, Catholic; corresponding secretary, Miss Mira Phile; recording ♦Father of Miss Mary E. CunniBgham, who -was married to John A. Logan, at Shawneetown, Tuesday, November 27, 1855. tThe history of the Land OflSce was furnished by Hon. William A. J. Sparks, Commissioner of the Land Office at Washington, D. C. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 113 secretary, Miss Eva Youngblood; treasurer, Mrs. Myra Lau- derbaugh. Gallatin Lodge, No. 1708, K. of H., was organized at Shaw- neetown, August 2, 1879. The officers were, Past Dictator, A. M. L. McBane; Dictator, T. H. Cossitt; Vice Dictator, L. H. Adams; Assistant Dictator, Carl Roedel; Reporter, James W. Millspaugh ; Financial Reporter, W. D. Phile ; Treasurer, D. L. G. Dupler; Chaplain, George H. Potter; Guide, Thomas J. Cooper; Guardian, J. R. Boyd; Sentinel, A. G. Richeson; Medical Exam- iner, J. T. Binkley. THE PRESS OF THE COUNTY. The first paper published in Shawneetown, and the second in Illinois, was the Illinois Eniigranf, later the Illinois Gazette established and published for several years by Henry Eddy. Mr. Eddy was an early Whig, an able man, and edited an excellent paper, and it is to be regretted that a detailed history of it could not be obtained. One of the interesting items in connection with its history, however, was the receipt of the following bill : Pittsburgh, June 25, 1819. Mess. Eddy & Kimmel, Bought of CRAMER & SPEAR, 18 Reams No. 4 @ |4.50 $81 00 3Reams " 5" 3.50 10 50 IReara " 4 4 50 $96 00 Contra Cr., By 9^ doz. Deerskins @ $6 $57 00 $39 00 Received note @ 4 months for balance. Cramer & Spear. A large number of papers have been published in Shawnee- town, among them the Illinois Republican, a Whig paper by Sam- uel D. Marshall. A very able paper, the Southeni Illinoisan, was started by W. Edwards & Son, May 7, 1852, as a six- 114 GALLATIN COUNTY. column folio Democratic paper, which so continued until the nomination of Bissell for governor, when it supported him for that position, and James Buchanan for the presidency. After the election of Buchanan it became wholly Kepublican, W. Ed- wards having retired from the paper during the campaign. In 1860 it suspended publication, there not being sufficient demand for a Republican paper in southern Illinois. The Southern Illi- nois Advocate was published for a few months as a daily, tri- weekly and weekly by L. J. S. Turney, but not being sufficiently well supported it was discontinued. The Western Voice was published for some time, and continued as the Shawneetown Intel- ligencer, by W. H. McCracken & Co. The Shawneetown Mer- cury was published from 1860 to 1873, by D. W. Lusk, discon- tinued in 1873. The Shawnee Herald was started February 11, 1876, by Francis M. Pickett, and continued until 1879. The present papers in Shawneetown are the Local Record, established December 1, 1877, by Conrad O. Edwards and still published by him as a Democratic paper, and the Shawnee Neios as continued from the Home News of some years since, and now edited and published as a Republican paper by L. F. Tromley. It is an able paper, is thoroughly devoted to the interests of Gallatin County and favors the principle of prohibition in the treatment of the liquor question. OTHER TOWNS AND VILLAGES. New Haven is situated in the northeast corner of the county, on the Little Wabash River. It claims to be the third oldest town in Illinois, and assuming that the town was started when Jonathan Boone* first settled there, the claim is doubtless correct. Jonathan Boone was a brother of Daniel Boone, the famous first settler of Kentucky. Jonathan Boone made an entry of land under date of August 24, 1814, as follows: Southeast quarter of *Not Joseph Boone as is published in the history of White County. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 115 Section 17, Township 7 south, Kange 10 east of the third principal meridian. A stockade was erected on the bank of the Little Wabash, enclosing considerable land, and the enclosure, with its protections, was called Boone's Fort. He also built a mill not now in existence, but always referred to as Boone's Mill. The steam mill now in New Haven, mentioned hereafter, stands within the limits of the ancient stockade. An interesting land-mark stands close to the south end of this steam mill, in the shape of a stout and an umbrageous catalpa tree, the result of the growth of a rid- ing whip, carelessly stuck in the ground by one of Jonathan Boone's daughters, upon her return from a pleasure ride on horseback. Jonathan Boone came to this country in 1812, for in that year Samuel Dagley, Sr., moved to New Haven with his family of j&fteen children, being attracted there by family re- lationship, one of his sisters being the wife of Jonathan Boone. Mr, Boone remained in New Haven but a few years, possibly because he could not tolerate the refinements of advancing civil- ization, and so moved again into the wilderness — this time into the wilds of Arkansas, where he died at an advanced age. His successors in New Haven were Paddy Robinson and Roswell H. Grant, who bought his improvements and claim, and improved the water power. A survey of the town was made either by Robinson or Grant or both, the original plat consisting of 261 lots, each 70 by 140 feet in size. It was laid out into regular streets running at right angles with each other, and those running nearest north and south, parallel with the Little Wabash. Water Street was 70 feet wide, the others 66. The principal street was Mill Street. In 1831 Shawn eetown parties pur- chased the town, and a second survey was made in 1835 or 1836, by Albert G. Caldwell; the name borne by the place was conferred in honor of New Haven, Conn., it is believed by Roswell H. Grant, who was from New England. This town has had three periods of activity and decay. During one of its active periods, lots sold 116 GALLATIN COUNTY. for $500 that in ordinary times would not bring $100. In 1826 Eoswell H. Grant was doing a flourishing business in the mer- cantile line, running a general store. Paddy Eobinson also carried on a flourishing business, but not so extensive as Grant's. In 1833 William Parks, from Franklin County, Tenn., and an Englishman, whose name is not now recalled, were keeping store, as also Gatewood and Kirkham of Shawneetown, and John Wood. There were two hotels, one kept by Hazle Moreland, the other by John Mervin, at the old Eobinson House. In 1850 the business men were Thomas S. Hick, Hinch & McDaniel, James Dagley, Jr., H. P. Powell and Mrs. John Sheridan. The blacksmiths were Henry Stone and John Ellis ; Hanmore & Gallagher, steam saw and grist-mill; in 1870, Hick & Hinch, Decker Bros., andAbshier & Stone, general stores, and Hunter & Keister, steam saw and grist- mill, besides a few others. In 1887 the following are the business houses: Dry goods, groceries, etc., George Luther, Maurice Feehrer and W. A. Brounnelhouse & Co. ; groceries, Matthias Epley ; confectionery, Sumners & Co.; drug stores. Dr. Matthias Epley & Co. and James H. Hess & Co. ; saloons, W. K. Flack and Charles Feehrer; blacksmiths, Theodore S. Smith and Henry White ; millinery, Mary Hanmore ; hotels, the Farley House, George W. Eobinson, W. S. Dale, Nathan Stephens, Joel H. Grady, and lawyer, W. S. Sumner. The Little Jim Eoller Mill was erected in 1886, by Porter (D. M.) and Winterberger (Alois); it is three stories high, in- cluding basement, and has five full sets of rollers for grinding wheat, and one set of buhrs for grinding corn. It is propelled by a thirty -horse power steam engine, and has a capacity of 45 barrels of flour each twenty-four hours. The postoffice was established in 1820; some of the post- masters have been Col. Thomas S. Hick, John Wood, B. P. Hinch, Samuel Dagley, Thomas B. Hick, A. J. Surgery, W. P. Abshier, J. B. Hanmore, Victor Melvin, Lee Caruth, W. P. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 117 Aldrich, Dr. I. M. Asbury, James O'Neill and the present incum- bent, Joseph E. O'Neill. New Haven Lodge, A. F. & A. M., No. 330, was organized many years ago. Its charter members and first officers were James Edwards, W. M. ; Sidney Primey, S. W. ; Jackson Abshier, J. W. ; James Melvin, S. D. ; E. W. Gaston, J. D. ; John H. Hughes and William Glasscock. New Haven has been incorporated twice, first in 1837 and the second time in 1873, under the general incorporation law approved April 10, 1872. The present board of trustees is com- posed of Leroy Hinch, president; J. P. Decker, James Dossett, George W. Gevney, Thomas A. Haley and Koley McFadden; Mathias Epley is treasurer; J. L. Greenlee, clerk; W. P. Ald- ridge, police magistrate, and W. S. Dale, village constable. The town contains about 400 inhabitants, and its present lack of prosperity is attributed by some to its saloons, but it is living in the memory of past, and in the hope of future glory, which will doubtless come after a railroad shall cross the Little Wabash at that point. F. L. Khoads Post, No. 586, G. A. P., was organized August 7, 1886, by J. F. Nolen, assisted by members of M. K. Lawler Post. The officers were I. M. Asbury, Commander; W. P. Ald- ridge, S. V. C. ; G. W. Gerley, J. V. C. ; McDonald Kincade, Adj. ; AndreAv P. Smith, Q. M. ; P. P. Harris, Surg. ; J. C. Buttram, Chap. ; L. P. Cubbage, O. D. ; Alexander Mobley, O. G. ; Thomas Pool, S. M. ; Stephen Hendricks, Q. M. S. Twenty-three mem- bers united with the post. RIDGWAY. Ridgway is a flourishing village of about 400 inhabitants located on the Ohio & Mississippi Railway one and one-half miles northwest of the center of the county. The first merchant in the place was John Hamersly. who opened his store in 1S67. 118 GALLATIN COUNTY. John Mcllrath was the second and about one year after he estab- lished himself in business, W. A. Dickey in 1870, bought Mr, Hamersly's goods and continued in business until 1886. The next business established was a family grocery and saloon by Charles Evans. Within the past year (1886) the place has very materially improved and merchants and others are now moving to Ridgway from the surrounding country and adjacent towns. The present business interests are being conducted by "VV. A. Peeples, dry goods, groceries, etc. ; J. L. Boyd, general mer- chandise; John Lunn & Son, dealers in furniture; M. J. Moore, harness and saddle manufacturer ; W. R. Rathbone, general mer- chandise (Mr. Rathbone, previous to establishing himself in business in Ridgway in 1876, had been engaged in the same bus- iness for ten years in Harrisburg, Saline County) ; W. H. Bow- ling, fancy groceries and queensware; Dr. F. F. Hanna, drugs, medicines and hardware ; Charles F. Barter, hardware ; Massey & Hemphill, confectionery, tobacco, cigars and country produce; Charles Swager, boots and shoes; B. F. Porter, livery, feed and sale stable. In August, 1886, W. W. Davidson established The Central Star, a newspaper independent in politics and " wide- awake to the interests of Gallatin County." There are three regular practicing physicians and one dentist. There are two blacksmith shops and one wood worker. A hotel was erected in 1881 by L. B. Cralley, the present proprietor. The town, which was named for Thomas Ridgway of Shawneetown, contains two churches, a Cumberland Presbyterian and a Catholic, both having large membership, and the Catholic a resident priest. The public school has two teachers and about 135 scholars. The Catholic school, which is supported by subscription, employs two teachers and has a large attendance. A flouring-mill was built in 1884, which is well equipped with the new roller pro- cess and has a capacity of 100 barrels of flour per day. The town was incorporated under the general law of 1872, in HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 119 February, 1886, with bouudaries as follows: Commencing at a point one-fourth of a mile due east of the junction of Main and Division Streets, as originally laid out and recorded, in Section 30, Township 8, Eange 9 east; thence running due soiith one- fourth of a mile; thence due west one-half a mile; thence due north one-half a mile ; thence due east one-half a mile, and thence due east to the beginning. Elections are held on the third Tuesday of April each year for the election of trustees and clerk. The police magistrate is elected for four years. The first president of the board of trustees was E. Mills, the second and present one W. S. Phillips. The first and only clerk was J. H. Hemphill ; the first and present treasurer, F. Y. Hannah ; constable, William W. Abbott, and police magistrate, John A, Crawford. The village attorney is W. S. Phillips. Spirituous liquors are not allowed to be sold or given away within the limits of the corporation. The population of the village is estimated at 400 and is slowly but steadily increasing. The Central Star was started here by W. W. Davidson, Oc- tober 7, 1886. It is a seven-column folio paper, neutral in poli- tics and has already (March, 1887), acquired a circulation of 380 copies each week. OMAHA. Omaha is situated on the Ohio & Mississippi Eailway, in the northeast corner of Section 27, Township 7, and Range 8 east, about eighteen miles from Shawneetown. It was laid out by Rev. E. M. Davis on part of his farm. The name was suggested by Henry Bearce, first baggage master on the St. Louis & South- eastern Railway, who had acted in the same capacity in Omaha, Neb. The first store in the place was J. C. Harrell's drug store, and the first dry goods store was established by Hall & Pemberton, of Saline County. The Omaha Flouring Mill was built by G. R. Pearce & Co. in 1878. In 1879 Mr. Pearce 120 GALLATIN COUNTY. bought out the " Co.," Messrs. Porter and Eice, and sold a half interest to William Trusty. Soon afterward he sold the other half to Mr. Trusty, who then sold one-half to* E. A. West. In 1881 Trusty & West sold the mill to Latimer & Bryant, and in 1882 Mr. Bryant sold his interest to AY. F. Harrell. The mill has the latest improved machinery and is propelled by steam. Geo. A. Lutz established a stare factory, which was run about four years, giving employment to a large number of hands and requiring a large quantity of timber. It was blown up by a keg of powder igniting in the boiler, placed there by an incendiary, and was not rebuilt. Dr. J. C. Harrell was the first postmaster, and has been succeeded by M. M. Davis, E. M. Davis, Samuel Davis, H. P. Blackard, and Benjamin Kinsall. The first hotel was built by J. B. Latimer. L. E. Quigley built a fine hotel in 1882 which is well fitted up and has excellent accommodations. Omaha has made rapid progress within the last few years, and hopes to be one of the most important inland towns in southern Illinois. Omaha Lodge, No. 723, A. F. & A. M., was chartered by the Grand Lodge of Illinois, at Chicago, October 7, 1874, with six- teen charter members. The present officers are James M. Gregg, W. M. ; C. E. Gallaway, S. W. ; H. P. Blackard, J. W. ; W. E. Gregg, Sec. ; J. H. Eandolph, Treas. ; L. L. McGehee, S. D. ; W. J. Crabtree, J. D. ; E. P. Caldwell, Tyler. Omaha Lodge, No. 183, A. O, U. W., was chartered May 10, 1881, with twenty-one members. The first officers were J. C. Harrell, P. M. W. ; Thomas Martin, M. W. ; A. M. Blackard, Foreman; A. H. Blackard, Overseer; Edward Eice, Eecorder; M. M. Davis, Financier; M. H. Walters, Eeceiver; W. D. Pearce, Guide ; Peter Edwards, I. W. ; John Sarver, O. W. The present officers are V. A. Eau, P. M. W. ; H. L. Eodgers, M. W. ; A. H. Blackard, Eecorder; E. G. Eice, Financier; M. M. Davis, Ee- ceiver; W. AV. Thompson, Foreman; Daniel M. Keiser, Overseer; HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 121 E. A. West, Guide ; Thomas Martin, I. W. ; Peter Edwards, O. W. The order of the Iron Hall was chartered August 13, 1886, with fifteen members, and the following officers: W. E. Terrell, Chief Justice; R. S. Kinsall, Vice- Justice; J. H. Wilson, Accountant; George T. Crabtree, Cashier; J. H. Blackard, Ad- juster; William Duckworth, Previtt; Solomon Duckworth, Her- ald; J. H. Utly, Watchman; J. S. Edwards, Videt. This order was established for life insurance purposes and sick benefits, fur- nishing as much as $1,000 insurance, and sick benefits in pro- portion to the amount of insurance carried. It is a branch of the Grand Lodge at Indianapolis, and is in a flourishing condition. Order of the Eastern Star was instituted April 7, 1886, with fourteen charter members. The elected officers are as follows: Miss Lulu S. Hall, W. M. ; Lewis M. Price, W\ P. ; Miss Clem- ma Latimer, A. M. ; Miss Jennie Davis, C. ; Miss Mary Harrell, A. C. ; Miss Mary Hall, Sec. ; M. A. Baker, Treas. The appointed officers are Miss Jennie Kinsall, Ada; Mrs. N. C. Gregg, Ruth; Miss Emma Gregg, Esther; Mrs. Mary Keasler, Martha; Miss Sonnie Crabtree, Electa ; H. P. Blackard, Warden ; W. E. Gregg, Sentinel; Rev. R. M. Davis, Chaplain. Omaha Lodge, No. 472, I. O. O. F., was instituted January 20, 1872, with seven members, by the Gram Lodge at Chicago. Its first officers were W. G. Hunter, N. G. ; J. L. Garrett, Y. G. ; Thomas Bruce, Treas., and Charles Edwards, Sec. Its present officers are H. P. Caldwell, N. G. ; I. T. Trusty, Y. G. ; H. L. Rodgers, Sec, and David Hidger, Treas. Loren Kent Post, No. 523, G. A. R., at Omaha, was organized August 31, 1885, and up to February 1, 1886, had received sixty- eight members. Omaha has no lawyer. The first physician was Dr. J. C. Har- rell. The others have been James Porter, M. D. ; J. M. Asbury, M. D.; J. H. Moore, M. D. ; C. M. Hudgins, M. D.. and J. C. Hall, M. D. Following are the business firms now in Omaha: 122 GALLATIN COUNTY. R. M. Davis & Sons, general merchandise; L. E. Quigley, pro- prietor of the Quigley House ; Dr. Eodgers, drugs ; Dr. J. C. Hall, drugs; W. C. Trusty, general store; — . McCauley, grocer; Thomas Hardy, hardware; S. B. Lewis & Co., grocers; E. S. Mc- Gehee, dry goods; Sterling Edwards, undertaker; W. F. Him- ple, grocer, and J. S. Dixon, dry goods. Cypress Junction is a very small place at the junction of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad with the Ohio & Mississippi Railroad. William Cremeens is the postmaster, and Charles Cremeens keeps a small store. There are two houses and a schoolhouse within about half a mile of the store. EQUALITY. Equality is situated on the Louisville & Nashville Railway, in the western part of the county. It was laid off in , its streets running at right angles with each other, its east and west streets running 20° south of east and north of west. The streets are named Jackson, Clinton, Benton and Tazewell, while those running north and south are named Rowan, Calhoun, Van Buren, McDufie and McAvery. One block was reserved for the church, bounded by Jackson, Benton, McDufie and McAvery ; one block and a half for the academy, bounded by Jackson, an alley be- tween Benton and Tazewell, and by Rowen and the village limits. There were in the original plat 162 lots, generally 60x180 feet, and the area of the plat was 105 acres. The first house was built mostly for an office for the salt works in the immediate vicinity. Samuel Ensminger, who lived about two miles below in the woods, moved in and opened a hotel, a store having been opened by Capt. John Lane, in his residence. Gen. Willis Hargrave, who obtained his title in the Black Hawk war, opened a hotel west of the old courthouse on Jackson Street. John Siddall built a large two-story frame house on the corner of Calhoun and Clinton Streets, and Allen Redman built a house on the corner of Cal- HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 123 houn street and the public square. It is stated tliat Joseph M. Street, as surveyor, laid off the town. Equality was the county seat of Gallatin County for a number of years, both before and after the separation of Saline, and as such was the residence of numerous notable men, among them being William J. Gatewood, Edward Jones and M. K. Lawyer, and the most distinguished lawyers in the State then practiced at its bar, as John A. Logan, R. G. Ingersoll, S. A. Douglas, and others. The business houses in Equality at the present time are the following: Dry goods and groceries, T. A. Davis, John W. Hales, A. F. Davenport, E. H. McCaleb, and C. W. Smith, who also keeps boots and shoes; drugs are kept by Dr. Isaac Bour- land and E. H. McCaleb. The blacksmiths are Christian Helm and William Davenport, and the New Hotel is kept by Mrs. J. W. Hales. The churches in the place are the Methodist, Epis- copal, Catholic, Missionary Baptist and Social Brethren. Equality has been incorporated at various times. A meeting was held at James Caldwell's April 9, 1831, There were present the president and clerk of a former meeting held in pursuance of anact of the General Assembly of February 12, 1831, who pro- duced the certificate of an election held April 4, 1831, that thir- ty-one votes had been cast for incorporation and none against it. At an election held on Saturday, March 9, 1833, Willis Hargrave, John Siddall, James Caldwell, Joseph L. Reynolds, and Leonard White were elected trustees. Willis Hargrave was chosen presi- dent and Allen Redman clerk and treasurer, and John Woods, constable. Following are some of the presidents of the board of trustees from time to time — Willis Hargrave in 1835 ; Leonard White, 1838; William Hick, 1841; S. K. Gibson, 1854. Under the general incorporation act of 1872, the first board of trustees was E. M. Wiederman, J. R. Hargrave, J, S. Bunker, E, B, Har- grave, John Donohue, William Davenport and J, AV. Clifton, the latter being president, and AV. H. Crawford, clerk. The subse- 124 GALLATIN COUNTY. quent presidents have been P. H. McCaleb, 1874; James K. Har- grave, 1875; Joseph J. Castles, 1876; J. S. Greer, 1877-78; Joseph Cook, 1879; P. Siddall, 1880; William Davenport, 1881 -82; J. W. Hale, 1883; C. E. Dupler, 1884; William Mclntire, 1885; George W. Moore, 1886. The clerks have been E. D. Bailey, 1876; O. P. Spilman, 1878; Joseph G. Bunker, 1879; B. F. Hine, 1883, and Joseph G. Bunker, 1885. The treasurers have been C. A. Caldwell, 1876-84; M. V. Baldwin, 1884, and John W. Hales, 1885 to the present time. The Gallatin Academy was established in Equality in 1836. Its board of trustees was William J. Gatewood, Timothy Guard, William Hick and George Livingston. It was taught in a build- ing erected for the Methodist Church, where Lucian Gordon now lives. It flourished for six or eight years and in it were taught the higher English branches and the classics, and its scholars came from quite a distance. Kev. Benjamin F. Spilman was the first teacher, and the later ones were a Mr. Mcllvane from Ken- tucky, John Dixon and John McCullogh, who was the last. BOWLESVILLE. Bowles ville is a small town at the end of the railroad running from Shawneetown to the old Bowlesville coal mine, not now in operation. The town was the result of the operation of the mine, and inhabited mainly by miners and their families. Mr. Bowles purchased the land here* in 1854 and in the same year the Western Mining Company, consisting of Mr. Bowles, Dr. Talbot and Thomas Logsdon, was formed and mining commenced. Dr. Tal- bot and Mr. Logsdon afterward sold out to Louisville parties, the name of the company remaining the same. Under this ar- rangement, however, very little coal was mined, and the land was permitted to be sold for taxes, Mr. Bowles buying it in and run- ning it himself. When the war stopped the operations of the HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. * 125 coal mines in Kentucky this mine had the entire demand and transacted an immense business, as many as nine steamboats being at the landing at one time, and slack selling for 10 cents per bushel and coal for 25 cents. No screening was done at that time. Mr. Bowles made a great deal of money, but died soon after the war. The property was then sold to Philadelphia par- ties, who, after operating the mine seven or eight years, have since let them remain idle. Bowles ville at its greatest prosperity con- tained one store, a grist-mill, blacksmith shop, carpenter shop, machine shop, postoffice and about 350 people. It now contains about fifty inhabitants. F. H. Sellers is and has been the only postmaster of the town. THE SALINE COAL & MANUFACTURING COMPANY. Not far from Bowles ville lies the property of the Saline Coal & Manufacturing Company, a company incorporated under the laws of Illinois January 28, 1851, by Albert G. Caldwell, Joseph Bowles and their associates. These gentlemen assigned their interests to Hibbard Jewett, who associated with himself Joseph G. Castles, and they were granted power to organize. In 1854 George E. Sellers became president of this company, which had among its stockholders such distinguished men as William B. Ogden, Thomas Corwin, Andrew H. Green (partner of Samuel J. Tilden), Gen. J. D. Webster, Eoscoe Conkling, M. Wood- ward and Joseph Alsop. The property of the company con- sisted of about 14,000 acres of land and included large areas of coal in Gallatin County and iron ore in Hardin County. It had a front of eighteen miles on the Saline River and it was the original design of the projector of the company to develop both minerals and establish an iron manufactory on the prop- erty, for which there would seem to be one of the finest opportuni- ties in the country. However, from various causes, nothing of importance beyond surveying the land and boring for coal, which was found in abundance, has been done. 126 • GALLATIN COUNTY. VILLAGES. Besides the towns above named there are a few other places, not villages dignified with names, among them, Bartley, Black- burn, Buffalo, Country Hampton, Crawford, Hell's Half Acre, Lawler, Leamington, Overton, Eobinet, Seaville, South Hampton and Wabash. Irish Store, New Market and Elba have some pre- tentions to villages or towns. CHURCH HISTORY. Shaioneetown Presbyterian Church. — The first Presbyterian minister to visit the Illinois country was probably John Evans Finley, from Chester County, Penn., who arrived at Kaskaskia in 1797. He remained, however, but a short time, retiring from fear of enrollment in the militia. The next missionaries to arrive in this country were John F. Schermerhorn and Samuel J. Mills, who were sent out by the Massachusetts & Connecticut Mis- sionary Society, and by local Bible societies. This was in the fall of 1812. In Illinois Territory there were then no Presby- terian nor Congregational ministers. Messrs. Schermerhorn and Mills touched at certain parts of the Territory, and went on down the Mississippi Eiver with Gen. Jackson to New Orleans. The next exploring missionary tour was undertaken in 181-1 by Samuel J. Mills and Daniel Smith, their expenses being borne by the Massachusetts Missionary Society, by the Philadelphia Bible Society and by the Assembly's committee of missions. From Cincinnati, Ohio, they passed through the southern portions of the Territories of Indiana and Illinois, and found only one Presby- terian minister in Indiana Territory — Eev. Samuel T. Scott, at Vincennes — and none in Illinois. On their way to St. Louis they passed through Shawneetown, where they found Judge Griswold, formerly from Connecticut; but they could not find a Bible nor a place in the Territory where a Bible could be obtained. On their return from St. Louis they again passed through Shawneetown, HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 127 and upon their second arrival in the place Judge Griswold in- formed them that an effort was being made to establish a Bible society for eastern Illinois. A certain citizen, presumably of Shawneetown, informed these pious missionaries that for the previous ten or fifteen years he had been trying to obtain a copy of the Bible, but up to the time of their visit without success. The missionaries recommended that fifty Bibles be sent to Shaw- neetown, and fifty also to St. Louis, and they expressed the opinion that it was of infinite importance that one missionary, at least, should be maintained in each of the Territories — Indiana, Illinois and Missouri. These zealous missionaries were greatly disappointed and somewhat painfully shocked to find that the Presbyterians in the Territory of Illinois, from the neglect of their Eastern brethren, had become Methodists and Baptists, and said: "In all this Territory there is not a single Presbyterian preacher, and when we arrived we learned that considerable districts had never seen one before. Already have the interests of orthodoxy and of vital godliness suffered an irretrievable loss." Soon after this, however, came a change; a Presbyterian Church was organized in what is now White County, and named the Church of Sharon — the first Presbyterian Church organized in the Territory of Illinois — in 1816, and probably in September, by Rev. James McCready, of Henderson, Ky. In this church building B. F. Spielman was ordained and installed its pastor in November, 1824. The next Presbyterian Church organized in the Territory was at Golconda, October 24, 1810. With these two churches — Sharon and Golconda — B. F. Spielman began his ministerial labors as a licentiate in 1823, connecting with them also other places in southeastern Illinois, among them Shawnee- town. It is believed he commenced his religious work in Shaw- neetown in December of that year, finding there upon his arrival but one member of the Presbyterian Church, and that one of course a woman — Mrs. Amira L. Marshall — and it was in her 128 GALLATIN COUNTY. parlor that he preached his first sermon in the place. Shawnee- town, according to writers on that period of the history of the Territory, was one of the most unpromising points for ministerial labors in the United States. For a period of between two and three years Rev. Mr. Spilman could preach here not more than once a month, but at length in May, 1826, he succeeded in organizing a church, the first members of which were six or seven women — no men. The names of these women were Mrs. Amira L. Marshall and her two sisters, Mrs. Achsah Caldwell and Mrs. Hannah Gold, Mrs. Mary Oldenburgh, Mrs. Nancy Camp- bell, and Mrs. Dutton and her daughter. The first entry upon the records of the session was as follows: Shawneetown, November, 1837. The Sacrament of the Lord's Supper was administered to the church for the first time by Rev. Benjamin F. Spilman, and the following persons were recog- nized as members: James De Wolf, Amira Marshall, Achsah Caldwell, Hannah Gold, Mary Oldenburg, Lydia Button, Sr., Lydia Dutton, Jr., Ann B. Spilman, Mary Campbell, Judith Castles. Mr. and Mrs. Thompson were considered as members but did not commune. Of the above named Amira Marshall, Hannah Gold, Mary Oldenburg, Judith Castles and Lydia Dutton, Jr., were received inlo communion for the first time. B. F. Spilman, Clerk. Mrs. Amira L. Marshall's house, in the parlor of which Mr. Spilman preached his first sermon in Shawneetown, stood and still stands on Front Street, a short distance below Mr. Charles Carroll's residence. The next place where religious services were regularly held was in one of the one-story frame houses known as Seabolt's Eow on the north side of Main Cross Street, where now stands Docker's Riverside Hotel." The room used was rented by four ladies: Mrs. Amira L. Marshall, Mrs. Kirk- patrick, Mrs. Campbell and Mrs. Ruddick. Various other places were used until at length Mrs. Marshall and Mrs. Campbell de- termined upon building a church. Mr. John Marshall headed the subscription list and soon the two ladies had collected $65, including their own subscriptions. Mr. Kirkpatrick donated a lot on the Mound on Market Street in the upper part HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 129 of the town on which to build it, the deed of which was so written that the property should always remain in the possession of the Old School branch of the Presbyterian Church. At length, in 1832, the church was completed, and "how truly grand it seemed! " It was of hewn logs and 20x30 feet in size. On the inside it had a gallery running across one end and along a part of the two sides, for the colored people. It cost about $800. But in time the old church was outgrown ; the town was improving, the streets were being paved, a splendid bank building was being erected, and the necessity had arisen for a more elegant church building, more centrally located. The result was the present brick church edifice, completed in May, 1842, at a cost of about $5,000. The parsonage stands on Main Street and commands from the upper story a fine view of the Ohio. It was purchased of E. J. Nichol- son for $2,062. The Eev. B. F. Spilman remained pastor of this church from December, 1823, to 184:5, when he temporarily retired. Rev. William G. Allen was pastor from 18-46 to 1848, and Rev. J. M. McCord from 1848 to 1851, on November 23 of which year Rev. Mr. Spilman returned, was installed in June, 1853, and remained until his death. May 3, 1859. He was succeeded by Rev. N. F. Tuck, who remained until August, 1860; Rev. Benjamin C. Swan from October, 1860, to the fall of 1862, when he became chaplain of the Thirteenth Regiment of Illinois Volunteers. He returned to the church as supply pastor November 16, 1863, was installed November 20, 1864, and remained until August 1, 1868. Rev. Charles C, Hart began his labors as pastor in October, was installed November 12, 1868, and remained until October 9, 1871. Rev. A. R. Mathes Avas installed December 6, 1872, and remained until April, 1875, and was succeeded by Rev. J. M. Green, who was supply pastor until the beginning of 1878, and the present pastor. Rev. John McCurdy Robinson, took charge June 1, and was installed November 14, 1878. 130 GALLATIN COUNTY. The following persons have been elders in this church : Wash- ington A. G. Posey, John Siddall, George W. Cajton, Alexander Kirkpatrick, John Kirkpatrick, William H. Stickney, John L. Campbell, Allen Redman, Matthew Hunter, Thomas S. Ridgway, John McKee Peeples, Robert Reid, George A. Ridgway, Joseph W. Redden, Benjamin F. Brockett, Henderson B. Powell, Carl Roedel and Dr. L. H. Adams. During the last year of Mr. Spilman's labor, seventy-seven persons joined his church. In April, 1870, there was a member- ship of 157; in 1878 there were 128, and at the present time 150. Large sums of money have been contributed by this church for benevolent and educational purposes, and their position upon the question of the morality of dancing is that " dancing, even in moderation and in private society, is not innocent." The presbytery of Saline was organized by the synod of Illi- nois (Old School), October 8, 1858, and included most of the southeastern part of the State, sixteen counties. At that time it had only four ministers and nine churches. This presbytery met at Shawneetown, April 5, 1860. John Mack was enrolled as a licentiate, examined and ordained, sine iiinlo, April 8. This presbytery, in 1870, became the presbytery of Cairo. The Presbyterian Church, of Saline Mines, was organized as a branch of Shawneetown Church, November 12, 1869, by Rev. C. C. Hart, pastor of Shawneetown Church, and three of the elders: J. M. Peeples, Matthew Hunter and Robert Reid. The Lord's Supper was administered and meetings continued, daily, for two weeks. On April 2, 1870, this branch church was or- ganized as an independent church; Robert Reid and Robert Wright were made elders, and the name at the beginning of this paragraph was chosen. Religious services were, for several years, held by the elders of the church, especially by Robert Reid. Services have continued until the present time by George H. Potter and Elder Robert Reid, the latter of whom was ordained HISTORY or ILLINOIS. 131 to the ministry, in September, 1884:. A frame church building 24x40 feet has been erected at a cost of about §700. It will seat about 175 persons. The Sunday-school consists of fifty scholars. Eev. Eobert Keid is superintendent and J. M. Proc- tor, assistant. Equality Presbyterian Church was organized May 26, 1832, by Eev. B. F. Spilman, and the church was under his care until 1845. During his absence in Madison and Eandolph Counties, the church became somewhat reduced. On the 15th of Decem- ber, 1849, the following paper was adopted: " The undersigned members of the Presbyterian Church, at Equality, 111., having, in some way, lost all the records of the church, and being desirous still to continue the ordinance of God's house, do hereby agree to continue under the old style of the Equality Presbyterian Church, under the care of the pres- bytery of Kaskaskia. "William C. Campbell, John L. Campbell, Timothy Guard, Alexander Guard, Andrew Stephenson, Martha E. Guard, Emily Herritt, Sarah Brown, Sarah Crawford, Apphia Flanders, Deb- orah Flanders, Israel D. Towl, Abner Flanders, Sr., Samuel C. Elder, Elizabeth Hayes, Ann V. Campbell, Martha Siddall, Mary A. Eobinson, Mary Brown, Varanda J. White, Eliza Towl." Israel D. Towl is said to have been the first elder and the only male member of the congregation at the time of its organi- zation, but at that time there were ten female members. After the reorganization above recorded, the first elders were Israel D. Towl and John S. Campbell. Other elders have been as follows : C. C. Guard and J. S. Eobinson, J. W. Clifton, William C. Camp- bell, Ephraim Proctor, Alexander Guard, William H. McComb, William T. Grimes. Up to 1876 this church cannot be said to have prospered, the reason being frequent changes in the ministry. Among the ministers who have supplied have been Eev. John Mack in 1861, 132 GALLATIN COUNTY. Eev. B. Leffler in 1862, Eev. J. B. McComb from March, 1868, to October, 1870, and Rev. John Branch in 1873. Several others preached occasionally, but none very long at a time. Abner Flanders in 1865 gave a parsonage, worth about ^500, to the church, and previous to the time mentioned above (1876), there had been connected with the organization more than 150 persons.* Since 1876 the history of the church has been briefly as fol- lows: It has been served by Revs. R. C. Galbreath, B. C. Swan and Robert Reid, and arrangements are now being made to erect a church building. Eagle Creek Presbyterian Church is located on the Ford's road about one-half mile above Eagle Creek bridge, and eight miles south of Equality. It was started in 1875, by Elder George H. Potter, who preached there only once a month. The organization was efPected in June, 1876, with nineteen members. Since then Elder Potter and Rev. Robert Reid have alternated in preaching for this church. The membership is now forty-five. A church building was erected in 1878, 84x40 feet in size, which will seat 200 persons. It cost about $900. A. M. Gibson is the superintendent of the Sunday-school, which has forty scholars. The Palestine Cumberland Presbyterian Church was regu- larly organized December 25, 1852. This organization was the result of a movement commenced in 1848, when a few of the pioneers agreed to build a house of worship if Rev. R. M. Davis would agree to preach. This house of worship was a neat hewed-log structure, which served its purpose for forty years. The present large, well-furnished, frame building was erected in 1868 at a cost of $3,000. Rev. R. M. Davis is the only pastor the church has ever had. The first elders were John Kinsell, Eli Price, Lewis West and Allen Dugger. The present church is situated on a portion of Rev. Mr. Davis' land, donated by him to *From Norton's History of the Presbyterian Church in Illinoia. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 133 the organization, which has been remarkably prosperous, having received in all about 700 members into the fold, the present num- ber being 300. The Sunday-school was organized in 1851, with John Kinsall as superintendent. Hazel Eidge Cumberland Presbyterian Church was organized September 1, 1881, by Rev. R. M. Davis. The elders were L. Shain, J. B. Edwards and John Burns, and the number of orie- inal members was twelve. A house of worship was erected in 1883, 30x50 feet in size, at a cost of $865. It was dedicated June 8, 1884, by Rev. Mr. Davis. The present membership is seventy. Liberty Cumberland Presbyterian Church, three miles north- east of Ridgway, was organized in 1855 by Rev. Gen. F. M. Bean. It flourished until his death, since which time it has had but meager success. Concord Cumberland Presbyterian Church, two and one-half miles northwest of Ridgway, was organized in 1858, by Rev. Gen. F. M. Bean and M. Brown. After partially failing, it was reor- ganized by William E. Davis. It now has a supply of preaching and is doing very well. New Haven Cumberland Presbyterian Church was organized in 1866, a church building having beeen erected in 1865. Rev. R. M. Davis was pastor until 1869; Rev. M. Green became pas- tor in 1885. The first elders of this church were Andrew Mel- vin, Joseph L, Purvis and Benjamin T. Mize, and the first mem- bership amounted to twenty-five. In 1869 there were sixty members and at present there are forty. In early days there was a large congregation of this denom- ination on Eagle Creek. Rev. R. M. Davis preached for them about six years. It is now but a small congregation. There was also organized a church at Ringgold, six miles south of Shaw- neetown, about 1860, which has been ministered unto by a num- ber of preachers. The present minister is Rev. Mr. Fields, and the organization is just building a church. 134 GALLATIN COUNTY. The first Cumberland Presbyterian Church in Gallatin County was organized, it is believed, by Joseph M. Street near Shawnee- town, but the exact date could not be learned. It was afterward moved to "Dillard's Place," near the present site of New Market, and then in 1830 moved to near the present site of Eidgway and there organized by Rev. David W. McLin as New Pleasant Cum- berland Presbyterian Church. The place was known for some time as Crawford's Camp-ground before there were any church buildings in the county, except, possibly, at Shawneetown. At the time of this organization or rather reorganization, there were two ordained ministers in Gallatin County of this denomination — John Crawford and Benjamin F. Bruce — and one licentiate, John Bennett. The ruling elders of this New Pleasant Church were James Dillard, Sr., John V. Sherwood, Isaiah W. Petti- grew, John Murphy, Sr., John Alexander, James Fleming and Isaac N. Hannah. With their election the organization was com- pleted in September, 1830. Oak Grove Cumberland Presbyterian Church, located about half way between Omaha and New Haven, and nearly on the county line, was organized March 31, 1862, by Rev. R. M. Davis with twenty-eight members. A frame church building was erected in 1869, costing ^1,500. Its pastors have been Rev. R. M. Davis, Rev. Martin Brown, and the present pastor, Rev. Z. T. Walker, of Norris City. It is a large and flourishing organi- zation. The Methodist Churches. — The early ministers of this de- nomination in southern Illinois were mostly itinerants. In 1812 this part of the Territory was embraced in a district extending from near Cairo, up the Ohio and Wabash Rivers to Mt. Carmel, and probably above this point and into Indiana, including several churches, with Peter Cartwright as presiding elder. Thomas S. Fills traveled a circuit embracing all of southern Illinois south of Mt. Vernon, including Equality, and it is believed, Shawnee- HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 135 town. The Carmi Circuit was formed in 1825, with Robert Delap as the preacher. In 1831 the Shawneetown Circuit was formed, embracing about the same territory as the Carmi Circuit. Charles Slocumb, an earnest and eloquent man, was the preach- er. He was again appointed to this circuit in 1833, with James Harsha as colleague. This year there were reported but five members, but this must have been a mistake, as in 1834 Slocumb and Harsha reported 555 members. In 1834 John Fok was ap- pointed to this circuit, and found John Crenshaw one of the main supporters of Methodism in this region. In 1835 G. W. Strib- ling was appointed to the circuit; in 1836, Isaac L. Barr and Christopher J. Houts, who returned 407 members; in 1837 Rev. Mr. Barr was apjwinted alone and returned 333 members; in L838 James Hadley reported 346; in 1839, Thomas C. Lopas, 296, and in 1840, G. W. Stribling, 297. In 1841, when on cer- tain authority there were but two Methodists in Shawneetown, that place was made a station and George J. Barrett appointed to the charge. He was somewhat eccentric, but a fine speaker ind very popular. In 1842 he reported fifty members, and in 1843, 100. Norris Hobart came in 1844, and had trouble about completing the church building commenced by Mr. Barrett. It was taken possession of under a mechanic's lien, but after some years was redeemed. Mr. Hobart returned forty-four members. From 1844 for several years Shawneetown ceased to be a station, but was instead placed in a circuit called Shawneetown, and James M. Massey and James F. Jaques appointed thereto. In 1845 Joseph H. Hopkins was Massey' s colleague. In 184(5 Robert Ridgeway and Daniel Fairbank were appointed, and in 1847 Shawneetown was made a two weeks' circuit, Equality be- ing the other principal point, the preacher residing at Equality. Charles W. Munsell was appointed in 1847, and in 1848 he was succeeded by R. W. Travis, who had for his colleague Ephraim Joy. In 1850 the name of the circuit was changed to Equality, 13G GALLATIN COUNTY. which name was continued for a number of years, that being the residence of the preacher. Shawneetown was again made a station in 1858, with Thomas M. Boyle as preacher, who was succeeded by J. A. Robinson, who was followed by Z. S. Clifford, who preached both at Shawnee- town and Equality for a number of years. B. R. Price lived at Equality and ministered at Shawneetown when the station was very weak. In 1868 F. L. Thompson was appointed; in 1870, W. J. Whitaker; in ISTl, Jesse^ P. Davis; in 1872, Ephraim Joy; in 1873, G. W. Farmer, and in 1874. J. ^Y. Van Cleve; in 1876 J. B. Thompson was appointed and remained three years; in 1879, V. C. Evers; in 1881, Rev. Mr. Maneer; in 1882, Olin B. Rippetoe; in 1884, L. M. Flocken, and in 1886, Rev. J. E. Nickerson. The church building, damaged by the floods to the extent of ^500, has been repaired. The Bethlehem Methodist Episcopal Church was organized and a house of worship erected in 1868, the dedication of the building taking place February 15 of that year. At this time there was a membership of fifty. The New Haven Methodist Episcopal Church was started in 1872. Among its pastors have been Revs. Mr. Fields, J. J. R. Reaf, C. W. Morris and A. W. Morris. The church is now in quite a flourishing condition. The Omaha Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in 1879. A building has been erected at a cost of $800, which was dedicated Sej^tember 16, 1882. At first there were twenty -five members. The pastors have been Revs. Mr. Hobbs, J. J. R. Reaf and C. W. Morris. The Catholic Church. — The first Catholic immigrant to Gal- latin County was John Lawler, who came from Ireland in 1830. The late famous M. K, LaAvler, a general in the Union Army during the war of the Rebellion, and Thomas Lawler, likewise a soldier, were his sons. A few more Irish families moved in soon HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 137 after John Lawler and settled about half way between Shawnee- town and New Haven, the settlement being known for a long time as the Pond settlement, but is now known as Waltonboro. Here the first Catholic Chapel was built about 1848 or 1849. The families then residing there were the Lawlers, Maloneys, McGuires,Murphys, Keanes, Dalys, Walshes, and DufPys. The Doherty brothers mjved in a few years later. A new and stately frame church building, the largest now in Gallatin County, was erected in 1879. In Shawneetown several Catholic families, mainly of Irish nationality, located as early as 1840, and later a few German Catholics came in. All the Catholics here were attended by Kev. Father Durbin from the church of the Sacred Heart at Uniontown, Ky., who is still living. The first baptism recorded here was on November 16, 1842. Numerous other priests paid visits to Shawneetown in the following years. Since the erection of the church building at that place, about thirty years ago, there has always been a resident priest at Shawneetown. Among the first of these was Father Lewis Lambert, from 1860 to 1862. Father Lambert was a noted man and Catholics look with great pride upon his controversy, and other connections and contrasts, with another noted man. Col. Robert G. Ingersoll, who formerly was a resident and law student at Shawneetown. Father J. Eensmann, priest at Ridgway, says: " Lambert and Ingersoll two remarkable men. "We meet both in Shawneetown, the one a priest, the other a lawyer; we find them again on the same bat- tlefield, the one as an army chaplain, the other as a colonel, and a third time they come before the public on religious battle- ground. Father Lambert the defender of revealed truth. Col. In- gersoll its scoffer." Father Lambert was author of " Notes on Ingersoll " and other works. After him came to Shawneetown Father S. Wagner, 1862-67; Francis Mueller, 1867-70; Father Demminjr started the 138 GALLATIN COUNTY. Catholic school named St. Mary's, the building for which was completed by his successor, J. Reusmann. On May 16, 1874, a meeting was held at the church of the Immaculate Conception to protest against the removal of Rev. Father Anton Demming, it being thought that no successor could take up his work where he laid it down and carry it on to success. But the protest was of no avail ; Father J. Rensmann remained with the church until October, 1879, when he was succeeded by Father Adam Leufgen, who remained one year, and was followed by Father William Krug, who remained until 1883. In this year trouble arose in St. Mary's School because in the fall three colored children of Catholic parents were admitted thereto. Rev. Mr. Krug, upon the breaking out of the trouble, wrote to Bishop Baltes at Alton for instructions, and the Bishop in reply directed that the rules of the Catholic Church, which make no difference on account of color or nationality, be sustained. As a consequence it became necessary to close the school, and Father Krug left Shawneetown for Morganfield, Ky. The sister teachers also left the town. This trouble over the admission of colored children to the school, coupled with the damage caused by the floods, has prevented the school from being reopened. After a brief pastorate of six months by Rev. Father Joseph Poston, the present pastor. Rev. Carl Eckert, took charge of the church in April, 1885. About thirty families are connected with the church of the Immaculate Conception. In the meantime a Catholic Church was built at Ridgway, where the Devons, Drones, Braziers, Moores, Kaufmans, Bowleses and Wathens were the first Catholics, about 1875. This congregation has enjoyed a more rapid growth than the others. In 1879 Rev. J. Rensmann was called from Shawneetown. In 1883 a parochial school was built at Ridgway and taught by Sis- ters. The school has also grown strong, and a second teacher is needed therein. The number of families in the congregation is HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 139 about seventy-two, and it is in contemplation to bnild a large brick church. In Equality a Catholic Church was built in 1881. The con- gregation, numbering about thirty families, is attended from Eidgway. The Social Brethren* have three churches in Gallatin County ; Green Valley Church, eight miles south of Equality, organized in 1875 by Rev. Hiram T. Brannon, has at present sixty-four members. Their services, conducted in turn by the difPerent pastors of the denomination within the Southern Illinois Associa- tion, were held in the schoolhouse until 1887, when a church building was erected, 24x36 feet, at a cost of S500. Rocky Branch Church was organized in 1880, by Rev. Hiram T. Brannon. Its membership now is now fifty -five. This organization has a church building 24x36 feet in size, which cost $400, Equality Church of the Social Brethren was organized March 10, 1887, by Rev, Hiram T. Brannon, with ten members. The first meeting was held in the brick schoolhouse on the public square, where preach- ing is had once each month. SCHOOL HISTORY. Previous to the adoption of the common school law, which was approved in 1855, there were comparatively few public schools in Gallatin County, and those few were supported, of course, by private subscriptions. There were a few of these subscription schools in existence in 1820. The teachers were mostly foreign- ers who were prospecting through the western States and Terri- tories, and who taught school when and because out of funds. One of these early schools was taught in the vicinity of the pres- ent site of Omaha, by a colored man named Pros Robinson, about 1820. Sandy Trousdale taught on Sterling Edward's farm in 1826, The parents of the pupils usually paid at the rate *For origin of this denomination of Christians see Saline County. 140 GALLATIN COUNTY. o£ 31 per month per scholar, the teacher requiring about eighteen scholars to make up the school. Sometimes when the required number of scholars could not be found, one or more of the pa- trons of the school would pay for one or more scholars with the privilege of adding pupils to the school until his subscription was full. The teacher generally paid $1.25 per week for board. In course of time settlers came in who were competent to teach, and they naturally superseded the peripatetic pedagogues, though it is not claimed that any very marked improvement in methods was the result, but a beneficial change was made in adding one term of school each year. Under the neAv arrangement one term was taught in summer and one in the winter — the former exclu- sively for the small children, the latter being attended also by the larger boys and girls. The first teacher in the southern part of the county, whose name can now be ascertained, was a Mr. Stephenson, who taught in about 1822 or 1823. The building used w^as a large one originally erected for a barn. Afterward a floor was laid in it, and it was used for a dwelling house, and then for a schoolhouse. It stood on high ground in the west part of Shawneetown. One of the early teachers of Shawnee- town should not be forgotten; he was an educated Irishman named John Cassidy, and is well remembered. He taught in about 1825 or 1826. John W. McClernand was one of his pupils as was Joseph B. Barger. Mr. Cassidy was a very irascible gen- tleman, as well as very learned; was very aristocratic in his feel- ings and hard to please, so much so that after the ladies of Shaw- neetown became familiar with these peculiarities none of them would take him to board. One other reason of his unpopularity with the ladies was that he would excuse no scholar's absence from school except upon the written request or explanation of the father, and the result of this animosity on the part of the la- dies was that Mr. Cassidy kept "bachelor's hall" during nine of the twelve or fifteen months of pedagogic sojourn in Shawnee- HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 141 town. During these nine months he taiight his scholars in a frame building standing on Main Street where now stands A. G. Eicheson's hardware store. For common scholars he charged S3 per half year, while for those pursuing Latin his price was SI. 50 per month. For truancy and failure to prepare lessons, punish- ment was not parsimonious, and was certain and severe. There was no compunction of conscience connected with it, and but little feeling, except on the part of the delinquent. The instrument of torture employed was a sole-leather strap about an inch and a half wide and three feet long. It had an exceedingly stimulating effect upon the student, and failure to prepare lessons was unusu- ally rare. In fact, it is doubtful whether better lessons have ever been learned since the departure of this model Irish peda- gogue. One remarkable thing about him was that notwithstand- ing his unpopularity with women, he was always popular with men. He was very intelligent, naturally sociable, had great con- versational powers, and could rule their sons. After he had sought other climes a building was erected on purpose for a schoolhouse, a description of which it seems nec- essary to preserve. It was built of little, black hickory logs, about 10 inches in diameter, and was 18x20 feet in size. The floor was made of puncheons, and the fire-place extended en- tirely across one end of the room. For want of bricks a kind of mortar was made of clay, with which the logs were plastered to a height sufficient to protect them from the blaze. Logs were placed upon the fire from twelve to fifteen feet long, no short wood being iised. For chimney there was nothing but a hole about three feet square, in the roof, directly over the fire- place, yet it is credibly related that this primitive chimney never smoked. For windows, holes about a foot square were cut in the walls, in each of which was fastened a piece of foolscap paper, greased. For desks upon which to write and lay their Webster's spelling books, boards were laid on pins driven into 142 GALLATIN COUNTY. auger-holes bored into the walls, with a proper slant, and benches were made by splitting a log through the middle, and setting the half logs up on legs,driven into auger-holes bored into the rounding sides. These benches stood before the desks in such a position that to use the desks, the scholars sat with their faces to the wall. Other buildings were erected from time to time, as they were demanded, similar to, or varying from this, according to circum- stances and taste. It is typical, and no other of the kind need be described. The first teacher in this temple of learning was named Gregory. He ''boarded round" among his scholars who lived sufficiently near, but could not board with those who came six miles to school, as some of them did. For the balance of the time he paid as high as $1.25 per week for board and washing. The next teacher was James Stinson, afterward surveyor of Gal- latin County. As times improved, better schoolhouses were erected, and better educated teachers employed. In 1850, ac- cording to the United States census for that year, there were in the county twenty schools, with twenty teachers, and 896 scholars attending school. The public school fund amounted to $800, and other funds to $1,975. There was one school with an endow- ment of $60. The numbers of adult persons who could not read and write were, of whites — male, 232 ; female, 331 ; and of col- ored — males, 69 — females, 87; total, 719. The population was then as follows: White — male, 2,618; female, 2,477; colored — male, 153; female, 200; total population, 5,448. The public school fund mentioned above was derived from the sale of lands set apart for school purposes, under the celebrated ordinances of 1787, usually the sixteenth section in each town- ship, with occasionally other lands. Joseph Hayes was school commissioner, at least as early as 1834, for from June 1 of that year to March 1, 1836, he sold off 600 acres of land for $108.80. Up to March 15, 1838, he sold, in addition to the above, 1,360 HISTOKY OF ILLINOIS. 143 acres for |1,720. On June 7, 1841, the school fund on hand amounted to $1,G8U. Samuel Elder succeeded Joseph Hayes as school commissioner, and according to his report, made Septem- ber 7, 1844, he had paid out during the previous school year to the different townships $1,225.70^. The lowest amount paid to any teacher was $1.20^, and the highest amount $47.25i. The total number of scholars in the county then, Saline County not having been set off, was 5,977. On the 26th of April, 1840, the school commissioners of Gallatin and Saline Counties were or- dered to settle, and divide the school fund in accordance with the provisions of the act creating Saline County, each county to re- ceive an equal share of what was then on hand, and no dividend was to be made to that portion of the county which had been cu off from Gallatin and attached to Hardin County, containing, it was thought, 385 children, until the taxes in that portion of the county should be paid for 1846, except by the commissioners, and in that case the commissioners of the two counties of Galla- tin and Saline agree to pay an equal proportion of that fund. Some of the provisions of the law establishing the present common-school system were as follows: That a school commis- sioner should be elected for two years ; at that time he should re- port to the State superintendent each congressional township that was established a township for school purposes, and in each township there should be three trustees, and the townships were to be divided into school districts, each district to have three directors, also elected for two years. The State school fund was fixed at 20 cents on the $100, at which it remained until recently, when the law was so changed that a State common- school fund of $1,000,000 was established, the levy varying from year to year, according to the changes in the assessed value of property in the several counties, and the $1,000,000 thus raised is distributed to the several counties according to the number of school children in each county. In 1883 the State 144 GALLATIN COUNTY. school tax in Gallatin County was 12 cents on the ^100; in 1885 and 1886, it was 14 cents. The directors in each district are authorized by law to levy a tax according to the necessities of their district, but not in any one year to exceed 20 cents on each $100, except for building purposes, when 30 cents additional may be levied, but not more. With reference to the county superintendency in its various forms it may be stated that it was established in 1829, the officer then being known as the school commissioner of lands. In 1840 this commissioner was required to distribute the school fund, and in 1841 he was first elected by the people. In 1845 it be- came a part of his duty to examine teachers, and in 1849 he was made an inspector of schools, but it was not until 1865 that he was known as county superintendent of schools. The following is believed to be a complete list of the school commissioners: Joseph Hayes, Samuel Elder, George W. Hise and Josiah E. Jackson, the latter of whom served from 1851 to 1864, and on the 6th of January, of this year, turned over the school fund amounting then to $1,076.83, to his successor, N. P. Holderby. During Mr. Holderby' s term as commissioner, the office of county superintendent was created, and he became the first super- intendent, serving from 1865 to 1874. Thomas J. Cooper suc- ceeded and served until 1881. H. P. Bozarth served during 1882, when Hugh C. Gregg was elected and was superintendent until 1886, when the present incumbent, Thomas J. Proctor, was elected. The present condition of the schools is shown very nearly by the following facts and statistics taken from the superintend- ent's report for 1883. The total number of schools in the county was then fifty-six, in three districts of which they are graded: Kidgway, Omaha and Equality. The number of schoolhouses belonging to the county was in that year fifty-five, two of them brick, ten log and forty-three frame. About one-half of them HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 145 are good schoolliouses and in good repair, while the rest are in- different or poor, and the apparatus is as yet inadequate to the necessities of the schools. In 1885 but one school was kept less than the constitutionally required time, 110 days; of the three graded schools, two were in session six months each and the other, nine months, and the ungraded schools were in session a trifle over six months on the average. The scholars enrolled in the graded schools numbered in one 65, in another 137, and in the third 373, a total of 575, and the number of teachers en- gaged in them was 11 — three males and eight females. In the ungraded schools there were 52 male teachers and 22 females. The total number of scholars between the ages of six and twenty- one, was, males, 2,119; females, 1,977, and the total number under twenty-one was, males, 3,296; females, 3,095, and the number between twelve and twenty-one, unable to read and write was, males, 52 ; females, 22. The highest wages paid any male teacher was ^111.10 per month, and the lowest 3^0, and the high- est monthly wages paid any female teacher was $52.85, and the lowest $25. The total amount of money paid to male teachers was $11,596.16, and to female teachers, $5,798. The amount of district tax levy was $19,691.17. The estimated value of school property was $11,510, value of apparatus $1,978, and of the libraries $75. The bonded debt of the county was $10,150. While the schools are in general making steady progress, yet it is evident to all that greater efficiency is desirable. One rea- son for the past inefficiency was doubtless the inadequate compen- sation of the superintendents. In 1882 the superintendent re- ceived but $218.15; in 1888 but $215.57; in 1881 but $806.10, and in 1885 but $309.31. Since then the office has become a salaried one, the salary now being $800 per year, and it is believed that it will have a tendency to attract men of greater ability and learn- ing to the position, o 146 GALLATIN COUNTY. THE SHAWNEETOWN PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The first school directors in District No. 1, the Shawneetown district, were A. B. Saiford, Kev. B. F. Spilman and Joseph B. Barger, and much credit is due, especially to Kev. B. F. Spilman^ for the establishment of the common-school system, and to all three of the directors for the successful initiation of the first free school in Shawneetown. A. D. Safford was its earnest and able advocate and main support. The first teachers were Dr. Mary E. Safford, now of Boston, Mass., and her sister, who performed noble duty for the schools. These schools were improved in their character from time to time, according to the ability and skill of the teachers employed, but were not systematically graded until 1882. For many years they were taught in a frame building, near the corner of Market and Third North Cross Street, and until the completion of the brick building now in use. The prin- cipals of this school have been Daniel G. May in 1859; G. E. Smith, 1860-61; Edward Henry, 1862-63; David Smith, 1864- 65; S. E. Willing, 1866; Kev. N. F. Tuck, 1867; Carl Koedel, 1868; James M. Carter, 1869-70; James H. Brownlee, 1871-73; Warner Craig, 1874-76; F. E. Callicott, 1877; George L. Guy, 1878-82, and C. J. Lemen, 1882 to the present time. In 1875 a proposition was submitted to bond the district to the amount of $20,000, for the purchase of a schoolhouse site and the erection of a new schoolhouse, which carried by a vote of 154 for it to 35 against it ; but this proposition was never reduced to practice. Another proposition was submitted to the people, No- vember 15, 1881, which was to issue $10,000 to purchase a site with, and to erect a new school building. The site to be voted for or against, was described as lots 19 to 24 inclusive, in block 9, Pool's addition to Shawneetown. This location received 149 votes to eight votes for all other locations, and the new school- house received 140 votes, and there were 34 votes against it. After the failure of a contract with R. H. Stanley, of McLeans- . HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 147 boro, another contract was made with Peter Hyatt and Eicheson & Cromwell to build the schoolhouse for |9,985, and afterward $835 was added to the price, thus making the new buildino- cost about $11,000. This, added to the cost of the lots, $1,000, makes the cost of the school property $12,000, The clock was addi- tional, and cost $800. The building is two stories high above the basement, and the rooms, four on each floor, are so arranged that they receive light from three sides ; and each is capable of seating comfortably about fifty pupils. The school is divided into six grades, the lowest grade being numbered 1 and the highest 0. Each grade comprises one year's study. The total enrollment for the district is 450, of which 87 are colored pupils. During the last five years the schools have very mate- rially improved. In 1882 the percentage of attendance on enroll- ment was seventy-five; it is now from ninety to ninety-four. In 1882 the number of cases of tardiness was 670; during the last year about forty. The teachers in the school for white children at the present time, 1887, are as follows: First grade. Miss Joanna Golden ; second. Miss Ida Sisson ; third, Miss Mary Hun- ter; fourth. Miss Jean Docker; fifth. Miss Alice Hunter, and sixth, C. J. Lemen. In . the sixth grade there are about forty pupils, and usually about one-half of them are pursuing higl^ school studies, as natural philosophy, physiology, zoology and botany, civil government, physical geography, rhetoric and algebra. No class in geometry has yet been formed. Thus far these studies have been introduced only so far as could be done without interfering with the regular grammar school course. RIDGWAY SCHOOLS. Kidgway has a new schoolhouse, built in the fall of 1880. It is a frame one-story building, with two rooms, and the school is divided into two grades, primary and principal, in each of which there are about eighty pupils. The first principal in this new 148 GALLATIN COUNTY. building was W. S. Phillips in 1880. R. E. Brinkly was the principal teacher in 1881, 1882 and 1883, and the present prin- cipal, M. E. Fiilk, has taught since 1885. Miss Mollie Hamilton was assistant in 1885, and Miss Mary Wathen in 1886, and is the present assistant. OMAHA AND EQUALITY SCHOOLS. Omaha has a large two-story schoolhouse and has had a graded school since 187-1. The first principal was H. C. Bozarth, and he was succeeded by R. D. Kinsall, J. M. Kinsall, M. M. Robin- son, A. H. Kinsall, W. E. Terrell, H. P. Bozarth and W. E. Fer- rell, the latter of whom was assisted by Miss R. Martin. The school in Equality was organized under the common- school law almost immediately upon its approval. The first prin- cipal was John L. Howell and his assistant was Mrs. E. J. Humphrey. Mr. Howell retired at the end of his first year be- cause he had not the hardness of heart required to inflict the needed corporal punishment upon refi-actory pupils. He was succeeded by T. N. Stone, who remained but a part of the year 1856, Mrs. Humphreys still assistant. Dwite Spafford became principal in October, 1856. Following are the names of the sw5ceeding principals: James Ewing, commencing in 1859; J. Webster Childs, April, 1860; A. H. Morford, November, 1861; James Conner, 1862; T. J. Heath, 1865; Sullivan N. Gibson, 1868; C. F. Church, 1871; Oliver Edwards, 1872; T. L. Mc- Grath, 1873; D. O. Haws, 1874; W. L. Hall, 1877; H. L. Douglass, 1878; J. B. Ford, 1880; J. F. Cassidy, 1881; George Burlingame, 1883; A. C. Rodgers, present principal, 1885. The school is divided into three grades: primary, intermediate and grammar, taught respectively by Miss Winifred Holderly, daughter of Nathaniel Holderly ; Miss Alice M. Bailey and A. C. Rodgers. There are 70, 38 and 42 pupils in the three grades, respectively, commencing with the primary. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 149 SALINE COUNTY. LOCATION, BOUNDARY AND SURFACE. SALINE COUNTY is in the southeastern corner of Illinois and is bounded on the north by Hamilton County, on the east by Gallatin County, on the south by Hardin and Pope Counties and on the west by Williamson and Franklin Counties. It is in the form of a parallelogram, being twenty-one miles from north to south and eighteen miles from east to west, thus con- taining 378 square miles or 241,920 acres. The surface of the county is somewhat hilly, more so than that of Gallatin County. Gold Hill Kidge extends beyond the limits of Gallatin County into Saline County, and forms a con- spicuous elevation in the southeastern part of this county. In Somerset Township this ridge is known there as Prospect Hill or Eagle Mountains. As determined by the barometer the height of these mountains above low water in the Saline Eiver is 590 feet, and after crossing the low lands in the central southern por- tion of the county the same elevation again aj^pears in the south- western corner of the county near the village of Stone Fort. The middle, northern and western portions of the county, though gen- erally level, are broken by hills and ridges varying from ten to eighty feet above high water mark of the streams, " Crusoe's Island" in nearly the geographical center of the county, is about sixty feet high and is surmounted by the village of Harris- burg, the approaches to which are made of low levees. The principal water courses are the Saline, with its South and North Forks, and the Little Saline. These streams, as well as their small tributaries, have low banks and as a consequence the bot- tom lands are to a great extent overflowed in the rainy seasons. 150 SALINE COUNTY. GEOLOGICAL FEATURES. The geology of this county is similar to that of Gallatin. The exposed portions of the Chester Group, according to the State geologist's report, are about 350 feet in thickness, as shown by the following section taken by him at Prospect Hill. Millstone grit 160 feet Covered space, sandstone? beloai^ing to the Chester Group 120 feet A.rchimedes limestone 3 " Green marly shale 20 " Gray limestone, ' ' Cave rock " 25 " Covered space 120 " Quartzose sandstone 20 " Cherty limestone 30 " Covered, sandstone? 20 " 357 " 517 " Fossils are not found in this county, with the exception of a fragment of Archimedes associated with entrochites. In the limestone marked "cave rock, '.' in the above section, is a subter- ranean cavern which has acquired considerable notoriety. This cave has been explored to considerable distances in different directions, and must have been originally of great beauty, but many of the dependent stalactites have been rudely and ruth- lessly broken off by th e destructive hand of the exploring vandal. The millstone grit superimposed upon the Chester limestone lies at the base of the productive coal measures. This millstone is conglomerate composed mainly of a reddish brown sandstone? containing round pebbles of quartz. It appears at Prospect Hill and also in the southeastern and southwestern portions of the county in the vicinity of the Stone Fort, which is on Section 34, Township 10, Eauge 5 east of the principal meridian. It is a massive pebbly sandstone from sixty to seventy feet thick. The Old Stone Fort is built upon the highest portion of the ridge, and contains from three to four acres. It appears to have been built by throwing together loose stones into a wall-heap without any attempt at order in their arrangement. This ancient fort was HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 151 well protected on its south side by a perpeudicular wall of con- glomerate sixty to seventy feet thick on its exposed vertical face, and is in all probability one of those interesting monuments, so numerous throughout the entire Mississippi Yalley, to a race of men, the history of whose wars, of whose arts of peace, of whose conquests, of whose joys and sufferings and of whose final expul- sion and extinction can never pass beyond the stage of inference and conjecture. The coal in this county is represented by No. 5, Avhich is probably the lowest workable seam. It is nearly five feet thick and is opened on Section 24, Township 9, Kange 7 east, where it dips at the rate of seventy feet per mile. Coal No. 7 is found on Section 15, Township 9, Range 7 east, at Mr. Green's at a depth of about thirty feet. In sinking a well this vein was here found to be four feet thick. At Ingram's mine, about one and a half miles southeast of Harrisburg, on Section 22, Township 9, Range 6, the vein is from five to six feet thick. While these are the principal seams of coal in this county, yet there are other veins of coal for a minute description of which the reader is referred to the State geologist's report. The copper found in Saline County evidently belongs to the drift period, hence it would be useless to attempt to find valuable mines of this mineral here; and although it is believed that salt was many years ago manufactured in paying quantities it is not now worked. There is an abundance of good limestone for build- ing purposes, but little valuable quick lime. There is good clay for fire brick, building brick and pottery, and plenty of good timber, the principal varieties being black walnut, white oak, cypress, hickory and poplar, on the uplands, while on the low lands grow the sweet gum, sassafras and mulberry. SOIL AND NATURAL PRODUCTIONS. The soils are similar to those of Gallatin County. Along the 152 SALINE COUNTY. water courses is a black sandy loam and there are extensive tracts of post oak flats, the soil of which is of an ashen color, close, compact clay very tenacious and almost impervious to water, re- quiring proper ditching and underdraining before the full bene- fits can be obtained from its culture. Intermediate between these two varieties is what is known as the " gum soil," which also needs to be thoroughly drained before it can be in the best con- dition. Besides these three there is a good, strong soil, which occupies the greater portion of the county, known as the " drift soil," which on the highest points and on the low, rolling lands is from ten to twenty feet thick. This is particularly good for small grains and clover, but like some of the other varieties needs more or less draining. Tobacco is one of the staple products of this county, in 1875 5,500 acres having been devoted to this crop alone. SETTLEMENT AND LAND ENTEIES. Following is a list of the land entries in Saline County pre- vious to the admission of the State of Illinois into the Union. While it gives a few names of individuals who never lived in Sa- line County, and while there were early settlers whose names do not appear in the list, yet the names of most of the prominent early settlers are included. It will be observed that the first entry was made nearly two months later than the first entry in Gallatin County. Two entries were made on September 3, 1814, one by John Wren, the southeast quarter of Section 8, Township 10, and Eange 7 east. This location, it will be observed, is the west end of the mountain in what is now Somerset Township, known now as Prospect Hill. The other entry on that day was by Hankerson Rude, the northwest quarter of Section 19, Town- ship 10, Range 7 east. On the 12tli of the same month Moses Garret entered the southwest quarter of Section 27, Township 9, Range 5, and on the 14th Joseph Jordon entered the northeast HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 153 quarter of Section 19, Township 10, Range 7 east. lu October there was but one entry made, and that by John Crenshaw of Gallatin County, the southeast quarter of Section 11, Township 10, Range 7 east. In November there was one entry, by Jacob Carnes, on the 17th, the west half of the northeast quarter of Section 17, Township 8, Range 6, about a mile east of Raleigh; and on the 0th of December, 1814, there were two entries, one by Hampton Pankey, the southeast quarter of Section 28, Township 9, Range 5 ; the other by John Pankey, the northwest quarter of Section 84, Township 9, Range 5, both quarter sections corner- ing on each other, and both but a short distance northwest of the present village of Morrillsville. The only entry made in 1815 was on September 13, by William Gasaway, the northwest quarter of Section 9, Township 8, Range 0, a short distance northwest of the present town of Raleigh. Following are the entries made in 1816: January 1, Coleman Brown, southwest quarter of Section 17, Township 8, Range 7 ; March 18, John Brown, southeast quarter of Section 11, Township 8, Range 6 ; May 8, David Grable, southwest quarter of Section 1, Township 8, Range 0; July 2, Roger Jones, southwest quarter of Section 12, Township 10, Range 7, and November 23, Robert Watson, west half of the southeast quarter of Section 17, Town- ship 8, Range 0. In 1817 the following entries were made: January 13, David Grable, east half of soutlnvest quarter of Section 14, Township 8, Range 6; February 1, Thomas Brown, southeast quarter of Sec- tion 13, Township 8, Range G, and southeast quarter of Section 14, Township 8, Range (3; February 0, Coleman Brown, east half of southeast quarter of Section 18, Township 8, Range 7, and February 18, Dowell Russell, west half of southeast quarter of Section 32, Townsliip 9, Range 5; November 15, Charles Mick, west half of northwest quarter of Section 9, Township 10, Range 154 SALINE COUNTY. 7, and November 26, Chester Bethel, southwest quarter of Sec- tion 32, Township 7, Eange 6; December 1, John Choisser, north Avest quarter of Section 13, Township 8, Kange G, and De- cember 19, Charles McLean, southeast quarter of Section 31, Township 10, Eange 5. Following is a list of the entries in 1818: January 22, Elisha Adams, east half of southeast quarter of Section 15, Township 8, Kange (3; February 2, Francis Jordan, east half of northeast quarter of Section 30, Township 7, Kange 5 ; March 16, Thomas Brown, northeast quarter of Section 13, Township 8, Kange 6 ; May 18, William Strickland, northeast quarter of Section 36, Town- ship 8, Kange 5; May 21, Giles Taylor, northeast quarter of Section 12, Township 10, Kange 7 ; July 14, Thomas Gasaway, west half of southeast quarter of Section 2, Township 8, Kange 5 ; July 20, Ezekiel Kyde, east half of northwest quarter of Sec- tion 34, Township 34, Kange 6 ; August 21, Elisha Adams, west half of northwest quarter of Section 12, Township 8, Kange 5, and Benjamin Bramlet, west half of the southwest quarter of Section 9, Township 8, Kange 7; August 22, Thomas L. Harrill, west half of the southeast quarter of Section 11, Township 8, Kange 5; August 31, Thomas Brown, south- west quarter of Section 24, Township 8, Kange 6; Septem- ber 9, Coleman Brown, southeast quarter of Section 17, Township 8, Kange 7 ; September 28, Zadock Aydolett, west half of the northeast quarter of Section 14, Township 10, Kange 7 ; October 24, John K. McFarland, southeast quarter of Section 31, Town- ship 9, Range 6 ; October 27, Daniel Minor, east half of the north- west quarter of Section 2, Township 8, Kange 6 ; November 20, John Crenshaw, east half of the southeast quarter of Section 14, Township 10, Kange 7 ; * December 1, Thomas Cummings, west half of the northwest quarter of Section 20, Township 10, Kange 7; December 4, Peter W. Grayson, northeast quarter of Section 19, Township 9, Kange 6; December 7, William Cummings, west HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 155 half of the southeast quarter of Section 12, Township 10, Eange 7 ; December 8, Henry Con, east half of the southwest quarter of Section 15, Township 8, Eange 6; December 22, Joseph F. Atchison, east half of the southeast qiiarter of Section 4, Town- ship 8, Kange G; December 19, Eobert Mitchell, west half of the southwest quarter of Section 5, Township 10, Eange 6. In 1819 the following entries were made: January 27, Will- iam Crawford, east half of the northwest quarter of Section 15, Township 8, Eange 6 ; January 28, Eobert Mitchell, east half of the northwest quarter of Section 5, Township 10, Eange 6; February 26, John S. Young, west half of the southeast quarter of Section 7, Township 8, Eange 7; AjotI 14, Willis Strickland, east half of the southeast quarter of Section 25, Township 8, Eange 5 ; April 23, James McFarland, west half of the northeast quarter of Section 20, Township 10, Eange 6 ; May 31, Green D. Battle, northeast qiTarter of Section 10, Township 8, Eange 6; George A, West, west half of Section 12, Township 8, Eange 6 ; July 9, Eeuben Bramlet, west half of the northwest quarter of Section 25, Township 8, Eange 6 ; December 7, Stephen Stelley, northwest quarter of Section 14, Township 10, Eange 7. Thus it will be seen that 53 entries were made from Septembers, 1814, to December 7, 1819, comprising all that were made previous to 1820. If one quarter section be allowed to each entry, which will not vary far from the truth, these fifty-three entries em- braced 8,480 acres of land, or nearly one and a third townships of the ten and one-half townships in the county. With reference to the taxation of lands it may be of interest to know that the rule was that all lands entered in 1844 became taxable in 1850; those entered in 1845, in 1851; those entered in 1840, in 1852; those entered prior to February 19, 1847, in 1853, and those entered on or after February 19, 1847, became taxable at the date of entry. . Of John AVren, the first man mentioned above as having 156 SALINE COUNTY. made a land entry nothing could be learned. Hankerson Rude came from Virginia, and his son, Alvis Rude, now lives on a farm about two miles from Independence. Zadock Aydolett was a Frenchman, who put up a horse mill for the grinding of corn. The millstones were made from the millstone grit in the moun- tain in Somerset Township, near which he lived, and they were propelled by means of wooden gear machinery, and a long sweep to which the horses were attached. When running to its full capacity this mill was capable of grinding two bushels of shelled corn per hour. Wheat flour was in the early days a great luxury, so much so that grades were not thought of. Charles Mick was one of those who, before wheat began to be raised in the country, were accustomed to go to Shawneetown or Golconda and buy two or three barrels at a time at about $4 per barrel. He and Hugh Lambert built the first schoolhouse in that part of the county in 1823, a log one 14x16 feet in size with a fireplace outside the building and an opening in the end to permit a portion of the heat to come inside. This was because there was no way then of building a chimney. A careful study of the location of the land entries as given above will reveal the fact that the early settlers group themselves together in several localities or settlements. This was due to two main causes: first, because it was for the protection of their families against the Indians, and second in order to be above high water, as much of the county was then, much more than now, subject to overflow in the rainy season. There are four principal settlements to which people now look back as being the centers of interest, or it may be said four farms which are considered to have been the first farms opened up to cultivation. These- four farms were, first, Hankerson Rude's, in Township 10, Range 7 ; the second, Hampton Pankey's in Township 9, Range 5; the third, William Crawford's, in Township 8, Range 6, and the fourth, Francis Jordan's, in Township 7, Range 5. The first was in what HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 157 is now Somerset Township, and a few miles southwest of the mountain; the secoud was in Douglass Township, about six miles west and two miles of Harrisburg ; the third was in the vicinity of Kaleigh and the fourth in the vicinity of Galatia. There was a blockhouse built on Hankerson Kude's farm, to which the sur- rounding settlers could retreat in case of danger, and then also one on Hampton Pankey's farm. There w^as also a settlement early in the vicinity of Eldorado, and one in Township 9, Range 5, in Brushy Township, on or near Brushy Creek. A few of these settlers were Abner Abney, John Garner and a Mr. Carson. Though Indians were not^o numerous after the county became somewhat settled, yet until about 1840, and perhaps later, black bears continued to be killed in the thick woods. The methods of farming were for twenty or thirty years quite rude. The bar- share plow with a wooden mold board, which merely stirred or tickeled the earth to the depth of about two inches, was the only plow for quite a number of years. It was the one brought from the Southern States, many of the inhabitants coming from Vir- ginia, Tennessee and Kentucky, and being unfamiliar with any other kind ; but the soil was so fertile and productive that the absence of better farming implements was not so keenly felt as would now be the case. The next plow that came in was the Carey plow, which turned a furrow and was the first turning plow in this part of the country. Still later better plows came in, and in about 1855, the next year after the "dry year," as every one then and now living still remembers and designates 1854, deep plowing commenced, that is to the depth of from eight to ten inches. But in this as in all other parts of the country this innovation encountered deep-seated prejudices, which exclaimed to the innovators with gloomy forebodings and evil prophesy "That'll never do; you kaint raise kraps that way, you're only pizeniu' the land." But deep plowing in time removed these deep- seated prejudices, and even reclaimed a great deal of land that 158 SALINE COUNTY. had been worn out, or exhausted by continual cropping and thin plowing, and had been abandoned without entry as worthless by those who made entries on other sections. Previous to the " dry year," threshing was mostly done with the flail, and the fanning or cleaning with a sheet, and what was not done in this way was done with a " ground hog " threshing machine, a machine which simply beat the wheat out of the straw, leaving the cleaning, or separation from the chaff to be performed with the fanning sheet, as when the threshing was done with the flail. It was customary in the early days before wheat became a staple crop, which it could not do before means of threshing and grinding were intro- troduced, to live principally on corn bread, corn meal and " Johnny cake" and milk through the week, and on Sunday to enjoy the luxuries of wheat flour, biscuit and coffee. It is stated that the first threshing machine which both threshed and cleaned w^heat was brought into the county in 1855, a year of exceedingly abundant crops, and it was this year, too, that the first two-horse wagon was brought into the county. The county was not then very thickly settled, as it is estimated that less than one-fourth of the land was entered in 1850. The methods of doing most things differed widely from those now in use. Women worked hard in the field along with the men, besides cooking for the family, carding, spinning and weaving fabrics from cotton, wool and flax, and making the clothing they, their husbands and their children wore, though buckskin breeches were not then so extremely rare. ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNTY. "An act to divide the county of Gallatin, and to form out of the same the county of Sabine," was approved February 25, 184:7, and was in part and in substance as follows: Section 1. Be it enacted, etc., That the County of Gallatin shall be and the same is hereby divided into two parts bj' a line commencing at the southern ter minationof the line which divides the counties of Hamilton and White; thence HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 159 running due south with the range line, through the present County of Gallatin to the Hardin County line, the eastern part to retain the name of Gallatin, and the western part to be called and known as the County of Saline. Sec. 3. The seat of justice for the said counties of Gallatin and Saline, respectively, shall be fixed by the legal voters thereof in the manner following, to wit: Any number of voters, not less than fifty, may nominate a .place, town or site, to be voted for as such seat of justice, by filing with the Clerk of the County Commissioners' Court of the County of Gallatin as now organized, twenty days before the day of voting, a written designation of the place, tract of land, or the name of the town proposed to be voted for, of which tract of land some one or more of the signers shall be the owner or owners in fee simple, free of incumbrance, the evidence of which shall be filed with the said clerk at the same time, and the election shall take place on the first Saturday of September next, at the several places of holding elections in said county respectively, for the selection of a county seat in each, the returns of which election shall be made to the said Clerk of the present County of Gallatin, who shall associate with himself two justices of the peace, and compare said returns, and make out and certify, under their hands, a statement of the votes which each place voted for in said counties respectively, shall have received, and the places in each hav- ing a majority of all the votes given, shall be the seats of justice of said counties respectively. Provision was made in this same section for another election in case this election should fail to settle the question of the county seat in either or both of the counties ; the clerk of the county commissioner's court of Gallatin County, with two justices of the peace, as before, to be the judges of the election. Section 3, provided for the donation of twenty acres to the county, by any individual upon whose farm the choice should fall for the location of the seat of justice. Section 4, for the election of a full complement of county officers in each county. Section 5, for the division of the debt of the county of Gallatin, between the two counties, in proportion to the taxable property of each. Section 6, that all justices of the peace and other public officers should continue to hold their respective offices in the counties into which they might fall by the division. Section 7, that school funds of Gallatin should be divided according to the taxable property of each. Section 8, that in ease Equality should not be selected as the county seat of Gallatin County it should be the duty of the county commissioner's court of Gallatin County to sell the courthouse and other public buildings at public auction to the 160 SALINE COUNTY. highest bidder, and to divide the net proceeds of such sale be- tween the two counties, upon the same principle as that es- tablished for the division of the debt and school fund. Section 9, that the circuit courts of Saline County should be held on the Mondays following the court in Gallatin County, and that Saline County should vote for senators and representatives, the same as though it was a part of Gallatin County. Section 10, that the election, to decide the question as to the division of Gallatin County into two counties, should be held on the first Monday in August of that year; a majority of the votes cast to be decisive, and that in case such majority should be in favor of the division then the act was to take effect and be in full force, otherwise to be null and void, and Section 11 provided for contesting the validity of the election. LIST OF OFFICERS, ETC. After the organization of the county, itself, and the establish- ment of its courts, one of the first acts of the County Commission- ers' court was to divide the county into voting precincts. This was done December 7, 1847, as follows: Curran precinct, the judges of election in which were to be William P. Wilson, Wiley Pinnell and William Bourland, and the voting place to be at the house of John Elder, Ealeigh precinct, judges of election, A. Musgraves, George W. Burkhart and John M. Burnett, no voting place mentioned in the records. Saline precinct, judges, G, A. Pemberton, Albert Anderson and Henry Garner, voting place, Galatia, Stone Fort precinct, judges, Alsey Harris, Harrison Thompson and Thomas Hamilton, voting place, David Tanners. Monroe precinct, judges, P. Mitchell, Wilson Gaskins and James E. Ward, voting place, Thomas Pickings, Somerset precinct, judges, Jesse Kude, William G, Hutchinson and Jeremiah Vin- cent, voting place, at Robert Micks, The various countv officers have been as follows : Clerks of HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 163 the county court — James M. Gaston, Hiram Burnett, R. N, War- field, 1855 to 1866; Thomas A. Jones, 1866 to 1873; Warner E, Burnett, 1873 to 1886; James H. Pearce, 1866, present incumbent Treasurers: Hiram Burnett, William P. PuUiam, John M, Bond, AY. G. Hutchinson, John M. Burnett, Jr., P. M. Pickett, G. L. Eubanks, John Edmonds, J. W. Hutchinson, S. B. Jones, P. Taylor. Sheriffs: John Howard, bond, $3,500; William Elder, bond, ^6,200; T. J. Kain, 1853; J. M. Burnett, 1854; William Elder, 1855; William Roark, 1857; Willis A. Stricklin, 1858; William G. Sloan, 1859; T. Y. Reynolds, 1860; William Burkhart, 1862 (died, and John J. Jones was appointed to fill the vacancy) ; A. W. Durham, 1863; John J. Jones, 1865; S. S. Stricklin, 1867; William H. Pankey, 1868; William B. Jones, 1870; James A. Rice, 1873; John J. Jones, 1874; George E. Burnett, 1876; W. G. Sloan, 1878; Gregory J, Empson, 1880; William M. Gregg, 1883; W. W. Largent, 1886, present incumbent. Circuit Court Clerks: Hiram Burnett, 1861; Thomas A. Jones, 1861 to 1865; Thomas Y. Reynolds, 1865 to 1869; Warner E. Burnett, 1869 to 1873 ; Sterne W. Forgy, 1873 to 1876; John M. Gregg, 1876 to 1877; Thomas Y. Reynolds, 1877 to 1885; W. H. Thornberry, 1885 to present time. Following is a list of the State Senators from Saline County: William H, Parish, a member of the Twenty-ninth General As- sembly, 1874-76, and of the Thirtieth General Assembly, 1876- 78. Samuel L. Cheaney, member of the Thirty-first and Thirty- second General Assemblies, 1878-80, and 1880-82. Following is a list of the members of the Lower House of the State Legislature from Saline County: David J. Blackman, in the Sixteenth General Assembly, 1848-50; David B. Russell, Eighteenth General Assembly, 1852-54; William Elder, in the Twenty-second General Assembly, 1860-02; James Macklin, Twenty-fifth General Assembly, 1866-68 ; AVilliam Elder, Twen- 164 SALINE COUNTY. ty-seventh General Assembly, 1870-72; John M. Gregg, Thir- ty-first General Assembly, 1878-80; James M. Gregg, Thirty- second and Thirty-third General Assemblies, 1880-82 and 1882-84; W. G. Sloan, elected in 1886. Following are the names of the masters in chancery : Archibald Sloan, William Burkhart, Hiram Burnett, C. K. Davis, A. C. Duff, James M. Gregg, Boen Phillips, William M. Gregg, F. M. Pickett, present master. ELECTION KETURNS. Political statistics for the first twenty years of the county's history are difticult to obtain. In I860 the vote of Saline County was as follows: For Lincoln, 100; for Douglas, 1,338. In 1862 the vote on State treasurer was for William Butler, Union, 93; for Alexander Starne, Democrat, 929. In 1864, at the presiden- tial election, Lincoln received 765 votes and McClellan, 818, and in 1866, on congressman at large, John A. Logan received 942 votes and T. Lyle Dickey, 988. In the presidential election of 1868 Grant received 2,835 votes and Horatio Seymour, 1,913, and in 1872 Grant received 2,905 votes and Greeley 1,827. At the same election Richard J. Oglesby, candidate for governor, received 2,881 votes and Gustavus Koerner, 1,935. In 1874 the candidate of the Anti-Monopoly party for State treasurer, David Gore, received 921 votes and Thomas S. Ridgway, Republican candidate, received 491 and S. M. Etter, Anti-Monopoly candi- date for superintendent of public instruction, received 1,494 votes, the Democratic party uniting upon him, while William B. Powell, the Republican candidate received 458, and Charles Car- roll the Democratic candidate for State treasurer received 564. For congressman, at the election in 1874, the vote stood for Green B. Raum, Republican, 423 ; William B. Anderson, Greenbacker, 957, and for Samuel S. Marshall, Democrat, 612, and at this same election the Greenback candidate for sheriff, Jones received 1,208 votes to 729 cast for Burnett, the Democratic can- HISTOKY OF ILLINOIS. 165 didate. The vote on State senator for the Forty-seventh Sena- torial District stood, William H. Parish, Greenbacker, or " lude- pent Reformer," 923; Bowman, Democrat, 536; Er- win. Republican, 440, and as a result of the operation of the principle of minority representation, Wasson, Republican ; Smith, Greenbacker, and Nelson, Democrat, were elected members of the Lower House of the General Assembly. In 1876, the vote on governor stood, for Shelby M. CuUom, Republican, 959; for Lewis Steward, Democrat, 1,733; and on President, Hayes, 980; Tilden, 1,081; Peter Cooper, 641. For congressman, Edward Bonham, Republican, received 779 votes; R. W, Townshend, Democrat, 900, and William B. Anderson, Greenbacker, 998. In 1878 the vote on State treasurer was, John C. Smith, Repub- lican, 970; Edward L. Cronkrite, Democrat, 956. In 1880 the presidential vote stood as follows : Garfield, 1,488; Hancock, 1,608; Weaver, Greenbacker, 25. At this time the population of the county was 15,940, and the total vote on President, 3,121. The vote for governor this year was, for Shelby M. CuUom, 1,496 ; Lyman Trumbull, 1,599. In 1882 the vote on State Treas- urer was for John C. Smith, Republican, 1,425; Alfred Orendorff, Democrat, 1,465, while for congressman, R. W. Townshend, Dem- ocrat, received 1,490 votes, and G. C. Ross, Republican, 1,405. In 1884 the vote for President was, James G. Blaine, 1,815; Cleve- land, 1,670; St. John, 26; for governor, Richard J. Oglesby, 1,828; Carter Harrison, 1,680; for congressman, Thomas S. Ridg- way, 1808; Richard S. Townshend, 1,718. On Monday, June 1, 1885, an election was held for judges of the First Judicial Circuit, resulting in Saline County, as follows: Baker, 1,331; Harker, 1,346; McCartney, 1,312; Browning, 1,047; Crawford, 1,055, and Washburn, 984. On Tuesday, November 3, 1885, an election was held for county commissioners and coroner, which is here inserted in tabular form for the purpose of showing the present number of election precincts, and their political complexion at 166 SALINE COUNTY. tliat time; Westbrooks, Harris and Parks were the Eepublican candidates; Peninger, Ban and Greer, Democrats. COUNTY COMMISSIONERS. | 1 CORONER. PRECINCTS. 1 a 1 ■i 1 55 96 95 69 94 171 73 109 57 136 77 63 162 175 83 90 111 148 102 180 170 191 67 48 82 48 45 61 55 107 93 67 95 173 75 169 90 141 75 63 153 162 85 80 111 149 103 128 170 131 38 46 85 48 52 83 56 110 95 69 95 175 74 152 79 141 79 61 155 142 83 Eldorado 1 77 113 T?nlpio-h 146 T.nncr Rranrh '. 103 129 169 Douglas Stooef ort 142 46 45 81 47 48 Harrisburg 2 70 1435 1376 1518 1309 1513 1299 The last election in Saline County, and one to which great interest attaches, occurred on Tuesday, November 2, 1886. A portion of the returns of this election are also given in tabular form for the purpose of comparison with those of 1885: STATE TREASURER. CONGRESSMAN. COUNTY JUDGK. PRECINCTS. i 1 a 1 1 r 3 .a i 1 81 118 113 117 98 184 106 159 90 162 96 101 199 239 128 86 141 215 140 167 183 177 53 60 99 89 70 93 79 115 107 112 98 184 106 160 86 158 94 101 196 238 128 88 142 216 141 167 183 176 56 65 101 88 72 93 66 112 116 118 97 182 99 155 89 155 100 101 184 224 13") Eldorado No 1 87 138 Raleigh 215 Lon"' Brancli 140 176 Brushy Douglas 186 178 52 66 Soiuerset 94 89 TTnrrinliiirP' N^O 1 .... 81 Harrisburg No. 2 100 Totals 1863 1701 1834 1716 1798 1732 HI8T0RY OF ILLINOIS. 167 The vote on State senator was, for John Yost, Republican, 1,870; J. D. Eicheson, Democrat, 1,708. County Clerk, J. H. Pearce, Republican, 1,857; W. E. Burnett, Democrat, 1,713. Sheriff, W. W. Largent, Republican, 1,890; W. C. Baker, Democrat, 1,682; County Treasurer, P. Taylor, Republican, 1,808; Alsey Harris, Democrat, 1,737. County superintendent of schools, James E. Jobe, Republican, 1,8-47; G. B. Parsons, Democrat, 1,708. County commissioner, J. L. Cain, Repub- lican, 1,906; Lewis Baker, Democrat, 1,665. The only Democrat oflBcer now in the county is John J. Parish, for State's attorney, elected in 1884 In the Forty-ninth Representative District the Republicans elected two representatives to the General Assembly, William G. Sloan and Simon S. Barger, and the Democrats one, J. F. Taylor. JOHN A. Logan's attitude toward secession. Closely allied with the political sentiments of a part of the people of this county, and the others whose history is to some extent depicted in this volume, at the time of the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion, or perhaps it would be better to say as the results of those political sentiments, were their actions with reference to the Avar itself, and with reference to the soldiers and the officers who entered the Union Army from southern Illinois. At the time of the raising of the first two companies in Saline County, which afterward became Companies B and G in the Thirty-first Illinois Regiment, it was learned that Hon. John A. Logan, member of Congress from the Ninth District, which then included Saline County, had returned from Washington with authority to raise a regiment for the Union Arnn^. These two com- panies for a time manifested an unwillingness to enter a regiment to be commanded by John A. Logan, because they actually thought they had reason to doubt his loyality to the cause which they had enlisted to defend. And as John A. Logan afterward became the 168 SALINE COUNTY. most conspicuous figure in southern Illinois, at least with reference to the war, it is not only proper but it is the duty of this work to put in enduring form the truth as nearly as may be from the data or information now at hand. The charge has been made against him, and reiterated so frequently, that at that time he was in symjDathy with the Rebellion, that he even went so far as to lend his encouragement and assistance to the movement to separate southern Illinois from the rest of the State, and to unite the fortunes of this new State, of which the Ohio & Mississippi Railway was to be the northern boundary, with the Southern Con- federacy, and that he actually recruited a regiment, or at least a part of one, in southern Illinois for the rebel army. This charge has been so frequently and so long repeated that many persons either believe or aflfect to believe it even to the present day. That Gen. Logan never favored secession is amply proven by his speeches in Congress during the session previous to the inauguration of Mr. Lincoln as President of the United States, and it is deemed sufficient to refer the reader to them here, and this being admitted, as it must be, it naturally follows that without the boldest and most ridiculous inconsistency it would have been simply impossi- ble for him to recruit even one soldier for the rebel army. What Mr. Logan did between the adjournment of the Thirty-sixth Con- gress and the convening of the called session of the Thirty- seventh Congress which began its session at Washington, July 4, 1861, was to hesitate or at least appear to hesitate as to his duty in the premises ; whether he should remain inactive or join the administration in the suppression of the Rebellion, which was to him to unite with a party he had always opposed — the Republican party. He blamed the Republican party for the course it had pursued during the previous January and February, in not, as he thought, having exhausted the proper measures for the prevention of the Rebellion, thus being largely to blame for the existence of the Rebellion, and could not resolve to unite with a party for the HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 169 suppression of a rebellion which it had itself caused. He still believed in the possible efficacy of measures of conciliation, and could not consent to war until he was fully convinced that war or the disruption of the Union were the only alternatives. Then, too, he hesitated because he did not feel certain that his services as a Democrat would be acceptable to a Republican admin- istration. While in this uncertain state of mind as to his proper course he was frequently approached by politicians in southern Illinois, by those openly, or covertly in favor of the Rebellion, and by those in favor of its suppression. To none did he give a decided answer, and hence those who desired him to join the ranks of the secessionists in southern Illinois uniformly reported him to be of like faith with themselves, for the purpose of strengthening their cause before the people; while those who were in favor of the preservation of the Union, not receiving from him a decided answer to their queries as to his intentions, were themselves in doubt as to what to expect, but at length upon being assured that Mr. Lincoln wanted not only his assistance but also that of every Democrat, North and South, that he could get. and upon being re- monstrated with as to the mistake he was making in not assum- ing his rightful position as a leader of the people of his portion of the State, he finally gave the assurance that if, upon reaching Washington to take his seat in the extra session of Congress, he ahould become convinced that nothing could be done to prevent the breaking up of the Union but to suppress the Rebellion by force of arms, he would come home, raise a regiment and do his best to fight the rebellion to its death. After reaching his home at Marion, Williamson County, with the view of raising his regiment, it was but natural that he should encounter the doubts in the minds of loyal men that his own previous hesitancy had caused; but his character was well known to leading Union men, and they knew that when he once took his proper position in favor of the 170 SALINE COUNTY. war that he would never flinch, and that he was implicitly to be trusted. Representations such as these being made to Companies B and G by men who knew Logan, and by men whom the sol- diers trusted, they no longer hesitated to join his regiment, es- pecially after hearing his speech delivered at Harrisburg, just after his return from Congress, in favor of the war for the Union. But those who at first reported him as in favor of the South- ern Cause have not ceased to reiterate the story, some of them doubtless in ignorance of the facts, and others perhaps as a pun- ishment for his conspicuous services as a Union soldier. CONTRABAND NEGROES. The prejudices of a portion of the people of Saline County to the- war and toward the negro, whom they could clearly see would in all probability be benefited by the success of the Union arms, is illustrated by their course with reference to the intro- duction of negro laborers into the county during the war. At first citizens, without respect to party, brought into different counties of southern Illinois contrabands, as laborers, because the absence from home of so many of the people in the army rendered labor scarce and dear. Reference to the history of Gallatin County will show the reader the course of James B. Turner, of Shawneetown, with reference to Carolina Sanders. James B. Turner was a Democrat, and other Democrats had taken this reasonable course to procure domestics and laborers. Among others who had brought in negroes was Dr. John W. Mitchell, known to be a strong Republican. He had imported two families of contrabands, and put them to work upon his farm. It was not long before every one in the surrounding country knew of the presence of these negroes, and their intro- duction was an outrage that many of the citizens could not per- mit to go unpunished. But Hon. William J. Allen and other leading members HISTORY or ILLINOIS. 171 of the Democratic party who were opposed to the war, and who desired to carry the next election, determined that the fight must be made upon the negro question, and Mr. Allen, in company with Mr. Turner who was a candidate for the Legislature, visited Harrisburg for the purpose of advising their friends as to the line of action. On the 25th of October a meeting of the people was held in the courthouse at Harrisburg, at which the following resolutions were adopted: "At a mass meeting of the citizens of Saline County, 111., held in the courthouse, on the 25th day of October, 1862, the meeting was organized by electing J. W. Russell, Esq., presi- dent, and Jackson Dodd and Archibald Blackburn, secretaries. J. L. Riley, being called on, explained the object of the meeting to be to consult upon the propriety, or impropriety, of contra- band negroes being brought within the limits of Saline County, showing that it was an infringement upon State rights for them to be sent within the State, and bringing black labor in compe- tition with white labor. U]3on motion the chair appointed J. L. Riley, James B. Barker, David Stiff, John Ledford and David Roper, a committee to draft resolutions expressive of the sense of this meeting. After a short absence the committee returned and reported the following preambles and resolutions, through their chairman, J. L. Riley. Whereas, the constitution of Illinois prohibits negroes and mulattoes mi- grating to, and settling within, the State, and Whereas, the people of the State at a recent election re-endorsed the section containing said prohibition by over one hundred thousand majority, and Whereas, numerous hordes of contrabands have been sent within the limits of the State, which we regard as an infringement upon State rights, and Whereas, a number of said contrabands have been recently brought within the limits of Saline 'County, contrary to the wishes of a large majority of our citizens, therefore, Resohu'd, that we, the citizens of Saline County, in mass assembled, respect- fully ask that said contrabands be sent or taken without the limits of the county forthwith. Resolred, that if any other person has in contemplation to bring more of said contrabands into the county, we entreat such a one, in the name of the consti- tution and of humanity, to desist the thought at once. 172 SALINE COUNTY. Resolved, that these proceedings be sigaed by the officers and published in the Harrisburg Chronicle. Upon motion the preambles and resolutions were adopted unanimously. Upon motion the meeting adjourned. James W. Russell, Jackson Dodd, ) o„, „./„,„•„„ President. Akchibald Blackburn. Secretaries. Of the committee on resolutions, James B, Barker, David Stiff and David Roper, and botli the secretaries of the meeting were unable to read or write. After the adoption of the resolutions the chairman of the meeting was requested to appoint a committee to wait upon Dr. Mitchell, who was upon his farm, and inform him of the action taken by the " citizens of Saline County in mass assembled " with reference to contrabands, and to inform him that he must " forthwith " remove said contrabands from the county or suffer the consequences. But it being well known to all that Dr. Mitchell was prepared for any emergency, no committee could be found with sufficient courage to notify him to remove the contra- bands. At length, after several attempts to secure a committee to perform this dangerous service had failed, one of the members who, however, was never in favor of the Rebellion, suggested that he believed Dr. Mitchell could read, that he could read print any way, and that if the resolutions were published it would be suffi- cient notification. Thus was the Gordian Knot of the situation severed and the meeting adjourned. But whether Dr. Mitchell ever read the printed notice or not, he did not remove the contrabands in accordance therewith, and a second meeting was held, a similar performance gone through with, and threats boldly made that if Dr. Mitchell did not remove the contrabands his life and property would be destroyed ; but the Doctor bravely stood his ground, and a second failure on the part of the brave resolvers was the result. This failure caused calmer counsels to prevail, and upon the convening of the circuit court he was indicted under the " black laws " of the State, and HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 173 this indictment was not disposed of until the Constitution of 1870, from which the word "white" is omitted, came into effect, when the indictment was stricken from the docket. KNIGHTS OF THE GOLDEN CIRCLE. The Knights of the Goklen Circle were numerous and well organized in Saline County, and held secret meetings in the woods and other places to determine upon the proper measures of resistance to the prosecution of the war. A certain farmer in the northwest portion of the county, returning home late one night, discovered a number of them holding a meeting in his woods, with their lanterns hanging to the trees. Proceeding to his house he returned to their vicinity with his double barreled shot gun, both barrels loaded, and fired both barrels into their midst, causing the most lively scampering he had ever seen, thus breaking up their meetings in his woods. On another occasion a party of three Knights of the Golden Circle served notice upon Mr. L. J. Jobe, a Union soldier at home on furlough, wounded and sick, that he must leave the county within three days. Not heeding the notice, Mr. Jobe was visited by the three Knights who came to enforce their order. When they approached the house, Mr. Jobe, lying in bed and un- able to leave it, t old his wife to bring his gun and open the door, and then invited the brave Knights to carry their orders into ex- ecution, but here again, as in Dr. Mitchell's case, discretion proved the better part of valor, and Mr. Jobe was not molested further. But notwithstanding the strong feeling against the war, among a large portion of the citizens of the county, there was not, during the entire period of the war, any necessity for a draft. The following figures show the quotas and credits of the county at different times and the aggregates: The quota for 1861, was 257 ; for 1802, it was 176; under the call for 700,000 men 274; for 174 SALINE COUNTY. 500,000 it was 197; prior to December 31, 1861, the total quota of the county was 904, and the total credits at that time was 1,273. On December 31, 1865, the total quota was 1,285, and the total credit was 1,280, and in 1865 the total number of per- sons in the county subject to military duty was 1,692. Following may be found brief sketches of the Fifty-sixth and Thirty-first Illinois Infantry Regiments : A sketch of the Twenty-ninth Infantry is given in Gallatin County. Company E of this regiment was raised mainly in Saline County. William H. Parish, of Raleigh, was the first captain of the company, but resigning October 26, 1861, he was succeeded by William W. Burnett, also of Raleigh. John Page Mitchell became captain after the death, April 6, 1862, of Capt. Burnett, and was succeeded in that office by Richard M. Burnett, of Saline County, January 21, 1865. The first lieutenants of the company were AYilliam Choisser, Richard M. Burnett and Sherbune H. W, Irwin, and the second lieutenants, William W. Burnett, Richard M. Burnett, Slierbune H. W. Irwin, John L. Roberts and John R. Irwin. The non- commissioned officers and private soldiers of this regiment who died or who were killed in the service and who belonged to Saline County were, Corporals — Joseph Bramlet, died at Vicks- burg, October 27, 1863; Halis Granville, died at Shawneetown, April 28, 1862. Privates — James Musgrave, died at home May 3, 1862; Beal Bishop, died at Quincy, 111., June 8,1862; William J. Cowin, died at Keokuk, Iowa, of wounds, August 21, 1862; John Cottingham, died September 14, 1863 ; John T. Gates, died at Monterey, Teun., June 23, 1862; John T. Hutchinson, died at Nashville, Tenn., May 26, 1862; Daniel Jones, died of wounds at Mound City, 111., May 1, 1862; Francis M. Kittinger, killed at Shiloh; William Margrave, died of wounds, May 12, 1862; Dan- iel L. Miner, died January 28, 1862 ; William Tyler, killed at Fort Donelson; Allen Varnel, died January 31, 1862; William M. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 175 Kittinger, died January 12, 1865; James M. Eoberts, died of wounds, April 20, 1862. THE THIETY-FIKST REGIMENT. The Thirty -first Infantry Regiment was recruited mainly in Saline, Franklin and Williamson Counties. Its rendezvous was at Camp Dunlap, Jacksonville, 111. It was organized at Cairo by John A. Logan, and there mustered into the United States serv- ice, September 18, 1861. John A. Logan was colonel of this reg- iment until promoted brigadier-general, March 21, 1862, when Lindorf Osborn became colonel, and resigned February 24, 1863. Edwin S. McCook became colonel February 24, 1863, resigned September 26, 1864, and was brevetted brigadier-general in 1865. Robert N. Pearson became colonel April 3, 1865, and was also brevetted brigadier-general in 1865, and was mustered out July 19, 1865. The lieutenant-colonels were John H. White, of Marion, killed at Fort Donelson; Edwin S. McCook; John D. Reese, died of wounds, July 1, 1863; Robert N. Pearson and William B. Short. Company B was raised mainly in Saline County. Its cap- tains were Thomas J. Cain, Sterne W. Forgy and William W. Largent, the latter of whom served from April 8, 1863, to July 19, 1865, when he was mustered out. The first lieutenants were Cressa K. Davis, Sterne W. Forgy, Joseph B. Kuykendall, Will- iam W, Largent, and William J. Dillard. Second lieutenants — Sterne W. Forgy, George W. Youngblood, Robert Lewis, Will- iam W. Largent, William Gaskins and John J. Dunn. George W. Youngblood died February 26, 1862, of wounds received at Fort Donelson. The privates who died in the service and who belonged in Saline County were Harmon Abney, killed at Fort Donelson; Benjamin H. Brown, died November 9, 1862; Edward F. Barnett, died of wounds, February 17, 1862; Calvin P. Crank, died June 14, 1862; Jonathan C. Cocherhan, died November 4, 176 SALINE COUNTY. 1862; John Carrier, died March 29, 1862; James Cassels, died January 13, 1862; William J. Dodds, died at Memphis, March 22, 1863; James Ozment, died June 30, 1861; Irby Pankey, died at Lake Providence, March 5, 1863 ; James M. Pickering, killed near Vicksburg, May 23, 1863; James M. Eoper, died June 7, 1864; James K. Simonds, died April 15, 1864; John B. Yates, killed at Belmont, November 7, 1861; David M. Farthing, veteran, killed at Atlanta, July 21, 1864; John Dorris, died December 16, 1862; Joshua Medlin, died of wounds, March 1, 1862; Thomas McNew, died of wounds, July 23, 1864; Harvey M. Eude, died November 8, 1861; John A. Kaney, died Novem- ber 9, 1863; Oliver G. Eandolph, died of wounds, August 11, 1864; George M. Stucker, died February 14, 1863; James K. Spears, killed at Atlanta, July 22, 1864; Joseph W. Smith, died June 7, 1864; Samuel T. Willis, died of wounds, February 22' 1862. Company G was also raised mainly in Saline County. Its captains were Willis A. Stricklin, Simpson S. Stricklin, and Monroe J. Potts. First lieutenants — Larkin M. Eiley, died Feb- ruary 25, 1862; Simpson S. Stricklin, Monroe J. Potts and Will- iam S. Blackman. Second lieutenants — Simpson S. Stricklin Benjamin Sisk, John W. Stricklin; Sergeant, Eobert A. Johnson, died June 7, 1862; Corporal, John B. Sewel, died March 14, 1863. The private soldiers who died or were killed were, Benjamin S. Bullington, died January 25, 1862; Henry Dillon, died February 18, 1863; James J. Dickson, died November 3, 1861; James H. Estes, died of wounds received at Fort Donelson ; John W. Fur- gerson, killed at Fort Donelson; William Hewlet, died January 13, 1862; Samuel Johnson, killed at Champion Hills; John B. Jennings, killed at Belmont; AVilliam Jackson, died October 17, 1861; James E. Keith, died of wounds; James Mcllrath, killed at Fort Donelson; William J. Eoe, killed near Atlanta; William Tanner, died December 12, 1862; William C. Thomas, died April HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 177 28, 1862; Kichard Thompson, killed at Fort Donelson; Aaron Owen, killed at Atlanta, July 22, 1864; James Boren, died March 5, 1863; John F. Bell, died March 25, 1865; John N. Bronson, died of wounds, May 26, 1864; Charles Garris, died March 4, 1863; Daniel S. Henderson, killed at Raymond, Miss., May 12, 1863; Burrell Mills, died at Monterey, Tenn., June 10, 1862; Samuel Owen, died February 4, 1863; John Scott, died Septem- ber 17, 1863; James N. Wilkins, died February 28, 1863; Isaac J. White, died of wounds, July 22, 1864. The history of the Thirty-first Regiment is briefly as follows : After being mustered into the service, and with less than two months' drill, it took part in the battle of Belmont, Mo., Novem- ber 7, 1861, cutting its way into the rebel camp and with equal courage cutting its way oui. It was engaged in the battles of Fort Henry and of Fort Donelson, losing in this battle 260 men, killed and wounded. It was at Shiloh, in the siege of Corinth, and then went to Jackson, Tenn., remaining most of the summer of 1862. It was engaged in the skirmishes of Chewalla and Tuscumbia, and was with Gra^nt in the first campaign against Vicksburg, sometimes called the Okana expedition, and it was also with Grant during the campaign which resulted in the sur- render of Vicksburg, July 4, 1863, taking part in the battles of Thompson's Hill, Fort Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, Miss., and Champion Hills. Gen. Logan always encouraged his troops, and gave them the inspiring command at critical points in the battle. At this battle (Champion Hills), while McPherson, a brilliant soldier and cultured gentleman, encouraged them as they were about to spring forward in a bayonet charge against a two-column forma- tion over which waved the rebel flag by calling out to them: " Give 'em Jesse! " Logan called out with characteristic energy and emphasis: "Remember the blood of your fallen comrades! Give 'em hell, boys, give 'em hell! " The opposing battery was quickly captured and its guns turned upon the retreating foe. 178 SALINE COUNTY. and as mauy prisoners captured as there were men in the char- ging brigade. The regiment took part in the long siege of Vicksburg and lost its brave Lieut. -Col. Reese, while planting the colors of the regiment upon the ramparts. The flag received 153 bullets and the flag-staff was shot asunder four times. The brigade with which this regiment was classified marched first into the captured city. The regiment then went on the expedi- tion to Monroe, La., and at Black River, Miss., three-fourths of the men re-enlisted as veterans. The regiment was with Sher- man at Meridian, Miss., after which the veterans took their furlough. Returning to the front they marched to Rome, Ga., and joined Sherman at Ackworth Station; it was at Kenesaw, June 27, 1864, and in the battle of Atlanta, at Lovejoy Station and at Jonesboro, and marched with Sherman to the sea arriving at Savannah December 10, 18G4. Leaving Savannah January 4, 18G5, on the steamer '^Harvest Moon," the Thirty- first arrived at Beaufort, S. C, January 30. The march soon began through the Carolinas, and the regiment was at Benton- ville, the scene of the last great struggle of Johnston's army. It reached Goldsboro March 24, 1865, and Raleigh April 14, and was in Richmond May 9. It reached Alexandria May 19, and on the 24th, with faded uniforms but with martial tread and bearing, it participated in the grand review, the most imposing spectacle ever witnessed in Washington. When first organized the regiment numbered 1,130 men and received 700 recruits, the casualties numbered 1,128, and when discharged it numbered 25 officers and 677 enlisted men. It had marched under Grant 2,000 miles and under Sherman 2,075 miles, and was one of the best drilled regiments in the service. THE FIFTY-SIXTH REGIMENT. The Fifty- sixth Regiment of Infantry was raised in part in Saline County. Its first colonel was Robert Kirkham, of Shaw- HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 179 neetown, who resigned Jiine 26, 1862. William R. Brown suc- ceeded and resigned August 31, 1862. Green B. Raum was the third colonel and was promoted brigadier-general of volunteers February 24, 1865. John P. Hall, of Morganfield, Ky., suc- ceeded Col. Raum ; he was not mustered as colonel, but was mustered out as lieutenant-colonel August 12, 1865. The lieutenant-colonels of the regiment were William R. Brown, Green B. Raum, James F. Cooper and- John P. Hall. The majors were Green B. Raum, James F. Cooper, John P. Hall, Pinckney J. Welsh, James P. Flies and Samuel Atwell. Company E of this regiment was recruited in Saline, William- son and Gallatin Counties. Its captains were Henry T. Massey and William E. Webber, both of Gallatin. First lieutenants: Doddridge B. Grattan, William E. Webber, Josiah Joiner, and Hansford Dudley, all of Saline County. Second lieutenants : Will- iam E.Webber, Josiah Joiner,Elisha Dillon and William L.Burker. William E. Webber and Josiah Joiner were both lost on steamer " General Lyon," March 31, 1865, as were also Corporals John B. Morris, Perry Parker and Benjamin F. Blake and Musician Thomas B. Ritter. The private soldiers of this company, who belonged to this county who were lost on the " General Lyon," were William Adams, John C. Brown, Nelson E. Bristol, James K. Carrier, William W. Crapper, James A. Enscore, George W. Enscore, George W. Hazelwood, Miles Drury, Jesse M. Rollins, Calvin Stephens, Jacob Stratton, George W. Shrum, Albert Weir and Robert P. Towney. The history of the regiment is briefly as follows: It was composed of companies from Massac, Pope, Gallatin, Saline, Franklin, Hamilton, White and Wayne. It was mustered into the service of the United States at Camp Mather, near Shawnee- town, and immediately went to Paducah, Ky., by order of Gen. Grant, where it remained on guard duty until Gen. Halleck moved on Corinth, Miss., when it went up the Tennessee on steamboats, 180 SALINE COUNTY, debarked at Hamburg Landing and joined in the siege. It re- mained in northern Mississippi most of the summer of 1862, its principal camp being near Corinth, in the hills of Clear Creek. On the 3d of October Price and Yan Dorn made an attack upon Corinth, which was defended by Gen. Rosecrans, and on the sec- ond day of the fight this regiment, with the Tenth Missouri, made a most gallant charge upon the rebels and retook ten pieces of artillery taken by the rebels in the earlier part of the day, drove the rebels from the works, repulsed reinforcements coming up to sustain Price, who thereupon immediately retired. For this splendid piece of work the two regiments received the thanks of Gen. Rosecrans in person. During the winter of 1862-63 the regiment was engaged in guarding the Memphis & Charles- ton Railroad. It was then in the first expedition against Vicksburg, joined the main army at Young's Point, and crossed the Mississippi below Grand Gulf, taking possession of that place May 2 ; was in the battle of Champion Hills, and made an assault on Yicksburg, May 22, 1863, and reinforced Gen. Logan when he blew up and assaulted Fort Hill. The regi- ment, as a part of the Fifteenth Army Corps, reached a position opposite Chattanooga November 23, and was engaged in the bat- tles of the 24th and 25th, under Gen. Sherman, on the north end of Missionary Ridge, and in this position had again the honor of de- feating victorious rebel troops and driving them back with heavy loss. After the successful battle of Missionary Ridge this regi- ment was assigned to garrison Whitesburg, the steamboat land- ing for Huntsville Ala. After the beginning of the great Atlanta campaign the Fifty-sixth was mainly engaged in guarding the lines of communication in the rear of the army, at Mud Creek, at Calhoun, Ga., at Adairsville and several smaller stations, and afterward acted a conspicuous part in the defense of Resaca, when Gen. Hood made his great movement northward, the army under Gen. Raum keeping at bay an enemy of more than five HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 181 times their number. ,AVlien the " great march to the sea" began this regiment was a part of the brigade constituting the rear guard of the right wing, under Howard, witnessed the conflagra- tion at Atlanta, and was with the rest of the army at Savannah, December 23, 1864, and also participated in the battle of Ben- tonville. The non-veterans, their term of service having expired, were ordered home to be mustered out of service, and twelve offi- cers and 193 enlisted men embarked on the steamer " General Lyon," which, when off Cape Hatteras encountered a severe storm and caught fire, and about 500 persons met their death in the flames or in the sea. Twenty-eight were saved, of whom only five were enlisted men of this regiment; and thus, on March 31, 1865, 200 men of the Fifty-sixth Eegiment perished. The re- mainder of the regiment took part in the great review of the army in Washington, and was mustered out of service August 12, 1865. This regiment was engaged in nearly all of the great battles of the Western Army, never was in an unsuccessful battle, never was driven from a position, and never turned its back upon the enemy. On its flag-staff at Springfield on a silver plate are these words: ''Sub hoc signo vinces.^'' Company F, of the Sixth Cavalry, was raised in part in Saline County. Its captains were Cressa K. Davis, William G. Sloan and James H. Pierce, all of Saline County; first lieutenants, William G. Sloan, William H. Dove and William L. Mitchell, all of Saline County, and its second lieutenants, James A. Roark, G. W. Newell, avIio died at Harrisburg, April 29, 1864, James H. Pierce and Alexander Barnes. The private soldiers who died in the service belonging to Saline County were Granville P. Cook, died at Andersonville, August 6, 1864, his grave being numbered 4879; Joshua H. Hardin, died at Memphis, July 17, 1864; New- ton Smith, died at Memphis, June 26, 1864; Frank Shuecraft, died at Montgomery, Ala., September 25, 1865. Company E, of the One Hundred and Tenth Infantry. Avas 182 SALINE COUNTY. raised mainly in Saline County, Its captains were George E, Burnett and Willis A. Spiller, both of Raleigh; first lieutenants, Willis A. Spiller and Charles Burnett of Raleigh, and second lieutenants Charles Burnett and Richard J. Smith of Raleigh. The private soldiers who died in the service were James W. Ab- ney, died at Nashville, December 17, 1862; Josephus Grable, died January 21, 1863; Alexander Patterson, died December 6, 1862; Stephen Patterson, died January 14, 1863. Company F, of the One Hundred and Twentieth Infantry, was mainly from Saline County, William Roark was the only captain. First lieutenants, Benjamin H. Rice and John W. Fitts; second lieutenants, Zepheniah Phillips of Equality, and Abell O. Hill of Saline County ; corporals, John M. Ward, died at Corinth, Sep- tember 22, 1863 ; George W. Clark, at Memphis, April 26, 1865, and Lafayette D. Riley, at Lake Providence, La., July 9, 1868. The private soldiers who died were, William Black, at Memphis, April 14, 1864; James L. Banks, at Lake Providence, July 20, 1863; Francis M. Bourland, at Memphis, December 30, 1863; Stephen F. Brothers, at Memphis, January 30, 1863; William Carter, at Memphis, January 23, 1863; Jackson Davis, at Mem- phis, January 22, 1863 ; George H. W. Davis, at Memphis, Janu- ary 23, 1863; Samuel M. Dallis, at Memphis, May 18, 1864; Will- iam Escue, at Lake Providence, July 12, 1863; George W. GuUey, at Memphis, November 17, 1863; James W. Horn, at Memphis, February 2, 1863; James A. Ingram, at Memphis, February 18, 1863; Elijah Keith, at Memphis, August 30, 1863; Samuel Mcln- tire, at Memphis, March 30, 1864; John B. Ozment, at Memphis, April 18, 1863; John W. Shrum, at Lake Providence, July 5, 1863; Henry Thurman, at Memphis, February 13, 1863; William W. Boiirland, at Memphis, March 23, 1864; Theodore Brown, at Memphis, May 2, 1865; James A. Inman, at Memphis, March 2, 1863. Company K, of the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Infantry, HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 1S3 was raised mostly in Saline County. Its captain was Jonah Pemberton, of Galatia ; first lieutenant, Samuel R. Upcliurch, of Gallatia, and second lieutenant, Samuel H. Pemberton, of Gallatia. These three officers were discharged April 4, 1863, and most of the noncommissioned officers and private soldiers transferred to the Ninth Infantry. THE COUNTY COURT. It will be -remembered that the act to separate Gallatin County into two counties was approved February 25, 1847. In the suc- ceeding fall the county commissioners' court met at the court- house in Raleigh on the 11th of October, 1847. Hon. David Upchurch and James Stricklin were the only commissioners present. James W. Gaston was appointed clerk of the court. Different names were proposed for the county seat, and after some consultation it was ordered by the court that it be known by the name of Raleigh, though what other names had been suggested the court records do not show. Archibald Sloan was then ap- pointed surveyor of the town of Raleigh, and was authorized to employ assistance in laying off the town. On the loth of Novem- ber the lots were to be offered for sale, ten per cent to be paid down and the balance to be paid in six, twelve and eighteen months; Lot No. 20 was to be reserved to build the jail upon. The next term of the court was held November 6, the same commissioners being present. James M. Gaston's bond as clerk was approved, as also that of Hiram Burnett as treasurer. Those who assisted Archibald Sloan in the survey of Raleigh were Will- iam St. C. Clark, Martin Kittinger and Israel W. Crawford, were or- dered to be paid, and Hannah A. Crawford was paid $2. 12 A for boarding the hands while engaged in the survey. William Carr, George Bond and William Stricklin were appointed to review, mark out and locate a county road from Raleigh to the notched trees on the line dividinoc the counties of Saline and Williamson. 184 SALINE COUNTY. The next term of this court commenced December 6. A large number of lots had been sold, and the court ordered that the notes received for the deferred payments be turned over to the county treasurer. It would probably be undesirable to pre- sent a full list of these notes, though a few are introduced as illustrating the method pursued in disposing of the town lots pre- paratory to the building of a courthouse. James Baker and George Baker gave three notes, each for S12.33|, dated Novem- ber 16, 1817, and falling due in six, twelve and eighteen months respectively. William Burkhart and Martin Kittinger gave three notes of the same date and falling due in the same manner, each for $7.66f. A. Musgrave and Gason Mason similarly gave three notes each for for $5.33^, and also three other similar notes each for $5.58^. On December 7 it was ordered that a court- house be built according to the plan made out for the same, and Hiram Burnett and Archibald Sloan were appointed to make a contract for its construction, the courthouse to be paid for out of the sale of lots for that purpose. After the division of the county into voting precints, Jacob Smith was ordered to buy books for the use of the various county officers. Court next convened on January 28, 1848, and on this day its first business was to order that a writ of ad quod damnum be issued to the sheriff of the county for the purpose of summoning a jury to locate a mill site on the southwest quarter of Section 15, Township 10, Range 6, on the premises of Stephen F. Mitchell for the use and benefit of said Mitchell, and on the 7th of March Mr. Mitchell was authorized to build a mill dam across the Saline River, nine feet high above low water mark. It will be observed that this mill dam was near the present site of Independence. John Howard, sheriff of the county, gave bond as collector of the revenue, in the sum of $3,500, and the county tax was fixed at 25 cents on the $100. On March 8, 1848, the time of the court was mainly occupied in appointing supervisors for the various roads, HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 185 and on the 9tli overseers of the poor were appointed, one for each precinct. James M. Gaston, who had been engaged to build the courthouse and to have it finished by May 15, on the 10th of April prayed for an extension of the time in order to enable him to season the lumber, and the time was extended to August 15. In December, 1848, the building of a jail was provided for, which was to have a stone foundation two feet thick, two feet to be below the surface of the ground and one foot above, and which was to be two stories high, sixteen feet square, and the walls to be of ten inches square timber. As an evidence of the budding of esthetic taste in this primitive community it should be ob- served that while the two feet of the foundation wall of this criminal's retreat was to be of " rough masonry," the one foot above ground was'required to be " hammer dressed." The court- house had been received and paid for at the June term. In 1849 the commissioners were David Upchurch, James Stricklin and J. R. Norman. Under the constitution of 1848 the county commissioners' court was superseded by the system of county judge and two as- sociate justices. The first judge under this system, elected in 1849, was Samuel Elder, and his associate justices were David Upchurch and James Stricklin. This county court served through 1850. At the September term a petition was presented thereto, signed by William G. Malcom and 115 others, praying for an alter- ation in the State road, leading from Golconda to McLeans- boro, and it was ordered by the court that Daniel Mings? James P. Yandall and Archibald Sloan be appointed reviewers to view and relocate the State road, beginning at or near Joseph Wises, thence to Raleigh and thence to intersect the old State road, near the schoolhouse, near the residence of Henry Sim- mons. The report of these reviewers was approved December 2, 1850. At the June term, 1853, of this court, which evidently looked 186 SALINE COUNTY. upon Ealeigli as the permanent county seat, sealed proposals for a brick courthouse were invited (on June 9) to be submitted on Monday July 18, 1853, and James Stelle and Horatio R. Coffee were employed to make a full profile of the proposed new structure On July 18, when the bids were opened, it was found that Jarvis Pierce was the lowest bidder, and the contract was therefore awarded him for $5,500. The building was to be 36x4:0 feet, two stories high, the first ten feet from stone work to ceiling, and the second twelve feet between floor and ceiling, the foundation to be of stone, and the walls of brick, the first story walls to be eighteen inches thick and the second fourteen inches thick. There was to be a portico on the south end, six feet wide supported by four stone columns. A common roof was to be sur- mounted by a cupola, and on March 11, 1854, the " old court- house," was ordered to be offered for sale on May 30, with the lot on which it stood. On the first Monday (7th) of November, 1853, an election re- sulted in the choice of Samuel Elder, county judge, and David Upchurch and Moses P. McGehee, associate justices. In 1855 the court was the same except that James L. Kennedy had taken the place of David Upchurch. In 1856, Moses P. McGehee be- came county judge, and James L. Kennedy and James Stricklin, associate justices, and the June (1858) term of the county court convened at Harrisburg, the county seat having been chansred. The court then consisted of Moses P. McGehee, county judge, and James Stricklin and William Watkins, associ- ate justices. In March, 1859, the court ordered that Green B. Raum and William H. Parish, together with such other compe- tent person as they may select, be appointed commissioners for the county of Saline, to select sites upon which to erect a court- house and jail in the town of Harrisburg, and if necessary to negotiate for the purchase of the same, also to obtain plans and specifications for the buildings, and submit them to the court HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 187 and when the plans were approved by the court to enter into a contract for the construction of the buildings, payment for which was to be made in county bonds, the issuance of which by the court had been authorized by the Legislature for the purpose of erecting county buildirgs. Sealed proposals were received July 20, 1859, on the public square at Harrisburg, according to plans and specifications prepared by J. K. Frick & Co., architects, and the contract was awarded that day to John W. Mitchell and Robert Mick, for the sum of $15,440, the contract including the courthouse, jail and jailer's residence. The jail was completed and received August 4, 1860, and the courthouse, late in the year 1860, or early in 1861, full settlement being made at the Decem- ber term of the court, 1861. The building is a two-story brick with four doric columns of brick encased in plaster in front, standing near together, and supporting the roof of a portico, in which two spiral iron staircases wind up to the circuit courtroom above. In 1861, the county court was composed of D. J. Blackmau, county judge, and Jacob Smith and William A. Harris, associ- ate justices. In 1865, Moses P. McGehee, was county judge, and William L. Mitchell and Hiram Burnett, associate justices, and in 1867 the same court presided. In 1869, Moses P. McGehee was county judge, and John D. Church and John W. Cox, associate justices. In 1873 Moses P. McGehee was still county judge, and William A. Harris and John W. Cox, associate justices. In the year 1873 the change provided for in the constitution of 1870, with reference to the court, by which the county judge was made independent and the associate justices exchanged for the county commissioners, went into effect, and R. N. Warfield was elected county judge and served continuously until 1882. Owen Phillips was then elected and served four years, when he was succeeded in the fall of 1886 by the present judge, William H. Parish. 188 SALINE COUNTY. The first board of county commissioners under the present constitution, who were elected in 1873, were William H. Pankey, William M. Simmons and Nelson Webber, who after being elect- ed, chose the three, two and one years' terms respectively, in the order named. In 1871 the commissioners were William H. Pankey, William M. Simmons and John A. Wilson; in 1875, William H. Pankey, John A. Wilson and Alexander Oliver; in 1876, John A. Wilson, Parker Massey and Roswell Seten; in 1877, Parker Massey, Robert Lewis and James A. Harris; in .1878, Robert Lewis, James A. Harris and Richard Westbrook; in 1879, James A. Harris, Richard Westbrook and John B. Berry; in 1880, John B. Berry, James A. Harris and Richard Westbrook; in 1881, the same; in 1882, Richard Westbrook, James A. Harris and William G. Frith; in 1883, the same; in 1881, W. G. Frith, J. A. Harris and J. R. Baker; in 1885, J. R. Baker, J. W. Harris and Richard Westbrook, in 1886, J. L. Cain, J. R. Baker and Richard Westbrook. THE CIRCUIT COURT. The first term of the circuit court for Saline County was be- gun on Monday, June 5, 1848, at Raleigh, Hon. William A. Demning, judge. The first grand jury impaneled, consisted of John R. Norman, William Stricklin, John Rhine, C. B. Bramlet, Henry Garner, Albert A. Anderson, William Anderson, William Bourland, Jesse E. Rude, Samuel B. Crank, G. W. Hensley, Wilson Gaskins, Hermon Thompson, David Tanner, John Miller, James Hill and James Murray. The first case brought before the court was entitled " G. A. Pemberton, administrator of T. H. Spencer, de- ceased, vs. Logan Lynch, Appeal," and the entry in connection therewith reads as follows: " And now at this day came the parties by their attorneys; and the defendant by Parish, his attorney, moved the court to dismiss this appeal for want of bond. Upon argument, whereof it is ordered by the court that said motion HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 189 be overruled, and leave granted to amend the appeal bond herein." The second case was entitled "Robert Watson vs. Joseph Hays, Appeal," the entry in connection with which being as fol- lows: "And now at this day come the parties by their attorneys, and the issue and proofs being submitted to the court, upon due consideration, whereof, it is ordered by the court that the plain- tiff recover of the defendant his debt of $6, together with his costs and charges in this behalf expended, to be taxed, and that execution issue therefor." The third case was entitled "Francis A. Ritchey vs. William B. Pemberton, Appeal." A motion Avas made by Allen, attorney for the defendant, to dismiss the suit, which was sustained by the court. The total number of cases of this kind before the court on this, its first day at Raleigh, was six. The next case, and the first suit for divorce in this court, was entitled " James Hender- son I's. Annis Henderson," the defendant being "ruled to an- swer by 9 o'clock to-morrow morning." Then came the case of Gilliam Harris and Samuel Neal, "administrators vs. Mary Hill et al.'''' for the sale of lands in chancery. The petitioners, by Allen, their solicitor, moved, and it was ordered on his motion by the court that W. K. Parish be appointed guardian ad lifem, for the infant defendant, whereon. Parish appeared and accepted the appointment, and in the next case, that of " Nathan Bramlet rs. Barbary Wyatt, Sarilda Pumphrey, et al.,^'' Parish moved, and it was ordered by the court on his motion, that Willis Allen "be appointed guardian ad litem, for the infant defendants herein, and that said attorney defendant answer by 9 o'clock to- morrow." The above was all of the business of the court on its first day. The next day, Tuesday, the first case was that of " G. N. Pemberton vs. Logan Lynch," the decision being in favor of the plaintiff for $13, costs and charges. Then came " The People vs. 190 SALINE COUNTY. George W. Dew," on a recognizance to keep the peace, which case was dismissed at the defendant's cost. The case o£ " The People vs. Eobert C. Nelson, bastardy," was continued at the defendant's cost, and the divorce suit of James Henderson vs. Annis Henderson came on for legal adjudication, and the mar- riage was annulled, because Annis, on being "legally called, came not but made default." In case of Gilliam Harris and Samuel Neal vs. Mary Hill et al, court ordered and decreed that the real estate described in the petition be sold for the pur- poses therein set forth, and in that of Nathan Bramlet vs. Bar- bary Wyatt et al. the court ordered that the prayer of the peti- tion be granted and real estate mentioned, viz. : the southwest quarter of the northwest quarter of Section 23, and the west half of the northwest quarter of Section 26, of Township 8, Range 6, be partitioned so that the petitioner receive two-ninths thereof, and Archibald Sloan, James Baker and William Stricklin were appointed to carry the decree into effect. Then came four appeal cases and a suit for divorce by Absalom Paterson vs. Mary Paterson, and as Mary did not appear Absalom received his decree. Archibald Sloan was appointed master in chancery for Saline County, and after an indictment for larceny against James Fowler and Wylie Pumphrey, and one for assault against Phillip Peazle, court adjourned to convene next on November 6, 18 •48, the same judge being present and presiding. The following is the first list of petit jurors in Saline County: "William Carr, Wiley Pearce, James Swan, John Jones, Robert Johnson, James Laws, Daniel Jones, Ira Durham, William Stunson, Garner Stricklin, Miller Hale, Jacob Cummins, John S. Lambert, Thomas Pearson, Job Ingram, Howard Gaskins, Duncan Cotner, William Pankey, Samuel Strallstead, Spokely Vinson, Ransom Moore, Andrew J. Jones, Wiley Jones and William Crawford. At this term of the court Samuel S. Marshall was State's attor- ney. In the case of Phillip Teazle, indicted for an assault to HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 191 inflict bodily injury, the jury found the defendant guilty, and fixed his punishment at one hour's imprisonment and a fine of §5, and that against Robert C. Nelson, bastardy, was dismissed by agreement at the defendant's costs. But little else was done except to place upon the docket some appeal cases, and one indict- ment against Mathew Brown for an assault to murder, the first that came before the court, which after being continued through many terms of court was dismissed; an indictment against Tar- leton Ellige for disturbing a religious congregation, and one against Jacob, John and Andrew for an assault to do bodily injury, in which case bail was fixed at $200 each, the court then adjourned. The next term commenced Monday, June 11, 18-19, Hon. William A. Denning, judge. Mathew Brown, indicted for an assault to murder, being solemnly called came not, and an alkis capias was issued to Hamilton County. This was rather a stormy term of the court, the number of causes for various kinds of crime being considerably larger than heretofore. A number of cases of gaming were tried, the verdicts in some being " not guilty," in others "guilty." An alias capias issued to Hardin County for Thomas Eubanks, not appearing on trial for gaming, while Riley Gaskins, who plead guilty, was fined S3 and costs. Sarah Miller, indicted for bigamy, not appearing to answer to the charge an alias capias was issued; a case of assault to murder was continued, as was that of Tarlton Elliger disturbing religious congregation; one against David Price, trespass vi et armis, because he was not ready for trial, and two divorces were granted, one to Sarah Miller from John C. Miller, who permitted the case to go against him by default, and one to John M. Grable from Mary C. Grable, who also " being solemnly called came not." At the November term, 1819, Hon. William A. Denning, judge, and F. M. Rawlings, State's attorney, a number of the old cases came up again and a few new ones, as "obstructing the 192 SALINE COUNTY. public road;" " selling liquor without license," for which there was scarcely any excuse, as the price for license was then only ^25 per year, and when Benjamin Thaxton plead guilty he was fined $10 and costs; "selling liquor on the Sabbath day," for which Kobert S. Stunson paid a fine of $10 and costs, and Nancy Boid received a decree of divorce from Robert A. Bold, who like his predecessors and many of his successor defendants in divorce suits, "being solemnly called came not." At the June term, 1850, Hon. William A. Denning was the judge, as also at the November term. Saline County was then in the Third Judicial Circuit. A number of divorce suits came on at this term: Elizabeth Waddle vs. John Waddle, C. K. Mick vs. Sarah Mick, and Thomas H. Walton vs. Sarah Walton, the plaintiff in each case receiving a decree, because the defend- ant though "solemnly called came not." At the September term, 1851, the case against Carroll Stunson, assault to murder, which had been continued from court to court for about three years, was dismissed, as was that of Tarleton Ellige, for disturbing a religious congregation. A case of counterfeiting came on, one assumpsit case, one divorce suit, one larceny, one obstructing public high- way, and one for kidnaping, the latter against Jefferson King, the only case that was ever brought into the Saline Circuit Court, and which, after being continued from term to term for a number of years, was dismissed with the privilege of reinstating, but was never reinstated. At the May term, 1852, Hon. Samuel S. Marshall was the judge. Besides a few ordinary cases, there was one against Wal- lace A. Campbell for assault upon a woman, Campbell being sen- tenced to the penitentiary for twelve months, one day in solitary confinement and the balance of the time at hard labor. At the March term, 1853, Hon. Samuel S. Marshall, judge, Pleasant Eaton obtained a verdict against James B. Murray of $750, for slander, with costs and charges, and George Hollingsworth was sentenced to HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 193 the penitentiary for one year for killing James HoUingswortli. At this time J. S. Eobinson was State's attorney. At the May term, 1854, Hon. Samuel S. Marshall again presided in this court, but at the October term Hon. Downing S. Baugh Avas the judge, as also at the May term, 1855. At the October term, 1855, Hon. Edwin Beecher was judge, as also in June and October, 1856. In June, 1857, Hon. Wesley Sloan, judge of the Nineteenth Judicial District, presided, as also in October, 1857, March, June and November, 1858. At this time Thomas H. Smith was State's attorney. April 4, 1859, the circuit court first convened at Harrisburg, in the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, Hon. Willis Allen, judge. At the August term, 1859, Hon. William J. Allen was the presiding judge, and also in April, 1860, at which time Edward V. Pierce was State's attorney. In 1860, judging from the number of indictments in the circuit court, society in Saline County was in an exceedingly perturbed condition. It was a time of great political excitement. The breaking out of the great Eebellion seemed to cast its shad- ows before, and many, if not the most, of the people in Saline County, were in sympathy with the Southern movement, while those who were true to the Union cause were as ardently devoted to their principles as were the Southern sympathizers to theirs. A mere enumeration of the cases on the court records will be suf- ficient to indicate the real condition of affairs. There were seven cases of assaults to murder, one of murder, one of tearing down advertisements, thirteen assaults to do bodily injury, ninety cases of selling liquor "by the small," two of passing counterfeit money, three of larceny, two for public indecency, one assault with deadly weapon, one of disturbing a worshiping congregation, eight of keeping tippling house open on Sunday, fifteen of gam- ing, one for keeping a gaming house, one for malicious mischief, one for disturbing a family at night, one for unlawful assembly, two for resisting an officer, one for incest, sixteen cases of attach- 194 SALINE COUNTY. ment, one for bastardy, four for slander, five for divorces, twenty- five of assumpsit, three of trespass, two ejectment suits, one for betting on dice, two for riot — all of these at the April term, besides an almost unlimited number of cases of foreclosure of mortgage, most of these, however, by Green B. Raum, as drain- age commissioner, against persons owning swamp lands. In August, 1860, Hon. William J. Allen presided as judge and Edward P. Pierce was State's attorney. In April, 1861, Hon. William J. Allen was judge and J. M. Clemeut- son State's attorney, while in August, 1861, Hon. Andrew D. Duff was judge, with the same State's attorney, as was the case in March, 1862. In August, 1862, no court was held because of the absence of the judge, and in March, 1863, Hon. Andrew D. Duff was judge, with A. P. Corder, State's attorney pro tern. In August, 1863, and March, 1864, Hon. Andrew D. Duff was judge, and J. M. Clemeutson, State's attorney, and in April and September, 1865, in April and September, 1866, and in April and September, 1867, this was the case. In March and October, 1868, Hon. Andrew D. Duff was judge and C. N. Damron, State's attorney. In March and September, 1869, in April and September, 1870, in April and September, 1871, and in April and September, 1872, Hon. Andrew D. Duff was judge and Francis M, Youngblood, State's attorney. In April, 1873, Hon. Andrew D. Duff was judge and James M. Gregg, State's attorney. In May, 1874, Hon. M. C. Crawford was judge, and he continued to preside in Saline County Circuit Court until the July term, 1878, inclusive, when he was followed for the November term, 1878, by Hon. O. A. Harker. In May, 1879, Hon. M. C. Crawford presided again, and in Sep- tember, 1879, Hon. Daniel M. Browning presided and con- tinued so to do until and including the March term, 1881. At the September term, 1881, Hon. N. M. Laws presided, and Hon. O. A. Harker was then judge from the March term, HISTOllY OF ILLINOIS. 195 1882, to the September term, 1884, both inclusive. Hon. David J. Baker was jndge at the November term, 1884, and then Hon. O. A. Harker during the March and September terms, 1885, when he was followed by Hon. David J. Baker during the March and September terms, 1886, and the March term, 1887. A. C. Duff was State's attorney during the May term, 1874, James M. Gregg, during the terms following until and including the September term, 1880. William V. Choisser, then, until, and including, the November term, 1884, and then John J. Par- ish, commencing with the March term, 1885, and continuing on until the present time. Causes ^elehre. — The first case tried by a jury in Saline County was one of the remarkable ones that occasionally occur in law. On the records of the circuit court it is entitled John Kelly vs. Isaac M. Johnson, and was brought up to this court from that of a justice of the peace, to test the ownership of a bull calf, and is hence remembered as the "bull calf case." It came on for trial on the first day of the first session of the court, June 5, 1848, at Baleigh, and was decided on June 6. Kelly sued Johnson for the possession of the calf. Following are the names of the jury, the first jury in Saline County, before whom the case was tried: James Cummins, Joseph Easly, John B. Wilson, Wil- liam Crawford, William St. C. Clark, Andrew Benson, William D. Clary, JohnF. Upchurch, John Barns, Napoleon Choisser, James P. Yandell and Edward Hampton. All of them are dead but Will- iam D. Clary. One of the witnesses for the defense was a widow. It appears that the calf sued for was described as "a red bull calf, with a nick in one ear and a long tail," while the one in the possession of Johnson had no nick in its ear, and had a bob-tail. The widow, when asked how the calf with a bob-tail and no nick in either of its ears could be Kelly's calf, when his calf was de- scribed as having a nick in one ear and a long tail, woman-like, 196 SALINE COUNTY. replied, that she " did not care, nick or no nick, tail or no tail, it was Kelly's calf." Whether npon the strength of such cogent reasoning or otherwise cannot be stated, but the verdict of the jury was: "We, the jury, find the defendant guilty, and assess the damages at |3.50," whereupon it was ordered by the court that the said plaintiff recover of the defendant his damages, aforesaid, together with his costs and charges in this behalf ex- pended to be taxed, and that execution issue therefor. The costs and charges in the case amounted to about $450, and Mr. John- son had to sell his eighty acre farm and his personal property to meet it, and was thereby financially ruined. The distinguished attorneys in this case were, for the plaintiff, William H. Stick- ney, W. K. Parish, and W. H. Parish, and for the defendant, Willis Allen, William J. Allen, Hugh B. Montgomery and Fran- cis M. Piawlings. IMPOETANT TRIALS. The principal murder trials have been the following: The Edwards trial, the Hollingsworth trial, the Barnett trial, the Keelin trial and the Pickering trial. James Barnett was tried for killing George Seete, in Somerset precinct, in 1866. He had three trials in all — two in Saline County, and one by change of venue, in Gallatin County. At his second trial he was sentenced to the penitentiary for fourteen years, and at his third trial the verdict was the same. In a few years Mr. Macklin, of Harris- burg, procured his pardon from Gov. Oglesby, on the ground of his old age, the expensiveness of his three trials and the sufficiency of the punishment he had already undergone. The Edwards trial occurred in 1853, Edwards being indicted for killing his stepchild, in Massac County, by kicking it out of the way. The kicking was alleged to have caused an injury to its spine of which it died. He was tried in Saline County, while John S. Kobinson was State's attorney, and who was assisted by HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 197 John A. Logan. He was defended by Jedidiah Jack and Thomas G. C. Davis and acquitted. George Hollingsworth killed his father, James Hollingsworth, in 1854. He was tried in Saline County, John S. Kobinson being State's attorney. Hollingsworth was defended by Jedidiah Jack, Hugh B. Montgomery and William H. Parish, and was couTicted of manslaughter and sentenced to the penitentiary for one year. More interest attaches probably to the Pickering murder trial than to any other that has occurred in this county. William T. Pickering and his two sons, William and James, killed a young man named ■ Dawson, in 1871, while he was waiting upon a young lady. The trial came on at the September term of the court. William T. and William Pickering were denied bail, and James was admitted to bail in the sum of $2,000. F. M. Youne-- o blood was State's attorney, and the attorneys for the defense were Kaum & Christy and Davis & Harris. A change of venue as to the two denied bail was taken to Gallatin County in October, 1871, and the result of the trial there was that they were sentenced to the penitentiary during their natural lives. William T. Picker- ing has died, and William is serving out his sentence. James Pickering was finally tried in Saline County, in 1875, and was sentenced to fourteen years in the penitentiary. After servino- four years he was pardoned. Samuel Keelin killed William Meece, in Williamson County, in the spring of 1875 at a church gathering, because in a personal encounter some time previously Meece had given him a severe whipping. The attorneys for the defense were William J. Allen and C. K. Davis. The verdict of the jury was that Keelin Avas guilty, and fixed his punishment at imprisonment in the peniten- tiary during his natural life. He was pardoned out in 188G be- cause of being insane, which is thought to have been the case when the murder was committed. The most prominent members of the Saline County bar have 198 SALINE COUNTY. been the following: Willis Allen, Hugh B. Montgomery, S. S. Hayes, Green B. Eaum, William K. Parish, Francis M. Bawl- ings, W. H. Moore, John McElvain, Thomas G. C. Davis, Jedi- diah Davis, John A. McClernand, Eobert Wingate, John A. Logan, Cressa K. Davis and James M. Gregg. Brief sketches of two or three of these, who were more particularly resident members of the bar, and who are either dead or practicing law elsewhere, are here introduced. Green B. Raum was born in Golconda about 1830. His father, John Raum, was a major in the Black Hawk war, and his mother was Mrs. Juliet C. Eaum, both of whom were most ardent patriots during the war of the Rebellion. Green B. Raum re- ceived an education in youth somewhat more limited than even that furnished by the common schools of the time, and studied law in the office of Hon. Wesley Sloan at Golconda. After his marriage to a Miss Field, of Golconda, he moved to Harris- burg, Saline County, where he remained in the practice of his profession, and in the performance of such duties as the people of the county saw fit to require of him, until the breaking out of the Rebellion. During this period of his life he did not exhibit remarkable brilliancy, but was noted more for his thoroughness in the law than for any other peculiarity. He was one of the first to raise his voice in defense of the Government in southern Illinois, making the first speech at Golconda in favor of the sup- pression of the Rebellion. He was, likewise, one of the first to volunteer his services as a soldier, his course in both respects having much to do with shaping public sentiment in favor of the war in this part of the State. He served with distinction through the war, passing the various grades of promotion from private to brigadier-general. He was wounded at Missionary Ridge, and after recovering and at the close of the war, he returned to the prac- tice of the law at Harrisburg, and together with Dr. John W. Mitchell, had much to do with securing the construction of the HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 199 Cairo & Viucennes Kailway, in which project he lost most of his fortune, in consequence of which he moved onto a farm near Gol- conda, where he lived until his appointment, in 1876, by Presi- dent Hays as Commissioner of Internal Revenue, when he removed to Washington, D. C, where he has since resided. Eesigning his office as commissioner of internal revenue, in 1884. After his resignation he resumed the practice of the law in Washing- ton, where he has met with marked success. Cressa K. Davis was born in Daviess County, Ind. He re- ceived a limited education, but after arriving at manhood's estate, by his own industry and application, became a learned man. Ear- ly in life he removed to Shawn eetown, where, making a living by working at the carpenter's trade, he meanwhile studied law as a private student, and thus acquired a legal education. He was admitted to the bar in Gallatin County, but removed to Saline County in 1858, to enter upon the practice of his profession. He was scarcely ever caught reading a law book, and was highly dis- dainful of precedents and adjudged cases, but so fine was his in- herent sense of justice, and so strong was his logical faculty, and so certainly did he resolve everything to its underlying princi- ple, that he was one of the most famous and successful practition- ers ever at the bar of this county. Very few lawyers anywhere excelled him in the trial of every kind of case in the courts. He was strongest before a jury, where his strong common sense was most conspicuous, and withal he was one of the most charitable of men, this peculiar phase of his character rendering it impossi- ble for him to save the money he earned. During the war he was a sterling patriot, ever ready to urge and to lead men into the Union Army. He died in 1877. James M. Gregg was a native of Hamilton County and reared upon a farm. He was a son of Hon. Hugh Gregg. By his own industry, energy, natural endowments and perseverance he over- came all the obstacles that beset his pathway, and was admitted 200 SALINE COUNTY. to the bar before his majority was attained. He was thoroughly imbued with the realization that thoroughness was the only royal road to success in his chosen profession ; and so fully familiarized himself with the facts and the law in every case entrusted to his care, that it was won, if won at all, before it came on for trial. These habits and traits of character rendered him a formidable opponent in any forum, and enabled him to win not only nearly all evenly balanced cases, but oftentimes to snatch victory from the very jaws of apparent defeat; and for these reasons his prac- tice so rapidly increased that he was much overworked, and this overwork for the last fifteen years of his life undoubtedly led to broken health and a premature grave. He died at La Junta, Colo., June 10, 1886, at the age of thirty-nine years, seven months and five days, widely known, highly honored and univer- sally sorrowed. Following is a list of the present bar of Saline County, with the dates of which they commenced practice in the county: Will- iam H. Parish, 1848; James Macklin, 1853; William M. Christy, 1858; Boen Phillips, 1870; W. V. Choisser, 1875; William H. Boyer, 1878; John J. Parish, 1879; E. S. Marsh, 1881; A. M. Lewis, 1882; S. R Williford and William H. Parish, Jr., in 1883; W. F. Scott, 1884. At Eldorado, Francis M. Parish. RAILBOAD HISTORY. At the present time there are three railroads in Saline County : the Louisville & Nashville, formerly the St. Louis & Southeastern ; the Cairo & Vinceunes, and the Belleville & Eldorado. The former extends from Shawneetown to McLeansboro, upon which there is but one station, Eldorado, in Saline County. It enters the county near the southeast corner of Section 13, Town- ship 9, Range 7, and leaves it a short distance west of the northeast corner of Section 20, Township 7, Eange 7, the entire length within the county being about thirteen miles. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 201 The Cairo & Vincennes extends diagonally through the county, entering it about half a mile south of the northeast corner, and leaving it about a mile north of the southwest corner at Bolton, the entire length of this road within the county being about twenty-eight and a half miles. The Belleville & Eldorado line extends from Eldorado northwestward to Benton and on to St. Louis. Its length within the county is about seventeen miles, making the total length of railroad in Saline County fifty-eight miles. All of these railroads have been built since 1870. The first action of the county looking toward the securing of the con- struction of railroads was an election held October 5, 1867, at which it was decided by the people to subscribe in bonds $100,000 to the capital stock of the Cairo & Vincennes Eailway Company, on certain conditions. Green B. Raum,presideut of this company entered into a contract with the county court, of which Moses P. McGehee, the judge, and W. L. Mitchell, one of the asso- ciate justices,both of whom signed the contract for the county, to the effect that there should be twenty-six miles of railroad more or less within the county, and that Harrisburg should be a pernament point on said road, that 350,000 in bonds should be issued to the company when the road was completed and cars running thereon to Harrisburg, and the other $50,000 when the road should bo built and cars running thereon the rest of the way through the county. This contract was signed in November, 1867, and the road was to be completed to Harrisburg within three years. Subse- quently an extension of time was granted for two additional years, and again subsequently the stock held by the county was pur- chased by the company, $100,000 in stock for $5,000 in bonds, so that the net donation of the county to the Cairo & Vincennes Bailway Company was $95,000, the interest on which was origi- nally eight per cent. A double railroad election was held in the county on Saturday, October 9, 1869, to decide on the subscription in bonds to the capi- 202 SALINE COUNTY. tal stock of the St. Louis & Southeastern Eailway Company to the amount of ^25,000, and on the subscription of 875,000 in bonds to the capital stock of the Belleville & Eldorado Railway Com- pany, The first proposition was carried by a vote of 876 to 427, and the second by a vote of 888 to 428. Thus the bonds issued to the three railroads amount in the aggregate to $195,000. The entire series have been refunded at the rate of six per cent, thus making the annual interest on the entire railroad bonded indebt- edness $11,700. The railroad property in the county is appraised at $333,501, and the anual amount of taxes received from all these three railroad companies is $9,465.40, and it is estimated that the appreciation of value in property in the county is about fifty per cent for that lying within two or three miles of each side of each road, while that more remote has raised in value in a proportion- ately diminishing ratio. It is remarkable, however, that as yet no sinking fund has been established for the payment of the bonds as they fall due. The Saline County Agricultural Board was chartered June 6, 1881. The incorporators were W. A. McHaney, W. R. Rathbone, De Witt C. Otey, W. P. Hallock, W. E. Burnett, W. M. Gregg and W. H. Howell. The organization of the board took place June 16, 1881, with the following as the principal officers: W. E. Burnett, president; Clem. Bundy, vice-president; F. M. Pickett, secretary; E. W. Wiedeman, treasurer; W. W. Largent, superin- tendent ; W. G. Sloan, marshal, and J. H. Mcllrath, chief of police. The board owns fifty-one acres of land, lying three-fourths of a mile north of Harrisburg, which is well fitted up with buildings, and has on its grounds an excellent half-mile race track. The present officers are W. G. Sloan, president; R. J. Mcllrath, G. E. Burnett and T. J. Cain, vice-presidents; W. A. McHaney, secretary ; J. M. Baker, treasurer ; W. E. Burnett, superintendent, and W. W. Largent, marshal. The property of the board is worth about $6,000. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 203 HARRISBUEG, THE COUNTY SEAT. Harrisburg, the county seat of Saline County, was originally surveyed by A. Sloan, May 28, 1853, the proprietors o£ the town site being John Pankey, John Cain, James P. Yandell and James A. Harris. There were twenty acres in the original plan of the town; five acres being in the southwest quarter of Section 15, five being in the southwest quarter of the northwest quarter of Section 15, five acres in the southeast quarter of the northeast quarter of Section 16, and five acres in the northeast quarter of the southeast quarter of Section 16, Township 9, Eange 6. There were in the original plat but two streets: Main Street, running north and south on the section line, and Locust Street, running east and west on the half-section line. Since that time there have been numerous additions made, which it is not deemed necessary to particularly describe. Mitchell's revised plat con- tained the first addition. In this plat John W. Mitchell added forty lots, Nos. 1 to 40; James Feazel added four blocks, Nos. 17 to 20, and Lewis West added two blocks, Nos. 21 and 22. The public square was known on this plat as Block No. 7. This plat was surveyed September 9, 1856, by M. D. Gillett. Wilson ^ork on the road to January 1, 1872, and its completion to January 1, 1874. The board of supervisors of the county, on the 13th of December, 1876, passed a resolution to issue the bonds to the extent of $150,000, which was accordingly done. The construction of the railroad was not begun until January, 1877, and it was not completed through the county until November 1, 1869. Subse- quently in the case of Franklin County vs. The Bellville & Eldorado Kailroad Company, tried before Judge Harlan, of the United States Circuit Court, at Chicago, a decision was rendered which virtually made void $50,000 of the said bonds; and in the case of Richard Richeson vs. The People ex rel Wm. R. Jones, tax collector, which was appealed to the supreme court of the State, the $100,000 of said bonds were declared void on the ground that the county board had no authority to extend the time of commencing and completing the road. This railroad, which is the only one in Franklin County, enters the county near 374 FEANKLIN COUNTY. its southeast corner, and passes through it by way of Thomasville, Parrish, Smothersville, Benton, Buckner, Christopher and Mul- keytown, and crosses the west line of the county about midway between the northwest and southwest corners thereof. The following statement shows the population of Frank- lin County at the end of each decade of ten years, beginning with the year 1820, only two years after the organization: Year 1820, including territory of Williamson County, 1,763; 1830, 1,763; 1840, 3,682; 1850, white 5,646, colored 35, total 5,681; 1860, white 9,367, colored 26, total 9,393; 1870, white 12,642, colored 6, total 12,646; 1880, white 16,099, colored 30, total 16,129. Politically the county of Franklin has always been Democratic, and prior to the late civil war the Democratic party was over- whelmingly in the ascendency. During the war, and at the close thereof, the Eepublican party began, and has since gained in numbers, so that at the last State election, that of 1886, the Democratic majority was reduced to 191 votes. The vote of the <3ounty at the last three presidential elections stood as follows: 1876— Tilden, 1,302; Hayes, 966. 1880— Hancock, 1,610; Gar- field, 1,286. 1884— Cleveland, 1,729, Blaine, 1,431. county-commissioners' courts. The first constitution of the State of Illinois, which was adopted on the 26th of August, 1818, provided that there should be elected in each county three county commissioners, for the purpose of transacting all county business, whose term of service, power and duties, should be regulated and defined by law. Subsequently the Legislature of the State provided for the election of said commissioners, and their organization as a court, and defined their numerous duties. The early records of the county having been destroyed, it is impossible to state who first composed this court for the county of Franklin, or to give a history in full of its early proceedings. The caption of the HISTOKY OF ILLINOIS. 375 first record of this court which has been preserved reads as follows: "At a court of county commissioners, begun and held at the clerk's office December, 1838, present, the worshipful Fred. F. Duncan, Cyrus Campbell and John Crawford, commis- sioners; S. M. Hubbard, clerk, and Wm. S. Crawford, sheriff." The following is a list of county commissioners who composed this court from 1838 to 1849, at which time a change was made by law in its organization, viz.: Fred F. Duncan, 1838-39; Cyrus Campbell, 1838-39; John Crawford, 1839-42; Benj. W. Pope, 1839-42; John Dillon, 1839-40; Abraham Kea, 1840-44; Elijah Taylor, 1841-47; W. H. Eubanks, 1842-48; Carter Greenwood, 1844-46; Moses Neal, 1846-49; C. F. Mulkey, 1847-49; Matthew Ing, 1848-49. On the 3d of March, 1845, the General Assembly of the State passed an act per- taining to counties and county courts, providing that " each county which has heretofore been, or may hereafter be estab- lished in this State, according to the laws thereof, shall be a body politic and corporate, by the name and style of ' The county of , and by that name may sue and be sued, plead and be impleaded, defend and be defended against, in any court of record, either in law or equity, or other place where justice shall be administered.' " The said act also provided that " There shall remain as at present established, in each county of this State, and shall be established in each county hereafter created, a court of record, to be constituted, composed of three commis- sioners, elected by the people as hereinafter provided, to be styled the couniy commissioners' court of County." It further provided that there should be four sessions of the county commissioners' court held in each year at the usual place of holding courts, or at the office of the clerk, to commence on the first Mondays of March, June, September and December, and each to continue six days if the business should not be sooner completed; and that two commissioners should constitute 376 FRANKLIN COUNTY. a quorum to do business, and any one of said commissioners was empowered to call special sessions when urgent business required it. The county commissioners, under this act were each allowed $1.50 per day for each day they were necessarily em- ployed in the performance of their duties, and the one " who should be oldest in commission " was to preside at all meetings of the court. Prior to the enforcement of this act, the com- missioners' court had original and appellant jurisdiction over criminal proceedings, but now that power was taken away from it, and its duties were limited strictly to county business, and its jurisdiction thus defined by said act. Sec. 25. The said court shall have jmisdictibn throughout their respective counties, in all matters and things concerning the county revenue, and regulat- ing and imposing the county tax, and shall have power to grant license for ferries and for taverns, and all other licenses and things that may bring in a county revenue, and shall have jurisdiction in all cases of public roads, canals, turnpike roads and toll bridges, and v^^here law does not prohibit the said juris- diction of said courts; and shall have power and jurisdiction to issue all kinds of writs, warrants, process and proceedings by the clork, throughout the State, w-hich are necessary to the execution of the power and jurisdiction with which said courts are or may be vested by law. The county commissioners' court continued to transact the county business, until it Avas superseded by the county court in 1849, at which time it ceased to exist in Franklin County and the performance of its duties passed to the latter court. The new constitution of the State of Illinois, which was adopted by the Convention August 31, 1817, and ratified by the people March 6, 1848, and became effective from and after April 1, of that year, provided in Article V, Section 17, that one county judge should be elected by the qualified voters of each county, who should hold his office for four years, and until his successor should be elected and qualified, and by Section 18, it provided that "The jurisdiction of said court should extend to all probate, and such other jurisdiction as the General Assembly might confer in civil cases, and such criminal cases, as might be prescribed by law, where the punishment was HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 377 by fine only, not exceeding one Imndred dollars. And by Sec- tion 19 it was provided that the county judge, with such justices of the peace in each county as might be designated by law, should hold terms for the transaction of county business, and should perform such other duties as the General Assembly should prescribe. " In accordance with these provisions of the constitution, the General Assembly of the State, on the 12tli of February, 1849, passed an act with the following provisions. Section 1. That there shall be established in each of the counties in this State, now created and organized, or which may hereafter be created or organ- ized, a court of record to be styled " The County Court of County. " The said judges shall be elected on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November, 1849. and on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November, quadrennially, forever thereafter, by the qualified voters of the respective counties, and shall hold their offices for the term of four years, and until their successors are elected and qualified. The act further provided that at the same time of electing the judge of said court, a clerk thereof should be elected whose term of office should be the same. The powers and jurisdiction of this court were defined as follows: Sec. 13. The county court shall be and is hereby vested with all the powers and jurisdiction of the probate court, as now established by law, and appeals may be taken from, and writs of certiorari prosecuted upon, its judgments rendered under the powers conferred in this act, in the manner prescribed by law in the case of similar judgments rendered by the probate court. The county court shall have concurrent jurisdiction with the circuit court in hear- ing and determining all applications for the sale of real estate of deceased per- sons, for the payment of debts for said decedents, and shall make all orders and render all judgments on such applications that the circuit court might or could make or render in similar cases, and final process may issue as from the circuit court. Sec. 14. The county judge shall be a conservator of the peace, and shall have the same civil and criminal jurisdiction as the justices of the peace in this State; and shall have the same power and authority to preserve order in the court, and punish contempt offered the court while in session that the circuit court now possesses Sec. 15. The said judge, with two justices of the peace designated and pro- vided for, shall, in all cases, whatever, sit as a county court, have, exercise and possess all the powers, jurisdiction and authority heretofore conferred by law •on the county commissioners' court of this State, and shall sit for the transac- tion of county business on the fir.st Mondays of December, March, June and September, in every year, and shall continue open until the business before them is disposed of; and called or special terms, for the transaction of count}' bus- 378 FEANKLIN COUNTY. iness, may be held, as now provided by law, for special terms of the countj^ commissioners' courts. The act also provided that justices of the peace should be elected at the same time that the countj^ judges were elected, and that the county court, with the county judge only presiding, should sit ou the first Mon- days of every month, except the months of December, March, June and Sep- tember, and on the third Mondays of said months. Thus it will be seen that the county court presided over by the county judge only, held twelve sessions in each year for the transaction of business coming within its jurisdiction, and that said court, when presided over by the county judge and two jus- tices of the peace, as associate judges, held four regular sessions in each year for the transaction of the county business coming within its jurisdiction. In accordance with the foregoing provisions, the officers elected in 1849, for the county court, were Andrew J. Duff, judge; W. R. Browning, clerk; and of the justices of the peace elected at the same time, Wilson Rea and B. Scarborough, were designated and became associates of the judge elect. These offi- cers, after being duly commissioned and qualified, met at the courthouse in Benton, on the first Monday of December, 1849, and opened the first term of this newly created court. The county court thus organized continued to perform its functions until 1872, when it was deprived of its jurisdiction over county business by reason of the adoption, by the county, of township organization. It continued, however, to hold its monthly ses- sions as provided for in the act creating it, but the quarterly sessions, formerly held by the judge and two associate justices, ceased to convene. On the 26th of March, 1874, the General Assembly of the State, passed "an act to extend the jurisdiction of county courts, and to provide for the practice thereof; to fix the time for holding the same, and to repeal an act therein named." This act provided that the county judge should be elected on the Tuesday after the first Monday in November, 1882, and every four years thereafter. The jurisdiction of the court was classified and defined as follows: Probate jurisdiction — "county courts —.BATTLE OF — MURFREESBORO. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 381 shall have jurisdiction in all matters of probate, settlement of estates of deceased persons, appointment of guardians and con- servators, and settlement of their accounts ; all matters relating to apprentices, proceedings for the collection of taxes and assess- ments, and in proceedings by executors, administrators, guard- ians and conservators for the sale of real estate for the purposes authorized by law, and such other jurisdiction as is or may be provided by law. All of which, except as hereinafter provided, shall be considered as probate matter, and be cognizable at the probate terms hereinafter mentioned. The probate terms of the county court, shall commence on the third Mondays of each month during the year, except the months provided in this act for the holding of law terms, and shall be always open for the granting of letters testamentary and guardianship, and for the transaction of probate business." Law jurisdiction — " The county court shall have concurrent jurisdiction with the circuit court in all that class of cases wherein justices of the peace now have or may hereafter have jurisdiction, where the amount claimed, or the value of the prop- erty in controversy, shall not exceed one thousand dollars, and concurrent jurisdiction in all cases of appeals from justices of the peace and police magistrates." The act provided that the law terms in Franklin County should be held on the third Mon- days of February and August in each year. LIST OF COUNTY JUDGES. The following is a list of the county judges of Franklin County from the organization of the county court in 1849 to the present writing, and of the associate justices from the same time down to 1872: Judges— Andrew J. DuflP, 1849-53; John Duflf, 1853-57; Moses Neal, 1857; W. R. Browning, 1857-59; W. J. Dillon, 1859-61; Walter S. Akin, 1861-62; John W. Hill, 1862-65; W. E. Smith, 1865-69; D. M. Browning, 1869-79; William H. 382 FRANKLIN COUNTY. Williams, 1879-86 ; W. J. N. Moyers, present incumbent, elected in 1886. Associate justices — Wilson Eea and B. Scarborough, 1840-53; Andrew J. Ice and Carter Greenwood, 1853-57; John W. Hill, 1857-62; Lewis G. Payne, 1857-65; William Osteen, 1861-65; Isham Harrison, 1865-69; J. M. Akin, 1865-72; G. G. Sweetin, 1869-72. TOWNSHIP ORGANIZATION AND BOARD OF SUPERVISORS. On the 7th of November, 1871, an election was held in the several voting precincts of the county, for the purpose of sub- mitting to the people the proposition of adopting township organ- ization, and upon counting the votes, it was found that 987 had been cast in favor of township organization and 520 against it, consequently township organization was adopted, and the county court appointed Calvin M. Clark, T. K. Means and J. W. McCreery commissioners to divide the county into civil town- ships. These gentlemen met and performed this duty, and filed their report Si the March term, 1872, of said court. They divided the county into civil townships, precisely as it is now divided, and o-ave to each the same name that it now bears, except Township 7 south, Range 2 east, which they named Townmount instead of Denning, as it is now called. The first board of supervisors elected under the foregoing provisions met in special session at the courthouse, in Benton, on the 22d of April, 1872, when the following persons were enrolled as supervisors, viz.: John A. Walker, Samuel McClel- land, Caleb T. Mulkey, David Martin, Franklin L. Rea, William J. Murphy, Gilbert G. Sweetin, Isaac AVard, Mounteville Fitts, Peter Phillips, John H. Hogan and Jesse G. Mitchell. These supervisors organized for business by electing Gilbert G. Sweetin as chairman for the ensuing year. One of the first duties per- formed by them was to demand of their clerk a statement show- ing the financial condition of the county. On the following day. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 383 said clerk filed such statement in the following words, to wit: Outstanding county bonds, $8,500, bearing 10 per cent interest, due in 1874; county orders, jury certificates and judges' war- rants, $948.17; total indebtedness, $9,448.17; revenue in the hands of treasurer and collector, $7,194. Since 1872, the town- ship organization of the county has been twice abolished, and county commissioners' courts re-established, but at the pres- ent writing, the county is, and for the last two years has been, under township organization, and the board of supervisors at present (February, 1877,) consists of the following named gen- tlemen, of the following named townships: J. M. Brayfield, of Goode; W. H. Mulkey,of Tyrone; Kobert Standerfur, of Six Mile; William Hutson, of Barren; John H. Hill, of Browning; W. J. Murphy, of Denning ; J. M. Darr, of Ewing ; T. M. Mooneyham, of Benton; William Saddler, of Frankfort; W. H. Boyer, of Northern; Thomas Sullivan, of Eastern, and W. A. Stewart, of Cave. The supervisors are elected annually at th^April elec- tions, and they organize themselves into a court by electing, at their first meeting in each year, one of their members as chair- man to preside during the year. Their jurisdiction is limited strictly to county business as has been heretofore defined. THE CIRCUIT COURT. The first term of the circuit court of Franklin County was held at Frankfort, the old county seat, soon after the organization of the county was completed, by Judge Samuel D. Lockwood, then a member of the supreme court. The latter court was then composed of five judges, who, after performing their duties on the supreme bench, would separate and hold the several circuits courts of the State, which were then but few in number. Judge Lockwood was succeeded by Judges Browne, Hardin and Scates, who presided over the court prior to the removal of the county seat. A list of their successors has been given elsewhere 384 FRANKLIN COUNTY. in this work. Judge Williams of Benton said, in his centennial address, in reference to early times: "In those days a meeting of the circuit court called the lawyers together from all parts of the State, some of them following the judges around the circuit, and coming to Frankfort from Kaskaskia, which was then the capital of the State. This practice continued for quite a number of years." The circuit court districts were then very large, and somewhat similar in size to the enormously large circuits over which some of the old " circuit riders" and missionaries of the Methodist Church used to ride. And these early lawyers, who traveled with the judges in their circuits, often had experiences somewhat like those of the old " circuit riders" of that church; their calling however was quite different. The State was origi- nally divided into nine judicial districts, and by an act of the Legislature, in 1841, the Third District was made to consist of Franklin, Jackson, Perry, Union, Williamson, Alexander, John- son, Jefferson and Mai'ion Counties. The State was redistricted under an act of the Legislature, passed in 1877, which changed the number of this district from the third to the first, and made it to consist of Franklin, Williamson, Jackson, Union, Alexander, Pulaski, Massac, Johnson, Pope, Hardin, and Saline Counties, and as provided by law, there are three judges elected within the district to preside and hold the courts in the several counties. The terms of this court are now held in Franklin County, begin- ning on the first Mondays of April and October in each year. The records of the circuit court, which have not been destroyed, begin with the March term, 1837, when Judge Walter B. Scates was presiding, and S. M. Hubbard clerk, and Willis Allen sheriff. The following is a list of the grand jurors selected for that term, viz. : James Eubanks, Austin Y. Kelly, Jonas Lance, Chas. Miller, Isham Tyner, Alfred J. James, Henry Staff, Fred. Duncan, James Berry, Wm. Arnold, Samuel Donoway, Elijah Spiller, Sr., Thomas E. Loudon, Wm. T. Davis, HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 385 Moses Oclum, Levi Stroud, Joseph SaDders, Robert Worth en, James Akin, James F. Chenoeth and Aaron Denning — the lat- ter being foreman of the jury. This jury was selected and served half a century ago, and all have since passed to that " unknown land from whence no traveler e'er returns." IMPORTANT TRIALS. The most important case tried in the circuit court of Franklin County, in an early day, was tried before Wm. A. Denning, judge, in 1847, and which grew out of the troubles in Massac County the preceding year. The citizens of that county had been annoyed for some time with a band of horse thieves, which they undertook to suppress by an organization, which they termed " Regulators." A counter-movement was at once made by a party calling them- selves " Flat Heads," and matters continued to grow from bad to worse, until a regular battle ensued. Such a state of anarchy prevailed that judges could not hold court in that county. George W. Akin, of this county, was appointed deputy United States marshal, and with about one hundred of the citizens of this county went down and arrested about fifty of the offenders, and brought them to Benton for trial. The Regulators under arrest were prosecuted by Richard Nelson, and defended by Hon, Walter B. Scates, Such was the zeal manifested by the respective attorneys that a quarrel ensued, and an attempt, on the part of Nelson, to take the life of Scates. It appears that after court had adjourned one day, hot words were passed between the attorneys, whereupon Nelson drew a pistol and fired at Scates, missing him. The friends of the parties interfered, and pre- vented further trouble.* On this occasion the prisoners were, for a while, under guard at the hotel, being in charge of Wm. Moon- eyham (a resident of Benton and still surviving), who was then acting as adjutant for the marshal, Mr. Akin. Hon. * Centennial speech of Williams. 386 FKANKLIN COUNTY, Walter B. Scates called to see some of the Regulators who were his clients, and was refused admission by Mr. Mooneyham, who had orders from the marshal to admit no one, whereupon Scates declared that he would have a law passed permitting attorneys to visit their clients at any time and under all circumstances. He kept his promise and such a law was afterward passed. Another important case involving the question of forgery, and the title to a quarter section of land near the old town of Frank- fort, and which created a great deal of public excitement, and much contention between parties related to each other, was that of John W. Pry vs John Pry, Sr. The origin of this case, and the facts connected therewith, as developed by the pleadings, and the evidence produced thereon at the trial, are as follows : On the 13th of August, 1862, William Pry, the father of John W. Pry and the son of John Pry, Sr., enlisted as a soldier in the United States Army for three years, and about the 1st of May, 1864, when he was with the army in the State of Georgia, he wrote to his father, at Frankfort, in this county, directing him to sell and convert into money certain personal property then in his possession, and belonging to the said William Pry, and to invest the proceeds thereof, together with about $50 then in his hands and belonging also to said William, in the southeast quar- ter of Section 19, Township 7 south, Range 3 east, in said county belonging to one Bailey Martin, and also directing him to have the deed of the land made jointly to the plaintifP, John W. Pry and Hamilton Pry, the latter being a minor son of John Pry, Sr., and brother of the said William. Accordingly the said John Pry, Sr., on the 5th of August, 186-1, purchased of the said Bailey Martin and wife the said quarter section of land, for the sum of 1200, and paid for it with the proceeds of said personal proj)- erty, and the money then in his hands belonging to the said William, as stated above, and took a deed from the said Mar- tin and wife to John W. Pry, the plaintiff, and Hamilton Pry. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 387 The deed was executed aud handed by these grantors to John Pry, Sr., to be kept by him for the use of the grantees therein named. John W. Pry was then an infant, about three years of age, and the said Hamilton, his uncle, about seventeen. In Sep- tember, 1864, Hamilton Pry died intestate, and without children or decendants of children, and soon after his death and before the aforesaid deed had been put on record, the said John Pry, Sr., erased the " W" in the plaintiff's name, and the name of Hamilton Pry altogether from the deed, thereby making it in form a deed to himself instead of to the aforesaid grantees, as originally written, and afterward on the 22d of August, 1871, he caused the same, in its altered form, to be put on record as a deed from the said Martin and wife to himself, and after William Pry returned from the army, and before the said deed was recorded, the said John Pry, Sr., con- veyed the west half of the said quarter section of land to the said Wm. Pry, by a quit-claim deed. He afterward conveyed por- tions of the east half of said quarter section of land to other par- ties, among whom was also the said William Pry and John Pry, Jr., another of his sons. The prayer of the plaintiff's complaint in this action was to have the original deed from Martin aud wife and the record thereof corrected, and the title to the said land confirmed in the said John W. Pry, and that all subsequent deeds from John Pry, Sr., be declared null and void, and set aside as clouds upon his, the plaintiff's, title. The decision of the lower court not being satisfactory, the case was appealed to the supreme court of the State, and an opinion rendered by that tri- bunal in favor of the plaintiff, which restored to him the legal and equitable title to his interest in said land, as originally con- veyed to him by the said Martin and Avife. It was claimed by the defendant, John Pry, Sr., that the erasures in said deed and the recording of it was done by him, with the consent and knowl- edge of William Pry, to enable him to convey the land, and not with fraudulent intent, and the fact that he did convey one half 388 FRANKLIN COUNTY. of the land to William Pry, who furnished the purchase money, would seem to support this theory of the case, but the supreme court thought otherwise. Be that as it may, this case fully illus- trates the danger of erasing portions of instruments after being executed, and before being recorded, whether with or without fraudulent intent. Perhaps the most remarkable case that was ever tried in Franklin County, and one wherein an innocent man became in danger, upon circumstantial evidence, of having to suffer the penalty for the crime of murder, was that of The People vs. David Williams. The facts of the case are as follows: The defendant, David Williams, and one — -McMahan were accustomed to associate together as " hail fellows well met," just before and at the close of the late civil war, and together they departed from the county, and after being absent for some time, returned, both with a considerable amount of money. It was sup230sed that they had, somewhere, enlisted in the army for large bounties, or per- haps had enlisted as substitutes for drafted men, from whom they received large sums of money, and then deserted, or "jumped the bounties " as the offense was then called. Soon after return- ing to the county McMahan became suddenly missing, and no one seemed to know any thing as to his whereabouts. But the last that was seen of him before his disappearance, he was in com- pany with the said David Williams, which fact caused suspicion to rest upon the latter. Afterward, about the first of the year 1866, the remains of a human body were found about two miles southeast of Benton, on a top of a fallen tree, and were supposed to be the remains of McMahan. A coroner's inquest was held, and upon the verdict of the jury Williams was arrested and placed in jail to await trial. Soon thereafter he was taken out on a writ of habeas corpus and tried before Andrew J. Duff, then judge of the circuit court. He was prosecuted by Hon. T. J. Layman, and defended by Hon. F. M. Youngblood and Hon. Flannagan. The HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 389 evidence was that the last seen of McMahan was in company with Williams, that he had several hundred dollars in his pos- session, and a pocket knife found with the remains was identified by witnesses as one belonging to McMahan, and the hair of the murdered man was red, and so was McMahan's, and certain teeth of the murdered man were removed, corresponding with the lost teeth of McMahan. There were also other circumstances proven, in corroboration of the foregoing. The people, through their attorney, Mr. Layman, were making a strong case on circumstan- tial evidence against the prisoner, which the people, including defendant's attorneys, thought amply sufficient to warrant the judge in remanding him back to jail, and sufficient also to secure his conviction on final trial. On the second day of the trial, when the evidence was nearly closed, and the guilt of the prisoner fully established in the minds of those who heard the evidence, the closing scene of the tragedy was enacted. Just at this critical moment the supposed murdered man, McMahan, deliberately, and to the great astonishment of all, walked into the courtroom. He was immediately indentified by a number of his former acquaint- ances, and also by the witnesses on whose testimony the case was being made against the prisoner. This, of course, put an end to all further proceedings against the prisoner, and he was set free. By way of explanation, it is proper to state that some person who knew the parties, and who knew of the prosecution of Will- iams, happened to be at the depot at Tamaroa, on the Illinois Central Railroad, and espied McMahan among the passengers on a train, and prevailed on him to get off and come at once to Ben- ton, to save the man that was being prosecuted for his murder. It was not publicly known who the murdered man was, biit from cer- tain incidents which came to light, he was supposed to have been a gambler, who had been killed by another gambler, in an old house on the south side of the street leading west from the public square, 390 FRANKLIN COUNTY. in Benton. This house being unoccupied at the time was a place of resort for gamblers. It was supposed that some strangers of that profession, had congregated there, and quarreled and killed one of their number, and carried him out and concealed him as before mentioned. The historical committee who prepared the centennial speech hereinbefore referred to, relates an amusing case as follows: "Justices of the peace in early days had rather an indefinite idea of the extent of their jurisdiction, but tried all cases upon their merits, and meted to the culprits such punishments as were pointed out by the statute. As an illustration of the speedy manner in which crime was punished, a good story is told by some of our old citizens, to the effect that a certain person was brought before a justice of the peace, living in the northern part of the county, charged with hog stealing. A jury was regularly impaneled to do justice to the accused, as well as the people of the State of Illinois, and who, after hearing the evidence, concluded the fellow was guilty, and returned their verdict accordingly, fixing his time in the penitentiary at one year, upon which ver- dict the justice of the peace rendered judgment, and sentenced the accused to the penitentiary for the term of one year. As soon as the constable heard the conclusion of the sentence, he proceeded to rig up a sled, upon which the prisoner was conveyed to Frank- fort, then the county seat, a distance of about twenty miles, on the way to the State's prison. Upon his arrival at Frankfort, the constable was convinced that the proceedings were irregular, and he turned his prisoner loose. " BENCH AND BAR. Among the first legal practitioners of the county was Hon. "Walter B. Scates. He was one of the early circuit court judges of this, then the third, judicial district, and served as such for a series of years. On the 15th of February, 1831, he was HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 391 elected as one of the judges o£ the supreme court of the State^ and served as such until January 11, 1847, when he resigned. In 1853 he was again elected by the people to fill the vacancy on the supreme bench, occasioned by the resignation of Judge Lyman Trumbull. He afterward practised law in Chicago, where he died. He was one of the compilers and authors of the Statutes of Illinois, by Scates, Treat and Blackwell. Judge William A. Denning began the practice of law at Frankfort, the old county seat, about the year 1830, and moved to Benton soon after the seat of justice was moved thereto, and soon thereafter he was elected to the ofiice of prosecuting attor- ney, and was subsequently elected judge of the circuit court, and was also elected by the General Assembly as judge of the supreme court, in the place of Walter B. Scates, resigned, his commission dating January 19, 18-17. Meanwhile he presided over the Benton Circuit Court from 1817 to 1854. After com- pleting his term on the supreme bench he returned home to> Benton, and resumed his practice, which he continued until his death, which occurred August 14, 1856. He was large in stature, and had a fine personal appearance, and was an able judge and powerful advocate. Hon. Richard Nelson was a native of the Isle of Man, and when a young man he came to the house of S. M. Hubbard, who was then the clerk of the circuit court at Frankfort, riding on a poor old horse which theHubbards appropriately named " bones." He at once began the practice of law, and resided with Mr. Hub- bard for several years, during which time he rendered him some assistance in his office. He soon rose to eminence and became, it is said, the best chancery lawyer in southern Illinois, and when in his prime he had the credit of being the best judge of law in the county. He was tall, spare and commanding in appear- ance, and had an extensive practice extending through many coun,- 392 FRANKLIN COUNTY. ties in this part of the State. He afterward left the county, and died at Metropolis. Hon, William K. Parrish, son of Eev. Braxton Parrish who was one of the pioneer Methodist ministers, was born and reared in Franklin County, and began the practice of law, at Benton, about the year 1845. Though very young he soon developed so much ability, and became so proficient in his profession, that he succeeded Hon. William A. Denning as judge of the circuit court, and served in that capacity from 1854 to 1859. He was an able jurist, and was highly esteemed by all who knew him. He died April 22, 1861, aged only thirty-seven years, and his remains lie in the cemetery at Benton. Hon. Andrew D. Duff, who was the first county judge of Franklin County under the constitution of 1848, began the prac- tice of law in Benton, and subsequently became a profound law- yer and careful judge, and served on the bench of the circuit <;ourt from 18()1 to 1875 — fourteen years. He was a close student, and one of the few who developed all the talents that nature gave him. He is still living, at a very advanced age, and resides in Arizona. Hon. John A. Logan, the lawyer, soldier and statesman, was born February 9, 1826, at Murphysboro, Jackson Co. 111., when the State was in its infancy. He served in the Mexican war as a lieutenant of Company H, First Kegiment Illinois Volunteers. In 1849 he was elected to the office of county clerk of Jackson County, but soon resigned that position to enter the law depart- ment of the Louisville University, where in due time he gradu- ated with honor, and returned to Murphysboro, and began the practice of law in partnership with his uncle, Hon. Alex. M. Jenkins. In 1852 he was elected to represent Franklin and Jack- son Counties in the Illinois Legislature, for a period of two years, after which he was elected prosecuting attorney for the Third Judicial District, and performed the duties of that office HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 393 from 1854 to 1857, during which time he resided at Benton and was a member of the Benton bar. The purpose of this sketch is mainly to speak of him as a citizen of this county, and a mem- ber of its bar. His history is too well known to need further mention here. He became eminent as a lawyer, able, brave, and heroic as a volunteer general of the army, and pre-eminently use- ful and brilliant as a statesman. He died at his residence, in the city of WashingtoUi on Sunday afternoon, December 26, 1886. Monroe C. Crawford was an excellent jury lawyer, and a man of good ability and of fine personal appearance, and was very pop- ular. He practiced for a series of years in Benton, and held the office of judge .of the circuit from 1875 to 1878. He is now the county judge of Union County. Edward V. Pierce practiced law in Benton from about the year 1853 to 1864, and developed such ability that for a portion of this time he stood at the head of the bar. He now resides at Du Quoin. Hugh Montgomery, Samuel K. Casey and others were, at different times, able representatives of the Benton bar. The following is a list of the names of the members of this bar at the present writing (March, 1887), with the dates of their beginning the practice, to wit: F. M. Young- blood, 1862; T. J. Layman, 1864; C. C. Payne, 1869; C. H. Lay- man, 1870; D. M. Browning, 1866; T. M. Mooneyham, 1866; W. H. Williams, 1867; E. H. Flannigan, 1871; W. S. Cantrell and W. J. N. Moyers, 1873; J. S. Smith and J. A. Treece, 1880; G. C. Boss, 1881; Isaac E. Spillman, 1883; A. C. Terhune, 1884; Aaron Neal, 1867. The bar of Franklin County has always been and is still distinguished for its ability. Of this list of attorneys the older ones in practice have become able and efficient, while the younger ones are making rapid advancements in the profes- sion. Hon. F. M. Youngblood has the reputation of being one of the best orators and best criminal lawyers in southern Illinois. 394 FRANKLIN COUNTY. THE BLACK HAWK WAR.- The county of Franklin has not been behind her sister coun- ties in helping to fight the battles of our common country. Among the early settlers were a few survivors of the war of the Eevolution, and also of the war of 1812-15. But the first mili- tary bodies, organized within the county for actual service, were those formed in 1832, for the purpose of participating in the war with the Indians, known as the Black Hawk war, which resulted in the defeat of the Indians, and their removal, by treaty, to lands beyond the Mississippi River. There were three companies raised and organized in this county (then including the territory of Williamson County) on that occasion, all of which joined the Second Illinois Regiment, and were mustered into the service of the United States for ninety days under the call of the governor of the State, made on the 15th of May, 1832. The members of these companies all being early settlers of the county, their names are hereby given in full. The first company consisted of captain, George P. Boyer; lieutenants, Jacob Phillips and Thomas P. Moore; sergeants, Thomas Adams, Jacob Clark and Edward Franklin; corporals, William Fleming, William Akins and Augustus Adams; bugler, William Whittington; privates, Benj. Adams, Thomas Bevers, James Bowling, Benj. Bowling, Heiu-y Bowyer, John Berry, Jacob Bailey, James Browning, William Clampet, Evan Cleveland, John Clark, Jesse Cleveland, Eeuben Clark, John P. Due, Vachel Dillingham, Absalom Estes, James Farris, Joseph Gifford, Thomas Hail, Moses Jordan, Elijah Jor- dan, James Jordan, Nathaniel Morgan, Aaron Neal, James Plas- ters, Abraham Eedburn, Garrett Robertson, A. W. Richardson, John Scribner, James and Noah Summers, James Schoolcraft, John Slater, Benj. and James Whittington, Benj. Williams, Wm. Ward and Joseph Western. The second company consisted of captain, William J. Stephen- son; lieutenant, TramelEwing; sergeants, John P. Maddox, Ander- HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 395 son p. Corder, Henry Hays and John T. Knox ; corporals, Thomas Province and Michael Eawlins; musician, Walter B. Scates;* privates, John Robbitt, Josiah B. Denning, Elisha Eubanks, Anderson P. Farris, Hez. and Robert Garrett, William Gass- away, Benj. F. Hickman, John Hays, William A. Hubbard, Lewis Hillen, Nat. Jones, Thomas Knox, Larkin Lynch, William P. Maddox, Andrew Miller, Moses Neal, Benj. W. Pope, Henry Rotramel, Andrew Robertson, Ezekiel Rawlings, Wilson Rea, Harvey Swafford, H. M. Silkwood and Benj. Talbot. The third company consisted of captain, Obediah West ; lieu- tenants, Robert West and Hugh Parks; sergeants, Wilie Scott and William Henry; corporal, Moses Odum; privates, James Browning, Pleasant Bradley, Wash. Beasley, Edward Franklin, Isaac Groves, Jabez Hooker, Augustus Henry, Giles Joiner, Henry Layman, Junior Meriditch, William Murphy, Albert Prov- ince, Thomas Pully, Samuel Parks, Richard Price, Andrew Price, William Rich, William Ran, Seth Roper, David H. Springs, Robert Worthen, John Ward, Dickson Ward, Robert Watson, Isaac Youngblood and Zach. George. These companies, after having served until hostilities ceased, were mustered out of serv- ice at Dixon Ferry, August 7, 1832, by Capt. Z. C. Palmer of the Sixth United States Infantry, upon the order of Maj.-Gen. Scott, commanding the Northwestern army. These pioneer soldiers have nearly all completed the battle of life, and gone to rest — the only ones now living, being Edward Franklin, Jesse Cleve- land, James Summers and Benj. Whittington of Capt. Boyer's company, and John T. Knox and Elisha Eubanks of Capt. Stephenson's company, THE WAR WITH MEXICO. The next war in which the citizens of Franklin County par- ticipated was that between the United States and Mexico, when Company K, of the Sixth Regiment of Illinois Volunteers, was ♦Afterward judge of supreme court. 396 FRANKLIN COUNTY. raised at Benton, and mustered into the service with its regiment at Alton. 111. This regiment was organized at Alton by Col. James Collins, its commander, in the month of August, 1847, and was mustered into service for the term of " during the war with Mexico," and was mustered out at the same place in July, 1848, after the close of said war. The commissioned officers of company K, were Capt. John Ewing, who died at Tampico, Mexico, October 3, 1847; James R. Pierce, who was elected captain, October 7, 1847, and died March 28, 1848, at Puebla; Thomas J. Mooneyham, who was elected captain from first lieutenant, in April, 1848 ; Daniel Mooneyham, who was elected first lieutenant April 4, 1848; Second Lieut. Will- iam P. Maddox, who died in Puebla March 28, 1848 ; and Will- iam Bates and John H. Mulkey, who were elected second lieutenants, April 4, 1848. The regiment of which this com- pany formed a part saw no actual service, except that of camp and garrison duties — the war was virtually over when it reached the field — its loss, however, by death from disease during its stay in Mexico, was very heavy. Company K at its organization had 102 men including the officers ; thirteen of these were discharged in Mexico during the year, on account of disability caused by disease, and thirty-eight of them died there, thus leaving fifty- one — just one-half of their original number who returned home and were mustered out with the regiment. And of these the only ones that are known to be living at the present writing are : lieutenants, Daniel Mooneyham and John H. Mulkey ; sergeant, James S. Rotramel; musician, Elijah Rotramel; privates James Burkett, Andrew P. and Gassaway Elkins, A. R. Hamilton, Oliver C. Martin, Moses I. Maddox, William Pitchford and Ben- jamin H. Williams. THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. At the approach of the late civil war, it might have been sup- posed, from the fact that the citizens of Franklin County were HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 397 mostly emigrants, or the descendants of emigrants from the Southern States, that they would naturally sympathize with the Southern cause, but the great number that enlisted to suppress the Eaballion proves tha contrary to have been trae. In the spring of 1861, when the music of the country was the shrill sound of the fife and the beat of the drum, and the " doo-s of war " were let loose, the excitement here, as well as elsewhere, ran high, and when the muster rolls were opened, men were eager to enlist and join the army for the preservation of the Union. In May. 1861, the first company of soldiers, containing eighty-nine men, was organized at Benton, and on the 28th of that month it was mustered into the United States Army as Company C, of the Eighteenth Illinois Infantry, of which Michael K. Lawler, of Gallatin County, was the first colonel. The commissioned officers at date of muster were Capt. William S. Crawford and Lieuts. William J. Dillon and Andrew J. Ice. Capt. Crawford resio-ned October 20, 1861, and was succeeded in his office by First Lieut. William J. Dillon. The latter was killed while bravely command- ing his men in the battle of Shiloh, and Lieut. A. J. Ice was then promoted to the captaincy, and Sergt. John D. Denning to the office of second lieutentant. In addition to the foregoing company, forty-two Franklin County men enlisted, and were mustered into other companies of this regiment.* Another company, containing twenty-three men from Franklin County, and the balance from adjoining counties, was organized in Benton, in August, 1861, and mustered into the service on the 18th of September following, as Company I, of the Thirty- first Illinois Infantry, of which John A. Logan was the first colonel. The first commissioned officers of this company were Capt. Edwin S. Cook of Pekin, First Lieut. John Mooneyham of Benton, and Second Lieut. Robert A. Bowman of Pekin. Lieut. Mooneyham resigned March 18, 1862. Carroll Moore of ♦Regimental histories compiled from adjutant-general's report. 398 FRANKLIN COUNTY. Benton was made first sergeant at the organization of the com- pany, and by subsequent promotions became captain thereof. There were sixteen recruits who subsequently joined this com- pany from Franklin County, thus making thirty-nine in all who served in the company from this county. A company of cavalry was organized at Benton, in August, 1861, and temporarily attached to the Thirty-first Infantry, but subsequently mustered into the service as Company C, of the Fifteenth Illinois Cavalry. The company contained at its organ- ization ninety-one Franklin County men and a few from adjoining counties. Its first commissioned officers were Capt. John J. Dol- lins, and Lieuts. Montreville Fitts and Oliver C. Martin. Capt. Dollins, in August, 1862, became the first colonel of the Eighty- first Illinois Infantry, and was killed at Fort Pemberton, Vicksburg, May 22, 1863. Lieut. Fitts became captain of Com- pany C, vice Dollins, promoted. Thirty-three recruits were after- ward added to this company from Franklin County, thus making in all 121 men. There were also four Franklin County men in Company E of this regiment. Another company of cavalry was organized at Benton in September, 1862, with seventy -two Franklin County men, and on the 15th of January, 1863, it was mustered into service as Company F, of the Fifteenth Illinois Cavalry. The company afterward received two recruits from Franklin County. The first commissioned officers of the com- pany were Capt. Joseph Adams, and Lieuts. George T. Hubbard and George W. Stewart, all of Benton. The companies that composed the Fifteenth Cavalry Eegi- ment were independent companies, attached to infantry regiments and acted as such. The regiments moved with the army from Cairo in the spring of 1862, up the Tennessee River to Fort Henry, where it disembarked, and was moving to the rear, when the fort was evacuated by the enemy, of which they took possession but re- mained there only a few days. It then moved under command of HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 399 Gen. Grant to Fort Donelson, and afterward moved with the fleet up the Tennessee Eiver to Pittsburgh Landing, and participated in the battle of Shiloh, April 6 and 7, 1862. It then moved with the army to Corinth, Miss., which was evacuated by the enemy on the night of May 29, 1862. Subsequently it moved to Jackson, Tenn., where it was organized into Stewart's battalion, commanded by Col. Cornine. In the month of November it returned to Cor- inth, Miss., and in the spring of 1863 it was organized into the Fifteenth Regiment. George A. Bacon was commissioned colonel, and F. T. Gilbert, lieutenant-colonel. The regiment was in the command of Gen. G. M. Dodge, and scouted through the States of Mississippi, Alabama, Kentucky and Tennessee, until October, 1863, when it went to Memphis, and from thence to Helena, Ark, where it arrived about the month of November, and then under command of Gen. Buford of Illinois it did post duty, and long and severe scouting through Arkansas and Mississippi. On the 10th of August, 1861:, it was ordered to Springfield, 111., where it was mustered out on the 25th of August, 1864 The recruits, whose term of service had not expired, were consolidated with the Tenth Illinois Cavalry, and finally mustered out at San Antonio, Texas. Company A, of the Fortieth Illinois Infantry, was raised in Franklin and Hamilton Counties in July, 1861, and mustered into the service on the 10th of the following month. It contained only ten men from Franklin County. Company F of this regi- ment was raised in the eastern part of Franklin County in August, 1861, and mustered into the service on the lOtli of that month. At the organization it contained fifty-two men of Franklin County, and subsequently received thirty-two recruits therefrom. The first commissioned officers of this company were Capt. Tilman Shirley, and Lieuts. Wm. T. Ingram, and Joseph Ing. Com- pany K, of the Forty-ninth Illinois Infantry, which was organ- ized in Jefferson County in October, 1861, contained nine men 400 FRANKLIN COUNTY. from Franklin County. (For sketch of the Fortieth Illinois, see Hamilton County.) Company I, of the Fifty-sixth, Illinois Infantry, was organized in December, 1861, with forty-four men from Franklin, and the balance from other counties. It was mustered into the service on the 27th of February, 1862. The first commissioned officers of the company were Capt. Wm. B. Dillon, and Lieuts. James M. Akens and Erastus M. Gates. Company E, of the same regiment, also had eight enlisted men from Franklin County. (See Saline County.) Company F, Sixty-third Illinois Infantry, raised in Franklin and adjoining counties in February, March and April, 1862, was mustered into the service on the 10th of the latter month. It contained thirty-two men from Franklin County. The first captain of this company was Joseph F. Lemen of Belleville, who was afterward promoted to the office of major, when Lieut. AVilliamson M. Davis of Mulkeytown became captain. The Sixty - third Illinois Infantry was organized at Camp Dubois, Anna, 111., and mustered into the United States service April 10, 1862, with Francis Moro as colonel thereof. This regiment served in the States up and down the Mississippi Kiver, thence moved to Chattanooga, and participated in the battle of Missionary Ridge ; then returned to northern Alabama, and went into winter quar- ters at Huntsville, where on January 1, 1864, 272 men re-en- listed as veterans. In May following the regiment moved to Kingston, Ga., and guarded the railroad until November 11, when it was ordered to join Gen. Sherman, which it did, and with Sherman's army it marched from "Atlanta to the sea;" thence through the Carolinas to Richmond and Washington, and marched in the grand review at the latter city; thence to Louisville, where it was mustered out July 13, 1865. It traveled by rail 2,208 miles, by water 1,995 miles and marched 2,250 miles, making the total distance traveled 6,453 miles. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 401 Company B, Eighty-uiutli, Illinois Infantry, was organized at Frankfort in August, 18G2, and contained eighty-six men from Franklin County, and afterward received four recruits therefi'om, making ninety in all. The first commissioned officers were Capt. Travis O. Spencer, and Lieuts. Henry W. Smith and Horace W. Adams, all of Franklin County. This regiment was organized by the railroad companies of Illinois, at Chicago, in August, 1862, and was afterward assigned to the Sixth Brigade, Second Division, McCook's corps of BuelFs Army. The follow- ing is a list of battles in which the regiment was engaged during its term of service: Lawrenceburg and Perry ville, Ky., Murfrees- boro or Stone River, Liberty Gap, Chickamauga, Orchard Knob, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Eidge, Rocky Face, Resaca, Pick- ett's Mill, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, invest- ment of Atlanta, Jonesboro, Lovejoy's Station, Spring Hill, Frank- lin and Nashville. The regiment was mustered out of the United States service on the 10th of June 1865, near Nashville, Tenn., and was discharged at Camp Douglas, Chicago, on the 24th of June, 1865. It did excellent service, and sustained heavy losses in several engagements. Companies A, F and I, of the One Hundred and Tenth Illinois Infantry, were raised and organized at Benton in August, 1862, and Company K of the same regiment was raised at the same time from Franklin and adjoining coun- ties. A contained 89, F 81, I 85 and K 25 men, all from Franklin County, thus making 280 men which the county furnished for that regiment. Daniel Mooneyham of Benton was commissioned and served as major of the regiment. The first commissioned officers of Company A were Capt. Marion D. Hoge and Lieuts. Green M. Cantrell and William B. Denning; the first commissioned officers of Company F were Capt. Grayson De Witt and Lieuts. Carrol Payne and Jesse G. Payne ; the first commissioned officers of Company I were Capt. William L. 402 FRANKLIN COUNTY. Britton and Lieuts. William S. Bales and William W. McAmie, and the first commissioned officers of Company K were, Capt. Mark Harper, of Hamilton County, and Lieuts. James S.Wycougli and John T. Barnett, of Franklin County. Tlie One Hundred and Tenth Regiment of Illinois Infantry was organized at Anna, 111., by Col. Thomas S. Casey, and mustered into the United States service September 11, 1862, by Capt. Washington, of the Sixteenth United States Infantry. On the 23d of said month it was ordered to Louisville, where it was assigned to the Nineteenth Brigade, Fourth Division, Army of the Ohio. On the 27th of the same month, it left Louisville with its command in pursuit of Bragg' s army, and first encountered the enemy in a skirmish at Danville, Ky., and successfully routed him. On the 15th and 10th of October it was again engaged in a skirmish with the rear guard of Bragg' s army. It afterward moved with the army of Rosecrans to Nashville, where it encamped Novem- ber 7, 1862. On the 26th of December, it moved with the army toward Murfreesboro, and first encountered the enemy at Lavergne, and drove him back toward the former place. It participated in the battle of Murfreesboro exactly where the mon- ument to its (Hazen's) brigade now stands, and was highly com- plimented for its gallant services. In May, 1863, the regiment, being much reduced because of losses sustained in battle and otherwise, was consolidated into a battalion of four companies, and afterward it participated in the battles of Chickamauga, Missionary Eidge and the various engagements of the Atlanta campaign. It marched with Sherman from "Atlanta to the sea;" thence through the Carolinas, and thence to Washington, where it participated in the grand review, and where, on the 5th of June, 1865, it was mustered out of service. From there it moved by rail to Chicago, where, on the 15th of June, it received final payment and discharge. Company A, One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Illinois Infan- HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 403 try, was raised in Franklin and Williamson Counties, in Septem- ber, 1862, and contained fifty men from Franklin County. Its first commissioned ofiicers were Capt. William J. Moyers and Lieuts. Alex. McKoyall and Martin V. B. Deal, all of Franklin County. (For history of this regiment, see index of Williamson County. ) Company K, of the Thirteenth Illinois (consolidated) Cav- alry, contained forty-two men from Franklin County, and was mustered into the service February 12, 1864. The captain of this company was Henry W. Smith, of Benton, and the first lieutenant was John Scarborough, of Ewing. Company A, of the One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Illinois Infantry, was raised in Franklin and Perry Counties in May, 1864. George T. Hubbard, of Benton, was the first lieutenant of this com- pany, and Wm. T. Ingram, of Franklin County, was lieutenant- colonel of the regiment. The company contained thirty- eight men from this county. This regiment rendezvoused at Centralia, 111., and was mustered into the service for 100 days, June 1, 1864, with Frederick A. Johns as colonel thereof. It then moved to Columbus, Ky., where it remained doing garrison duty until September, and then marched to some other points, and returned again to Colum- bus; thence it moved to Cairo, and thence by rail to St. Louis, where the several companies were sent to man the forts around that city, and remained iu charge of the same until October 15. The regiment was then sent to Camp Butler, where on the 22d of the same month it was mustered out of the service. In October, 1864, a new company A was raised for the Twentieth Illinois Infantry, and sixteen men from Franklin County en- listed therein. The lieutenants of this new company, Kalph W. Marshall and Henry Van Dorn, were both from this county. Company H, of the One Hundred and Fifty-third Illinois Infantry, which was mustered into the service in February, 1865, 404 FRANKLIN COUNTY. and mustered out in September following, contained eleven men from Franklin County. Company K, Seventy-first Illinois Infantry, was organized in July,1862,in Franklin and adjoining counties. It contained twenty- four men from Franklin County. The commissioned officers were Capt. James Creed, of Benton, and lieutenants Flavins J. Car- penter and Absalom A. Lasater, of McLsansboro. Tiie regiment was mustered into the service for three months only, and Com- pany K served nearly all its time, guarding Big Muddy Bridge on the Illinois Central Railroad. It was mustered out October 29, 1862. The following recapitulation of the foregoing chapter, which has been carefully compiled from the report of the adjutant-general of the State of Illinois gives the company and regiment, date of organization and the number of soldiers furnished in each, by the county of Franklin, for the United States Army during the civil war. Company C, Eighteenth Illinois Infantry, organized in May, 1861, 89, recruits 42 ; Company I, Thirty-first Illinois Infantry, organized in August, 1861, 23, recruits 16; Company C, Fifteenth Illinois Cavalry, organized in August, 1861, 91, recruits 33; Company E, Fifteenth Illinois Cavalry, 4; Company F, Fifteenth Illinois Cavalry, organized in September, 1862, 72, reci'uits 2; Company A,Fortieth Illinois Infantry, organized in July, 1861, 10; Company F, Fortieth Illinois Infantry, organized in August, 1861, 52, recruits 32; Company K, Forty-ninth Illinois Infantry, organ- ized in October, 1861, 9; Company I, Fifty-sixth Illinois Infantry, organized in December, 1861, 44; Company E, Fifty-sixth Ill- inois Infantry, organized in December, 1861, 8; Company F, Sixty-third Illinois Infantry, organized in February, 1862, 32; Company B, Eightv-ninth Illinois Infantry, organized in August, 1862, 86, recruits 4; Company A, One Hundred and Tenth Illinois Infantry, organized in August, 1862, 89; Company F, HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 405 One Hundred and Tenth Illinois Infantry, organized in August, 1862, 81; Company I, One Hundred and Tenth Illinois Infantry, organized in August, 1862, 85; Company K, One Hundred and Tenth Illinois Infantry, organized in August, 1862, 25 ; Company A, One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Illinois Infantry, organized in September, 1862, 50; Company K, Thirteenth Illinois Cavalry, organized in February, 1864, 42; Company A, One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Illinois Infantry, organized in May, 1864, 38; Com- pany H, One Hundred and Fifty-third Illinois Infantry, organ- ized in February, 1865, 11; Company A, Twentieth Illinois Infantry, organized in October, 1864, 16; Company K, Seventy- first Illinois Infantry, organized in July, 1862, 24 — total, 1,110. Although Franklin County as a whole manifested great loy- alty to the Union, as shown by the foregoing, a portion of her citizens, at the outbreak of the war, were in deep sympathy with the Southern cause, and a few of them actually went south and joined the Southern Army. BENTON. The origin of the town of Benton, which was established in 1839, and the particulars pertaining thereto, has been given in the history of the location of the county seat. The original town has since been enlarged by the following additions: Akiu's addition, adjoining the original plat, on the north side of "West Street,* was surveyed in February, 1852, by Elijah T. Webb, for Walter S. Akin the owner thereof. It contains twenty lots which are now mostly occupied with residences. Denning's addition, lying on the east side of South Street, and both north and south of the railroad, contains sixteen lots each 98x130 feet. It was surveyed in January, 1854, by E. T. Webb for William A. Denning the proprietor thereof. Martin's and Ward's addition, adjoining the old town plat on the north side of East * In locating the additions to the town of Benton the streets leading each way from the center of the public square are designated North, East, South and West. 406 FRANKLIN COUNTY. Street, was surveyed in February, 1860, by Calvin M. Clark, for B. W. Martin and Isaac Ward. It contains thirteen lots of different sizes. Cantrell's addition, consisting of a large residence lot in the eastern part of the town, and on the north side of East Street, was surveyed in 1864 by E. T. Webb. Fountain's addi- tion adjoining the original town plat, and lying on the south side of East Street, contains four large lots one of which is occupied by the Eegular Baptist Church. It was surveyed in April, 1867, by E. T. Webb, for Henry C. Fountain, the owner thereof. Clark's addition contains three large residence lots south of Denning's addition, and east of South Street, and was surveyed in February, 1873, by E. T. Webb for Calvin M. Clark. Southeast addition lying in the southeastern part of the town, between Church Street and Webster Avenue, was surveyed in May, 1877, by W. W. Whittington, for Stephen Burton the proprietor. It contains six lots of irregular size. Fountain's second addition, lying in the eastern part of the town, and between East and Church Streets, was surveyed in June, 1878, by W. W. Whittington, for Henry C. Fountain, It contains four large residence lots. Moore's and Hoblit's addition, lying south of Webster Avenue and east of Denning's addition, was surveyed in September, 1878, by W. W. Whittington for Carroll Moore and G. B. Hoblit. It contains twelve lots, each 75x133 feet, and five lots each 50k70, Turney's addition, the northwest corner of which is the southeast corner of B3nton corporation, was surveyed in October, 1878, by Walter S. Hawks, for Mrs. Elizabeth Turney and her husband. It contains sixty-four lots, for suburban residences outside of the corporation. McFall's addition, containing sixteen lots, lying west of North Street, and adjoining the old town plat, was surveyed in September, 1881, by W. W. Whittington, for W. W. McFall, the original owner thereof. Hoblit's addition, contain- ing ten lots, was surveyed in April, 1883, by Mr. AVhittington, for G. B. Hoblit, the proprietor. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 407 All of these additions are partially, and some of them com- pletely, covered with residences. The business of the town is located mostly on the original town plat. The old cemetery, where the remains of many of the first citizens of Benton are now reposing, lies in the southwest part of the town, and from its appearance it seems to have been abandoned and neglected. The new cemetery contains about nineteen acres, and lies on the west side of South Street, and one- half mile south of the line of Benton corporation. It is owned, controlled and cared for by the officers of Benton Lodge, No. 64, F. and A. M. and Charity Lodge, No. 284, L O. O. F. Going back to the origin of Benton, it is found that at the sale of the town lots, Abraham E,ea, manifested an anxiety to purchase Lot No. 38, it being the one on which the Arlington Hotel now stands. Water was then very scarce, there being no springs on the town site, and the anxiety of Mr. Rea to possess this lot led some to suppose that he had either found water, or knew that it could easily be obtained on the said lot; consequently the bidding for it was sharp, but Mr. Rea seemed determined to have it, and it was finally struck oif to him for the sum of $235, as shown under the head of " Sale of Lots," elsewhere in this work. Here the first improvement in the town, aside from the county buildings, was made by Mr. Rea, who erected thereon a round log house, 14x16 feet square, in which to keep a grocery. And soon thereafter Augustus Adams built a small log house, in which to keep a grocery, on the corner of Lot No. 25, where Hubbard Bros, are now doing business, and at the April term 1842, of the county commissioners' court, it was ordered " that Abraham Rea, be licensed to retail spirituous liquors, and to keep a house of entertainment at the house of Abraham Rea, on Lot 38, in the town of Benton, for the space of twelve months from date." Mr. Rea gave bond in the sum of $100, conditioned to keep an orderly house, and paid $12 in county orders for his 408 FRANKLIN COUNTY. license. What kind of entertainment was to be given in a "round log cabin 14x16 feet square," may be a matter of con- jecture. It may be presumed, however, that it consisted of a lunch accompanied with spirituous liquors to "wash it down." At the same term of said court, license was granted to Augustus Adams " to retail spirituous liquors, and keep a house of enter- tainment at his house in Benton for twelve months from date." He also gave bond, but had to pay $25, in county orders for his license, more than double what Mr. Kea's license cost him. This may be accounted for, when the reader is informed that Mr. Rea was one of the county commissioners composing the court that granted the said licenses. These retailers of "spirits" each became the other's surety on the bonds. These houses of enter- tainment were the first two business houses in the town, but they were of very short duration. In those days it was thought that there was no harm in taking "a little wine for the stomach's sake." The next improvement in the town was a frame house built by J. T. Knox and W. S. Akin, on Lot No. ^'4, where Dr. Hutson's drug store now stands, and soon thereafter the said Knox and Akin and James Rodgers erected buildings extending from the aforesaid house eastward to the alley. These buildings covered the front of Lots 23 and 24, and were called the " "White Row." The first hotel in the town was erected and kept by Wm. R. Browning on the corner of Lot 39, which is west of the public square and north of West Street. And the next hotel was kept by James Rodgers, where the Arlington Hotel now stands, and on the site of the aforesaid house of entertainment, which was formerly kept by Mr, Rea, The prices then charged at these hotels or taverns were 10 cents per meal, and 25 cents for sup- per, lodging and breakfast. Corn bread was mostly used then, and the price of corn was from 50 to 75 cents per barrel of five bushels. About this time, or perhaps later, John Mobley kept HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 409 a hotel where Mason's restaurant is now located on Lot No. 23. The first merchants of the town, aside from those who sold " groceries " and retailed spirituous liquors, were Akin and Knox, Wm. E. Browning, Tilman B. Cantrell and A. D. Wilbanks. The latter came some time during the forties, later than the others, and opened his store in a building on the Arlington House corner, with a stock of goods costing $1,000. This new store, with its new and large stock of goods, as it was then con- sidered, created considerable excitement, it being so much larger than the other stores. The growth of the town was gradual, and during the decade of the fifties, the merchants were Akin and Espey, Wm. H. Fountain, Ralph Elstun, Wm. R. and L. Browning, Jeff Mooneyham, J. T. Cook, John Ward, Daniel Mooneyham and John and Edward Mobley. In 1853, Wm. R. and L. Browning, built a saw mill where the Benton Mills now stand, and the latter mills were built by them in 1855. Soon thereafter they sold the saw mill and it was moved away. The origin of the Franklin Mills was a cotton-gin. These mills have reached their present excellence, by degrees. In connection with the cotton-gin, stones were put in for grinding corn, and afterward buhrs were put in for grinding wheat, and then the cot- ton-gin was abandoned. The building was enlarged from time to time, until it reached its present dimensions, and is now a first-class roller mill. During the decade of the sixties the merchants of Benton were R. Elstun & Son, William R. & L. Browning, Akin & Es- pey, William H. Fountain, Hogue & Cantrell, Mason & Rodman, S. J. Layman and Rea & Morris. Prior to the civil war Ben- ton had attained only about one-third of its present size, and prior to 1869 there was not a brick business house in the town. The St. Clair . In 1833 James Youngblood, while at a stone quarry on the Saline, was shot through the breast by Gideon Alexander wha was on the bluff above him. Alexander then ran to Youngblood, assisted him to his home, took care of him and paid his bills, and claimed that he saw nothing but a white spot through the foliage,. which he mistook for a deer's tail. Youngblood lived a few years and then died from the effects of the wound. "In 1841 Jeremiah Simmons got into a fight with J. G. Spark e in Marion. William Benson, constable, interfered and stopped it. Simmons then commenced on Benson. The latter started home, Simmons ran after him with his knife. Andrew Benson came up at the time, ran up to Simmons and asked him to stop. Simmons looked over his shoulder, saw who it was, and stabbed backward, striking him in the abdomen from which he died.'* Simmons made his escape, but was afterward arrested in Iowa- and brought back to Marion, where he was tried and acquitted. He was defended by Gen. Shields and Gen. McClernand. In 1854 John Moseley and James Burnett quarreled over a dog-fight,. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 473 and the former struck the latter on the head with a club and killed him. Moseley ran away but was captured in Missouri, brought back and tried and sentenced to six years in the peni- tentiary. After serving one year he was pardoned. In 1859 George Ramsey and Jack Ward got into a quarrel about a horse race, which resulted in the shooting and killing of the latter by the former. Ramsey then ran away and has never been appre- hended. The same year John Furgerson, a youth, shot and killed Ellen Reed, with whom he claimed his father was too intimate. He then ran away, and after a few years returned home and died soon thereafter. Also the same year an unknown man was found hanging dead near the Crab Orchard, south of Marion. The facts of this matter never were made public. In 1861 R. T. McHaney, living four miles east of Marion, shot and killed an unknown Irishman who had insulted his wife. He was tried and acquitted on the ground of defending his family. In 1862, Reuben Stocks, a soldier of the Seventy-eighth Illi- nois Infantry, while at his home on the Eight Mile, was called to his door one night, and there shot and killed by unknown parties who have never been discovered. The same year, when the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Illinois Infantry was at Crab Orchard Bridge in Jackson County, Terry Crain and John Bur- bridge quarreled, and the former struck the latter on the head with a stone from the effects of which he died. In August, 1876, Crain was tried and sentenced to fifteen years in the peniten- tiary, but was released after serving two years. Also in the year 1862, William Stacey stabbed and killed Henderson Tippy while they were bathing in the Crab Orchard near Marion. They were boys, and Stacey was tried and acquitted. In December of that year, an unknown party shot and killed James Baker in Bain- bridge Precinct. It was thought this was done because Baker was revealing the whereabouts of deserters from the army. In 1863 James Emerson was killed by an unknown party, in the 474 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. woods near Blairsville, -while bunting his horses. A gang of bad men known as the "Aikin gang," and supposed to have been composed of George Aikin and his son John, Allen and Charley Glide and others, infested the north part of the county in 1863, when and where several murders were committed, and many citi- zens robbed. "Dr. Bandy was taken out and whipped unmerci- fully, and George Cox was attacked in his house and fired on sev- eral times. This band soon got so large that it became unwieldy, and they got to stealing horses. Several of them were arrested, tried and bailed, and left the county. " James Cheneworth, was arrested and put under bail, and then left, forfeiting his bond, and moved to Nashville where he died. The same year, Daniel Robertson was killed in Lake Precinct, by some unknown parties in the disguise of soldiers, at the instance, it is believed, of this man Cheneworth. The same year James Stilly was killed with a hoe, in the hands of Ben Batts, in the field of the latter, where Stilly went and engaged him in a quarrel. Batts then ran away. Also in the same year, William Moulton was killed by un- known parties. Several persons were arrested and tried for this offense, but there being no evidence against them, they were acquitted. One morning in 1864, Samuel Moore was found dead, at the door of a saloon in Jeffersonville. A man by the name of Washum was tried for the offense and found "not guilty, " Dur- ing this year, Vincent Hinchcliff shot and killed James Prickett, a young lawyer of Grassy Precinct, at Blairsville. Prickett was appearing in a case against the administrator of William Hinch- cliff's estate, and he and Vincent got into a fight with the result above mentioned. Hinchcliff was tried and acquitted on the ground of self defense. On the 24th of March of that year, the Parkers and Jordans got into a difl&culty in Marion. Several shots were fired. Richard Parker was shot down by Richard Jor- dan, when William C. Parker, son of Richard, being at a distance, HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 475 ran to the assistance of his father, and shct and killed Jordan. Parker was put under bonds; and not being brought to trial, he remained in the county about two years, and then moved to Colo- rado. No forfeiture of his bond was ever taken. Returning to Franklin County in 1887, with his invalid wife, who died there, he was arrested and brought to trial at Marion, in April of that year, and acquitted on the ground of acting in defense of his father. He was ably prosecuted by Judge George W. Young and his associates, and defended by Judge William J, Allen, Hon. F. M. Youngblood and others. In 1865 Isham Canady was shot and killed in a drug store, on the west side of the public square in Marion, by J. H. Duncan, who was afterward tried and acquit- ted on the ground of self-defense. The same year Christopher Howard, a rebel sympathizer, was killed near Herrin's Prairie by some unknown party. In 1866 W. L. Burton and Samuel Mc- Mahan were both shot and killed, in a general political fight at Sulphur Springs. Dixon B. Ward was tried for the killing and acquitted, there being no evidence against him. In 1867 Horace Sims stabbed John Latta in the thigh while in a fight with him at Sims' Mills, on the Saline. Latta bled to death from the wound, and Sims was tried and acquitted on the ground of self-defense, he being on the under side when the cut- ting was done. During this year John Cheneworth was killed in the woods near his house in Herrin's Prairie, and was not found until several days thereafter. William Chitty and one of his sons were arrested for this murder, but released on account of there being no evidence against them. At the November election in 1868, in Grassy Precinct, AVm. Stanley was killed in a shoot- ing scrape between the Stanleys and Cashes. Isaiah Cash was accused of the crime, but the evidence was not sufficient to con- vict him. The same year a boy by the name of Rogers stabbed Charles McHaney, while in a fight with him, five miles east of Marion. He was acquitted on the ground of self-defense. Ou 476 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. the 1st of December of that year William Barham, a young man said to be afflicted with lunacy, shot and killed Andrew J. Lowe in Marion. Barham was put in jail, from which he escaped in September, 1869. Five years later he was appre- hended in Tennessee, brought back to Marion, tried, found guilty of manslaughter, and sentenced to the penitentiary for one year. In 1860 Samuel Cover shot and killed Philip T. Cor- der in Marion, and was afterward tried and acquitted on the ground of self-defense. The same year George Mandrel, a lunatic in Northern Precinct, slew his father with an ax. In 1870 Thomas P. White, a citizen of Herrin's Prairie, went one day to buy a yoke of oxen two miles from his home, and was seen returning by a neighbor, and has never been seen since. It is supposed that he was assassinated. In 1871 Martin G. Walker, living about seven miles northeast of Marion, was killed on his farm by a ruffian, who beat him on the head with a gun barrel. A neighbor by the name of John Owen was arrested for the crime, tried and sentenced to the peni- tentiary for twenty -five years, but was pardoned before his term expired. His son confessed on his death-bed that he committed the murder for which the father was being punished. The same year Frank Goodall killed Valentine Springhardt in a mill in Marion by striking him on the head with a large wrench. Goodall gave himself up, and was afterward tried and acquitted. In April, 1872, Isaac Vancil, an aged man living on the Big Muddy, was ordered to leave the country or suffer death ; but not obeying the order a band of ten men in the disguise of Kuklux went to his house on the night of the 2'2d, took him about a mile down the river, hung him, and left him hanging, where he was found the next morning. Several men were arrested for this crime and tried in Franklin County on change of venue from Williamson, but none were found guilty. The same year James Myers was shot while hauling wood near his house on the Eight HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 477 Mile. His step-son, Samuel Tyner, was arrested for this offense and admitted to bail, and ran away before the death of Myers, which occurred soon thereafter. Tyner has never been appre- hended. In August, 1872, Eiehard Allison shot and killed Sam- uel Absher in Eock Creek Precinct. Allison ran away and has not been found. The following year Francis M. Wise and William Newton, of Saline, quarreled about a mule trade which they had made, when the former shot and killed the latter, and then made his escape and has never been arrested. " In 1874, Ho^-ace Carter shot and killed William Willeford, in Union Precinct, while attempting to arrest Eiehard Hilliard. Carter was a constable, with a writ, and was shooting at Hilliard, and accidently killed Williford." He was tried and sentenced to one year in the penitentiary. The judge, jury and citizens immediately sent a petition to the Governor, which secured his release aifter one hour's confinement in prison. The same year Dock Burnett and James Gibbs, two joung men, engaged in a fight seven miles south of Marion, and the former stabbed and killed the latter. Burnett then ran away and has never been apprehended. In September of the same year Stewart Culp, a citizen of the county, was shot and killed in his wagon while on his way home from De Soto. His murderer has never been discovered. Also the same year Samnel Keeling shot and killed William Meese in Northern Precinct. He was afterward arrested and tried in Saline County on a change of venue from Williamson, and sentenced to prison for life. The next homicide in the county was that of Capt. James B. Murray i' arion. Murray jiade an attack on Leander Ferrell. Sev- eral snots were fired, one of which was received by Murray caus- ing his death. Ferrell was tried in 1876, and acquitted on the ground of self defense. In the summer of 1876, John Kelley and Samuel Lipsy engaged in a fight at Carterville, and the for- mer stabbed the latter causing his death. Kelley was tried and 478 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. sentenced to six years in the penitentiary. This brings the cata- logue of homicides and crimes down to the existence of what was known as the bloody Vendetta. THE BLOODY VENDETTA, The leading families connected with this affair were those of Capt. George W. Sisney, composed of himself and his sons Win- field S., John and George W., Jr. ; Capt. George Bulliner, composed of himself and sons David, John, Monroe, George J., and Emanuel; the Henderson family, composed of three brothers, William, Joseph W., and James, and some of their sons; also the Grain family, composed of George F., Noah W.,. Warren, Marshall T., and two cousins both named William J. Thomas Eussell, Vincent HinchcliflP and others, hereafter men- tioned, were also noted characters. It seems that the leaders of the two opposing forces in this terrible afPair were the Sisney and Bulliner families. The other characters were the friends and assistants respectively of these families. The first quarrel, how- ever, did not take place directly between these families, but it occurred over a game of cards between the Bulliners and Felix G. Henderson, on the 4th of July, 1868, in a saloon one and a half miles east of Carbondale, resulting in a fight in which Henderson was severely hurt. In September following three ricks of hay belonging to Bulliner were burned, and a few days later his cotton-gin containing many thousand pounds of cotton was also burned. Suspicion naturally rested upon Henderson, but it is generally believed that the real incendiary was a former e^^^v of Bulliner, from Tennessee. In 1872 Samuel Brethers raii» J9i a crop of oats on the farm of Capt. Sisney, adjoining the Bulli- ner farm, and without moving the crop away he sold it, after it was threshed, to Sisney to pay the rent, and also sold it to David Bulliner to pay a debt, and then Avent to Texas. Bulliner replevied the oats from Sisney, but got beat in the trial. This HI8T0RY OF ILLINOIS. 479 was probably the beginning of the ill feeling between the Sis- ney and Bulliners. The following April David Bulliner went to Sisney's black- smith shop to settle with him, but they quarrelled about their accounts and Bulliner accused Sisney of " hard swearing " at the aforesaid trial about the oats, whereupon Sisney knocked him down with a shovel. Bulliner then went home and got his father, John Monroe, and a man by the name of Ward, and with them returned to Sisney's. The latter on seeing them coming retreated from the rear of his house with a Henry rifle in his hand. The Bulliner party fired on him and four shots took effect in his leg and thigh. At this instance Milton Black, who was working in a field near by, ran to the assistance of Sisney, and then the fight ended. The Bulliners and Black then carried Sisney to the house. " They were all indicted in September following, and the four Bulliners and Sisney each fined $100." In 1872, Thomas Bus- sell and John Bulliner were rival suitors of a young lady who finally preferred the attentions of the latter, and thus created enmity between these two parties. The next scene brings in the Grain family, who were friends of the Bulliners. In Novem- ber, 1872, Marshal T. Grain and John Sisney had a fight which resulted in a "drawn battle.'' And in December fol- lowing a quarrel occurred at Carterville, which created enmity between the Hendersons and Grains. The Grains being ene- mies of the Sisneys, the Hendersons now became allies of the Bulliners. In the same month the Garterville riot took place, which brought new characters to the arena. In this affair several knock-downs took place, but no one was killed. About twenty of the rioters were arrested on an information of the State Attorney, and at the February term, 1873, of the county court, they were all in Marion, but the information was squashed, and they all became free. The quarrel between the actors continued, but without serious 480 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. results, until December 12, 1873, when Capt. George BuUiner started to Carbondale on horseback, on which occasion some of his enemies had concealed themselves by the wayside, and as he was riding along fired upon him from their ambush, shot him from his horse, and then made their escape. BuUiner was soon found and carried to the nearest house, his sons were notified, and John reached the place just in time to hear his father say, *'turn me over and let me die.'' On being turned over he imme- diately expired. This was the first murder in the Vendetta. On the night of March 27, 1874, Monroe and David BuUiner were on their way from church, and when about half a mile from home, were fired upon by concealed parties. They returned the fire and several shots were fired by both parties, one of which wounded Mrs. Stancel, who was also on her way from church, and from the effects of which she recovered. The last shot fired by the assassins struck David BuUiner in the back, which caused his death the next morning. Before dying he declared that Thomas Eussell and David Pleasant were his murderers. They were both arrested and brought to Marion for trial. The case against Pleasant was 7iolled, and he immediately left the country. Russell was tried, and for his defense he proved an alibi by five witnesses, and thus secured a release. A letter was sent to the sheriff from the State's attorney of Jackson County, to hold Rus- sell for the murder of George BuUiner, biit the letter was not received until Russeli had been released and taken his depart- ure. Years afterward Russell was arrested, and tried in Jackson County for the murder of BuUiner, and was sentenced to fifty years in the penitentiary. Soon after Russell was released from Marion in March, 1874, a band of persons, led by Vincent Hinchcliff, arrested Gordon Clifford alias "Texas Jack," and after treating him badly, brought him to Marion, and subjected him to a mock trial, and put him in jail, where he lay until October following, when he HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 481 was indicted " for harboring fugitives from justice." He then gave bonds and left the country. On May 15, 1874, James Hen- derson was at work in his field, which was surrounded by a dense forest. There he lay down to rest with little Frank Jeffi-eys, whom he had watching around the field to notify him if any men were approaching. Three assassins, who had evaded the watchful- ness of the boy, were concealed behind a pile of logs, only a few steps from where Henderson and the boy were lying, and from this place of concealment they fired upon and shot him, and then fled. He was carried to his house where he lingered eight days and then died from the eflPects of his wounds. He charged that his murderers were James Norris, John Bulliner and Emanuel or Monroe Bulliner. Soon after his death his widow became a lunatic and died on the following New Year's day. The day after Henderson was shot, Jason Ditmore, who was plowing in his field, about a mile west of the Henderson place, was shot and five wounds inflicted on his person, from the effects of which he recovered, and then left the county. There was no accounting for this shooting, as he was not connected with the Vendetta. John Bulliner and James Norris were arrested August 25, 1874, for the murder of Henderson. In October following Bul- liner was tried, and proved in his defense by four witnesses from Tennessee that he was in that State at the time Henderson was killed, and thus secured his acquittal. Soon after Ditmore was shot, John Rod saw a man fall down in the weeds in a field about one and a half miles northwest of Henderson's, and thinking that the man needed assistance, he started to his relief, and when about ten feet from him, the man rose and shot Rod through the thigh and then fled. On Sunday, October 4, 1874, Vincent Hinchcliff, a physician, was returning from a visit to a patient, and when about 250 yards from his house he and his horse were both shot dead by assassins who were concealed behind the fence and under the 482 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. bushes. Felix G. and Samuel Henderson were arrested and tried for this murder, but proved an alibi and were acquitted.. Suspicion has ever since rested upon Gordon Clifford alias " Texas Jack " and his brother as committing this murder, in retaliation for the ill treatment Gordon received from Hinchcliff as before stated. On the night of December 12, 1874, Capt. Sisney and George Hindman, a young relative, were both wounded by shots fired by assassins through a window where they were sitting in Sisney's House, In October, 1875, Field Henderson was tried for the murder of Hinchcliff. He proved in his defense, by fifteen witnesses, that they saw him near a church twelve miles away at the hour Hinchcliff was killed, and the case against him was then dismissed. On the night of October 23^ 1874, a party of disguised men visited the house of Henry D. Carter, in Northern Precinct, and ordered him to leave the county within forty days, and then fired a number of shots into his house. A few days later another and larger party met at the County Line Church, and ordered six of the Carters to leave the county. Nothing further resulted from this affair. J. D. F. Jennings, the State's attorney during these trouble- some times, seems to have been a bad man, of whom Erwin says. in his history " that he defrauded the county of $900, and then ran away owing everybody. As a prosecutor, he was a regular sarcasm on justice, a great hideous burlesque, free from religious scruples, and ready to sail from any point of the compass," In April, 1875, the office was declared vacant, and in June, J. W. Hartwell was elected to fill the vacancy. On July 28, 1875,. Marshall Crain went to Carbondale, to which place George W. Sisney had previously moved, and about 9:30 o'clock that night shot through the window and killed George W. Sisney in his. own house. On the last day of the same month, the Crain boys and Samuel Music went to the store of William Spence about 10 o'clock at night. Marshall Crain called Spence up,, HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 483 and when asked who was there, he replied: " John Sisney, I want to get shrouding for a child." Spence, who was sleeping over his store, came down and went to the door, where Marshall shot and killed him. The assassins then separated and went home. " At the August special term, 1875, the county commissioners offered a reward of $1,000 for each of the murderers of David Bulliner, James Henderson, Vincent Hinchcliff and "William Spence. On the 9th of August the Governor issued a proclama- tion offering $400 reward for the arrest and conviction of each of the criminals referred to, and also the murderers of George W. Sisney and George Bulliner. On the 22d of August the Jackson County Court offered $400 reward for the murderers of Sisney and Bulliner." Effective measures were now being devised by good citizens, among whom James H. Duncan and Benj. F. Lowe should be mentioned. The latter acted in the capacity of a detective, in which he was very successful. He went to Cairo where he " trapped " Samuel Music and brought him to Marion September 10, and lodged him in jail. Here Music made a confession of the killing of Sisney and Spence, and implicated Wm. J. Crain, "Black Bill" Crain, Noah W. Crain, Samuel R. Crain, Marshall Crain, John Bulliner and Allen Baker. Writs were then issued for the arrest of these parties, and a posse of twenty men and the sheriff went to Crainville, William J. Crain (Big Jep), Noah W. Crain, Samuel R. Crain, " Black Bill " Crain, and John Bulliner were all arrested and brought to Marion, and placed under guard. Lowe then went to Du Quoin, and arrested Allen Baker, and brought him also to Marion the next morning. In a few days the prisoners were all put in jail. Music accused Bulliner, Baker, and Samuel E. Crain, with the miu'der of Sisney in Jackson County, and on the 15th, Sheriff Kimball came over and took them to that county where they were tried; Samuel R. Crain was released for want of evidence, and the others committed to jail. 484 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. A special term of the Williamson County Court was convened^ and the State's attorney was authorized to employ counsel to assist him. Hon. W. J. Allen and Judge A. D. Duff were employed- This produced a revolution in public sentiment. On September 16 the prisoners, except Music, were examined and committed to jail. Mr. Lowe then went to Arkansas, where he found and arrested Marshall Grain, and brought him to Jackson County^ where he was lodged in jail. On the 19th of September the Governor sent the sherifip of Williamson County 100 rifles by express. Two companies of militia were then formed, one at Marion and the other at Carbondale. The ofl&cers of the Marion company were Capt. J. V. Grider and Lieuts. William Hendrick-^ son and W. J. Pully. The officers of the Carbondale company were Capt. J. W. Landrum and Lieuts. William Do well and Wil- shire Bundy. John Bulliner and Allen Baker were tried at the October, term of the Jackson Circuit Court, and sentenced to twenty-five years in the penitentiary. "At the October session of the Williamson Circuit Court,, Music, ' Big Jep,' ' Black Bill,' ' Yaller Bill ' and Marshall were all indicted for the murder of Spence. Music's case was continued; Noah W. Crain, alias 'Yaller Bill,' was admitted to bail on motion; William J. Crain, alias 'Big Jep,' and William J. Crain, alias ' Black Bill,' prayed for a change of venue, and their case was sent to Alexander County. The indictment against ' Yaller Bill ' was nolled at the April term, 187(3, On Tuesday,, October 19, 1875, Marshall T. Crain was arraigned and plead not guilty. He had no attorney, and the court appointed W. W. Clemens to defend him." The prisoner then withdrew his plea of not guilty, over the objections of his attorney, and plead guilty to the crime of murder as charged, and threw himself upon th& mercy of the Court. The Court then fully explained to the pris- oner all his rights, and had the indictment read again, and then^ asked him again if he was guilty, and he again pleaded guilty ; HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 485 whereupon the court ordered the plea of guilty to be entered of record, and the case was continued until Thursday, when it was called, and a number of witnesses examined, and the guilt of the prisoner proved beyond all doubt. Judge Monroe C. Crawford then made some extended remarks concerning his great responsi- bility, and the importance of vindicating the law, and after warn- ing the prisoner to make his peace with God, he said: " The sen- tence of the Court is that the defendant be hanged by the neck until he is dead, within the walls of the prison, in the town of Marion, county of Williamson and State of Illinois, on the 21st day of January, A. D. 1876, between the hours of 10 o'clock in the morning and 2 o'clock in the afternoon of the same day. May God have mercy upon you." Grain was then taken back to jail, where he was strongly guarded by details from the militia. The next day he was taken before the grand jury, where he voluntarily confessed the facts concern- ing himself as related by Music. On the 21st of November, he was baptized according to the rights of the Christian Church. When the day of his execution came, and the people had thronged about the jail, and he had only a few more minutes to live, he stood at a window and addressed the multitude as follows: " Gen- tlemen: I must make a statement in regard to this matter. I feel it my duty to God and man to make it. I am guilty of kill- ing the two men. My punishment is just. I hope all of you will forgive me. I pray God will judge and prosper this country. Good bye to all." A few passages of Scripture were then read by the chaplain, a song was sung, and a prayer was offered to God. The doomed man was then placed upon the scaffold and prepared for the last struggle, and when asked if he had anything more to say, he replied, " I am the murderer of William Spence and George Sisney. That is all I have got to say." The time being up, the rope holding the platform was severed, and Marshall Thomas Grain was launched into eternity. 486 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. On the 25tli of December, 1875, James Norris was arrested at a ball five miles southeast of Marion, and lodged in the Marion jail, and on the 31st of the same mouth " Big Jep" and " Black Bill" were taken to Cairo for trial. The case was called January 28, 1876. The defendants were sentenced to the penitentiary for twenty years. They were prosecuted by Allen and Duff, and defended by Clemens, Calvert and Linegar. At the April term, 1876, of the Williamson Circuit Court, James Norris was tried for the murder of James Henderson, and sentenced to serve eighteen years in the penitentiary. Samuel Music was tried at the same term for being accessory to the murders of Spence and Sisney, and sentenced to serve fourteen years in State's prison. And also at the same time Samuel K. Crain was indicted and arrested as accessory to the murder of Spence, but being ill with consumption his case was continued, and he placed under bonds of $5,000. He died soon thereafter. This ends the narrative concerning the " Bloody Vendetta," but three more homicides have yet to be recorded. On the 11th of May, 1880, John Eus- sell, brother of Thomas, of Vendetta fame, and Henry Stocks, who were close neighbors, had a difficulty over a trifling matter, and met one day on the road about a mile and a half from Carter- ville, when Russell shot and killed Stocks. Russell ran away, but was afterward brought back to Marion, where he was tried and acquitted. Following this affair, Bennett Stotlar was shot and killed at Carterville by Thomas Hudgens, acting marshal thereof. The action of Hudgens in this matter seemed to be so justifiable that he was never indicted. At the April term, 1887, of the Williamson Circuit Court, an indictment was found against David Skidmore and his sister, Hannah Carter, for the shooting and killing of Willie Ford at Creal Springs. The indictment charges that the shooting took place on the 7th of January, 1887, and that Ford died the next day in conse- quence thereof. Skidmore is in jail awaiting trial, and the sister, having a very young child, has not been arrested. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 487 Williamson County has a long record of crimes committed therein, but since the days of the "Vendetta" a general peace has been restored, and at present writing the surviving members of the families connected with tliat affair are all on friendly terms. The spirit of revenge has been subdued, and past offenses forgiven. The people have suffered much on account of the bad men who happened to be among them. Without doubt there was a time when justice was not fairly administered. The pleas of alibi, and self-defense, have no doubt cleared criminals who ought to have been severely punished. This seems evident from the fact that when the State began to prosecute with vigor, through the instrumentality of such attorneys as Hartwell, Allen and Duff, and the people determined to bring criminals to justice, the commission of crime suddenly ceased in a very great meas- ure. It is true three homicides have taken place since that time, but with a few exceptions Williamson County has always been a safe place for those who were not disposed to be quarrelsome. The good people of the county have been slandered and vilified by the papers far and near, on account of their misfortunes. But the dark cloud has passed away, and the light of a brighter day is shining, and a good feeling among the people everywhere pre- vails. Williamson is as safe a county in which to live as any other county in the United States. THE BLACK HAWK WAR. The first war in which any of the citizens of the territory now <)omposing Williamson County, participated, was the Black Hawk war of 1832. And for information pertaining thereto the reader is referred to the history of Franklin County. THE MEXICAN WAR. The next war in which citizens of this county participated was that between the United States and Mexico, when Company B, of 488 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. the First Regiment, Illinois Volunteers was raised in Williamson and adjoining counties. This company contained with the offi- cers eighty-two men. The officers were: Captain, J. M. Cunning- ham ; first lieutenants, Benj. F. Furlong, who resigned March 6, 1848, and was succeeded by First Sergt. Wm. M. Eubanks, who had served as first sergeant from enrollment; second lieutenants, Robert M. Hundley and Daniel B. Pulley; sergeants. Miles A. Dillard, Joseph W. Benson, Larkin M. Riley and Augustus M. Henry; corporals, John G. Boles, George Q. North, Silas M. Calvert and Wm. D. Durham. Seven members of this company were discharged during the service, and eleven died of disease. The company was mustered into the service at Alton, 111., on the 28th of May, 1847, and was mustered out October 11, 1848, at the same place. The regiment was organized in June, 1847, at Alton, with E. W. B. Newby as a colonel thereof, and was mustered into the service for the term of "during the war with Mexico." The war being closed, it was mustered out in October, 1848. THE CIVIL WAR. Prior to and at the election of Abraham Lincoln, to the pres- idency of the United States, the people of Williamson County were intensely Democratic, there being only about 100 Repub- licans in the county in 1860, This was then the home of John A. Logan, who was a stanch Douglas Democrat, and very much opposed to the election of Lincoln. But after the inauguration many of the Democrats, as well as the Republicans, accepted and acted under the advice of Stephen A. Douglas, to sustain and sup- port the new administration. Still there remained such a bitter feeling against the Republican party and its newly installed offi- cers that, upon the approach of war, it grew into an open and outspoken sympathy for the Southern cause ; and when the reader takes into consideration the fact that the people of this county were nearly all emigrants, or the children of emigrants, from. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 489 Southern States, where their near and dear relatives were still residing, he will deem it no great wonder that such were their sympathies. This sympathy for the South increased and inten- sified until the secession of southern Illinois was openly advocated, and finally attempted Soon after the fall of Fort Sumter a number of the " leading spirits " of the secession movement got together and called a public meeting, to pass ordinances of seces- sion. Meanwhile they appointed a committee to draft resol- utions and to report the same to the public meeting. The call was made for the people to assemble at the courthouse in Marion, on Monday, April 15, 1861 " to provide for the public safety." In accordance therewith a large number of persons assembled, and the meeting was called to order, and James D. Manier elected president, G. W. Goddard, James M. Washburn, Henry C. Hopper, John M. Cunningham and Wm. K. Scurlock were ap- pointed a committee to draft resolutions expressive of the feel- ings of the people. This committee reported the resolutions already prepared by the committee first mentioned, and they were passed with only one dissenting vote, that of A. T. Benson. The resolutions were as follows: Resolved, That we, the citizens of Williamson County, firmly believing^ from the distracted condition of our county, the same being brought about by the elevation to power of a strictly sectional party, the coercive policy of which toward the seceded States will drive all the border slave States from the Fed- eral Union, and cause them to join the Southern Confederacy, Renolved, That, in that event, the interests of the citizens of southern Illi- nois imperatively demanus at their hands a division of the State, we hereby pledge ourselves to use all means in our power to effect the same, and attach ourselves to the Southern Confederacy, Resolved, That, in our opinion, it is the duty of the present administration to withdraw all the troops of the Federal Government that may be stationed in Southern forts, and acknowledge the independence of the Southern Confederacy, believing that such a course would be calculated to restore peace and harmony to our distracted country. Resolved, That in view of the fact that it is probable that the present gov- ernor of the State of Illinois will call upon the citizens of the same to take up arms for the purpose of subjugating the people of the South, we hereby enter our protest against such a course, and, as loyal citizens, will refuse, frown down and forever oppose the same. 490 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. The most glaring inconsistency in the action of the persons who composed this meeting was to pass ordinances of secession from their own government, and in the same to declare them- selves "loyal citizens." They must have meant loyalty to the Southern Confederacy. By the next morning the news of the action of this meeting had readied Gen. Prentiss, who was then in command of the Federal troops at Cairo. The citizens of Carbondale, becoming alarmed at the probable results, sent J. M. Campbell to Marion to request the people to revoke the reso- • lutions, and thus avert a war which otherwise would undoubtedly be brought to their own doors. Much excitement prevailed, and a meeting was called instanter to repeal the resolutions. This meeting was not composed of the same persons who were in the meeting of the 15th. Hon. W. J. Allen was called upon to deliver an address, which he did, and advised the repeal of the resolutions. Accordingly the resolutions were repealed, and A. T. Benson was appointed to present a copy of the proceedings of the meeting to Gen. Prentiss. Upon arriving at Cairo Mr. Ben- son found the General reading a copy of the resolutions of seces- sion. He then presented the General with the copy of pro- ceedings of the meeting which repealed the resolutions, whereupon the General replied: " I am glad to see them. The resolutions of secession would have caused your folks trouble, but now I hope all will be right." The parties, however, who attended the first meeting contended that the resolutions of secession were not repealed, and still retained their sympathy for the Southern cause, and called the citizens again to assemble on the 27tli of the same month, which they did, when a meeting was called to order and a motion made to " seize the money in the hands of the sheriff to defray the expenses of arming and equipping soldiers for the Southern Army." But this meeting, unlike the first, had an element in it loyal to the Government, and the motion was lost and the meeting broke up in disorder. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 491 When the war closed, and Geii, Logan returned home and again entered the field of politics, some of his enemies outside of Williamson County reported that he (Logan) was present and participated in the meeting of the 15th of April, 1861, when the secession resolutions were passed, and that he also enlisted men and encouraged others to enlist for the Southern Army. At the time these resolutions were passed Gen. Logan was not in the county, and both of these charges were so utterly false, and have been so thoroughly refuted by Logan's political ene- mies, as well as by his friends, that no extended mention of the matter need be made here, except to insert the following state- ment made by citizens of good reputation, of Marion, William- son County, at that time: Marion, Williamson County, III., October 17, 1866. We, the undersigned, are politically opposed to Mr. Logan. Part of us have been in the Southern Army, in Capt. Thorndike Brook's company, and have returned since the Rebellion. Being acquainted with all the facts in the case, we make the following statement: Having noticed in the newspapers, particularly in the Cairo Democrat, an article charging Gen. Logan with having participated in a meeting held in Marion in April, 1861, for the purpose of taking into consideration the expediency of attaching southern Illinois to the South- ern Confederacy, in the event of said confederacy being formed, and also charg- ing Gen. Logan with having endorsed the resolutions of that meeting, and, fur- ther, that Gen. Logan furnished means and encouragement to persons to leave Illinois and join the Southern Confederacy, etc., we hereby pronounce all of said charges untrue. Gen. Logan not being in Marion at the time, nor having any knowledge of persons leaving here (Marion) at the time for the Southern Army, all statements to the contrary notwithstanding. J. M. Cunningham. W. R. Tinker. R. J. Pullet. G. C. Campbell. Joshua Lowe. George W. Lowe. B. F. Lowe. J. D. Manier, who was president of the meeting of April 15, 1861, D. R. Pulley, William Cook, and others well acquainted with the facts, made written statements similar in substance to the above, refuting the false charges. In the spring of 1861 a company of Federal soldiers was sta- 492 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. tioned at the bridge where the Illinois Central Kailroad crosses the Big Muddy. This increased the anxiety and excitement of the Southern sympathizers, who finally concluded that the bridge should be destroyed to prevent the Government from sending troops and munitions of war to the South. Thorndike Brooks and Harvey Hayes, of Marion, assumed the leadership in this movement. Runners were sent out in May, 1861, to notify the people, a great number of whom assembled armed with shot guns and rifles, and proceeded to a point about five miles from the aforesaid bridge, where they went into camp for the night. Dur- ing this night Campbell's battery from Ottawa passed over the road, and dropped off at the bridge two field pieces and men enough to man them. The soldiers put the guns into position for use. The next morning the army of citizens assembled for the destruction of the bridge, sent out a party to reconnoitre and "take in the situation." This party approached near enough to the bridge to see the brass cannons glistening in the sun, then returned to camp and reported, and then the army of would- be-bridge-destroyers, melted away like a June frost, and by night nothing was to be seen of them; thus ended the attack on the bridge. On the 24th of May, 1801, Brooks and Hayes, disgusted with their former success, resolved to raise a com- pany of soldiers, take it South and join the Rebel Army. They sent men out to recruit, with orders to assemble the next day at the Delaware Crossing of the Saline, a few miles south of Marion. Accordingly by the next evening about thirty-five men assembled at the appointed place. They then started on foot for Dixie Land, receiving a few recruits by the way, and finally arrived at Maytield, Ky., where they joined a Tennessee regiment, and served during the war in Gen. Cheatham's command. Brooks was promoted to the office of lieutenant- colonel. The excitement continued with some uninteresting episodes, HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 493 until John A. Logan, then representing tliis district in Congress, was called to meet that body in the special session commencing July 4, 1861. After returning from Congress, and on the 3d of September, Logan made his first speech in the county to encourage men to enlist and organize a regiment to assist the Government in suppressing the Eebellion. Here in the midst of Southern sympathy, and of intense excitement and danger of personal injury he boldly advocated the cause of the Union, and at once began the work of organizing a regiment. His first effort was crowned with success, as many enlisted immediately after he closed his speech. Political excitement continued to increase, and became so intense toward the latter part of the year, that P. H. Lang, the postmaster of Marion became so alarmed on account of threats of personal injury that he moved the postoffice to Bainbridge, where it was kept a few weeks, and then returned, on promise of protection, to Marion. The first men who enlisted into the Federal Army from this county were those who joined Company K, of the Eighteenth Regiment Illinois Infantry. This company was organized in Jackson County in May, 1861, with Daniel H. Brush as captain thereof. The commissioned officers were all from that county, but the company contained fourteen men from Williamson. Com- pany E, Twenty-ninth Illinois Infantry, was organized in August, 1861, and recruited from Williamson and other counties. At its organization it contained seventeen men from Williamson County, and afterward received twelve recruits therefrom, making twenty- nine in all. For a sketch of the services of the foregoing regi- ments see history of Gallatin County. Company C, Thirty-first Illinois Infantry, was organized at Marion in August, 1861, and with the officers and men it contained 102 members. The com- missioned officers were: Caplain, Wm. A. Looney, who resigned June 3, 1862, and was succeeded by Capt. George W. Goddard, who Avas discharged October 19, 1864, he being succeeded by 494 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. Capt S. C. Mooneyham, who was mustered out with the regi-- ment on July 19, 1865 ; first lieutenant, Daniel R. Pulley, who resigned August 13, 1863, and was succeeded by Fred. B. Merri- man, who was mustered out in April, 1865, being succeeded by Wm. S. Morris, who was mustered out with the regiment; second lieutenant, John H. White, who was promoted to the office of lieutenant-colonel, and was succeeded in the office of lieutenant by James M. Askew. The latter resigned December 18, 1862, and was succeeded by S. C. Mooneyham, who was after- ward promoted captain, and succeeded as lieutenant by Allen H. Wilson, who was not mustered as lieutenant, but was mustered out with his regiment as a sergeant. The company received thirty-one recruits from Williamson County during its term of service. Company E, of the Thirty-first Regiment, was recruited in Williamson and other counties in August, 1861, and contained twenty -nine men from Williamson County, and afterward re- ceived three recruits therefrom. Company F, of the same regi- ment, had seventeen men from this county, and received three recruits therefrom. Company G, of the same regiment, subse- quently received five recruits from this county. Company H, of the same regiment, was organized in September, 1861, and con- tained seventeen men from Williamson County, and afterward received two recruits therefrom. (For a sketch of the services of this regiment see Saline County. ) Company E, Fifty-sixth Illinois Infantry, was raised in Saline and other counties in October and November, 1861, and contained twenty-one men from Williamson County, and subsequently re- ceived one recruit therefrom. Company I of the same regiment also contained twelve Williamson County men. (See Saline County.) Company K, Sixtieth Illinois Infantry, raised in John- son and other counties, in October and November, 1861, con- tained ten men from Williamson County. Company E, Eighty- first Illinois Infantry, was raised in Williamson and Jackson HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 495- counties in August, 1862, and contained thirty-one men from the- former county. The commissioned officers of this company were Capt. Marmaduke F. Smith, of Marion, who resigned February 5, 1863, and was succeeded by Lieut. John P. Reese, of Jones- boro. The latter was succeeded as first lieutenant by Second Lieut. David R. Sanders, of Marion, and he was succeeded as second lieutenant by John Lamar, of Jonesboro. Company G of the same regiment was organized at Fredonia in August, 1862, and contained seventy-one men from Williamson County, and afterward received six recruits therefrom. The first commis- sioned officers of this company were captain, George W. Sisney, and lieutenants, William W. Russell and William L. Farmer. Capt. Sisney resigned August 3, 1863, and was succeeded by Edwin Fozzard. Lieut. Russell resigned February 28, 1863, and was succeeded by Lieut. Farmer, who was killed in battle. May 22, 1863. Henry C. McCulloch was commissioned second lieu- tenant. May 22, 1863, and promoted to first lieutenant, August 8, 1863. Company H of this regiment was raised in August, 1862, and contained eighty-three men from Williamson County, and afterward received ten recruits therefrom. The commissioned officers of this company from Williamson County were: First lieutenant, William A. Stewart, of Marion, who resigned December 5, 1862, and second lieutenant, James V. Price, of Marion, who resigned January 28, 1863. The Eighty-first Illinois Infantry was recruited from Perry, Jackson, Williamson, Union, Pulaski and Alexander Counties, and was mustered into the service at Anna, August 26, 1862, with the following field and staff officers, viz. : James J. Dollins, of Benton, colonel; Franklin Campbell, of Du Quoin, lieutenant- colonel, and Andrew W. Rogers, of Carbondale, major. Soon after its organization, the regiment joined Grant's army, at Hum- boldt, Tenn., where it arrived November 1, 1862, and then moved to Abbey ville, Miss., and then to Memphis, where it arrived Jan- 496 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. uary 19, 1863. It then moved to Lake Providence, where it arrived February 23, 1863, and remained there until April 17 following. On the 21st a call for volunteers was made to run the Vicksburg and Grand Gulf batteries, with seven common trans- ports loaded with supplies for the army. From the Eighty-first Capt. George W. Sisney and Private George W. Winfield of Com- pany G ; Edward Hoxsey, of Company K ; Uriah Butler, William T. Green, Eli J. Lewis and Frank Mayo, all of Company I, were accepted. Capt. Sisney was assigned the command of the trans- port " Horizon," and carried her through safely, but somewhat disabled. One boat, the " Tigress," was sunk befor'e passing the Grand Gulf batteries. The regiment crossed the Mississippi at Bruinsburg, May 1, and went thence to Port Gibson, and par- ticipated in that battle in the division commanded by Gen. Logan ; was in the battle of Raymond, May 12, and helped to capture Jackson, Miss., May 14, and Champion Hill, May 16, and was at Black Eiver bridge on the 17th. It engaged in the siege of Yicksburg, and on the 22d assaulted the enemy's works, losing eleven killed and ninety-six wounded, including Col. J. J. Dollins, killed. October 16 it was in the battle of Brownsville, Miss,, and then returned to Vicksburg, whence it departed March 9, 1864, to participate in the Red River campaign, in which it met with considerable loss, and arrived at the mouth of Red River May 21 on its return to Vicksburg, where it arrived May 24. It was in the battle of Gun town, Miss., June 10, 1864, where it lost nine men killed, eighteen wounded and 126 prisoners, out of a total of 371 men. Of the number captured six were line officers, who were placed under the fire of the Union batteries at Charles- ton, S. C, and the enlisted men confined in the Andersonville prison. In August, 1864, the regiment moved to Duvall's Bluff, where it broke camp September 17, and marched in pursuit of Gen. Price on his last raid into Missouri. It arrived at Warrens- burg, Mo., October 25, and remained there until November 8, and HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 497 then moved via St. Louis to Nashville, Tenn., under Gen. A. J. Smith. It participated in the battle of Nasliville December 15 and 16, 1864, and then went in pursuit of Hood's army to Eastport, Tenn. ; thence to Corinth, Miss. ; thence via New Orleans to Mo- bile; held the advance in the investment of Spanish Fort; opened the fire March 27, 1865, and continued under fire from that date until the close of the siege on the 8th of April, when the works were captured by a charge, the Eighty-first being the second regiment inside the enemy's works, capturing eighty- three prisoners and losing six men killed and fourteen wounded. The regiment then moved to Montgomery, Ala., where it remained until ordered home by way of Meridian and Vicksburg, and ar- rived at Chicago August 5, 1865, where it was mustered out of the service. The total enlisted men mustered into the regiment was 1,144; 54 were killed or died of wounds, 287 died of dis- ease, 274 resigned or were discharged, and 529 were mustered out at Chicago. A splendid regiment with a noble record. Company D, One Hundred and Ninth Illinois Infantry, organ- ized in August, 1862, contained six men, and Company H, of the same regiment, two men from Williamson County. Company C, One Hundred and Tenth Illinois Infantry, was organized at Marion in August, 1862, and contained sixty-four men of this county. The first commissioned officers were Capt. Francis M. Norman, who resigned November 26, 1862; First Lieut. Richard T. McHaney, who resigned December 19, 1862, and Second Lieut. James L. Parks, who was promoted first lieutenant De- cember 19, 1862, and captain November 26, 1863, and died after- ward. George M. Burnett, of Marion, became second lieutenant March 30, 1863. For regimental sketch see Franklin County. Company G, One Hundred and Twentieth Illinois Infantry, was raised in Pope, Johnson and Williamson Counties, in August, 1862, and contained twenty-nine men from this county. The 498 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. only commissioned officer from tliis county was Second Lient. Wm. J. Hall, who was promoted from sergeant June 22, 1862^ and dismissed from the service December 20, 1864 THE ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT. Company A, One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Illinois Infantry was organized in September, 1862, and contained thirty- two men from Williamson County. The first commissioned officers of this company were all from Franklin County. Com- pany B, of the same regiment, contained thirty-six men from Williamson County, and the commissioned officers were all from Jeffersonville. Company C, of the same regiment, contained forty-seven men from Williamson County, and the commissioned officers were: Captain, Jefferson J. Allen; first lieutenant, Hugert H. Harrison, who resigned December 25, 1862; his successor was John A. Ensminger, promoted from second lieutenant. Com- pany D, same regiment, contained seventy-seven men from this county. The commissioned officers were : Captain, John Brown y lieutenants. Seaborn A. Walker and Jaspel' V. Crain. Company E, same regiment, contained seventy-three men from Williamson County. The commissioned officers were: Captain, Joel H. Swindell ; lieutenants Zachariah Hudgins and Addison Reese, all of Marion, Company F, same regiment, contained forty-five men from Williamson County. The commissioned officers were: Captain, Robert M. Allen, of Marion ; first lieutenant, Wadell W. Williams, of Sulphur Springs; second lieutenant, Martin W. Robertson, of Marion. Company G, same regiment, contained sixty-six men from Williamson County, and the commissioned officers were: Captain, Wm. Huffstutler; lieutenants, Jesse A. Mcintosh and Noah E. Norris. Company H, same regiment, contained forty-four men from this county. The commissioned officers of the latter company were : Captain, Aaron A. Bell ; lieu- tenants, Wm. L. Stilley and Joseph B. Fuller, all of Attila. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 499 Company I, same regiment, contained twenty-five men from Williamson County. The commissioned officers were: Captain, Wm. A. Fry, of Marion; lieutenants, Wm. M. Cooper, of Chapin, and Wylie H. Hall, of Keynoldsburg. According to the foregoing Williamson County furnished 445 men for this regiment, which for certain reasons retained its organization only a few months. It originally contained 860 men, and in less than five months, the number was reduced to 161, in consequence of which the war department, by a special order dated Cairo, 111., April 1, 1863, and signed by L. Thomas, adjutant-general, discharged all of the officers of the regiment except First Lieuts. W. A. Lemma and Wm. M. Cooper and Assistant Surg. George W. French, under whom the remaining men of the regiment Avere mostly consolidated with the Ninth Illinois Infantry. The One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Eegi- ment rendezvoused at Marion, and then went to Springfield and organized with Robt. M. Hundley as colonel, and James D. Pul- ley as lieutenant-colonel. Archibald T. Benson was made chaplain. Being promised their uniforms upon reaching Springfield, the men went there very thinly clad. The disloyality of the officers was suspected by the agents of the Government, and the men did not receive their uniforms until about a month after reaching Springfield. Meanwhile they suffered very much on account of the cold weather, and began to desert. The regiment was then moved to Cairo, and kept there over winter with the result above stated. Many of the deserters were arrested and put into the Thirty-first and other regiments where they made good soldiers. Had the regiment been promptly clothed, and sent immediately to the front it would probably have done excellent service, and made a good record. THE MARION GUARDS. This company was organized in October, 1875, with fifty men. The first officers were Capt. James V. Grider and Lieuts. 500 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. Wm. Henclrickson and D. A. Davis, The company was reorgan- ized under the present militia laws of the State in August, 1877, with the same number of men, with Capt. J. V. Grider and Lieuts. Wm. H. Bundy and George W. Bock as the officers thereof. The next set of officers were Capt. Brice Holland and Lieuts. J. E. Little and E. E. Mitchell. The latter resigned after serving about two years and was succeeded by John P. Moore. The present officers are Capt. W. S. AVashburn and Lieuts. W. H. Bentley and Joseph Fozzard. James F. Connell, first lieutenant, and T. J. Helton, second lieutenant, have served as such to fill vacancies. The guards are mustered as Company M, Eighth Kegiment, Second Brigade, Illinois National Guard. They were called in the spring of 1886 to guard property in East St. Louis during the strike of that period. They were there in service fifteen days and had no trouble. They meet at the State Camping Ground (Camp Lincoln) every year in August for the purpose of receiving instruction. Capt. Holland was promoted in July, 1886, to the office of major of the regiment. Capt. Washburn served as quartermaster of the Ninth and Eleventh Regiments for eight years prior to being elected captain of the guards. The following condensed recapitulation shows the number of Williamson County men mustered into the United States service during the late civil war, the same having been carefully com- piled from the official reports: Company K, Eighteenth Eegi- ment, 14 men; Company E, Twenty-ninth Regiment, 29 men; Company C, Thirty-first Regiment, 133 men; Company E, same regiment, 32 men ; Company F, same, 20 men ; Company G, same, five men ; Company H, same, two men ; Company E, Fifty-sixth. Regiment, 26 men; Company I, same regiment, 12 men; Com- pany K, Sixtieth Regiment, 10 men ; Company E, Eighty-first Regiment, 31 men; Company G, same regiment, 77 men; Com- pany H, same, 93 men; Companies D and H, One Hundred and HISTOKY OF ILLINOIS. 501 Ninth Eegiment, 8 men; Company C, One Hundred and Tenth Regiment, 64 men; Company G, same regiment, 29 men; One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Regiment, 445 men, making a grand total of 1,030. It has been asserted that the county sent about 2,000 men into the army, and it may be claimed that the sum- mary of the foregoing recapitulation is too small, but any and all persons making such claims are respectfully referred to the ofl&- cial reports. MARION, THE COUNTY SEAT. Williamson County, on account of its rural location and its former inadequate facilities for transportation, has no large towns. Marion, the county seat, is the largest. The origin of this town has been fully given elsewhere in this work. At the first term of the county commissioners' court, held in October, 1839, John Davis was granted a license "to retail spirituous liquors at his house in the town of Marion." The house referred to was a log cabin which Davis erected before the town was sur- veyed, and which was the first business house in the town. When the survey was made this house was found to stand on the public square, and consequently had to be moved. The first store in Marion was put up by Joshua Mulkey in 1840, and the next by Robert Hopper. At the March term, 1841, of the county commissioners' court, James McFarland and Sterling Hill were both granted license to sell spirituous liquors at their houses in Marion ; and thus two more such business houses were added to the place. Mr. Hill was one of the county commissioners. D. L. Pulley put up a grocery on the Westbrook corner, and J. sD. Pulley built "Our House" on the west side. John Sparks put up a hat shop on the northeast corner. In 1842 Allen Bainbridge built the Western Exchange, a brick building on the corner where Goodall & Campbell's store now stands. In early days the term grocery was used to denote a place where liquors were sold, and by some persons it is still used in that sense; but in 502 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. this work it is used to denote a place where groceries and pro- visions are sold, according to its proper definition. The price of a license to sell liquors in the early days was $25, but at pres- ent it is from $500 to $1,000. In 1845 Marion had increased until it had the following mer- chants, viz. : Spiller & Campbell, Eobert T. Hopper, H. L. Bow- yer and Allen Bainbridge. Saloon keepers. Sterling Hill and William Dillard. The same year Milton Mulkey built the first steam (frame) mill in the county, where the Edwards' Mills now stand. He sold to Hooper & Phelps, who rebuilt it in 1847 and 1848. John M. Edwards purchased it about the year 1857, and afterward his son, Charles M. Edwards, and A. J. Mann rebuilt the mill, this time with brick, and later they built the woolen mills attached thereto as they now stand. The property is now owned by J. D, Edwards & Co., who recently put rollers in the flouring-mill. In the woolen-mill they manufacture jeans, linseys, tweeds, flannels, blankets, yarns, satinets, cassimeres, etc., of as good a quality as are produced anywhere in the United States. They consume about 150 pounds of wool per day. The flouring-mills are operated under a lease by Messrs. Prindle & Borton, who are doing a very successful business. In 1845 there were two or three blacksmith shops in Marion, and Allen Bainbridge manufactured tobacco in the house now used as a grocery, at the northwest corner of the public square. From 1845 up to the beginning of the late war^ the following gentle- men and firms were engaged at different periods in the mercan- tile business of Marion, viz. : Campbell & McCown, Goodall, Pulley & Thorn, John D. Sanders & Son, Henry Sanders, Hundley & Lewis, Lewis & Erwin, Young & Kern, S. W. Dun- away & Son and Goddard & Bainbridge. The present merchants and business men of the town are as follows: Exchange Bank, L. A. Goddard, banker; dry goods — F. M. Westbrook & Co., Thomas Dunaway, J. B. Bainbridge, HIHTORY OF ILLINOIS. 503 Ooodall & Tippy, W. H. Eubanks, Pillow, Campbell & Bro., J. M. Burkhart; groceries — Goodall & Adams, A, L. Cline, Davis & Gent, N. G. Keid, Pillow, Campbell & Co., Barham & Duncan, J. W. Barham & Co., Noah Cash & Co., H. M, Parks; -drugs — J. A. Benson, John Cline, W. M. Washburn; hard- ware — H. M. Parks, Fitzgerrell & Bro. ; millinery — Mrs. Shan- non Holland, Mrs. M. L. Moore; harness — Mr. Little; livery stables — Holland & Carter, Flem. Gent; farm implements — William Phillips, Samuel Chandler, H. M. Parks; hotels — Simmons House, Grand Central, Pulley House, Reynolds House, dine House. In addition to the foregoing there are several board- ing houses. Tobacco warehouses — Goodall & Tippy, F. M. West- brook & Son, John Gullege; furniture and coffins — Duncan & Jackson; postmaster — R. D. Holland. The town also contains several blacksmith and wood work shops, three butcher shops, two barber shops, and the new and well established photograph and picture gallery of W. W. Wilder. The town also contains the Marion Roller Mills, being a large three-story brick build- ing, which was erected in 1883 by the present proprietors, Wm. Aikman & Co. The building and the ground on which it stands cost about ^5,000, and the mill machinery $12,000. The capac- ity of this mill is 125 barrels of flour per day. Marion contains four churches, viz. : Methodist Episcopal, Methodist Church South, Christian and Baptist ; also a new and large brick school- house. The physicians are E. L. Denison, AY. H. Bentley, •George W. Evans, A. N. Lodge and Dr. Casey. SOCIETIES. The Williamson County Medical Association was organized in May, 1875, by Drs. H. V. Ferrell, S. H. Bundy and A. N. Lodge. The officers are W. H. Bentley, president; M. M. Mc- Donald, vice-president; A. N. Lodge, secretary, and H, V. Fer_ rell, treasurer. The association has seventeen members at present, •and it meets bi-monthly at Marion. 504 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. Fellowship Lodge of A. R & A. M., No. 89, was chartered October 8, • 1850, with James Askew, W. M. ; Willis Allen, S. W. ; J. H. Campbell, J. W. and other brothers as charter mem- bers. At the present writing the lodge has about sixty members, and the officers are W. L. Benson, W. M. ; J. W. Evans, S. W. ; Joseph Fozard, J. W. ; AV. S. Washburn, Secretary, and Jas. M. Burkhart, Treasurer. The lodge owns the hall where it meets,, is in good working order and in good financial condition. Marion Chapter, No. 100, was chartered October 5, 1866. Its charter members were C. M. Edwards, P. H. P. ; J. S. Rice, King; A. B. Scurlock, Scribe; William R. Hall, Secretary, and M. W. Robertson, Treasurer. The present membership is about forty -five, and it is also in good working order and in good finan- cial condition. Williamson Lodge, I. O. O. F., No. 392, was chartered October 12, 1869, with S. W. S. Fribble, John O. Bag- well, James N. Jenison, Pierce L. Jenison and David M. Fligor as charter members. The present membership is about sixty- five, and the officers are E. E. Mitchell, N. G. ; H. H. Coffer, V. G. ; G. W. Yound, Secretary and W. L. Benson, Treasurer. The Lodge is active and has over $1,200 in its treasury. Benevolent Encampment, No. 171, of I. O. 0. F. was chartered' October 10, 1876, with George W. Young, W. H. Eubanks, D. A. Davis, J. V. Grider and others as charter members. Its pres- ent membership is about forty. Marion Lodge, No. 1944, K. of H., was chartered January 5, 1880, with W. H. Eubanks, J. H. Duncan, M. C. Campbell, M. R. Hopper, Z. Hudgens, M. Cantor and others as charter mem- bers. The present membership is about forty. Egyptian Lodge, No. 325, K. & L. of H., was chartered June 1, 1880, with J. M. Burkhart, M. C. Campbell and wife,. Thomas Dunaway and wife, Elijah Spiller and wife, and others as. charter members. It has a membership of thirty. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 505 Marion Post, No. 319, G. A. R., was chartered August 2, 1883, with L. D. Hartwell, P. M. Parker, William Eex, J. P. Copeland and others to the number of fifteen as charter members. It has about thirty-five members, and is in a fair condition financially and otherwise. The Marion Building & Loan Association was incorporated, in March, 1887, with a capital stock of $50,000. The officers are L. A. Goddard, president; J. W. Westbrook, vice-president; E. E. Mitchell, secretary, and H. T. Goddard, treasurer. The board of directors are W. H. Eubanks, H. C. Mitchell, J. M. Burkhart, A. J. Benson, J. C. Mitchell, J. B. Bainbridge, J. W. Westbrook, L. W. Goddard and AV. H. Warder, the latter alsa being attorney for the association. As soon as the books were opened all the stock was subscribed, and applications made for more. By the end of the present year the association will prob- ably increase the capital stock to $250,000, and confine all loans- and improvements to the county. In regard to other secret societies, taking in the whole county, Milo Erwin, in his history, says: " In 1862 the Golden Circle reached a membership of over 800, and in 1864 the Union League numbered 1,200. In 1872, the Kuklux numbered 135 members; but that same year they were broken up, and did not meet again until 1874, when a few of them formed a klan in the west side of the county. The Grange was introduced in 1874, and has since spread rapidly among our farmers." Since the above was written, the Grange has been supplanted by the Farmers' Mutual Benefit Association, which is now very strong in the county. In August, 1862, when the Golden Circle was exerting a very bad influence, A. D. Duff, W. J. Allen, A. P. Corder, John Clemison and A. C. Nelson were all arrested by United States officers, and taken first to Cairo, and thence to Washington, where they were confined about three months in the old Capitol prison. Tliey were charged with 506 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. belonging to the Golden Circle and of making rebel speeches, both of which charges they denied, and after being confined as above stated they were released without trial. THE PEESS. W. H. Wileford brought the first printing press to the county about the year 1838, and upon the organization of the county, and for years thereafter, he did all the ofl&cial printing. In 1850 he established and published the Literary Moniior a few miles southeast of Marion. The Marion Inielligencer, a Democratic paper was established at Marion in 1854; the Democraiic Orgayi in 1860, and the Mario7i Siar in 1866. The first Kepublican paper, Our Flag, was published in 1866; the following year the Old Flag, a Democratic paper was published, and the next year (1868) The People'' s Friend, a Democratic paper, came out. Then in 1872 the Williamson County Progress, Eepublican, was published; in 1873 the Farmers'' Advocate, Independent, came out; the following year it was merged into the Marion Democrat, and the next year (1875) into the Egyptian Press, which is still being published, at present by the stanch Democrat J. F. Con- nell. It is a large thirty-two- column newspaper, ably edited, and well sustained by the people of Williamson County. The Marion Monitor, Eepublican, was published in 1874, and in Feb- ruary, 1887, its name was changed to TJie Leader, which is now published by The Leader Printing Company, and edited by Khea and Mitchell — the latter being deputy county clerk, and an offi- cer in several societies above noticed. J. P. Copeland, an ex-Federal soldier and officer, is the foreman of the printing depart- ment. The Leader is a forty- eight-column Republican newspa- per, ably edited, and is well patronized by the people of the county. The Independent was published a few months during 1886 by T. J. Helton. The Binder was established in Novem- ber, 1886 in the interest of the Farmers' Mutual Benefit Associ- ation. It is ably editerl by A. M. Palmer. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 507 9 INCORPORATION OF MARION. Marion was first iEcorporated in 1851, and was reincorpor- ated in 1856, and again in 1865, and in 1873 it was incorporated as a city under the general law of the State. The present officers are Brice Holland, mayor; Ed. J. Mitchell, clerk; Shannon Hol- land, treasurer; J. V. Grider, marshal; J. F. Connell, police magistrate; L. D. Hartwell, attorney; and Aldermen R. Borton, Ed. Gallagher, Joseph Fozard, S. S. Ireland, J. L. Adams and D. A. Davis. Marion has not been infested with saloons for several years last past, but arrangements are now being made to open them, and before this reaches the reader they will prob- ably be in operation. Marion contains from 1,200 to 1,500 inhabitants. CARTERVILLE. Carterville, situated on the railroad eight miles from Marion, was established in 1872 on land owned by George McNeaL, who laid the town out. The original town was surveyed and platted by William Bundy. Mr. McNeal, the proprietor, then lived in a log cabin outside of. the original plat. Robert Warren and V. B. Harris built the first residences in the town, and Ben- jamin F. Tranbarger was the first merchant. He put up his building and commenced merchandising in 1873. Frank Chap- man and James Reid opened the second store, and John Herrin and R. D. Harrison the third. The railroad station was built in 1873. Laban Carter, as has been stated, had previously opened a coal mine half a mile east of the village, and it was upon his suggestion that Mr. McNeal laid out the same, which he named in honor of Mr. Carter. In consequence of the coal business which has developed there, the village has had a rapid growth, and at the present writing has the following merchants and business houses: General stores — Ellis & Bro., Spiller & Walker, F. C. Zimmerman & Bro. ; dry goods and millinery, James Powell; gents' furnishing goods, Isaac Hammer; milli- ■508 WILLIAMSON COUNTY, nery, Mrs. James Thompson; boot and shoe shop, Jacob Shark; harness, boots and shoes, George Lofland; hardware, Emily White; furniture and coffins. Miles Bell; drugs, Dr. J. Price, Hampton & Co. ; dry goods and groceries, W. Sizemore & Co. ; groceries, Charles Owen, Charles Cash; broom factory, Benja- min F. Tranbarger; hotels, Matthews House, Hill House. In addition to the above there are three saloons, one barber shop, four blacksmith shops and other industries. There are two •church edifices, Methodist Episcopal and Presbyterian. The Baptists, Christians and Cumberland Presbyterians also have church organizations but no buildings. The physicians are H. V. Terrell, J. W. Fain, H. Perry, A. D. Watson, J. Price and Dr. Vick. The lawyers are James M. Washburn and A. Billings. There is also a large schoolhouse containing four rooms, in which a good school is sustained six months in the year with public funds, and from ten to twelve weeks by private subscrip- tion. The village has about 1,000 inhabitants. Crainville is located so close to Carterville that it might appropriately be termed a suburb thereof. It contains two stores, kept respect- ively by Benjamin Norton and Columbus Crain, and one grist and flouring-mill, Carterville has a lodge of the I. O. O. F. and also Carter- ville Post, No. 237, G. A. E., which was charted in 1881, and has now a membership of thirty-eight. The charter members were J. E. Ledbetter, Daniel Perrine, Bennet H. Stotlar, Wm. H. Allen, Peter Smith, Jas. H. Donohoo, Philip Sprague, K. W. Warren, H. G. Price, A. B. Blankenship, W. S. Nichols, T. N. Impson, C. M. Wagoner, J. D. Beasley, W, J. Dowell, Thos. E. Stearns, T. C. White, Milton Black, J. M. Shaw, Thomas G. Matthews, George Wright, Hugh M. Richards, G. W. Cox and J. F. Stearns. Of these and other comrades who joined after- ward the following have since died, viz. : Stotlar, Donohoo Wes- son, Tallev and Walston. HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 509 BAINBRIDGE. This is the oldest village in the county, and the first store in the county was kept there as early as 1818 by a Mr. Kipp. It was formerly a place of considerable business, but it now con- tains only four dwelling-houses. Jeffersonville, situated seven miles north of Marion, contains four stores, a postoffice, tobacco warehouse, saw and grist-mills and some mechanic shops. Cor- inth is a village of about the same size in the northeast part of the county. Crab Orchard, situated a few miles east of Marion, was established in 1851. The first store was kept by Norman & Erwin. The saw and grist-mills were built by Furlong and Erwin in 1854. The same year Hiram McClaskey, the present blacksmith, opened his shop. The postofiice was established in 1855, with Kobert Erwin as postmaster. The merchants of the present are: General stores — L. C. Parks & Co., Allen Brewer & Co. and Thomas Bones; groceries — Smith & Co., McDonald & Caplinger and Matthew Campbell; drugs — E. S. Peebles; furniture — McDonald & Ferrell ; harness, boots and shoes — J. S. Fry; grist-mill — Crossley & Sons; millinery — Miss N'ancy Corder; tobacco factories — Parks & Co. and Allen Brewer & Co. ; postmaster, John Farris. Creal Springs is situ- ated about ten miles southeast of Marion. The medicinal qualities of the waters of the mineral springs at that place, were discov- ered in 1881, and the first house was erected there in November 1882. The village was established on the lands of Edward G. Creal. Health and pleasure seekers at once flocked to the place, and put up small residences. The village now contains three general stores, two dry goods stores, one drug and one hardware store, one flour and feed store, two livery stables, mechanic shops, etc., also two churches — Methodist Episcopal and Baptist, a good seminary of learning, two hotels and several boarding-houses. It is destined to be a favorite summer resort. 510 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. HISTORY OF THE SCHOOLS. But very little attention was paid to education in Williamson County prior to the year 1840. A few subscription schools had been taught by teachers who were able only to teach reading, spelling, writing, and the fundamental rules of arithmetic. Ib 1840 a school of a higher grade was established at Bainbridge by Prof. Bugg. He was succeeded by Eev. Nehemiab Hunt, who taught a few terms and then moved to Marion. He- was a Presbyterian, of which further mention will be made in the- next chapter. In 1841 a graded school was established at Marion, and soon thereafter a frame schoolhouse was erected in. the northwestern part of town, not far from the site of the present school building. Wm. Richie was the first, or among the first teachers. He was succeeded by Wm. Scurlock and wife, and they by Rev. Nehemiah Hunt formerly of the Bainbridge school. These schools were sustained for a number of years, and until they were supplanted by the free schools. Wm. T. Turner was appointed the first school commissioner of the county, and at ther June term, 1840, of the county commissioners' court, he reported that he had received from S. H. Mitchell, the school commis- sioner of Franklin County, the sum of $850.60 as a part of the school fund belonging to Williamson County, after it was cut off from the former couijty, and at the September term following he reported $966.25 as received from the same source. Henry W. Perry succeeded Turner as school commissioner, and at the March term, 1841, of said court, he reported $2,062.72 in notes as received from his predecessor. This amount belonged to the permanent school fund, the principal of which was loaned out^ and the interest only appropriated to the support of the schools. Of this amount $578 was designated as belonging to Town & south, Range 4 east, and $350 to Town 9 south. Range 3 east, thus leaving a balance of $1,134.72, which the report designated as belonging to the county school fund. The sixteenth section in HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 513 each congressional township, was donated, as heretofore stated, for the support of schools ; and there were twelve sections of that number in this county, all of which were sold to create a perma- nent fund to belong to each township respectively; but the records, as they have been preserved, fail to show how much money was realized from the sale of these lands. Some portions of this fund have been lost by means of loaning it without sufficient security. The permanent school fund of each congressional- township, at the present writing is as follows, to wit : Township 8 south, Kange 1 east, $2,176.80; Kange 2 east, $994.12; Range 3 east, $486.72; Range 4 east, $670.87. Township 9 south, Range 1 east, $830.50; Range 2 east, $1,059; Range 3 east, $675.30; Range 4 east, $679.30; Township 10 south, Range 1 east, $351; Range 2 east, $485.45; Range 3 east, $418; Range 4 east, $333.33, making a total of this fund in the county of $9,250.39. The funds derived from the sale of the school lands are embraced in the forgoing amounts; and here again is shown the great mistake of selling the. school lands before any thing more than a mere nominal price could be obtained for them. Under the free school system, the public schools of William- son County have gradually increased and improved until it can be truthfully said that they are second to none in southern Illi- nois. To show their present condition, the following statistics are taken from the last report of the county school superintend- ent: Scholastic population — males 4,163, females 3,703, total, 7,866; number of pupils enrolled in the schools — males 3,338, females 2,975, total, 6,313. This shows that over 80 per cent of the scholastic population attend the free schools, which is a pretty good showing though not as good as it ought to be. According to" the report there are ninety-three ungraded and five graded free schools in the county, making ninety -eight in all. There were seven male and eight female teachers employed in the graded schools, and seventy-three male and thirty-one female 514 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. eachers employed in the ungraded schools, making the total number of teachers employed, 119. There are six log, ninety- one frame and two brick schoolhouses in the county, ninety-nine in all. The highest average monthly wages paid teachers, according to said report, was males $48.65, females $32.73. This shows that male teachers are held much higher in the esti- mation of the people of Williamson County than female teachers are, but it does not show nor prove that they are better educators. Can there be any reason why a woman should not be paid as much for the same amount and quality of service as a man ? The report further shows that the amount of money earned during the year by the male teachers was $14,836.28, and by the female teachers, $5,555.30, total, $20,391.58; and that the estimated value of school property in the county, including libraries and school apparatus, was $44,027. The receipts of school funds for the year were $39,046.76, and the expenditures $28,374.14, leav- ing a balance on hand of $10,672.62. In November, 1886, the large, commodious and picturesque schoolhouse of Marion was completed. It is a fine two- story brick structure, 60x69 feet, with a vestibule 12x24 feet. On the first floor are four large schoolrooms, the vestibule, hall and stairs; and on the second floor there is a recitation room in the vestibule, and a large hall over the one beneath, in one end of which are cloakrooms. On the west side of this hall are two more schoolrooms, of the same size as those beneath them, and on the east side the whole space is occupied in one large room for the school of the principal. The whole building is warmed by the use of Boyington's Improved Heaters, there beiug one in each room and two in the principal's room. The main building is covered with tin and the vestibule with slate. The building cost $9,700, and it was constructed and finished in modern archi- tectural style and beauty. It stands in the northwest part of the city, and is an ornament to the same. It is well furnished, well HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 515 ventilated and well lighted, and the citizens of the Marion School District may well be proud of it. Another fact worthy of men- tion is the excellent school now being taught in this building by Prof. B. F. Kizer and his able corps of assistants, viz. : Miss Ettie Lang, Mr. George Powell, Miss Mollie Tyner, Miss Maggie Jackson, Miss Josie Scurlock and Miss Gertrude Warder. A high school department has recently been established in the school. The other graded schools of the county are located at Carterville, Grab Orchard, Creal Springs and Stone Fort, and are aU doing good work. Taken as a whole, the free schools of the county, under the supervision of Supt. John H. Duncan, are doing an excellent work for the young people of this generation, but there is room, and always will be room, for greater improve- ment. There is another institution of learning in the county not connected with the free school system, and that is the seminary at Creal Springs, which was established in 1884: by Mr. H. C. Murrah and his wife. Mr. Murrah built the seminary building at his own expense, and Mrs. Murrah has been the principal of the school ever since it was organized. There are about sixty- five pupils in attendance at the present writing. The academy is well sustained, and has a reputation of doing good work in the cause of education. CHURCH HISTORY. The first church in the county was built on the Sanders farm in 1819, and the next, Eich Grove, was built on Herrin's Prairie in 1820. In 1823 the families of Davis, Corder and Parks erected a log church, a little north of the Mayes farm. In 1824 the Methodists built a church in Northern Precinct. The first church on the Eight Mile was built in 1836. The pioneer churches of the county were the Methodists and Baptists. About the year 1835 considerable dissension arose among the Baptists of south- ern Illinois on .doctrinal points. Some were in favor of mis- 516 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. sionary work, and others opposed to it. In consequence of thig difference, a division of the church took place in 1839, when Mount Zion Church, now called Davis Prairie, was formed by seceders from old Bethlehem Church. The churches had been requested to say whether they would "fellowship the Baptist Board of For- eign Missions and its various branches." And in May, 1839, the Bethlehem Church decided the question in the negative, where- upon the minority withdrew and organized the aforesaid Mount Zion Church, and in July of the same year adopted the following "Articles of Faith:" 1. We believe in tiie one only true and living God, the Father, the Word, and the Holy Ghost. 2. We believe in the impotency of man, and that it is utterly impossible for him of his own free will, to recover himself from that state. 3. That God so loved the world, that He gave His Son to die— who tasted death for every man, that whosoever believeth in Him, should not perish but have everlasting life. 4. We believe in the doctrine of election and reprobation as it is written in the Scriptures. 5. That all true believers in Christ are liept by the power of God, through faith unto salvation. 6. We believe that baptism is an ordinance of God's house, and is performed in no other way but by immersion; and that none are legal administrators, but such as have been called by the church, and have come under the imposition of the hands of a presbytery. 7. We believe that the sacrament of the Lord's Supper is also an ordinance of God's house, and that none have a right thereto but such as have been bap- tized, and come into union with us. 8. We believe that the washing of the saints' feet is a duty, and that it should be kept up in the house of God. 9. We believe that the Gospel of Christ is to be preached to all nations, and that Christ's church is the means by which this is to be eflEected. The names of the members of this new church were Wilfred Ferrell, Hezakiah Ferrell, Martha J. Ferrell, Timothy Teal, Eliza- beth Teal, Abraham Keaster, Polly Keaster, Lewis Keaster, Polly Leathers, Edmund Jones, Anna Eich, Drury A. Moseley, Salina Corder, Manning Campbell, Maria Campbell and Lorenzo D. Hartwell. Unity Church in Williamson County stood to the decision of the Bethlehem Church. Mount Zion Church sent delegates to the Salem Association of the United Baptists asking HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 517 for membership, and was received. The United or Missionary Baptist Church increased, while the Eegular or Non-Missionary Church decreased, so that nearly all the Baptists of this county now belong to the United Baptist Church. Bethlehem Church, which is about four miles east of Marion, and another one about five miles northwest of Marion, still adheres to the old doctrine. Unity Church, above referred to, was organized about the year 1830, with about ten members. They erected a log house in which to worship, which stood until it was consumed by fire during the war. The church was then disbanded, and the members joined other churches. The pastorate of Mount Zion Church was filled nearly all the time up to 1860 by one or the other of the Ferrells, who were ordained ministers at the organization thereof. They were followed by D. G. Young, John Gould and others. Among the first Baptist ministers of the county, were Rev. Charles Lee, who organized Bethlehem Church about the year 1830, also Revs. John Maddox, Bailey Adams and Isaac Herrin. The Marion Baptist Church was organized in August, 1865. Elders Wm. Terrell, David Butler and W. B. Chamness were the council, and Elder David Butler was the first pastor. The orig- inal members of this church were Isaac McCoy, Thomas Carter, John Jenkins, Wm. Wagoner, Selinda A. McCoy, Louisa Carter, Susan Wagoner, Mary Jenkins, Agnes Jenkins, Louisa Pitts, Melinda Hargett, Mary Moore, Margaret Ireland, Adaline Ben- nett, Isabella Marshock, Elizabeth Tinker, Ellen McElvoy, Nancy A. Morris and Maria Penninger. The church has forty- nine members at present, and 208 members have been enrolled on its books from first to last during its existence. Elder W. B. Wester, is the present pastor. Hurricane Baptist Church, eight miles west of Marion, was organised about the year 1840, with the following members, viz. : Sarah Nolen, Matthew M. and Hester Walker, Elizabeth C. 518 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. Walker, "W. J. Walker, J, V. Grain, Alice Grain, Cyrus, Hannah and Mary Gampbell, Mary Reeves, and Isaac and Mary Perry. Elders James McGowan and D. S. Grain were the council. Elder McGowan, was the first pastor. Goal Bank Springs Ghurch, situated in the southeastern part of the county, is the outgrowth of Indian Gamp and Rock Creek Churches, which consolidated in 1865. It was organized with about 100 members. Elder Wm. Terrell, was its first pastor. In 1873 a new church was organized under the name of Indian Camp, the members of which came mostly from Goal Bank Springs Ghurch. Herrin's Prairie Ghurch is situated on Herrin's Prairie, about ten miles northwest of Marion. It was first an arm of Hurricane Church, which was extended in February, 1865, and in December of that year the church was organized with T. B. Warren and D. G. Young as council. The original members were twenty- seven in number. Eld. Warren was the first pastor. The church has now a membership of about eighty -five. Shiloh Church located near Corinth in Northern Precinct, was organized in October, 1866, with a membership of fifteen. I. N. Hester, R. C. Keele and J. M. C. Foster were the presbytery; Elder R. C. Keele was the first pastor. It has a membership of fifty-seven. Grab Orchard Ghurch, located about five miles, southwest of Marion, was organized under the name of Grassy Greek in August, 1850, about five miles west of where it now stands. Elders Wm. Ferrell, D. S. Grain, and M. M. Walker were the council. The original members were fifteen in number, and the membership is now reported at 127. Lake Greek Ghurch, located five miles north of Marion, was organized in 1852 with seventeen members. Elders J. M. Shadowin and Joseph T. Williams were the council, and the latter the first pastor. The membership of this church is reported at eighty -four. Bainbridge Church was organized in May, 1865, HISTOEY OF ILLINOIS. 519 with thirteen members. Elders T. W. Chamness, D. S. Grain and W. B. Chamness and Deacons Peter Milner and Henry Frey were the council, and Elder T. W. Chamness, first pastor. Will- iam's Prairie Church located about nine miles northeast of Marion, was organized in 1861, Its present membership is reported at 113. In addition to the foregoing Baptist Churches others of the same denomination are reported as follows : Antioch, member- ship forty-one ; Carterville, membership twenty-five ; Center, membership sixty-five ; Cana, membership sixty-one ; Creal Springs, membership forty-one ; Fairview, membership fifty ; Grassy Creek, membership sixty-six ; Palestine, membership eighty-five; Providence, membership fifty-six. All of these churches sustain Sunday-schools. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. For a list of the presiding elders of this church for the Mount Vernon District, of which Williamson and Franklin Counties are a part, and for information pertaining to its early history, the reader is referred to the history of the latter county. The Methodist Episcopal Church in Marion was organized soon after the town was established, and in 1845 the members thereof built what was called the " Sweet Gum Church," which was so named because of its being built entirely out of sweet gum logs. The society worshiped in this house until about the year 1859, when the present brick edifice was erected. This church was organized by Rev. Williams, one of the pioneer Christian workers of this part of the State. Among the original members of it were Thomas Cox, William Benson, Hugh La Master, Mary Ann La Master, William Chism and wife, and John McCoy and wife. Nearly or quite all of the original members of this society have finished their work on earth, and gone to receive their rewards. Rev. G. W. La Master, who is still living at an advanced age a few miles northwest of Marion, 520 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. united with this society in 1848. Rev. H. A. Doty is the present pastor, and, since September, 1884, he has organized three other societies, viz. : Schoharie, with forty members ; Bethlehem, with twenty-three members, and County Line with twenty-one members. Perry's Church, three miles northwest of Marion, with a membership of sixty, and the Schoharie Church, are connected with the Marion charge. Marion Church has a membership of 100, thus making 200 members in the several societies of this charge. The pastor. Rev. Doty, is a native of Union County, 111,, and has been in the ministry nine years, in the Mount Yernon District, southern Illinois Con- ference. The Methodist Episcopal Church at Carterville was organized since that village was established ; a good edifice has been erected, and Rev. J. R. Reef of Carbondale is the present pastor. The Methodist Episcopal Church edifice at Crab Orchard was built in 1878 ; Rev. C. E. Cline was the first pastor of the society, and Rev. J. B. Kenshaw the present one. Other churches of this denomination within the county, are Spring Grove, east of Crab Orchard; Pleasant Grove, about three miles north thereof; Union Grove, about seven miles east of Marion; Corinth, in Northern Precinct; Creal Springs, and perhaps others. The Methodist Episcopal Churches in the country have an average membership of about sixty-five, and all have Sunday-schools connected with them, L. A. Goddard is superintendent of the Sunday-school of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Marion. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH SOUTH. During the latter part of the late civil war the Methodist Episcopal Church South was established at Marion, under the labors of an evangelist, and Rev. William Finley became the first pastor thereof. The church has been supplied regularly with a minister ever since by the Illinois Conference of the Methodist HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 521 Episcopal Church South, Rev. T. T. Kendrick beiug the present pastor. The original members of this church were John Edwards and wife, and their son C. M. Edwards, Lovina Cook, Jeremiah Rice and wife, James Hudgepeth and wife, S. S. Tick and wife and others. The present church edifice was completed in 1872, -costing with the lot about $1,000. A Sunday-school was organ- ized soon after the organization of the church, J. N. Moore is the present superintendent. The present membership is about eighty-five, and the society has a comfortable parsonage property valued at $800. Fountain Methodist Episcopal Church South was organized in 1878 or 1879, and Rev. William Finley was its first pastor. It is located about seven miles south of Marion. Alex. C. Nelson and wife, James Simmons and wife, Scott Sim- mons and wife, George W. Moak and wife, James S. Hudgens and others were original members. A good Sunday-school is also sustained by this church. Rev. T. T. Kendrick is the pas- tor. It has now 130 members. Stone Fort Methodist Episcopal Ohurch South was organized in 1885 by Rev, W. H. Nelson, Dr. Osborn and wife. Dr. Goe and wife and Mrs. G. W. Rose were among its original members. The present membership is about eighty-five. This church has increased rapidly and its church property is valued at $1,100. Rev, T. T. Kendrick is the pastor. This church also supports a good Sunday-school. The foregoing three churches constitute the Marion Circuit in the Ashley District of the Illinois Conference. There seems to be a growing demand for the extension of the Methodist Episcopal Ohurch South. The Christian Church in Marion was organized soon after the town was located, perhaps in 1843, by Elders Bristow and Hayes, who were the pioneer ministers of this church in this ■county, although they were not residents. Joab and Nancy Goodall, John and Pliebe Pulley, Davis and others were among the first members. The ministers of this church have been 522 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. Archibald T. Benson, Samuel Nowland, Isaac Mulkey, Banteau, Crim, W. H. Bowels, Matthew Wilson, John A, Williams, Trimbell and J. J. Jones. The present membership is about seventy-five. The present brick church was erected in 1877, at a cost of about $4,000. Shiloh Christian Church, three miles south of Marion, was organized about 1862, and at present writ- ing its membership numbers about sixty. Elder Crim is the pastor. Serilda Christian Church, located ten miles south of Marion, was organized about the year 1877, and has now about forty members. Eight Mile Prairie Christian Church was organized about the year 1846, by Elders A. T. Benson and Ulysses Heap, Avith about sixty members. The present member- ship is about one hundred. Carterville Christian Church was organized recently, and has a membership of about forty, but no church edifice. Herrin's Prairie Christian Church was organ- ized about the year 1864, and has now forty members. Beaver Pond and Oak Grove Christian Church was organized during the latter part of the sixties, and now has about one hundred mem- bers. Jeffersonville Christian Church was organized prior ta- 1870 by Elder M. F. Wilson. It now has about fifty members, and Elder Crim preaches for them. Purges School-house con- gregation, recently organized, has about twenty-five members, and Elder Crim also preaches for them. There are scattering members of this church denomination all over the county, who are not members of any particular organization. Good Sunday- schools are maintained by all the Christian Churches, and during the last few years an increased interest has been manifested in Sunday-school work by all the churches in the county. Williamt H. Warder is the superintendent of the Sunday-school of the Christian Church in Marion. A Presbyterian Church (of the new school) was organized m Marion in August, 1845, by Eevs. W. Chamberlin and Willis- ton Jones. The following are the names of the original mem— HISTORY OF ILLINOIS. 523 bers: Samuel Aikman, Henrietta Aikmaii, William Aikman, Maria E. Aikman, Eliab Aikman, Lewis Calvert, Mary Cox, Louisa Cox and Margaret McMurray. A church was erected during the ministry of Eev. Nehemiah Hunt, who took charge in 1848. His successors were Revs. John W. McCord, John Ingersoll, Hillery Patrick and Charles G. Selleck — the latter after the war. The building erected under the administration of Rev. Hunt was taken down in 1870, and the materials were sold to the Cumberland Presbyterians, who used them in erect- ing a church of their own four miles east of town. The lot, which had been donated by Rev. Hunt, was sold for $205, and the money sent to him at his home in Sterling Center, Minn. When the church was sold as above mentioned the organization was dissolved, and the members united with other denominations. The Cumberland Presbyterians above referred to organized their church four miles east of Marion, in 1867, under the labors of Rev. L. G. Simpson, The original members were Rev. L. G. Simpson and wife, Rev. J. N. Calvert, William May and wife, O. G. Campbell, J. L. Calvert and Clementine Parks, all of whom, so far as known, are living at the present, except Rev. J. N. Calvert. The present membership numbers thirty, and Rev. J. L. Hudgens is the present pastor. The Presbyterians have an organization and church edifice at Carterville, and the Cum- berland Presbyterians also have an organization there, but no edifice. In the preparation of the history of Williamson County the writer has consulted the works of Milo Erwin and Rev. Throg- morton, and acknowledges information and extracts taken there- from. Acknowledgements are also due to the county officera for the privilege of consulting their records and for information given by them, and to all others who have kindly furnished val- uable information for this work. BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 525 GALLATIN COUNTY. George D. Barger. George D. Barger, a pioneer and farmer, was born in Shawnee- town in 1832. He is the youngest of seven children of Jacob and Elizabeth (Seaton) Barger. The father, of German origin and born in Pennsylvania, was the son of Geo. Barger, Sr. He went to Breckenridge County when a young man, and learned the car- penter's trade. He married in 1809. And after 1815 he was a farmer and carpenter of Shawneetown, and died in 1847. The mother was born in Kentucky in 1787, and died in 1860. She was a member of the Regular Baptist Church. Educated at Shawneetown, our subject, in 1854, was married to Lucy E., daugh- ter of Henry C. and Ann Floyd of Union County, Ky., where she was born in 1830. Four of their seven children are living: Jos. T., Lucy G., Maud E. and Nathaniel B. After 1865 he moved from near Shawneetown to his present fine farm of eighty acres in Section 22, four and one-half miles from that city. Always a Democrat, he first voted for Buchanan. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. J. B. Barger. J. B. Barger, farmer, was born in Breckenridge County, Ky., February 2, 1814, one of seven children — two living — of Jacob and Elizabeth (Seaton) Barger. The father, born in Pennsyl- vania in 1784, was the son of Geo. Barger, of Germany, who, on account of religious persecution, became a pioneer of Brecken- ridge County, Ky. The father was poorly educated, and married in 1809, and in 1815 came to Shawneetown, when, after several 526 GALLATIN COUNTY. years as carpenter, be spent the remainder of his life as a farmer. He was a trustee of Shawneetown for some time, and died in 1847. The mother, a native of Kentucky, was born in 1787 and died in 1800, a member of the Baptist Church. She was a half sister of Gen. McClernand, and her mother was an early pioneer of Gallatin County. Our subject was educated at Shawneetown, and engaged as clerk and in fiat-boating. In March, 1834, he married Louisa M., a daughter of John Carter, who was born in Kentucky about 1814. She died in 1861, a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Two of their seven children are living: George and Jacob. In 1847 President Polk commis- sioned him as postmaster at Shawneetown, and in 1850 he was elected sheriff, serving two years, and also some time as deputy. From . 1854 to 1856 he was bookkeeper of the State Bank of Illinois. In 1856 he was elected county clerk, which position he held for twenty-six years, at the end of which time the citizens presented him, as a recognition of his faith- fulness, a gold headed cane. Since his official life closed he has lived in retirement. He has always been a Democrat, and is a Mason and a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Besides town real estate, he owns the old homestead of 258 acres. Joseph Barnett. Joseph Barnett, farmer and stock dealer, was born in 1843, in Gallatin County, 111., one of six children of Zadok and Malinda (Choat) Barnett. The father, a farmer, born about 1809 in Tennessee, came to Gallatin County when a young man, and afterward owned 240 acres on part of which our subject now lives, and remained until his death in 1859. The mother, born in 1809 in Gallatin County, died in 1851, Our subject owns 120 acres of fine land. In 1868 he was married to Sid- ney A., daughter of Thomas and Lutitia Patton, and born in 1848 in Hardin County, 111. She died in Gallatin County, BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 527 111.. April 2, 1870. Their five cliildreu are Albert C, Mary A., Sarah J., Mellie M. and John T. In October, 18G1, enlist- ing in Company F, Sixth Illinois Yolunteer Cavalry, he was, on account of disability, honorably discharged in April, 1862. He is a Republican, and his wife is a member of the Cumber- land Presbyterian Church. James M. Bishop. James M. Bishop, postmaster, was born in Saline County, April 4, 1842. the son of William and Mary (Davis) Bishop, natives respectively of Tennessee and Virginia, and both in their •eighty-fifth year. They have been among the esteemed citizens of Saline County for over a half century. Reared to manhood on his father's farm, and with a common school training, our sub- ject, in August, 1861, enlisted in Company E, Third Illinois Cav- alry, serving as bugler until the close of the war. He was wounded at Pea Ridge, and fought at Cotton Plant, Ark., Vicksburg, Jackson, then on to New Orleans, to Shreveport, La., ■on the Red River expedition under Gen. A. J. Smith, at Memphis when Forrest raided there, and finally was mustered out at Spring- field, 111. He then farmed near Eldorado untill879 when he came to Ridgway where he has been engaged in selling agricultural implements. He is an unswerving Democrat in politics, and for two years was constable. February 17, 1887, he was appointed to his present position of postmaster at Ridgway, by President Cleveland, and is giving satisfaction. November 18, 1861, he married Eliza J. Margrave, a native of Saline County. Mr. Bishop is a Mason and a member of the G. A. R. He and his wife are members of the Missionary Baptist Church, and among the best citizens of Ridgway. W. J. Boyd. W. J. Boyd, farmer and a pioneer, was Iwrn in Mason County. Ky., about 1823, a son of J. and L. C. (Bailey) Boyd. The 528 GALLATIN COUNTY. father, of Irish origin, was born in Kentucky in 1794, a son of Archibald Boyd, a native of Harper's Ferry. Archibald was a soldier of the Revolution, and a pioneer of Kentucky, where he served as sheriff of Louis County many years. The father was reared in Mason and Louis Counties, and married in 1819. In 1837 he removed to Gallatin County and resumed his work of brick-laying. He died in 1846. The mother, born in Summit County, Md., in 1796, died December 5,1857. She was a daugh- ter of Bowdoin Bailey, a soldier of the war of 1812, in the commis- sary department, and one of the "Baltimore Blues." Returning- to Kentucky in 1815, he then went to White County, III, in 1826. Our subject was limited in school advantages, and in 1847 married Jane, daughter of James and Margaret Bradford, and born in Ireland. Two of their six children are living: Rebecca^ wife of James Rice (deceased) and Laura C. He was then liv- ing in New Haven, engaged in the tanning, saddlery and harness business. With the exception of the years from 1874 to 1885 in Shawneetown in a livery and feed stable in connection with the Riverside Hotel, he has, since 1853, resided on his present farm which he carved out of the early wilderness. It has 240 acres besides which he has another farm aggregating in all about 370 acres, and town property in addition. He has served for about twenty -two years, since 1846, as justice of the peace, in Asbury Precinct, and in his present home, beginning in 1854 in the then Wabash Precinct. He is one of the few now living who were citizens of the county in early life. He is a Democrat, first voting for Polk. He is a Mason. His parents were Pres- byterians, and his grandfather an elder who organized the church at Cabin Creek, Louis Co., Ky. John R. Boyd. John R. Boyd, abstractor of titles, and real estate and insur- ance agent, was born in Gallatin County in 1848, the eldest o£ BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 529 nine children of Thompson and Martha (Langford) Boyd. The father, of Scotch-Irish origin, and born in Maysville, Ky., in 1820, was a son of John Boyd, a native of Ohio, and a brick- mason and plasterer by trade. Thompson went to Illinois with his parents when a young man, and in 1847 married in White County, and spent his life in the northeastern part of Gallatin County as a farmer and plasterer, and an esteemed and respected citizen. He was postmaster at Cottonwood from its establish- ment until his death, since which time it has been under the charge of Mrs. Boyd. Our subject, educated in the home schools, began the j^lasterers' trade at thirteen, under his father's instruction. He taught for eight years after his- twentieth year, and farmed during his vacations. October 7, 1869, he married Virginia, daughter of Jonathan B. and Catherine Dagley, of White County, where she was born in 1849. Their children are Samuel O., Thannie, Arthur L., Thompson, Jr., and Ethel. In 1875 he was elected county treas- urer and assessor, and re-elected in 1877, during which terms he made his present abstracts. He has since also been engaged successfully in real estate. He is a Democrat, and first voted for Seymour. He is a Mason, a Knight of Honor, and is a promi- nent member of the Presbyterian Church. Altogether he owns about 3,300 acres — 120 in Polk, and the rest in Gallatin and White Counties — one of the largest land owners in the county. T. W. M. Burroughs. T. W. M. Burroughs, farmer, was born in Union County, Ky., in 1831, one of three children of George and Martha (Coleman) Burroughs. The father, born in Maryland in 1793, and a farmer, after his marriage moved to Union County. In 1838 he came to Gallatin County, and for six years carried on a woodyard. He served several years as justice. The mother, born about 1796, died in Union County about 1837. Beginning 530 GALLATIN COUNTY. life as a poor boy, in 1866 he became the owner of his present improved farm of 120 acres. In 1850 he married Martha J., daughter of William and Mary F. Baldwin, and born in 1834 in Gallatin County. Their nine children are George, Mary, Will- iam H., Martha E., Caroline D., Charles R., Victoria, Emily N. and James M. In September, 1862, enlisting as orderly sergeant in Company D, One Hundred and Twentieth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, he was, among others, actively engaged at the siege of Vicksburg, and honorably discharged in September, 1865. Politi- cally a Republican, his first vote was for Scott, in 1852. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church. Albekt Gallatin Caldwell. Albert Gallatin Caldwell (deceased), attorney at law, was born in 1817, in Shawneetown, the son of John Caldwell, a native of Brownsville, Penn., and who married Sarah, a daughter of John Badollet, a Frenchman. The latter and Albert Gallatin (not our subject) were schoolmates together in Geneva, Switzer- land, the former coming to America in 1786 and the latter in 1780, both locating in Pennsylvania. In 1802 Gallatin was Sec- retary of the Treasury under Thomas Jefferson, and secured Badollet's appointment as register of the land office at Vincennes, Ind., and John Caldwell obtained the same office at Shawnee- town. Badollet's privilege of naming the fourth county in Illi- nois Territory, resulted in this county having its present name, Gallatin, in honor of his old friend and schoolmate. John Cald- well died in 1835. His children are Eliza, wife of Alexander Kirkpatrick; John B., teller of the State Bank at Shawneetown for a time and afterward a farmer, who died in 1856; our sub- ject; William L. (deceased), a Shawneetown merchant; Margaret, widow of John Caldwell of Indianapolis, and Martha, who lives with the last mentioned sister. Our subject was educated in Shaw- neetown. In 1841 he married Eleanor, daughter of Joseph Cas- BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 531 tie of Philadelphia, and born in 1822 in the latter place. Their children are Charles, and Sarah, wife of George Eidgway. Mr. Caldwell was one of the leading members of the county bar, and an eloquent speaker. In 1850 he Avas elected to represent his •county in the Legislature, and the following year he died, pass- ing away in his prime, leaving many friends to mourn his loss. He was a Mason and an Odd Fellow. G. W. Combs. G. W. Combs, physician and surgeon, was born in February, 1838, in Gallatin County, 111. He is one of a family of nine children of Jonathan and layvilla (Dolan) Combs. The father was born in Kentucky, February 22, 1806; he came in about 1825, to Gallatin County, where he died in 1872. By occupation he was a farmer and blacksmith. The mother, a Virginian, born in 1812, died in 1876. After his education in the schools of his native county, he followed teaching a few years, and then studied medicine under Dr. Campbell, of Equality, for three years, and for a time under Dr. Leacord of New Market. After practicing medicine for twelve years and frequently attending lectures dur- ing the time, he graduated from the Cincinnati School of Medi- cine in 1878. In April, 1868, he married Hannah E., daughter of John F. and Mary E. Hemphill, and born in Pope County, 111., in 1840. Their six children are W. F., Agnes C, Annie, Samuel M., Ellen E. and George E. Since 1870, when Dr. Combs located at Eidgway, he has been remarkably successful, and now owns 120 acres of land adjoining the town. He is a Eepublican in politics, and a member of the Masonic fraternity. He and his wife are members of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. E. C. COLYARD. E. C. Colvard, M. D., of Shawneetown was born in Union County, Ky., in August, 1821. He is the son of Alexander and 532 GALLATIN COUNTY. Sarah (Johnson) Colvard, natives of Virginia, the former, of French descent, was born in 1767, and the latter in 1786. Thej died in 1847 and 1853 respectively. The elder Colvard, a car- penter, went to Union County, Ky., where he married, but lived the last twenty-five years of his life in Henderson County. Our subject, their only child, was educated at Morganfield, Ky. Leaving the farm at sixteen he served as dry goods clerk three years, and then, after study under his preceptors, Drs. Taylor and Berry, of Morganfield, he entered Louisville Medical College in 1842. After his graduation he practiced at Uniontown, Ky., eighteen months, in Morgantown two years and a half, and since then in his present position. August 19, 1853, he married Amelia W., daughter of Hezekiah Hadlock, and born in New Albany, Ind. Their six children are Alexander H., physician in Hutchinson, Kas. ; Annie, wife of J. B. Edwards, mail agent; Frank, Charles, and Bessie. One son, James E., died July 30, 1885. Dr. Colvard is the next oldest physician and surgeon in Shawneetown, and for years has been one of the leading ones of Gallatin County. A "Whig before the war, he afterward became a Democrat. His wife and daughter are members of the Presby- terian Church, and he belongs to the I. O. O. F. Lodge Ancient Odd Fellow. Silas Cook. Silas Cook, county clerk of Gallatin County, was born in White County, 111., in 1854. He is the son of Charles and Nancy J. (Hedges) Cook, the former of Irish origin, born in 1830 in White County, 111., and the latter born in 1832 in Ohio. The grandfather, Zachariah Cook, was of White County, and the great-grandfather, John Cook, a native of Virginia, was a pioneer of southern Illinois. Married in 1851, the father bought 200 acres of White County land, and farmed until 1873, when he established a general store in Omaha, Gallatin County. In 1885 he bought his present home of 400 acres. Their six children are: BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 533 our subject; Lettia A., wife of W. Beasley; Mollie A., wife of Dr. J. L. Harrel; Huldali; John, department clerk, and Lucinda. Besides his common school education our subject graduated in the Evansville (Ind, ) Commercial College in 1871. After a partnership with his father at Omaha, in November, 1882, he was -elected county clerk and again re-elected in 1886. September 22, 1878, he married Sarilda E., daughter of Benj. and Sallie 8. Kinsall, and born in 1856 in Gallatin County. Their three chil- dren are Lillie, Eula and Zella. Mr. Cook now owns 422 acres. He is a Democrat politically, a member of the F. & A. M., and both he and his wife belong to the Cumberland Presbyterian •Church. John A. Crawford. John A. Crawford, police magistrate, Ridgway, was born in Gallatin County, 111., January 2, 1885, the son of William R. and Martha (Stevens) Crawford, natives respectively of North Carolina and Tennessee, the former born June 29, 1800, and the latter October 12, 1801. The father removed with his parents from South Carolina to Kentucky in 1803, and, a few years later, to Illinois. Our subject's grandfather, John Crawford, located in Pope County, and later in life moved to Gallatin County, where he died. William R. settled near Cypress Junction on a farm in 1832, and, later, removed to another township, where he died January 24, 1857. The mother died June 10, 1851, and of eight children the following are living: Nancy J., widow of Jesse Kan- aday; Hannah E., widow of William Engleton; Martha L., John A., and James S., of Pope County. John A., reared on the farm with a common-school education, left home in 1855 and farmed in Tazewell County, 111., three years. He then returned home, and on May 13, 1858, married Mary Kanady, and settled on the old farm, where she died October 15, 1876. Their children are Sophronia A., wife of Edgar Mills; Susan E. and William H. June 13, 1883, he married Susan (Kanady) Yost, a native of 534 GALLATIN COUNTY. this county. In April, 1884, he moved to Eidgway, where he now runs a first-class boarding-house. He has been a prominen Republican since the war, but never an official aspirant. In April, 1886, he was elected to his present office, which he efficiently fills, and to the satisfaction of all concerned. A. F. Davenport. A. F. Davenport, merchant, was born near Equality, 111., March 2, 1844. His father, E. W., a native of Knoxville, Tenn., settled with his parents near Equality, and was always a farmer. He married Sarah, daughter of Abner Flanders, a farmer and manufacturer, and a native of New Hampshire. For ten years he was coroner, and filled an unexpired term as sheriff. His death occurred in December, 1852. The mother, a native of New York, came with her parents to Illinois, settling near Equality; she died in 1875. Our subject, the eldest of four children, was reared and educated in Equality, chiefly, and took a course at Bartlett's Commercial College, Cincinnati. Until two years ago he was a farmer and teacher, when he engaged in his present general merchandise business. February 13, 1878, he married Juliet, daughter of John W. Clifton, a merchant, formerly of Ohio. She was born in Gallatin County in June, 1848. Their children are May, Delia, Martha J., Randall W., George A. and Robert C. Our subject is a Democrat, and he and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church. Their home is in Equality. Rev. Robert Marklin Davis. Rev. Robert Marklin Davis, son of Rev. William and Polly (Sebastian) Davis, was born in White County, 111., May 5, 1824. His parents were natives of North Carolina and Tennessee, respectively, and of Irish and AVelsh descent. They came to Illi- nois in 1811. Both his grandfathers were wounded in the war of the Revolution. His father. Rev. AVilliam Davis, dying when BIOGEAPHICAL APPENDIX. 535 he was thirteen years old, he was thrown upon his own resources, and was compelled to work upon the farm and obtain the most of his education by hard study at home, though he attended school two winters after he was married. He was received into the Cumberland Presbyterian Church October 21, 1839, and became a candidate for the ministry October 29, 1843. He was licensed to preach September 28, 1844, and ordained to the full work of the ministry March 31, 1849. Rev. Mr. Davis was sent as a home missionary to preach at several places within the limits of the Ewing Presbytery, and received many members into the church at Eagle Creek, Equality, Galatia, McLeansboro, New Haven and other places. He organized the Palestine Church near his own home in 1852, and has been its only pastor. He took charge of the village church in 1851, and preached there about twenty- six years. In 1855 he took charge of the Union Ridge Church, and has continued to be its pastor to the present time. He organized Oak Grove Church in 1860, and the New Haven Church in 1868. Assisted by Rev. J. M. Miller he organized the church at McLeansboro, became its pastor in 1876, and resigned the position in 1883. In 1879 he took charge of the Norris City Church, continuing its pastor until 1884. He organized the Hazel Ridge Church in 1883, assisted by Rev. William E. Davis, who afterward became its pastor. Since be- ginning his ministerial career he has not until recently had less than four churches under his charge and now he has three. He devotes nearly all of his time to reading, preaching and other church work, in which he has met with remarkable success, hav- ing received more than 2,000 into the church. One of the most notable incidents in his career was the reunion of the Cumber- land Presbyterian Churches at the " Old Village Church," Sep- tember 19, 1886, from which have sprung thirteen other churches. At this reunion about 1,200 people were present, all "seeming to realize that this was the annual gathering at Jerusalem to wor- 536 GALLATIN COUNTY. ship the God of their fathers and to covenant anew that they would continue in the good work." Rev. Mr. Davis officiated on that memorable occasion, reading Psalm Ixxxiv, and taking for his text Isa. xxxii : 20, upon the theme presented therein deliver- ing an eloquent and thrilling discourse. Eev. Mr, Davis was married to Miss Mary Sharp February 27, 1844, by whom he has four children: Prof. William Isaac Davis, a classical graduate of Lincoln University ; was president of Hamilton College five years, of the male seminary at Tallequa, Cherokee Nation, three years, and while here engaged was appointed by the Government to organize an Indian, school at Grand Junction, Col., where he is still engaged; M. M. and S. M. Davis are in the dry goods busi- ness in Omaha, 111., and Jennie, the only daughter, is at home, studying and teaching music, and she is also a very zealous worker in the W. C. T. U. Joseph Deone, Jr. Joseph Drone, Jr., farmer, was born in Ohio in 1842. He is one of ten children of Joseph and Margaret (Bartel) Drone, natives of France. The father, born about 1818, came to Ohio when about twelve years old with his father, Francis Drone, and in about 1839 was married. Since 1857 he has been a resident of Gallatin County, and now one of the most extensive farmers in Newmarket Precinct. The mother is still living, and both are mejnbers of the Catholic Church. Our subject was married, Jan- uary 22, 1865, to Mary C, daughter of Christopher and Barbara Grazier, natives of France. Nine out of eleven children born to them are living: Charley F., Mary M., Christopher B., Barbara J., Sarah L., Jos. A., Geo. W., Edward and Henry. Leaving Newmarket Precinct in 1879, he came to his present fine farm of 160 acres about three and one-half miles west of Shawneetown. He and his wife are influential members of the Catholic Church. biographical appendix. 537 Charles E. Dupler. Chas. E. Dupler, was born iu Cincinnati, February 4, 1849. His father, C. E., a native of France, when eighteen, came to Cincinnati, was a merchant tailor several years, and then married Mary E., daughter of John J. Kopp, hotel-keeper and a native of Germany. Their two children are Louis G. and our subject. The father, while traveling for his health, died at Evansville, Ind., February 9, 1853. The mother, born in Ger- many September 22, 1822, died at Shawneetown, July 12, 1885. Eeared and educated at the latter place since his fifth year, our subject graduated from Notre Dame, Ind., and September 80, 1873, married at McLeansboro, Fannie A., daughter of Jas. M. Lasater, a miller and merchant, and a native of Virginia, and who, from his eighteenth year, was sheriff for twelve years. Our subject is a member of the firm of Hargrave & Dupler, produce dealers, and one of the rising business men. His only daughter, Eva Dee, was born October 7, 1875. His wife was born July 19, 1850, at Shawneetown. He is a Democrat in politics, a member of the F. & A. M., and he and his wife are members of the Presby- terian Church. His home has one of the most elevated sites in Equality. Notley Duvall. Notley Duvall, farmer, Avas born in Shawneetown Precinct in 1830, a son of William and Elizebeth (Timmons) Duvall, natives of Kentucky. The father, of French ancestry, spent the latter part of his life as a farmer in Gallatin County, and died in 1834. The mother died about 1840. Left an orphan on his own resources at the age of ten, our subject had few advantages and worked hard at whatever he could find. The gold fever took him to California in 1852, and after three years of mining he returned to his native country. In 1858 he married a daughter of Henry and Caroline Gill, and a native of Gallatin County. Nine of their ten children are living: Henry, Addie (wife of E. 538 GALLATIN COUNTY. Moore), Notley, Jr., Charley, Richard, Harry, Victor, Jacob and June. He has since lived on his present farm of 270 acres,^ improved, and about four miles from Shawneetown, Formerly a Whig, since his vote for Freemont has been a Republican. He is a member of the K. of H..and I. O. O. F. lodges. Henry Eaenshaw. Henry Earnshaw, farmer and merchant, was born in 1843 in Yorkshire, England, one of two children of Rollin and Mary Earn- shaw. The father, born about 1820 in the same shire, was a carpenter and joiner, and died about 1846. The mother, born in 1825, still in the same shire also, is still living. Educated in his native land, our subject came to America in 1864, and enlisted in the United States Navy as seaman on the steamer " Grand Gulf." He was honorably discharged in 1865, and, coming to Gallatin County, began his present mercantile life at Saline Mines, where he does a good business, and besides owns 20O acres of improved land. In 1869 he married Amelia, daughter of F. A. and Catherine Spieler, and born about 1853 in Auglaise County, Ohio. Their seven children are Mary E., Annie, Joshua W., Emma, Willy, George H. and Raliegh. In politics he is a Republican, and is a Master Mason. Lieut. J. M. Eddy. Lieut. J. M. Eddy was born in Shawneetown Precinct May 2^. 1830, one of six children of Henry and Mary J. (Marshall) Eddy. The father was of English ancestry and born in Vermont. He was of the same family as Samuel and John Eddy, followers of Roger Williams. Henry was a son of Nathan Eddy, who was in the defense of Bennington in the Revolution. Reared in New York, when quite young Henry learned the printer's trade in Pittsburgh, Penn., and was in the war of 1812. He went to Shaw- neetown in 1818, and was there married. For several years he wa&r BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 539 editor of the Illinois Emigranf, of Shawneetown, and while in Pittsburgh, having studied law under Judge Hall, he afterward became one of the first lawyers of Gallatin County. He died in 1848. The mother was born at Vincennes, Ind., and died about 1877, a member of the Presbyterian Church. Educated at South Hanover, Ind., our subject served in 1862-63 as first lieutenant in Company C, Twenty-ninth Illinois Infantry, mostly on Gen. McClernand's staff, and was his aide-de-camp at Belmont, Mo. On account of disability, he was discharged after the battle of Fort Donelson. In November, 1868, he married Mrs. Minerva Fuller, daughter of James and Julia Butts. She was a native of Ala- bama, and died in 1870. They had one child, John F. Since 1881 Mr. Eddy has lived on his present fine farm of seventy acres near Shawneetown; elected sheriff of Gallatin County in 1862; has also served as provost-marshal. He is a member of the G. A. K. Formerly a Whig, he has since he voted for Douglas been a Kepublican. His son is in college. Conrad O. Edwards. Conrad O. Edwards, proprietor and publisher of The Local Tlecord of Shawneetown, was born in 1844 in the same place, the son of William and Susan O. Edwards. The father, who was of Welsh descent, was born in 1800 on Chesapeake Bay, St. Mary's County, Md., married in 1831 and came to Shawneetown where he worked as cabinet-maker and carpenter. About 1851 he became editor and publisher of The Souihern Illinois Advo- cate, but soon with new material, merged with it the Southern Illi- noisian with the firm name of Edwards & Son, the son being associ- ate editor. Mr. Edwards, the elder, was deputy United States assessor for some time. He died in 1877. His wife, born in Jefferson County, Va., in 1811, died in 1876. Our subject, one of nine children born to them, was educated at Shawneetown, and 540 GALLATIN COUNTY. since twelve years of age has been engaged in the line of print- ing office work almost entirely. July, 1873, he established the Home News afterward enlarged and changed to Shawnee News with J. K. Kidlete as partner. A year later he sold out and founded The Local Record in December, 1877, which, started as independent in politics, became, what it now is, thoroughly Democratic. In 1879 he married Elizebeth A., a native of Illinois, and daughter of August Jam ; their children are Bessie, Alice, John M. and Susan T. The Edwards family are of old Eevolutionary stock, coming originally from Wales and England under a Lord Balti- more. William's mother's brother, John Mills, was under Gen. Gates, at Camdem, and another brother under John Paul Jones. William's two aunts married husbands in the line of the ancestry of Mrs. Gen. Grant. Judge Ajax Fillingin, Judge Ajax Fillingin, farmer, an old resident of Gallatin •County, was born in North Carolina in 1811. He is the son of Enoch and Hester (Campbell) Fillingin. The father, a native of Yirginia, went to North Carolina when a boy, and some years later moved to Indiana, where he died about 1822. The mother, of Irish origin, was born in North Carolina and died about 1853, nearly seventy-seven years old. Our subject was educated near his home in North Carolina, and when a young man married Nancy Moye, who died about 1843. They had four children, one living in Indiana and the others near their father. After his first wife's death he married her sister Louisa Moye, who died in 1880. They had two children. Since 1856 our subject has been in Gallatin County as carpenter, and mason, but farmed chiefly. Mr. Fillingin has been a public worker in his county, and held the office of associate justice for a time. He is a Democrat. In November, 1884, he married for the third time. BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 541 J. B. Gates. J. B. Gates, farmer, was born in 1840 in Saline County, the son of Squire and Sarah (Kice) Gates. The father, of Irish origin, went to Middle Tennessee in early life, and after his marriage, came to Gallatin County, and finally settled in Saline County where he died in 1851. The mother, born in Tennessee in 1806, died in 1875. Both were members of the United Brethren Church. Our subject, reared in Saline County, was married, in February, 1860, to Almira, daughter of Harvey and Maria Kanady, of Gallatin County, where she was born in 1837. Of their ten children, six are living : Hester E. ; Mollie, wife of J. L. Ashly of Saline County, Jos. A., Walter B., Emma and Samuel M. Mrs. Gates died in Jan- uary, 1875. He then married Sallie McCoo, a native of Gallatin County. Five of their six children are living : Gertrude, Bessie, Ethel, Frederick F. and Grover C. Since the first year of his mar- ried life in Saline County, Gallatin County has been his home. He purchased his present home of forty acres in 1875. Enlisting in August, 1862, in Company D, One Hundred and Twentieth Illi- nois Infantry, he was discharged eight months later on account of disability. He was township trustee for eight years. He is a Democrat in politics, a member of the G. A. R., and for several years deacon in the Baptist Church of which his wife is a mem- ber. William Jefferson Gatewood. William Jefferson Gatewood was born in Warren County, Ky., and moved to Franklin County, 111., while yet a boy. He was of great buoyancy and elasticity of disposition, which enabled him to overcome a thousand obstacles. He was of a remarkably robust and vigorous constitution. About 1823 he moved to Shawneetown, having previously acquired a good English and classical education. In Shawneetown he taught school two or three years, devoting his leisure hours to the study of the law. Admitted to the bar in 1828, he rapidly rose to dis- 542 GALLATIN COUNTY. tinction in his profession. He represented Gallatin County in the Legislature several times, both in the House of Kepresentatives and in the Senate. He possessed a kind and benevolent heart, and justice was always before his eye. So strongly was he attached to justice that he often combatted the opinions of the judges, which were favorable to his own side of the case, because he believed them to be at variance with the law, which was to him the medium through which justice was to be attained. He died January 8, 1842, leaving a widow and four children. RiCHAED Gill. Kichard Gill, farmer, was born in Gallatin County in 1835, the son of Henry and Caroline (Thompson) Gill. The father, of Dutch-Irish ancestry, was born in Indiana in 1810, a son of David Gill, a native of Pennsylvania. Moving with his father to Gallatin County, Henry soon married, in about 1828, and spent the rest of his life as a farmer. He died in 1866. The mother, still living, was born in Gallatin County in 1814. Both were members of the Baptist Church. Our subject received a com- mon school education, and in 1858 married Mrs. Julia F. Thomp- son, daughter of Conrad and Luna Wagor, and born in New York in 1827. Mr. Gill has since lived on his present fine farm of 160 acres, three miles from Shawneetown. Always a Democrat, he cast his first vote for James Buchanan. Anthony Gross. Anthony Gross, farmer, was born in Pennsylvania in 1838. He is the son of Andrew and Elizabeth (Whitmire) Gross, both natives of Germany. They came to Pennsylvania about 1835, and, after about twenty years' residence there, removed to Perry County, Mo., where the parents died, the father in the fall and the mother in the spring of 1876. In 1864 our subject married Zilpha Perry, a native of Tennessee, and who died in December, BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 543 1876. Their five children are still living. In May, 1878, he married Mary M., daughter of W. D. and Elizabeth C. Brown, born in Gallatin County in 1847. They have two children. Mr. Gross has always been successfully engaged in agriculture, and came to Gallatin County about 1870. He is a Republican in politics, and his wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. August 7, 1861, he enlisted in Company K, Eighth Missouri Infantry, under Col. M. L. Smith, and was mustered in at St. Louis. He participated in the battles at Forts Donelson and Henry, Sliiloh, Corinth, and Arkansas Post, besides many minor engagements. Discharged on account of disability, he returned home in December, 1863. H. Harrington. H, Harrington, junior member of the firm of Allen & Har- rington, merchants, was born in Gallipolis, Ohio, in 1854, the son of M. and Jemimah (Irion) Harrington. The father, of English stock, born in 1815, in New York, was a farmer and trader, and when married lived in Gallia County, Ohio. In 1860 he located near New Haven, this county. He bought about 600 acres and was a prosperous farmer until his death in 1883. The mother was born in North Carolina in 1821 and is still living. Five of eleven children are living. Our subject, the seventh, was educated at Shawneetown and attended the normal at Leb- anon, Ohio, for two years, and for seven years after was a successful teacher in Gallatin County. He clerked for T, B. Allen for three years from 1879, when the firm became Allen & Harrington, as above mentioned. They keep a first-class stock of general mer- chandise and are both able business men. He is a Republican, and first voted for Hayes. He is a Knight Templar, a member of the I. O. O. F. and Eastern Star. 544 gallatin county. Willis B. Haegrave. Willis B. Hargrave was born in White County, 111., near Carmi, Aiigust 3, 1825. His father, George B., was born in Butler County, Ky., in 1798, and came to Illinois when seven- teen years old. He lived in Gallatin County two years. White County fourteen years, and finally settled in Equality. He was sheriff of White County eight years, but after returning^ to Equality he preferred the privacy of farming, and died in December, 1841. About 1819 he married Lucinda McHenry, a native of Kentucky. The mother died in 1836 near Equality. Our subject, the third of nine children, received a good education in the common schools, and besides farming has been a member of the firm of Hargrave & Duplee, the leading produce dealers of the place, and is partner in a fine roller process flouring-milL He served six months in the Mexican war, and was discharged at Camp Mear, on the Eio Grande. He enlisted in the Third Illinois Cavalry as private, afterward as first lieutenant, and was -at Pea Eidge, also near Vicksburg, and wounded at Champion Hill, disabling him a short time. After two years and a half he resigned his commission at Port Hudson on account of ill health. June 15, 1848, he married Sarah A., daughter of Richard Craw, a farmer and native of New York. Their children, Alma L. and George R., are both deceased. She was born in White County, January 6, 1831, He is a stanch Republican and was an active- Odd Fellow. He and his wife are Methodists, He resides in Equality, and owns 325 acres near there. W. C. AND B. R. Harsha. W. C. and B. R. Harsha, of Shawneetown, were born, the for- mer in 1852 in Beaver County, Penn., and the latter in 1861 in Washington County, Ohio. They are sons of Dr. J. M. and Mary (Dawson) Harsha, the former of German descent, and born in Beaver County, Penn., in 1819. The father was educated for BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 545 engineering and surveying, but after graduating at Harrisburg Medical College, he practiced medicine at about the age of twenty years. After practicing in Beaver County, Penn., and Washing- ton County, Ohio, in May, 1873, he came to Shawneetown. In eighteen months he went to Reno County, Kas., where he died in 1885. Thelast forty years he also engaged in surveying and construction ; was railway agent for the Marietta & Cincinnati Rail- road at Cutler, Ohio, about seventeen years; county surveyor irr Reno County, Kas., four years, and also in the lumber business- in Ohio for several years ; he was successful and enterprising in alL He was married three times, Mary Dawson being his second wifev She was born in 1828, in Beaver County, Penn., and died in 1861. She was Scotch in origin. Three sons: John P., William C, and Benoni R., are residents of Shawneetown. The first born in 1849 was appointed Ohio & Mississippi Railway agent in 1870. He married A. A. Campbell. Their four children are Ruth, May, John and Clyde, William C, proprietor of the wharf boat, and assistant agent for the Ohio & Mississippi Railway since 1872 until a year ago, married Minnie Carpenter in November, 1886. Benoni R., ice dealer, was for two years express messenger and two years brakeman on the Ohio & Mississippi Railway. He married Annie Egbert in September, 1886. The brothers are Republican in politics, and solid citizens. James H. Hemphill. James H. Hemphill, agent and operator, Ohio & Missis- sippi Railway, Ridgway, 111., was born in Gallatin County, in this township, July 8, 1860. He is the son of John F. and Mary E. (Glass) Hemphill, natives of Pope County, 111. The father, a farmer and carpenter, came to the county in the fifties. He was a soldier in the Federal Army and died in service at Memphis, Tenn. The mother died July 3, 1884. Our subject was reared on the farm with his mother, and secured a common school 546 GALLATIN COUNTY. education. In 1881 he began telegraphy, and in 1882 was made operator at Ridgway, his present position, which he efficiently fills. _ After March 1, 1887, he was agent for the Baltimore & Ohio Express Company, until it was replaced by the Adams Company, whose agent he now is. May 1, 1887, he was made station agent which he ably fills. November 22, 1883, he mar- ried Maggie J., daughter of Jas. M. Bean. Their two children are Vesta Joy and Mary Irene. He is Republican in politics, and since April, 1886, has served as village clerk. He and his wife are members of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, and he is justly recognized as one of the leading young , citizens of Ridg- way. Henry Hill. Henry Hill, farmer and stock dealer, was born in 1846, in Saline County, 111., one of nine children of James and Levina (Harris) Hill. The father, a farmer, was born in Tennessee in 1825, and came to Saline County, 111., when a young man, and after marriage bought eighty acres of land where he lived at his death in 1869. He served four years as magistrate." The mother was born in Saline County in 1825, and died in 1855. With common school advantages, and beginning as a poor boy, our sub- ject has become the owner of 458 acres of fine land. In 1879 he married Mrs. Martha McCue, daughter of James and Mary Keurek, born in 1851 in Gallatin County. She has three children by her first marriage: James y,, Rachel S. and Mattie McCue. Mr. Hill served as county commissioner for three years after 1884. Politically he is a Democrat. Dr. M. S. Jones. Dr. M. S. Jones, physician and surgeon at Shawneetown, was born in 1840 in that place. He is the son of James M. and Arte- mesia (Wilson ) Jones. The great-grandfather of our subject, exiled from Scotland, came to America with the Huguenots, and one son BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 547 settled in Louisiana and the other in Virginia, of which branch comes our subject. The grandfather, Kichard, lived in Virginia where his son James M. was born in 1793. James visiting Ken- tucky with an uncle in a surveying party, was so pleased with the vicinity of Lexington, that he soon settled in Fayette County, Ky., where he was married. He Avas a tailor by trade, but began farming near Kichmond, Ky., about 1826. He was ensign in the Black Hawk war of 1832, and died in 1845. His wife, of English origin, was born in Kentucky in 1801, and died in 1851. She was an aunt of Maj.-Gen. Harrison Wilson and a descendant of ex-President Harrison. Our subject, a mere boy when his father died, was reared and educated by J. W. Norton, a brother-in-law, and a native of Baltimore, Md. Mr. Norton, a shoe manufacturer and merchant, came to Shawneetown in 1844, and afterward was receiver of public money, in Fillmore's administration, and city judge. Dr. Jones graduated from Eush Medical College, Chicago, 111., in 1865, and entered the regular United States Army as sur- geon, and after spending two years on the Eio Grande in Texas he resigned, and for the past twenty years has been a physician in Gallatin County. He is a Eepublican politically, a mem- ber of the F. & A. M., being Sublime Prince of Eoyal Secret, and has taken twenty-two degrees in the same class as Gen. Logan. He is also Encampment member of the L O. O. F. and for several years has been president of the Board of Examin- ing Surgeons of the United States Pension office of Gallatin County. Moses Kanady. Moses Kanady, one of the leading farmers and stock dealers of South Shawneetown District, was born there in 1828, the oldest son of J. J. and Mary (Sherwood) Kanady. The father, of Irish origin, was born in 1804 in Kentucky, and died in 1875, and was the son of Moses Kanady. The latter was a native of Kentucky ; wa^^ a pioneer of 1818 in Gallatin County. Mr. Kanady's great- 548 GALLATIN COUNTY. grandfather, Peter Kanady, lived in a fort in Kentucky for a long time. He was married twice. One of liis sons, Peter^ was an Indian captive about thirteen years, after which he returned home and became a good citizen and father. The father of our subject married in 1827, and became one of the self-made men of Gallatin County, serving several terms as associate judge and township treasurer. The mother was about the age of her husband, and was born in Maryland. She died in March, 1859. Both were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Our subject was educated in the common schools at home; was mar- ried, in September, 1849, to Elizabeth, daughter of Samuel and Sophia Seaton, of Gallatin County, where she was born in 1826. Seven of their eight children are living: George W., Fatima (wife of Nathaniel Floyd, of Union City, Ky.), Hester (now Mrs. Dr. J. Fair, of Shawneetown), Ida (wife of H. C. Strickland), Edgar, Johnson and U. Grant. He has since been a resident of his present farm of 240 acres in Sections 29 and 32. He is a suc- cessful and valued citizen, and has been almost entirely a self- made man, inheriting but little of his fortune. He is a Democrat in politics, and his wife is a member of the Baptist Church. Lieut. Wash. Kanady. • Lieut. Wash. Kanady, one of the leading farmers and stock dealers of Shawneetown Precinct, was born there in 1839. He is the son of John J. and Mary (Sherwood) Kanady, for sketch of whom see the biography of Moses Kanady. Our subject, reared at home and educated at Pleasant Grove school, was married, in March, 1861, to Ludica, daughter of John and Mary P. Eeid of Shawneetown. They have six children: John R., Claudie, Wash- ington J., Maud, Pearl and Moses. He was first lieutenant in Company D, One Hundred and Twentieth Illinois Infantry ; served at Vicksburg, Austin, Miss., and a number of skirmishes after the war's close. He has since lived on his fine farm of 120 acres BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 549 in Section 29. Formerly a Democrat, he has been a Republican since the war. He is a member of the G. A. K. and of the Old School Presbyterian Church. Victor Karcher. Yictor Karcher, contractor and builder, of the firm Karcher & Scanland, "^as born in Baden, Germany, in 1832, the son of Baltaser and Anastasia (Eeiling) Karcher, also natives of Baden. Their deaths occurred in 1850, at the age of seventy-six and seventy-five years respectively; the father was a farmer. Our subject, the youngest of nine children, was educated in his native land from six to fourteen years of age. He was then apprenticed for two and a half years as cabinet-maker, and afterward was for four years a journeyman cabinet-maker in the various cities of Germany. He was drafted into a nine months' army service, and wounded in the left arm. After the war the soldiers went to Zurich, Switzerland, where he remained, working at his trade two years. In 1851, he went to France, and was in Paris when Louis Napoleon declared himself emperor. He left in six days for Havre, and then embarked for America. He was fifty-nine days afloat, and went from New Orleans to Shawneetown at once, where he resumed his trade. In May, 1856, he began contract- ing and building with his present partner, and also undertaking. In 1869, they started a planing-mill and sash, door and blind factory, and have now been in an undisturbed harmonious part- nership for thirty-one years. They have erected most of the buildings now to be seen in Shawneetown, and are still doing nearly all that work. In 1861 he married Maggie, daughter of Peter McMurchey, born in Shawneetown. She died in 1871, and in October, 1873, he married Mary R. Zachmeier, a native of Franklin County, Ind. Their children are Thomas, Victor a,nd Carl. He is a conservative Democrat, and was the first Knight Templar in Shawneetown. He and his wife belong to 550 GALLATIN COUNTY. the Catholic Church. In 1881, they went by av ay of Washington, receiving the passport from Secretary Blaine, and made a four months' visit to their fatherland across the ocean. D. M. KiNSALL. D. M. Kinsall State's attorney of Gallatin County, was born in the southwest part of White County in 1852, the gon of Thomas and Malinda E. (Harrell) Kinsall, the father a farmer and of German origin was born in 1827 in Gallatin County. Th& grandfather, John Kinsall, a native of Tennessee, came very early to Gallatin County with two brothers, Benjamin and Will- iam, and all settled in the northern part of the county. John was one of the first commissioners of the county, was in the bat- tle of New Orleans in 1815, where he received a ball in his leg from a gun of the enemy, which he carried until his death in the year 1853. In 1851 Thomas married and settled in the southwest of White County. In 1853 he removed to Bear Creek Township, Gallatin County, where he has since resided on his farm, except four years past he has resided in Omaha. His wife was born in White County, 111., in 1829, and died in 1876. Their five living children are our subject; Alvin H., a teacher; John H., a farmer; Sftmuel S., a farmer, and Jennie. Educated in the com- mon schools, our subject, in 18 ."0, began teaching, and continued four sessions. In 1872 he attended five months at Fairfield High School. Then at different times from 1872 to 1875 he was deputy assessor of Gallatin County during which he studied law also. In 1874 he entered the law department at Bloomington (Ind. ) State University and continued one year, then, after teach- ing one term, he entered the law office of Hon. K. W. Townshend and studied one year. In 1877 he was admitted to the bar at Mt. Vernon, 111., and began the practice in the above office while Hon. R. W. Townshend was in Congress. In April, 1879, he was elected city attorney of Shawneetown, 111., for two years. BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 551 In September of same year he was appointed master in chan- cery for two years. November 3, 1880, he was elected State's attorney and re-elected without opposition in 1884. He is one of the ablest lawyers in the county. November 27, 1883, he married Edith, daughter of A. K. and Cassandra J. Lowe, of Shawneetown. He is a Democrat, first voting for Tilden. He is a Mason. His wife is a member of the Presbyterian Church. Benjamin Kinsall. Benjamin Kinsall was born in 1824, the son of John and Elizabeth B. (Hancock) Kinsall, natives of Tennessee and Ken- tucky respectively. The father was in the Creek Indian war, and wounded in the leg, unnoticed until his attention was called to it. He afterward served in the war of 1812, and with Jack- son. The grandfather, of English descent, came from North Carolina to Tennessee. The mother was of Irish descent, daughter of John Hancock, a native of Virginia. The father, when about eighteen, left the farm and engaged at Weed's Salt Works as wood-chopper, and with two friends bought a barge load of salt on credit to ship South, but on the way the barge was sunk by a snag and the three and a negro swam to shore, Mr. Kinsall sav- ing his hat and the negro an overcoat belonging to one of them ; the rest lost their hats. The debt of $300 which this disaster left for Mr. Kinsall, threatened to disarrange his plans for mar- riage which was to be consummated on his return. He soon saved enough money at the salt works to clear himself, and moved into White County and rented a farm, and two years later to near Shawneetown where he farmed two years, and finally settled east of Omaha, where he and his wife died within six months of each other, both in their sixty-third year. The family were educated in the pioneer subscri[)tion schools of that day in log houses. Our subject, however, educated himself mostly after his marriage with books at home, and taught scliool about eight 552 GALLATIN COUNT V:. years and farming with his brother. He was a member of the county court from 1869 to 1875, and is the present postmaster at Omaha, appointed in 1887. August 20, 1845, he married Sarah, daughter of John and Elizabeth (Shaw) Kinsall, natives of Tennessee. Two of their seven children are living: Monroe, teach- ing in Gallatin County, and Sarilda, wife of Silas Cook, county clerk. He encouraged war measures and assisted in looking after the wants of the sick and helpless. He and his wife are members of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. He is a worthy citizen and in politics a Democrat. William M. Kinsall. William M. Kinsall was born June 3, 1821, the son of John and Elizabeth B. (Hancock) Kinsall, for an account of whose life and ancestry see the biography of Benjamin Kinsall, Our subject was married to Eliza J., daughter of James K. and Susan Abney, in March, 1844-. One of their three children is living, Eliza J., who married Robert Whittiugtou in May, 1872, and after his death married J. Carsey; James A., died in August, 1880, and one child in infancy. Our subject's wife died, October, 1851. In November, 1853, he married Polly M., daughter of Cader Harrell, a prominent farmer of White County. Their ten children are Hiram C, Barbara A., Mary E. (wife of Alex. McGehee, farmer), Edgar B., Rosetta E., Margaret S., Mahala C, Laura M., Benjamin and Nellie. Mr. Kinsall was reared on his father's farm and educated in White County. He has been a farmer all his life and owns a fine farm east of Omaha, 111. He is a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church and likewise his family. He is a Democrat and a worthy citizen. R. A. Lamb. R. A. Lamb, farmer, near Ridgway, 111., was born in Gallatin County in 1836. He is one of five children of John and Eliza- BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 558 beth (Dillard) Lamb. The father was a blacksmith and farmer, came to Gallatin County when a young • man, and there spent his life. He died in September, 1846, about forty-one years of age. The mother was born in 181G, and now resides in New- Market Precinct. Our subject received the education of the schools near his home, and in December, 1853, he. was mar- ried. His wife was Maria, daughter of John AV. and Elender Hancock, born in Gallatin County in 1834. Her death occurred in September, 1885. Their eight children are all liv- ing. Mr. Lamb located where he now resides in 1865, and has 130 acres of valuable, improved land. He is a public-spirited man, is politically a Republican, and is a member of the Cumber- land Presbyterian Church. Prof. C. J. Lemen. Prof. C. J. Lemen, superintendent of public schools of Shaw- neetown, was born in Madison County, 111., in 1843. He is the son of Josiah and Laurine (Gay) Lemen, natives of Madison County, 111. The great-grandfather, James Lemen, of Scotch- Irish descent, came to Illinois when his son Robert was three years old, and settled near Waterloo. He was with Gen. Wash- ington at Yorktown. The grandfather, Robert, was a native of Yirginia. The father lived his whole life in Madison County, a farmer by occupation. The mother, after his death, married W. Berry, of St. Louis, and is yet living. Our subject was an only child. Educated at St. Louis, he became a teacher at seventeen in St. Clair County. Enlisting August 27, 1862, in Company G, Twenty-fifth Regiment, Iowa Infantry, for three years or for the war, he took part in Arkansas Post, Haynes Bluff, Vicksburg, Lookout Mountain, Atlanta and "march to the sea." With the exception of six years as druggist in Collinsville, 111., he has been teaching since the war: principal at Caseyville three years, at Belleville two years, and since 1883 in his present position. 554 GALLATIN COUNTY. In April, 1868, he married Sarah Caswell Smith, of Ottawa, a native of New York. Their children are Mary L., Mabel C, and William C. Prof. Lemen is one of the leading educators of southern Illinois, and in his especial study of ornithology has made a fine collection of over 100 different varieties. He has been observer for the Smithsonian Institute for four years, and for the State weather service in conuection with the United States Signal Service. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church. J. J. LOGSDON. J. J. Logsdon, farmer, was born in Eipley County, Ind., in 1838, the eldest of five children of Thos. B. and Mary (Muir) Logsdon. The father, a native of Gallatin County, who died when our subject was nine years old, went, when a young man, to Ripley County, Ind., where he married and passed his life as farmer and grocer, as the latter of which he was buying goods in Cincinnati at the time of his death. The mother was also born in Ripley County in 1818, and about nine years her husband's junior; she died in 1881, a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. AVith few educational advantages our subject, when nineteen, came to Gallatin County and engaged for some time as. farm hand. With the exception of the years from 1865 to 1868- in Kentucky, Gallatin County has been his home. March 21, 1861, he married Nancy A,, daughter of Jos. and Margaret Logs- don. They had two children, both dead, Mrs. Logsdon died in 1868, and in 1865 he married Mrs. Prudence James, daughter of Jos. L. and Jane Muir. Seven of their nine children are living: MaryM., Prudence A., Fannie M. and William (deceased), Robert and Rosa (twins), Jos., Thos. and James, Jr. With the exception of about two years in Kentucky in the grocery business our sub- ject has been on his present farm of 8-40 acres since 1869. He is extensively engaged in stock dealing also. He has always beea a Democrat, voting first for Douglas. BIOGEAPHICAL APPENDIX. OOCV J. E. LOGSDON. J. E. Logsdou, farmei^nd stock dealer, was born in Shawiiee- town Precinct in 1853. He is one of eight children of Thos. and Margaret Logsdon. The father was born in Ripley County, Ind., in 1820, the son of Thos. Logsdon, Sr., of Irish ancestry. Coming to Gallatin County when a young man the father was married in 1843, and spent the remainder of his life there, the most extensive land holder in the county, and a large stock dealer. He died in 1864. The mother was born in Gallatin County in 1828 and is still living, a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. Our subject finished his education at Notre Dame, Ind. In 1883 he married Edith, daughter of John E. and Lucy Rearden, of Gallatin County, where Mrs. Logsdon was born. Their two children are Eugene and Maud. He is now living on the farm on which he was reared. He owns about 2,600 acres of land, one of the largest land owners in the county. He is also largely interested in stock dealing, and is a successful finan- cier. He is a Democrat, casting his first vote for Tilden. William Hick Loomis. William Hick Loomis, postmaster of Shawneetown, appointed by President Cleveland August 16, 1886, is the son of Jaines R. and Eleanor L. Loomis, both of Scotch and English descent, the former born April 9, 1836, in Mount Vernon, Ind., and the latter born at Equality, 111., in November, 1837. After marriage, when living in Equality, the father served as clerk in the adjutant-gen- eral's office at Springfield, and from 1863 was appointed for a part of one and elected for two terms as circuit court clerk of Gallatin Count3\ Before his second term expired he was elected to the State Legislature, but soon died in 1874, and was buried on his thirty-eighth birthday. Of his seven childi-eu five are living: Lucy, wife of Thomas Patterson; our subject, James, Nellie, and Guy, assistant postmaster. Our subject, born in 556 » GALLATIN COUNTY. Equality February 4, 1861, and educated in Shawneetown, began life for himself at thirteen, being compelled to do so by the death of his father, and to help his mother raise the large family of children, he being the eldest boy. clerking in T. S. Day's book store. After two years here, in 1877, he began a five years' clerkship for J. D. Richeson, dealer in general merchandise. In 1882 he was appointed deputy county clerk, and in eight months was made assistant postmaster under Mrs. S. Edwards, whose commission as postmaster expired August 7, 1886, and Mr. Loomis assumed the duties of the office August 21, 1886. He is a member of K. of H. lodge. No. 1708, and belongs to the Pres- byterian Church. September 13, 1883, he married Maggie, daughter of T. J. Spivey, who was born near Bowlesville, 111., June 10, 1862. Her father, T. J. Spivey, was a native of North Carolina. William E., their only child, was born June 25, 1884. While filling the position of assistant postmaster, he made the race for the Democratic nomination for circuit clerk of Gallatin County in 1884. Although unsuccessful, he had just cause for being proud of the race he made, he being the second out of the five candidates running for the office, and only twenty- three years of age at the time. Judge Angus M. L. McBane. Judge Angus M.L. McBane, merchant at Shawneetown, was born in 1837 in Parkersburg, W. Va. He is the son of Dr. A. M. L. and Ellen (Willard) McBane. The former, of Scotch descent, was born in 1808 in Cannonsburg, Penn., and the latter, of Eng- lish and French descent, was born in New York. The father, after graduating in medicine and traveling in Europe, began practicing in Louisville, Ky. Here he married about 1836 and moved to Parkersburg, W. Va., and in 1842, with his brother, William McBane, bought 1,600 acres of land where Metropolis City now is, and 600 acres on the Kentucky side, where he died BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 557 July 3, 1860. He had an extensive practice and influence in his profession. The mother's father, Rev. Joseph Willard, a descendant of Maj. Simon Willard, of Boston's early history, was an Episcopal minister in Newark, N. J., in 1806, and died at Marietta, Ohio. Their children were William A., Marietta and Angus, now living, our subject, who was five years old when they came to Metropolis City. " Bob " Ingersoll was his instructor, whose letter of inquiry for the schools, May 16, 1853, is in Mr. McBane's possession. " Bob " allowed our subject to do the greater part of the teaching, while Latin and history occupied his own attention. Princeton Academy (N. Y. ) was one of his educators also. After studying law under Hon. Cyrus G. Simons and W. H. Green, of Cairo, 111., he graduated from the laAv department of Louisville, Ky., in 1860, and immediately began practice at Metropolis City. After a year in Shawneetown, he was elected county judge in 1865. Since 1877 he has been devoted to his profession and present extensive business. In 1862 he married Mary, daughter of John D. Richeson, of Shawneetbwn, her native place. She is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, while Mr. McBane is an Episcopalian, a member of the K. of H., and in politics a Douglas Democrat. . His war history is as fol- lows: He organized two Federal companies, one fi'om White County, 111., Capt. Goslin, the other from Ford's Ferry, Ky., Capt. Young, and placed them with the Forty-eighth Illinois at Camp Butler. On account of his father's death leaving him in charge of the family, he was able only to go South with the Adams Express Company from Paducah to Pittsburg Landing with Grant's forces, and consequently was at the great battle of Shiloh. Edgar Mills. Edgar Mills, of Ridgway, was born in Shawneetown, 111., August 31, 1843, the son of Edgar, Sr., and Sarah J. (Ridgway) Mills. The father, with four brothers, came from New York in ^58 GALLATIN COUNTY. 1838. He located in Shawneetown and married a sister of Thos. S. Ridgway; she died in 18G3. He was a merchant and died in 1846, after which the mother married Silas Hemingway, by whom she had one daughter, Harriett. Our subject's only brother died July 4, 1862, at Memphis, Tenn., a soldier of the Sixth Illinois "Cavalry. With a fair education gained in his native place, our subject when a youth became a clerk for his uncles, the Ridgways. He served four months in Company B, Eighteenth Regiment Illi- nois Infantry, in the quartermaster's department, and for the four years after 1866 he was traveling salesman for a wholesale dry- goods house in Evansville, Ind. In 1870, in company with B. F. Wacfofener, he started a general merchandise store in Shawnee- town, but after four years a Mr. Peeples became his partner, and in 1877 Mr. Mills withdrew and began merchandising in Ridg- way. Since 1885 he has been devoted to the grain business, and was postmaster from 1881 to 1886. He is a Rer)ublican in poli- tics, and was for several years member of the city council of Shawneetown, and its mayor for four years. He is the only Repub- lican ever elected commissioner in this county ; he was elected in 1875, and served the unexpired term of his predecessor and a term •of his own. In 1865 he married Miss Z. Hunter, a daughter of Mathew Hunter, a well known contractor of Shawneetown. Jan- uary 16, 1872, he married Eva, sister of his first wife. She died October 23, 1884, and August 24, 1886, he married Sophronia, daughter of J. A. Crawford, of Ridgway. By his second mar- riage he had five children: Hunter (deceased), Ridgway, Ruth, Ella and Laura. He has been identified with public enterprises for the last twenty-five years. R. L. MiLLSPAUGH. R. L. Millspaugh, circuit clerk and recorder of Gallatin County, was born in White County in 1850, and is the son of Dr. John and Sarah (Bogan) Millspaugh, the former, of German BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 559 descent, born in 1815 in Simpson County, Ky., and the latte;-, of Irish descent, in the same county in 1814. The grandfather, Daniel Millspaugh, was a native of Orange County, N. Y., came to Kentucky in 1808, and was in the war of 1812. After his marriage in 1836, Dr. John Millspaugh moved to White County, 111., in 1838, and finally settled near Equality, 111., in 1876. After eight years' merchandising in White County he began his practice of medicine. As the Doctor was nick-named " Shad " the settle- ment about his store received its present name of Shadville. His grandfathers were both soldiers of the Revolution, one having his arm shot off. Of twelve children, these are living: James W., grain dealer; Margaret E,, wdf e of Thos. Joyner; Cynthia A,, wife of A. A. Gosset; Emily; Danl. S., farmer; John M,, farmer; Wil- liam L., farmer, and Albert C, deputy circuit clerk. Our subject came to Gallatin County in 1869, and in 1871 became superintendent of Levee Improvement at Shawneetown. In 1874 he was appointed deputy sheriff, and served eight years, and in 1876 also elected constable, serving six years, then in 1884 elected to his present position. In 1879 he married Jennie, daughter of Sidney Addison, who was born in 1861 in Gallatin County, They have two children : May and Volney. His wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he is not a member of any church. Politically he is a Democrat, and a good officer. James W. Millspaugh. James W. Millspaugh, ticket and freight agent of the Louisville & Nashville Railway of Shawneetown, was born in 1840, the eldest son of Dr. John and Sarah (Bogan) Millspaugh, for history of whom see sketch of R. L. Millspaugh. James W., after his education in the public schools of White County, at sixteen became a teacher and so continued for five years. In 1861 he came to Shawnee- town and clerked for Martin & Inman one year, and the follow- ing three years for Chester & Powell, wholesale grocers and 560 GALLATIN COUNTY. liquor dealers. He was in Cairo one year, and he and Mr. Powell in 1866 started a grocery. He sold out the following year, and until 1881 was wharfboating. In 1872 he was elected circuit clerk and recorder of Gallatin County for four years. In 1882 he began speculating in grain, and in November waa appointed to his present position. In 1867 he married Sina, daughter of JohnE. Hall, who was born in Equality in 1847. The children are John W., Giles W., Frank, Charles and James H. He has been a trusted citizen of Shawneetown for twenty-six years, serving as alderman several years, and was elected mayor in 1881 and re-elected in 1883, during the most trying period of the floods of "83" and "84." He is a Democrat, a Master Mason and a K. of H. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Epis- copal Church. F. M. McGehee. F. M. McGehee, farmer, of south Shawneetown Precinct, was born there in 1842. He is one of ten children of Charles W. and Mahala (Moreland) McGehee, whose biography see else- where. With common-school advantages our subject enlisted, in August, 1864, in Company C, Twenty-ninth Illinois Infantry, operating in Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas, and was in a number of severe engagements. After the war he resumed farming, and in April, 1869, married Elizabeth E., daughter of James and Isabelle Logan, of Gallatin County, who was born in Virginia in 1848. Four of their seven children are living: Francis M., Alex. C, Anna I. and Wright W. Since his marriage he has been a resident of this vicinity, and is now the owner of 180 acres of fine land within six miles of Shawneetown. A Kepublican in politics, his first vote was for Lincoln. W. S. McGehee. W. S. McGehee, farmer and stock dealer, was born in Gallatin County in 1850. He is one of eleven children of Chas. W. and BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 561 Mahala (Moreland) McGehee, whose biography see elsewhere. Beared in his home surroundings, in September, 1873, he mar- ried Jennie, daughter of John and Sarah Pellin, who was born in Gallatin County in 1854. Four of their five children are living: Hattie E., Eddie S., Effie E.. and Andrew G. Our subject has since lived on his present fine farm of 160 acres, about five miles west of Shawneetown, and in connection with which he has also been a large dealer in cattle, horses and mules, handling fi-om fifty to 100 head a year. In politics a Republican, he has also been an ardent Prohibitionist. He is a member of the K. of H. C. W. McGehee. C. W. McGehee, farmer and stock dealer in South Shawnee- town Precinct, was born in Gallatin County in 1820. He is one of twelve children .(o^lj two living) of William and Catherine (Little) McGehee. The father, born in North Carolina, the son of Thomas McGehee, a native of Ireland, left North Carolina at about fifteen years of age, and went to Tennessee. With three years there and one in Kentucky he came, a pioneer, to Gallatin County. Here he married at about his twenty-fifth year, and died in 1844. The mother, a native of South Carolina, died in 1852; she was a member of the Old School Baptist Church. Our subject was married, in February, 1840, to Mahala, daughter of Vincent and Elizabeth Moreland, of Gallatin County, who was born in White County in 1821. Six of their eleven children are living: Emily J., wife of William Miller; Francis M., Elizebeth A., wife of B. J. Smith; William S., Charles W., Jr., and John. Mrs. McGehee was a member of the General Baptist Church, and died in March, 1865. Our subject has one of the best farms in Gal- latin County, consisting of about 700 acres five mites west of Shawneetown, and finely improved. He is a self-made man, and one of the most progressive financiers and citizens. Since the dissolution of the old Whig party he has been identified with the Republicans. 562 GALLATIN COUNTY. De. J. T. McIlkath. Dr. J. T. Mcllratli, of Eidgway, was born at Harrisburg, Saline Co., 111., February 27, 1858. His father, John Mcll- ratli, was born in County Down, in the north of Ireland, and was of that remarkable Scotch-Irish stock which has furnished so many men of sterling worth and character to the world. He received a classical education in his native country, and for some time there followed the profession of teaching. He came to the United States in 1855, at the age of twenty-five landing in New York, and came to Harrisburg, 111., by the way of Pittsburg, Penn. ; arriving there early in 1856, he taught the first school in Harrisburg under the common school law of 1855, and followed teaching until 1870. Hugh Mcllrath, father of John Mcllrath, died in Ireland about 1860 ; the wife of Hugh Mcllrath, and grand- mother of Dr. J. T. Mcllrath, who was also of Scotch-Irish descent,. lived until 1886. John Mcllrath married, in 1856, Miss Martha A. Pickering, daughter of Thomas Pickering, of Saline County. Mrs. Mcllrath died in 1872, leaving two children: Annie and J. T, The subject of this sketch attended school in Harrisburg, 111., for a short time, and then attended school about three years in New Haven, Gallatin County, when that village had good schools, in 1867-69, after which he came to Ridgway. In 1878-80 he studied medicine at Evansville, Ind., graduating in the spring of 1881, when he began the practice of medicine in Eidgway, where he is still located. In the spring of 1887 he opened a drug store in connection with his profession. Feanklin McLain. Franklin McLain, farmer, was born in Hopkins County, Ky., March 15, 1831. His father, Samuel, formerly from South Caro- lina, in early life settled in Hopkins County, and here married Lurania Warson. He was a farmer, and died while on a pros- pecting tour in Missouri, a few months before the birth of our BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX, 563 subject, the youngest of his three children. The mother, a native of South Carolina, came in 1850 with our subject to Galla- tin County, and settled on their present homestead. She died in Jefferson County, in September, 1877. Reared on the farm, and with a limited education, our subject has been chiefly devoted to agriculture. November 11, 1852, he married Mary, daughter of Owen Riley, in Saline County. They had but one child (deceased). After his wife's death, December 9, 1853, he mar- ried in Gallatin County, September 2, 1855, Nancy, daughter of Nicholas Purcell, a millwright and farmer, a native of New York, and who died in 1842 from injuries received while employed at his trade. From this marriage are the following children: Jes- sie M., Francis M., Calvin B., Lucy A., Ellen, Clara, Lewis V., Guy, Viola and Iva. His wife was born in Gallatin County, October 10, 1836. Our subject is a Democrat, first voting for Pierce. He has a fine home and farm of 180 acres, three miles north of Equality, devoted chiefly to wheat and clover seed. Fredrick Mossman. Fredrick Mossman was born near the French line, in Switzerland, March 6, 1828, the fifteenth of seventeen children of Anthony and Mary (Stoker) Mossman, natives of Switzerland, and who died when sixty-two and seventy years of age respect- ively. Our subject learned the trade of butcher after his educa- tion was over, and worked at his trade in Germany, France and Italy. In 1849 he came directly to New Orleans, and the winter following went to Cincinnati and engaged in his trade. June 11, 1850, in St. Mary's Church, Cincinnati, he married Margaret, daughter of Michael Morris, a native of France. Their children are Jacob F., August V., Frank X., John N., Minnie and Emma. She was born in Germany, May 3, 1831, and came with her parents to America when five years old. Our subject enlisted in the Forty-seventh Ohio Infantry June 15, 1861, and was made 564 GALLATIN COUNTY. wagon-master. He was injured while on duty at Colfax Ferry, Va., on account of which he was discharged May 30, 1862. Since February 6, 1869, he has lived in Equality. He is inde- pendent in politics, voting for the man rather than party. He is an Odd Fellow, has been commander of Post No. 351, G. A. E., and his entire family are members of the Catholic Church. Besides his residence in Equality he owns 250 acres within two miles. , John S. Mooee. John S. Moore, farmer and stock dealer in South Shawnee- town, was born in Clermont County, Ohio, in 1838.. He is one of ten children — six living — of James and Elizebeth (Smith) Moore, natives of Clermont County, Ohio. The father, born in 1810, died in 1874, and was the son of Joseph Moore, a native of Virginia, the latter of whom was a pioneer of Ohio when a lot in the center of Cincinnati could be bought for $50. James was married about 1832, and died in his native county in 1874. The mother, of German origin, was born in 1809 and died in 1883. Botli were members of the Baptist Church. Receiving a common-school education, our subject was married, December 20, 1860, to Elizabeth, daughter of Jackson and Sarah Turner, both natives of Ohio. She was born in Clermont County, Ohio, in 1842. Eight of their eleven children are living: Edwin W., James H., Sarah E., John T., Michael, Minnie, Charley and Andrew. Mr. Moore served four months in 1864 in Company I, One Hundred and Fifty-third Ohio Infantry, on guard duty along the line of the Baltimore & Ohio Railway, and was in sev- eral severe skirmishes. In 1870 he came to Gallatin County, and the next year located on his present improved farm of ninety- one acres, four miles from Shawneetown, and also bought 132 acres near by. In politics he is Republican. Mrs. Moore is a member of the Baptist Church. • biographical appendix. 565 William T. Moxley. William T. Moxley was born in Hickman, Ky., January 12, 1850. His father, Nathaniel, M^as a native of Virginia and set- tled at Hickman when a young man, and was in the livery busi- ness part of his life. He went to Franklin County, Mo., seventy- one miles west of St. Louis, and here enlisted in Company I, Twenty-ninth Missouri Infantry (Federal). He was wagon- master, and died sixty miles below Vicksbvirg in 1864. The mother, Amanda (Burges), was born near Nashville, Tenn., in 1827, and is still living on the old homestead in Missouri. Our subject, the second of seven children, was reared on the farm and educated in the home schools, and has been a liveryman and stock dealer ever since he began for himself. February 12, 1879, he married Ada, daughter of Pleasant Sipes, a blacksmith, native of Kentucky. She was born in Union County, Ky., October 8, 1858. Their children are Charles W., born in Webb City, Mo., November 13, 1879; Bessie E. and Thomas, born in Shawneetown September 29, 1881, and December 4, 1884 respectively, and Ada M. in Equality January 18, 1886. Our subject is a Democrat, and is now engaged in his business successfully at Equality. Peter McMurchy. Peter McMurchy, of the firm of McMurchy & Bahr, proprie- tors of the City Mills, Shawneetown, is the son of James McMurchy, who came from Scotland to Clermont County, Ohio, in 1820, with his seven boys and two girls, his wife Margaret having died in 1815. James, the father, died in 1826. With the sisters married and the brothers now scattered, our subject in 1831 went to live with his uncle, Andrew Harvey, two miles north of Cincinnati, and was apprenticed in the blacksmith business. After his instructor's death by cholera in the fall of 1832, he Avorked in various places in the South, and being accidentally left twelve 566 GALLATIN COUNTY. miles south of Shawneetown by the grounded steamer "Tuscarora" while on her way from Natchez in February, 1838, he walked to the former place and started a blacksmith and wagon shop. He continued until 1869, and in 1870 went into the tanning business fovir miles to the north, but sold out a year later and engaged in his present successful business. He has been married twice, and of his eleven children three daughters and two sons are dead. The remaining daughters are married, and his only son, twenty years of age, is still at home. J. F. NOLEN. J. F. Nolen, sheriff of Gallatin County, was born in Wilson County, Tenn., in 1844. He is the son of Daniel and Lucinda (Joplin) Nolen, the former of Irish descent, born in 1808 in North Carolina, and the latter also a native of North Carolina. The dates of their deaths are 1856 and 1878 respectively. The father, a shoemaker and afterward farmer, went to Wilson County, Tenn., and about 1854 moved to Franklin County, 111. Our sub- ject, one of thirteen children, with few educational advantages, no schooling after his tenth year, left home August 2, 1863, to join Company A, One Hundred and Tenth Regiment Illinois Infantry. He was sent home after being in service for several weeks, and having " enlisted for the war," again enlisting twice afterward in the Thirteenth Illinois Cavalry as recruit in the one hundred days' service in Col. Fred. A. John's regiment, and in October, 1864, he was in several minor actions in the first, and the surrender occurred soon after the second. After farming some he went to Equality, 111., engaging in the retail liquor and grocery business for three years, since when he has been in Shawneetown. Appointed deputy circuit court clerk in 1870, he served six years, and then was elected clerk, serving until 1884. He then established his present grocery business, and in 1886 was elected to his present office of sheriff. In 1864 he married BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 567 Artimissa Beeves, a native of Arkansas, born in 1844. They had two children : Ellen, wife of G. A. Harmon and Millard, he being divorced from his first wife in 18G6, married Elizebeth Holley in 1871, born in Gallatin County in 1837. Their two children are Edward and Harry. Mr. Nolen is a Republican, a member of the I. O. O. F., F. & A. M. and G. A. R, and his wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. I. McKee Peeples. I. McKee Peeples (deceased), banker of Shawneetown, 111., born in 1826, was the son of Robert and Elizabeth (Maxwell) Peeples, natives of western Pennsylvania. Mr. Peeples attended school a year and a half in Perry County, 111., after which he entered the store of E. H. Gatewood, at Shawneetown, and remained with him until he was seventeen, at which time he entered the counting-house of O. Pool at $200 a year and board. At twenty he and Thos. S. Ridgway, were admitted as partners, and the firm remained O. Pool & Co. until 1850, when he and Mr. Ridgway bought out Mr. Pool. The business continuing as Peeples & Ridgway until 1864, when they established the First National Bank, with a capital stock of $200,000 paid up; Mr. Peeples becoming president and Mr. Ridgway cashier, and so it remained until Mr. Peeples' death in 1879. He was an elder in the Presbyterian Church, and a devoted Sunday-school worker, giving much time and money to the cause. He was president of the State Sunday-school Convention of 1872. He married Harriet, daughter of W. A. Docker, a leading merchant of Shawneetown, in 1846. Mrs. Peeples was born in 1827. They have three sons living: John, William and Henry. W. A. Peeples. W. A. Peeples, merchant at Ridgway, 111., began his business in 1881. He is a large dealer, and keeps a general stock of di-y 568 GALLATIN COUNTY. goods, groceries, notions, etc., and carries a stock from $7,000 to $10,000. His annual business would probably reach from $25,000 to $30,000. He also buys and ships large quantities of grain in connection with his merchandise, and does the lead- ing business at Kidgway. W. S. Phillips. W. S. Phillips, attorney at law, was born in Bedford County, Tenn., January, 20, 1854. He is one of six children of James B. and Agnes C. (Wise) Phillips. The father was born in 1820 in Tennessee, came to Williams County, 111., in 1863, where he now resides, engaged in farming. The mother was born in Mississippi in 1828, and died in 1864. After his academic education in Pope County, he began teaching, when nineteen years of age, and continued six consecutive terms, two of which were in Pope and the rest in Gallatin County. During this time he read law, and afterward began study under J. H. Clark, prosecuting attorney, atGolconda, HI., and also a year under D. M. Kinsell of Shawneetown. July 8, 1880, he was admitted to the Mount Vernon, 111. bar, and then removed to Ridgway, where he has since become an esteemed and able lawyer, with an extensive practice. He is a Republican in politics and a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. In May, 1879, he married Luella, daughter of Capt. B, C. Porter of Ridgway, 111., born in Covington, Ky. They have two children : Sarah A. and William B. M. M. Pool. M. M. Pool, banker, is the son of Orval and Madeline (Snider) Pool. The father, of Scotch stock, was born in 1809, in Union County, Ky. His father, John, a native of Virginia, moved to Kentucky, and in 1816 finally settled in Shawneetown, where his son, Wilson, was the first white child born in Gallatin County. Orval was seven years old when he came to Shawneetown, BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 569 and in his " teens " he went to Smithland, Ky., and served several years as a saddler's apprentice. He then started a shop of his own in Shawneetown successfully, and several years later sold and for three years was a merchant, when he began j5ork- packing and tobacco speculation. In one year he packed 33,000 hogs. After ten years the war caused him to abandon this, and in 1871 he organized and was elected president of the Gallatin National Bank, and died in June of that year. He was an esteemed pioneer, and an able financier. The mother was born in 1814, in Strasburg, Germany, and five years old when they reached Shawneetown. She is still living. The children are our subject, Mary A. (wife of H. C. Docker), Hester M. (wife of Hon. E. M. Townshead, congressman for the Nineteenth District) and Ellen (wife of J. J. M. Peeples ) . Our subject was born in 1843 in Shawneetown, and educated in Danville, Ky., with one year also at Michigan University, Ann Arbor. In November, 1864, he was commissioned captain and aid-de-camp by Gov. Yates, on Gen. Wilson's staff, with whom he was in his raid through Alabama and Georgia, and one of those who captured Jefferson Davis at Macon. From the latter part of 1865 to 1868, he was in the commission business in Cincinnati, but returned and began speculating in grain at Shawneetown. On his father's death he was elected president of the bank, which in April, 1874, went into voluntary liquidation, and he and W. B. Henshaw started a private bank, the firm name being M. M. Pool & Co., and Mr. Pool the manager. In 1868 he married Amanda C, daughter of Judge A. M. Grant, of Mount Vernon, 111., her native place. Ger- trude, Marshall and Grant are their children. Mr. Pool has inherited his father's ability, and is an esteemed and respected citizen of high standing. Geo. H. Potter. Geo. H. Potter, farmer and stock dealer, was born in 1841 in Muskingum County, Ohio. He is one of fourteen children of 570 GALLATIN COUNTY. Thomas and Sarah (Cheney) Potter. The father was born in Stokesley, England. A minister of the gospel, he came to near Zanesville, Ohio, in 1832, and, in 1860, to Effingham, 111. ; then, in 1863, to Gallatin County, where he remained with his son, our subject, until his death, in 1885, after fifty years' service as Minister. The mother was born in Kingston, England, in 1807, came with her husband, and died in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, in 1852. Educated in the common and high schools of Muskingum and Loraine Counties, Ohio, in 1857 he became a teacher, and, in 1859, began teaching in Illinois, continuing up to 1863, when he became manager of Joseph Bowles' store, at Bowlesville Mines. In 1865 he began a ten years' partnership with Robert and David Reid in the coal business, after which he purchased his present farm of 330 acres. In 1861 he married Annie R., daughter of Robert and Agnes Campbell, born in 1843. Their two chil- dren were Thomas (deceased October 10, 1872,) and Sarah (deceased November 3, 1871). Mr. Potter is a Presbyterian elder and local evangelist, of which his wife is also a member. He is a Republican. James August Rensmann. James August Rensmann, rector of St. Joseph's Church, Ridgway, was born in Westphalia, Germany, June 8, 1845. Reared and educated in his native land, he passed through the regular college course at Essen, Rheinland, and absolved his philosophical and theological studies at the University of Muenster, Westphalia, whereupon he was ordained a priest in 1872. He then came in the fall to Mattoon, 111., and took charge of the church, then at Vandalia, and, in 1874, came to Shawnee- town where he labored in the church and school five years, and also established Saint Joseph's. He came to Ridgway in 1879, and has since succeeded in building up a large and wealthy con- gregation. There is also a parochial school in operation, in which, since 1884, he has been assisted by two Sisters. biographical appendix. 571 George W. Eich. Geoi'o^e W. Rich, farmer, was born in Alabama in 1839, and is one of eight children of William and Mary (Simms) Rich. The father, a native of Florida, died about 1850, about ninety- years of age. He was married twice : first in his native State, and after his wife's death he removed to Alabama, where he set- tled, and married the mother of our subject. The mother, a native of Alabama, was also married twice, her first husband being a Mr. Caudle. She died, about one huncbed years old, in 1872. "When seventeen our subject spent a year and a half in Indiana, and then came to Shawneetown, where he married, in 1860, Ellen, daughter of Samuel and Nancy Andrews, born in Gallatin County in 1841. Six of their seven children are living: Isabelle, George, Minnie and May (twins), Daisy and Lewis. Beginning as a tenant, in 1870, he bought his present improved farm of eighty acres, six miles from Shawneetown. Politically a Demo- crat, his first vote was for Douglas. Mrs. Rich was a member of the Baptist Church and died in 1876. John D. Richeson. John D. Richeson, merchant, Shawneetown, 111., son of John and Nancy A. Richeson, natives of Virginia, was born on his father's farm, in Amherst County, Va., on the 16th of May, 1810. His grandfather on his mother's side was David Dickinson of Virginia, who was commissary for the troops of that colony during the Revolution. In the spring of 1826, boy-like and being desirous of making something for himself, Mr. Richeson started west, arriving at Charleston, W. Va., the first day of March, 1826, and hired to a flat-boatman by the name of Mays, at the wages of $8 per month, and started down the Kanawha into the Ohio River to Cincinnati, Ohio, which at that time was a place of less than 10,000 inhabitants. Thence he went South flat-boating, etc., until the fall of 1832, when he returned to 572 GALLATIN COUNTY. Virginia, where lie began farming and trading in stock and negroes until 1836, when he went to Louisville and contracted on public works till 1837, when he contracted for paving the river bank in front of Shawneetown, and Grrading: the Shawneetown & Alton Eailroad to Equality, eleven miles west. Being well pleased with the outlook surrounding this place, in 1838 he went into the wholesale and retail mercantile business, which he has continued successfully ever, since, now enjoying the fruits of a large and well established trade. Mr. Richeson is now in his seventy-eighth year, is in good health and is the first man on duty for business every morning. Hon. Thomas S. Ridgway. Hon. Thomas S. Ridgway was born August 30, 1826, on a farm in White County, 111. His father, Hon. John Ridgway, was born in New Jersey, and was a descendant of a Quaker family. In his earlier days he was engaged in mercantile life in Philadelphia, but in 1818, yielding to the imaginary fascinations of a life in the western wilds, he started for Illinois Avith his family, household goods and merchandise, traveling to Pitts- burg in Couestoga wagons, and to Shawneetown in a keel- boat. From Shawneetown to Carmi, then in Gallatin County he traveled again by wagon, and having arrived at his destina- tion he immediately engaged in merchandising and trading. His wife, who previous to marriage was Miss Rebecca B. Olden, died soon after reaching Illinois, and in 1822 Mr. Ridgway was married to Miss Mary Frazier Grant, daughter of John Grant. The Grant family were originally Scotch Presbyterians, and after immigrating to the United States resided for a time in Phila- delphia. About 1818 they likewise moved to White County, 111. By this marriage with Miss Grant, Mr. Ridgway had six children : Sarah, Harriet, John G., Thomas S., Eliza and George A. In 1832 Mr. Ridgway moved to Shawneetown, where his second BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 573 wife soon afterward died, firm in the religious convictions of lier entire life, and John ESdgway, who had served in the Legislature when it convened at Vandalia, did not long survive his wife, and thus, Thomas S., the subject of this sketch, was left without the loving, 'guiding hand of either father or mother. But he had been so thoroughly instructed and inculcated with the principles of integrity and with reverence for Christianity, which had always been the guiding star of his parents' lives, that his character was formed, and he at once began a life of usefulness and honor. At the age of twelve he earned his first dollar in the printing office of John S. McCracken of Shawneetown. In 1839 he entered the dry goods establishment of Col. E. H. Gatewood as store boy, remaining there until 1843. In this year he made his first trip east to Philadelphia to buy a stock of goods, and while there paid a visit to his grandfather, John Ridgway, Sr., then over ninety years of age. In 1845 he became the junior member of the firm of O. Pool & Co. (Orval Pool, John McKee Peeples and himself). In 1850 Mr. Pool retired from the firm, and Messrs. Peeples & Ridgway succeeded to the business. The house of Peeples & Ridgway became the leading house in south- ern Illinois, their sales amounting to between ^200,000 and $300,000 per year. It was fio uncommon thing for them to sup- ply farmers and others living from fifty to seventy-five miles away. They were also heavy purchasers of tobacco, sometimes to the extent of half a million dollars in a year; and of pork, grain and other products which they shipped to New Orleans, New York and Europe. In 18G5 they closed up their business, and organized the First National Bank of Shawneetown. In December, 1867, Mr. Ridgway was made president of the Spring- field & Illinois Southeastern Railway Company, and owing largely to his capacity and energy, the railway was completed in an incredi- bly short space of time from Shawneetown to Beardstown, a dis- tance of 226 miles. He retired from the presidency of this com- 574 GALLATIN COUNTY. pany in 1874, much poorer in purse but much richer in experience. In 1874 he was elected State treasurer of Illinois, being the only candidate on the Republican ticket that was successful. He assumed the duties of the office January 13, 1875, and served his term with credit to himself and the State. In 1874 he became president of the board of trustees of the Southern Illinois Nor- mal University at Carbondale, and has ever since held that position. The first building erected for the use of this institu- tion burned down, and in the spring of 1887, an elegant new building of brick and stone, 115x215 feet in size, and three stories high, was completed and dedicated, Mr. Ridgway making the principal address on that occasion. The building cost $250,000, and is one of the finest structures devoted to educational uses in the United States. It is in connection with this institu- tion that Mr. Ridgway has rendered his most important service to mankind. Mr. Ridgway was married September 20, 1849, to Miss Jane Docker, daughter of W. A. Docker, an early merchant of Shaw- neetown. He is a man of strong religious convictions, has been a member of the Presbyterian Church since 1858, and a ruling elder since 1860. He is also superintendent of the Sunday-school, and the superlatively important causes of religion and education have always found in him an earnest ^nd able supporter and cham- pion. Hon. Carl Roedel. Hon. Carl Roedel, attorney at law, and mayor of Shawneetown, was born in 1842 in Van Wert County, Ohio, the son of Jacob and Barbara Roedel, natives of Germany and born in 1806 and 1809 respectively, and their deaths occurring likewise in 1867 and 1866. The father, a potash manufacturer, came to America about 1838, and bought eighty acres of the site of Cleveland, Ohio. About 1840 he married and settled in Van Wert County, and in 1848 moved to Decatur, Ind., Avhere he passed his life. Our subject, the eldest of four children, began at eleven years of age BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 575 working for his father in the potash factory, so continuing until the age of sixteen. His education was received in Vermillion Institute, Ohio, by an attendance of three years. In 1865 he was elected superintendent of the Mount Carmel (Illinois) schools, in which position he served three years with flattering success, and then for one year had charge of the Shawneetown schools. During the last two of these years he was studying law, and in 1871 was admitted, under the examination of Congressman Townsend. He at once began practice with marked success, and for the past fifteen years he has had a most lucrative practice, and has been one of the leading lawyers of the county, especially able in civil and chan- cery law. In 1884 he became a partner with Eugene R. Sission in the firm of Roedel & Sission, In 1869 he married Fannie Koser, of Mount Carmel, 111. Their children are Ida M., Rose, William K., Sarah, Emma, Charles, Lillie and Jacob. He is a Republican, and first voted for Lincoln. Since 1885 he has been mayor. For six years past he has been president of the school board. He is an Odd Fellow, Knight of Honor and has been an elder in the Presbyterian Church for ten years. His wife also is a Presbyterian, and both are highly esteemed people. F. H. Sellers. F. H. Sellers, civil and mining engineer, was borji in Phila- delphia in 1835, and is one of six children of George E. and Rachel B. Sellers. He was educated at Woodward College, Cin- cinnati, and came to Gallatin County in 1857, and engaged with the Saline Coal & Manufacturing Company, and two years after was employed in paper-making in Hardin County for five years. He then returned to Bowlesville, leased the mines, and operated them for six years, when he became their superintendent for eleven years. In 1875 he married Mrs. A. L. Dennis, daughter of Frank and Lydia Smith, who was born in 1843 in Pennsyl- vania. In politics Mr. Sellers is a Republican, casting his first 576 GALLATIN COUNTY. presicleutial vote for Fremont. His wife is a member of the Presbyterian Cliurch. His father, George E. Sellers, was mar- ried March 6, 1833, to Kachel B,, daughter of Kobert A. and Eleazer Parish, the mother's birth occurring in Philadelphia July 18, 1812. She died in Hardin County, 111., September 14, 1860. She bore her husband these children: Frederick H., born February 26, 1834; Eleanor P., November 23, 1835, died August 21, 1855; Lucy, April 3, 1837, died September 21, 1860; Charles H., August 26, 1838, and two others, who died in infancy. In politics the father is a Kepublican, and himself and children are members of the Swedenborg Church, while his wife is an Episco- palian. He has led an active and useful life. From 1834 to 1839 he was engaged in building locomotive engines, paper machinery, and machinery for the mints at Charlotte, N. C, Dahlonega, Ga., and New Orleans. In 1841 he removed to Cin- cinnati, and engaged in making lead pipes by pressure from fluid melted lead. With his brother and Josiah Tourease he erected the Globe EoUing & Wire Works. From 1847 to 1849 inclusive he was engaged in getting iip his direct traction and forge ham- mer, and heavy grade locomotives to overcome steep ascents by means of three-rail and steam cylinders. In 1850 he accepted the position of mechanical engineer of the Panama Kailroad Company. From 1851 to 1854 he remained in the locomotive works, and then accepted the presidency of the Saline Coal Com- pany, and moved to the Saline Mines in 1858. In 1859 he removed to Sellers' Landing, in Hardin County, and was there engaged in the manufacture of paper from cane. He removed to Bowlesville about 1879, and is now principally engaged in archaeological researches among the prehistoric earthworks of southern Illinois. J. E. Speer. J. E. Speer, farmer and stock dealer, was born near Nash- ville, Tenn., in 1826, the eldest of four children of Andrew and BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 577 Elizabeth (Williams) Speer. The father, of Irish origin, was born in Davidson County, Tenn., about 1798. The grandfather, Moses Speer, was one of the earliest pioneers and settlers of Davidson County, where he reared his family. In 1830 he removed to Texas where he spent the rest of his life on the frontier. Beared and married in his native county, Andrew, a farmer, moved to Arkansas Territory, where he died about 1834. The mother, born in Virginia in 1805, is still living with our subject, and is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Our subject spent about five years of his early life in the tanning business. In 1853 he came to Gallatin County, and the next year was married to Phoebe Berry. Six of their seven children are living: Andrew, of Moultrie County, 111. ; David, of Minne- sota; William ; Kobert, Allan, and Mary, wife of J. Munch, of Moultrie County. The next year he located on his present farm of 200 acres, 160 acres of which are improved, producing over 5,000 bushels of corn annually. Formerly a Whig, he has, since his vote for Gen. Scott, been a Republican. Mrs. Speer is a member of the Baptist Church. Capt. W. H. Stiles. Capt. W. H. Stiles was born in Hartford, Conn., in 1828, the son of Hyas and Harriet L. Stiles, both natives of Connecticut. He received an academical education in the public schools of Lancaster, Ohio, after his tenth year when his parents removed there, and when eighteen years old went to Louisville, Ky., and served an apprenticeship in the foundry business. After two years' work at Cincinnati he was likewise employed at Detroit, Mich., then at New Orleans eight months. For two years there- after he was on the river between Cincinnati and New Orleans, when he returned to Ohio and worked at his trade. For about four years he was engaged in training and dealing in horses and mules. In 1861 he enlisted in Company G, Seventh Illinois Cav- 578 GALLATIN COUNTY. airy, as second lieutenant, under Col. Edward Prince, and two years later was promoted directly to captain. He took part in some of the most severe cavalry engagements of the war, and in three years returned home on account of broken down health. August 8, 1847, he married Catherine Smith of New Boston, Ohio, who died April 27, 1881. Their five children are living in Gallatin County. In December, 1884, he married July Stull, a native of Georgia, by whom he had one child. After the war he returned to his family in Gallatin County, where they have lived since 1857. He has since been engaged in the saw mill business and looking after his farm interests. For seven years he lias been correspondent and reporter for the United States Agri- cultural Society, is an ardent Republican, and a member of the G. A. R. H. C. Strickland. H. C. Strickland, farmer and trader, was born in Gallatin County in 1852. He is one of seven children — three living — of John D. and Ariminta (Dobbs) Strickland. The father of English origin, was a native of Montgomery County, Ohio. Since his youth he was a resident of Gallatin County, where he lived in 1859. A bookkeeper in his early years, he became a hatter, and for a time was in the grocery business. The later years of his life were devoted to general trading and stock shipping to southern ports. The mother, born in Gallatin County, January 3, 1825, died April 19, 1878. Educated through his mother's care at common schools, and at the Southern Normal at Carbondale, our subject engaged in successful teaching for several years in the same place, and for several years agent for agricultural machinery also. April 4, 1881, he married Ida, daughter of Moses and Elizebeth Kanady, born in Gallatin County in 1859. They had two children, both dead. Since his marriage he has lived on his present finely improved farm of forty acres four miles from Shawneetown. One of the best educators of Gallatin County, his BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX, 579 school, where he taught for nine terms, was awarded three pre- miums in 1880, by the Gallatin County Agricultuial Society, for the best school work, and that in competition with Shawneetown High School. In politics he is a Republican, voting first for R. B. Hayes. His wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. ElCHARD W. TOWNSHEND. Richard TV. Townshend, representative in Congress from the Nineteenth District of Illinois, is a native of the State of Mary- land, a point in Prince George County, eighteen miles south of Washington, being the place, and April 30, IS-IO, the day when he first saw the light. His father, Samuel H. Townshend, was a planter, and died when Richard was but two years of age, leaving the mother with the care of nine children, one of whom was younger than Richard. The Townshend family is one of the oldest in southern Maryland, the first representative immigrating thither from England in 1746, and settling in the immediate vicinity of the place where nearly one hundred years later his dis- tinguished great-grandson was born. On the maternal side Mr. Townshend comes from Virginia stock, his mother being a Miss Lumsden, daughter of a prominent merchant of Alexandria, and sister of Dr. William O. Lumsden, who was a healer of the spir- itual as well as physical man, having occupied the pulpit as a minister of the Methodist Church, and prior thereto practiced medicine in the city of Baltimore. In the course of a few years, after her husband's death, Mrs. Townshend removed with her family to this city (Washington, D. C. ), and here the future congressman received his education. He was employed for some time in Col. Jo Shillington*'s bookstore, which was a gen- eral rendezvous for the distinguished men of that day — Benton, Cass, Douglas, Gen. Scott and others — who always found an attentive auditor in young Townshend. During the sessions of 1856-57 and 1857-58 he was employed as a page on the floor of 580 GALLATIN COUNTY. the House of Eepresentatives, an occupation which was in every way desirable to him, as it afforded him the coveted opportunity of witnessing the great struggle on the Kansas question as embodied in the Lecompton constitution, probably one of the most exciting events in National legislation that had occurred up to that time. It was during this service in the House that the young statesman in embryo made the acquaintance and friend- ship of Hon. Samuel S. Marshall, a representative from Illinois, who was eminent alike for his ability as a statesman and rank as a jurist. Taking an interest in the ambitious young page, he encouraged him to anticipate the later advice of Horace Greeley and " go West." Accordingly, in the year 1858, westward young Townshend's star of empire took its way, beckoning him on to the brilliant future which southern Illinois had in store for him; his first abiding place being the modern Cairo, thence to McLeansboro, and then he removed to Shawneetown, on the Ohio River, his present place of abode. His energies were at once devoted to completing his law studies, which he pursued energet- ically under the guidance and direction of his friend, Mr. Mar- shall, teaching school in winter to be able to meet his expenses. In 1862 he was admitted to the bar and almost immediately sprang into a lucrative practice. In 1864 he was elected clerk of the circuit court of Hamilton County, a position which he filled for four years, and in 1868 was chosen prosecuting attorney for the Twelfth Judicial District of Illinois, comprising six counties, in which capacity he served with marked distinction and ability until 1872, the expiration of the term for which he had been elected. During the period from 1872 to 1876 he devoted him- self to the business of National banking as well as practice of law, in which he acquired an experience which has been valuable to him as a National legislator. In the political campaign of 1876 the Democrats of the Nineteenth District of Illinois, anx- ious to regain the ascendancy which they had lost in the previous BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 581 contest in 1874, when a Greenbacker was elected to Congress, agreed with remarkable unanimity upon Mr. Townshend as their standard-bearer to lead them to victory. Eight gallantly did he justify their .trust and fulfill their high expectation. In every town and hamlet and at every cross-roads his voice was heard in advocacy and support of the eternal principles of Democratic faith, and when the day of reckoning in November came he was triumphantly elected by a handsome plurality vote of more than 4,000, and the district was again safe in the Democratic column. His services during his first term in Congress pleased his constit- uency so well that he was renominated in 1878 and elected by an increased vote of 6,000 plurality and a clear majority over both his opponents of nearly 3,000. Since then he has been re-elected by constantly increasing majorities, making the district now one of the most reliably Democratic districts in the State of Illinois. During the time that Mr. Townshend has been in Congress he has not been idle. Few representatives, indeed, on their first participation in legislation take such a wide and practical view of their duties and responsibilities as he has done. Within his range of vision came not only the interests of his own people, but the welfare and prosperity of the country at large, broadly and wisely recognizing that whatever tended to promote the lat- ter would certainly inure to the benefit of the former ; and this it is that constitutes true statesmanship. Some of the most promi- nent and important measures which now demand the attention of Congress and vitally affect the National well-being were first urged and insisted upon by him. Early in the first session of the XLV Congress he introduced " a bill to regulate inter-State commerce and to prohibit unjust discriminations by common carriers," which was one of the first measures introduced in Con- gress looking to the settlement of that important question and upon which have been framed some of the principal features of the Reagan bill reported in the present Congress from the com- 582 GALLATIN COUNTY. mittee on commerce. At the same session he brought the atten- tion of the House to the dangerous encroachments of the Federal judiciary upon the powers of the State courts in a bill to regulate the removal of causes from State to Federal tribunals, but it was crowded out by other business in the last Congress. One of the first things he did at the commencement of the present Congress was to re-introduce this all-important measure and have it referred to the committee on the revision of the laws, by which committee it was returned to the House with a favorable report ; but by fillibustering against it for weeks during the extra session the Republicans prevented action at that time. During the last Congress a substitute for this measure was adopted which has greatly restricted the jurisdiction of the Federal courts. Thus after years of persistent effort this important measure of Mr. Townshend's has been crowned with a large degree of success. To his efforts in Congress the Mexican soldiers are more largely indebted for the recent law granting them pensions than perhaps to any one else. And indeed he has signalized his friendship for the Union soldiers of the Republic by effective service in Congress. The most important measure of which he is the author and creator is the bill looking to the establishment of an American Zollverein, or customs union of all the American nations. It provides for the same freedom of trade between the nations of North, Centra] and South America as exists among the States of this Union, and if finally accepted by the countries concerned, will no doubt greatly develop the resources of the Western Hemisphere, and bring to this country the immense commerce of the Southern countries which are now monopolized by European nations. It has already met with such favorable progress in Congress as renders it very probable that it will be adopted at the next session. Other important measures have been introduced by him which we have not the space to mention. During his service he has been a member of several of the most important BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 583 committees in Congress, including that of the Judiciary and Appropriations. Each one of these important questions which Mr. Townsheud has had the energy and perseverance to bring before the body of which he is a member, has been advocated by him in speeches which, for strength of argument and depth of reasoning, it would be difficult to surpass. As an orator he is graceful, fluent and forcible, expressing his thoughts in simple and appropriate language, and with a beauty of diction and power of logic which go straight to the understanding, carrying conviction to the hearer. He never fails to command the respect and attention of the House, and he justifies the compliment by never uttering what is not worth hearing. His public career has been most promising, and it is not too much to say that we regard him, in every essential, as one of the men to whom the country must look for safe guidance and counsel in the future. In 1869 Mr. Townsheud married a daughter of Orville Pool, Esq., a prominent banker and leading merchant of Shawneetown. She is a lady of rare good sense, of accomplished manners and retir- ing demeanor, happy in the companionship of her husband and children, and fitted to adorn any position in life. The writing of this brief sketch of the life of Kichard W. Townsheud was con- ceived as a pleasant duty, typifying, as that life does, the possi- bilities and opportunities which wait at the door of every young man under the glorious institutions of free America. The youth who left the hall of the House of Representatives as a humble page returned in a few years a peer of its ablest members. And as he has been the first of former page boys to reach a seat in Congress, it is to be hoped many more may achieve equal success should they make as able and efficient legislators as he has done. L. F. Tromly. L. F. Tromly, editor, publisher and proprietor of the Shawnee News, was horn October 30, 1846, in Mount Vernon, 111., 584 GALLATIN COUNTY. and is the son of Michael and Jane (Bouton) Tromly. The father, of French descent and born in 1800 at Vincennes, Ind., lived there until he lost his first wife, about 1832, then lived in Burlington, Iowa, where he married Jane Bouton November 19, 1835, After 1840 Mount Vernon, 111., was his home. He was first a cabinet-maker, and then for thirty-five years a silver-smith. His father, Isaac Tromly, ran the first ferry at Vincennes. He (Michael) died May 26, 1878. His second wife, born in New Jersey and reared in New York City, went to Burlington, Iowa, when a young lady. She died August 26, 1855. Our subject, one of ten children, was educated at Mount Vernon, 111., and since his fourteenth year was an apprenticed or journeyman printer until 1871 with the exception of eighteen months in the grocery business, the senior member of Tromly & Ellis, at Mount Vernon, 111. After eight months as editor and publisher of the Mount Ver- non News, he and his brother Theodore became its owners. It was the first successful Republican paper in the county. After three and a half years with this, Mr. Tromly sold out and retired from business for two years to recuperate his failing health, but in 1880 bought the Shawnee News, and is now sole owner and man- ager. A fearless Eepublican, his paper is quoted by the State press frequently. Mr. Tromly's first teacher was " Bob " Inger- soll. February 25, 1877, he married Miss Iva E. Phillips, born in Anna, Union Co., 111., June 4, 1856. She is a member of the Christian Church. Their two children are Herbert H. and Mabel. Geo. J. Vineyard. Geo. J. Vineyard, farmer and pension agent, was born in 1834 in Hardin County, 111., one of nine children of Eli P. and Sarah (Hill) Vineyard. The father, a farmer, was born November 15, 1806, in Virginia, came to Hardin County in 1811 when a child. After his marriage he purchased 200 acres of laud, on which he still resides. The mother, born in Georgia in 1808, came to BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 585 Hardin County in 1824 with her parents. She died in August, 1874. With common-school advantages our subject began life, and became owner of his present fine farm of 200 acres in 1861. In 1855 he married Sarah, daughter of Jackson and Mary Moore, born in Gallatin County in 1838. Their six children are John T., Benjamin F., Margaret, Mary, George A. and Lucretia. Since 1877 he has served as justice, and since 188- has been pension agent, and has collected about $50,000 for soldiers. Politically a Republican, his first vote was for Buchanan. John T. Wathen. John T. Wathen, farmer, was born near Shawneetown, 111., December 21, 1842. His father, James M., born in Union County, Ky., in 1818, came to Illinois with his parents when one year old. Joseph, the grandfather, formerly of Maryland, and at an early age in Kentucky, early in life renounced the Catholic faith and became an earnest member of the Baptist Church. A pioneer from taste, he came to Illinois in 1819, and when this State became settled, moved to Iowa, where he died in 1856. The father, James M., reared in Gallatin County, when of age married Rebecca Pilkington, a native of North Carolina, and with her parents an early settler in Illinois. She died in Galla- tin County in 1866. They had ten children. By his second marriage he had two daughters. He was a cooper, but later in life a farmer, dying in June, 1874, on the farm on which he was partly reared. Our subject received an ordinary education, and although he taught school in early life, he has made farming his chief business. March 10, 1864, he married Catherine, daughter of William Byrne, a native of Dublin, Ireland. She was born near Equality, April 10, 1844. Their children are Hettie A., Mary E., William M., John A. and Willis G. Our subject is a stanch Republican, but cast his first vote for McClellan. He owns 375 acres of land, 175 of which is in the home place west of Equality. 586 gallatin county. Aaron Wilson. Aaron Wilson (colored), farmer, was born in Kentucky in 1834, a son of Aaron, Sr,, and Queenie (De Ball) Wilson. The father is supposed to have been a slave in Virginia of E. Wilson, afterward a resident of Kentucky. He remained in bondage about fifty years, during which time he was married and had sev- eral children. He finally obtained his freedom, and purchased his wife and three children, the rest of whom continued slaves until the emancipation. He then went to Illinois, where he died in 18-1:8 in Gallatin County. The mother was born in Union County, Ky., and died in 1858, about eighty years old. Our subject has been twice married, having left home at twenty- one. In 1854 he married Flora Eddy. Five of their six chil- dren are living: Flora, wife of John Dimmett; Queenie, wife of George Wilson ; Mary, wife of James Stephens ; Laura, wife of E. Dickerson, and David. Mrs. Wilson died in 1860. In 1875 he married Susan Nash, by whom he had two children, one liv- ing — John. Since his eleven years as drayman in Shawneetown, he has been farming, and is owner of 178 acres of improved land, five miles west of Shawneetown. His first wife, a native of Vir- ginia, was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Wilson is a Republican and a Mason. Ellen B. White. Ellen B. White, teacher, was born in 1860, in Gallatin County, 111., one of eleven children of Thornton and Margaret (Colbert) Barnett. The father, born in 1828, in Gallatin County, is one of the foremost farmers of his native county, own- ing 400 acres of land. The mother was born in 1843, in the same county, where she is still living on the old homestead. Educated at St. Vincent's Academy, Union County, Ky., our subject has been one of the first teachers in Gallatin County. November 27, 1881, she married Wiley F. White, son of Don BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 587 and Sarali White, and born in Smith County, Tenn., August 8, 1856. He was a farmer, the owner of 200 acres of land, and lived on his farm an influential young man until his death in 1883, Their one child, Willie, died when but six months old. Since the death of her husband, Mrs. White has been engaged in teaching, living with her parents. She is member of the Social Brethren Church. Samuel Wiseheart. Samuel Wiseheart (deceased), merchant, was born in 1829 in Gallatin County, the son of John, Sr., and Elizabeth (Miller) Wiseheart, for whose history see sketch of K. J. Wiseheart. November 10, 1859, our subject married Mary, daughter of Washington and America (Turner) Sherwood, the former a farmer near New Haven, this county, who died in 1857 at the age of forty, and the latter in 1851, aged thirty-three. Their chil- dren are Alfred D., Thomas, Mollie and Gertrude. He then purchased 160 acres in Shawneetown Precinct and began farming and speculating in stock, most successfully, until he became owner of about 1,000 acres. After 1879 he was merchandising in Shawneetown until his death, April 16, 1880, and his wife then continued his business until 1882 and for a time kept boarding- house. He was a successful financier, was an Odd Fellow, and his wife is an esteemed member of the Presbyterian Church. K. J. Wiseheart. R. J. Wiseheart, a pioneer farmer and stock raiser, was born in Hardin County, Ky., in 1819, the son of John, Sr., and Eliza- beth (Miller) Wiseheart, natives of Kentucky. The father, of Germano-Scottish ancestry, and reared and married in Kentucky, soon went to Indiana, and then finally in 1829 settled in Galla- tin County. On account of ill health he was compelled to quit service in the Black Hawk war, and died in 1836, about forty-six 588 GALLATIN COUNTY. years of age. The mother died in 1872, about eighty-seven years old. December 25, 1838, our subject was married to Nancy Parks. Three of their six children are living: Emily, wife of John Weber, of Evansville Ind. ; Rebecca, wife of L. Raber, of Henderson County, Ky., and Harrison. Mrs. Wiseheart died inl871. In December, 1872, he married Sarah Boswell. Their two chil- dren are Richard and William. He is still living on the old homestead, the owner of 316 acres of improved land. He began life with a suit of good clothes and 50 cents in money after his marriage. After making a thorough study of eye diseases, he practiced his profession for ten years, and at the same time was a minister of the Christian Church, which latter service he was compelled to abandon on account of old age and ill health. Besides his own family he has reared and educated seven orphan children. Formerly a Whig, he has been a Republican since his vote for Harrison in 1840. Mr. Wiseheart organized the first Sunday-school in Gallatin County, and baptized over 200 persons during his ministry. Hon. E. D. Youngblood. Hon. E. D. Youngblood, county judge of Gallatin County, was born in Perry County, III, in October, 1838, and is the son of Isaiah and Electa (Jones) Youngblood, the former of German descent, born in Georgia in 1794, and the latter in New York in 1801. The father, a farmer, was a soldier of the war of 1812, and located at Mobile when peace was declared. Then after a residence in the county of his marriage, Franklin County, 111., he went to Perry County in 1835, and there died in 1850. His wife died in 1841. They had ten children ; these mentioned are living: Corvina I., wife of Geo. W. Sturdevant, Jefferson County; 111. ; Louisa H., wife of J. P. Ford, Los Angeles County, Cal. ; Lovina C, wifeof M. C. Hawkins, Carbondale, III; Sarah A., wife of J. R. Hawkins, Perry County, 111. ; William J., Franklin County; » BIOGKAPHICAL APPENDIX. 589 Francis M., lawyer, Benton, 111. ; E. D. and Eachael C, wife of W. W. Robertson, Franklin County. With a limited amount of common-school education our subject began life as farmer in Perry County and Saline County, and in 1866 began the study of law with his brother at Benton, and caring for his family, as clerk and otherwise, he sought admission to the bar in Mount Yer- non. 111., began practice at Harrisburg, 111., and in 1871 changed to Shawneetown. In 1871 he attended the law school of Judge A. D. Duff, of whose character and manhood he was a great admirer. In April, 1857, he married Eunice M., a native of Penn- sylvania and reared in Indiana, daughter of Geo. N. Kinne, a teacher. Only one of their four children is living, Eva, wife of Dr. J. F. Barton, of Inman, Gallatin Co., 111. For the last twelve years a leading attorney of his home, our subject was elected city judge in 1873, in 1876 elected state's attorney of Gallatin County, in 1880 a Hancock and English elector, in 1882 elected county judge, and re-elected in 1886; in 1881 appointed master in chancery by Judge Conger, and re-appointed in 1883 and 1885, and prominently mentioned as a candidate for circuit judge in 1885. He is an able speaker and debater and a skillful criminal lawyer, a member of the A. F. & A. M., I. O. O. F. and K. of H., and the Presbyterian Church. Christian Zinn. Christian Zinn, farmer and carpenter, was born in Germany in 1835, one of nine children of Otto F. and Anna E. (Bernhardt) Zinn. The father, born in the same place in 1802, and a machinist, remained there until his death in 1841. The mother, born in Germany in 1804, died in 1847. Educated in his native land, our subject came to New Orleans in 1853, and six months later to Kentucky. In 1870 he came to Gallatin County, where he now lives on his fine farm of 280 acres, with coal under it. In 1856 he married Mary J., daughter of James B. and Frances 590 GALLATIN COUNTY. McMurtry, and born in Wayne County, 111., in 1840. Their eleven children are Elizabeth, James F., Fanny (deceased), Mary J,, Charles C, Henry J., George B., Nora (deceased), William B., Bertha L, and Crystal (deceased). Politically Mr. Zinn is a Democrat, and a member of the I. O. O. F. He is of the Pres- byterian, and his wife a member of the Christian Church. BIOGEAPHICAL APPENDIX. 591 SALINE COUNTY. Jesse Abney. Jesse Abney, farmer, was born in Brushy Precinct in 1832, the son of Joshua and Sarah (Stone) Abney. The father, born in Tennessee in 1807, was the son of William Abney, native of Tennessee, and who removed to Saline County about 1825, where he remained until his death. Joshua came at that time also, and in 1831 married and spent the remainder of his life in Brushy Precinct. He was a farmer, and a member of the Regular Bap- tist Church. The mother, born in Virginia in 1812, is still liv- ing, in Saline County. Our subject was educated in the common schools, and tells how he saw the country, now nicely timbered, then covered with grass. In November, 1855, he married Mary, daughter of John and Mary Murphy, of Williamson County, and born in Saline County. Seven of their nine children are living: Nancy A., Patsey, wife of George Bonds; Eliza, Sallie, Lewis, Douglas and Joshua. His present farm is the old homestead he entered from the Government after his marriage. He is the owner of 420 acres ; and, besides owning a half interest in the drug store of Abney, Carr & Co., at Galatia, he is running a general store on his farm. His real estate in Galatia is also considerable. He is a Mason, and has been a life-long Demo- crat, first voting for Buchanan. He is an earnest advocate of general education, and has long been one of the leading citizens and business men. John M. Baker. John M. Baker, president of the Harrisburg Bank, was born in Saline County in 1838, the son of James and Lucinda (Clay- 592 SALINE COUNTY. ton) Baker. The father, German in origin, and born in Prince- ton, Ky., came to Saline County in 1832, one of the pioneer farmers of southern Illinois. Soon after he became one of the first merchants of Raleigh, and died in 1852. The mother, born in Princeton, Ky., after her husband's death married Dr. V. Rathbone, of Ilarrisburg, and is now a hale old lady of seventy- two years. Our subject, the only child of his parents' family now living, received the pioneer schooling, and also graduated, in 1858, from the Commercial Business College of Cincinnati, Ohio. At fourteen he clerked for L. M. Riley for $50 per year, some of which he saved, and went to McLeansboro to school for a year. After a short time clerking for Wade, May & Co., at $15 a month, he went to Ewing and sold goods for Rich- eson & Carroll one year. The following year he clerked for H. M. & J. S. Williams, and the next six months for a clothing house in St. Louis. In 1857 he began clerking for Dr. Mitchell, at Harrisburg, and in 1859 started a general store at Whites- ville. In 1861, while South, he was caught as a spy, but escaped, and, returning home, enlisted in Company K, Sixth Illinois Cav- alry, as private, but was soon made adjutant in the Fifty-sixth Illinois Infantry. He fought at Corinth, and in several skir- mishes. In the autumn of 1862 he was injured badly by his horse falling with him, and was honorably discharged at Kossuth, Miss. He at once began merchandising in Harrisburg, with great success. In 1869 he erected a large two-story building, 28x80 feet, at a cost of $3,000, and now has one of the best stocks in the city, employing five clerks. He also owns 1,000 acres of land, and has been president of the Harrisburg Bank ever since it was organized. November 8, 1865, he married Lizzie G. Evertson, born in Caseyville, Ky. Their six children are Nellie, Lulu, Evert C, John H., Willie M. and Mary. In politics he is a Republican. He is a member of the Masonic order, since his majority ; is special muster officer of the Depart- BIOGEAPHICAL APPENDIX. 593 ment o£ Illinois, G. A. E., for sixteen counties, and inspector of nine counties, organizing posts, etc. His wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he is one of the first citi- zens of the region, Louis Bakek. Louis Baker, farmer, was born in 1853 in Perry County, Ohio, one of nine children of Phillip H. and Mary C. E. (Cline) Baker. The father was born about 1810 in Germany near the Khine, and the mother about 1817. They were married, and about ten years later located near Zanesville, Ohio. The father bought a farm there, then in Jackson, then in Pike County, where he remained until 1866, when he settled on the farm now owned by Henry Baker, of Saline County, and where the father died in 1876 and the mother in 1884. With a common-school education our subject at twenty-three married and bought the farm on which his brother, Charles Baker, is now living, and in 1883 bought his present farm. His wife, Mary M., daughter of James and Jane (McMurrin) Mcllrath, was born in 1855 in Saline County. Their four children are Eay, Lillie, Nellie and Pearl. He has acquired a finely improved farm of 280 acres. He is a Democrat, and cast his first vote for Tilden. His father's death was caused by a runaway team on the road home from Harrisburg. John Baker, John Baker, farmer, and breeder of Poland-China hogs, was born in 1851 in Perry County, Ohio, the son of Phillip H. and Sarah C. E. (Cline) Baker, natives of Germany, where they were married, and where the name was Becker. In 1848 they located in Ohio, and in 1865 removed to Saline County, 111., and resumed farming. The father died in 1876, about sixty-five years old, and the mother about 1885 at the age of sixty-six. Our subject was educated at the home schools. In November, 1874, he married Emeline, daughter of Kobert and Mary A. Foster. Five of their 594 SALINE COUNTY. six children are living: Phillip H., Eobert E., Delia M., Anna and Laura. His present farm of 160 acres, seven miles north- west of Harrisburg, has been his home ever since his marriage, and he has obtained all he has by his own efforts. He is a Dem- ocrat, politically, and first voted for Tilden. Mrs. Baker is a native of Jefferson County, 111. William C. Baker. William C. Baker, farmer, was born in 1840 in Saline County, HI., one of five children of George and Cynthia (Elder) Baker. The father, born in 1817 in Kentucky, and a farmer by occupa- tion, was one of the earliest settlers of Saline County, where he bought 160 acres of land in one section, and soon moved to another section, where he bought eighty acres, on which he lived, and died in March, 1851. The mother, born in 1816 in Ken- tucky, is still living on the old homestead with her son, our sub- ject. William C. was given common-school advantages, and through his life as a farmer he has become owner of 200 acres of a finely improved farm. In 1860 he married Clarinda J., daugh- ter of Jerry and Mary A. Bishop, and born in 1840 in Saline County. She died in 1876. Their children are Adaline, deceased in 1882, aged twenty-one; Emeline, George, Milton, Eveline, Franklin and William. In June, 1876, he married Virginia, daughter of Matthew and Elizabeth Freeman, and born in 1855 in Kentucky. Their six children are Lemuel, Nellie, Carlin, Henry, Grover and Charles. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company E, One Hundred and Tenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and was engaged in the actions at Perry ville, Ky., Stone Eiver, Tenn., Atlanta, Resaca, Missionary Ridge and Kennesaw Mountain. In December, 1862, he was appointed sergeant, and June 8, 1865, was honorably discharged. In politics he is a Republican, first voting for Douglas. He is a member of the Baptist Church, of which his first wife was a member, and he is one of the reliable citizens of his region. biogeaphical appendix. 595 Dr. Joseph E. Baker. Dr. Joseph K. Baker, county commissioner, was born in Webster County, Ky., July 27, 1850, the son of Freeman and Hannah (Bridges) Baker. The father, a farmer, born in Ken- tucky in 1814, married in his native county and lived there until his death in 1851. He owned 300 acres. The mother, of Ger- man stock and born in Tennessee, was married after her husband's death to James Bell, also deceased. She is about sixty years old, and five of the seven children by her first marriage are living. Our subject, the sixth, was educated at the Agricultural and Mechanical College, at Lexington, Ky. When of age he taught one term and the following year began the study of medicine under Dr. Holman, of Clay County, Ky., under whom he studied two years. In 1873 he began practice there, and in 1874 entered the medical department of Louisville University for a course of lectures. Li 1875 he came to Saline County and located at Inde- pendence and resumed his practice. Li 1871 he married Mollie Blackburn, a native of Kentucky. Their only child is Fannie. His wife died in 1881, and in the latter part of the same year he married her sister Victor. Mabel is their only child. In 1885 he bought forty acres, and in 1886 forty acres more, and carried on farming in connection with his practice. He is a skillful surgeon and physician. He is a Kepublican and has been county commissioner since 1884 He is an Odd Fellow, also treasurer of the County Medical Association. He and his wife are mem- bers of the United Baptist Church. John B. Berry. John B. Berry, farmer, was born in White County, 111,, November 9, 1827. His father, John, Sr., formerly of Kentucky, when a young man settled in White County, and after a few years married Delia E. Bruce, born in South Carolina in June, 1808, and now living with our subject, one of her five children. The 596 SALINE COUNTY. father, a shoemaker, but chiefly a farmer, died in White County, near Carmi, about 1831. Our subject, reared on a farm and with an ordinary education, he has been a farmer through life. In November, 1850, he married Rachael, daughter of Marville Hew- lett, a farmer and formerly of Kentucky. Their nine children are William A., John M., Laura J., Mary E., Travis R., Alvis M., George F., James H. and Margaret A. Mrs. Berry was born in Saline County, 111., January 23, 1832. Our subject is an old line Democrat, casting his first vote for Douglas. He has been county commissioner and township treasurer. He is a man who prefers the quiet of home and family, however, to the turmoil of ofl&ce. Most of his family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He has a fine home of 460 acres east of Harrisburg, and besides giving attention to cereals and grasses, he has for years made something of a specialty of fine stock. John M. Berry. John M. Berry, farmer, was born in Gallatin County, 111., September 23, 1853, the son of John B. Berry, whose biography see for family history. Reared on a farm, with a good education, our subject has since occasionally taught school, but made farm- ing his chief business. September 23, 1875, he married Eliza- beth A., daughter of Thomas D. Carnahan, a prominent farmer of Saline County and a native of Kentucky. She was born in Saline County, 111., in November, 1855. Their children are Luella, Mary A., Arthur L. and Rosa Florence. Mr. Berry and his wife are members of the Baptist Church and his political faith is Democratic. He has a pleasant home of 110 acres, in Section 15, Cottage Grove Precinct, Saline County, and finely situated. Rev. William S. Blackman. Rev. William S. Blackman, a Baptist minister and farmer, was born in 1840, near Independence, Saline County. He is the BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 597 elder of two surviving children born to John B. and Margaret (Empson) Blackman. His father was born of English ancestry in North Carolina about 1816, and his mother, also of English par- entage, was born about one year later in Robertson County, Tenn, The former came with his parents to Illinois when but a small boy. About 1840 they moved from their original location, near Independence, to a new location near Equality, and about two years later to the Battles Ford farm on Saline River, where the father of our subject died about one year later. In 1852 his widow married W. A. Harris, for many years an officer in Gallatin County and later in Saline County. Mr. Harris, one of the most highly respected and prominent citizens of Saline County, died in 1877 on his farm, about two miles north of Carrier's Mills. Mrs. Harris is still living on the farm, in delicate health, though enjoying a happy religious life. The subject of this sketch re- ceived his education in the pioneer log-cabin schoolhouse, attend- ing in all about thirteen months and having almost as many dif- ferent teachers. Since then he has pursued his studies at home. He commenced the accumulation of property when fifteen years old by raising tobacco in vacant spots and fence corners, with the proceeds of which he bought a calf for ^2.30. Soon after he bought a second calf for $4.50 on credit, which he paid by work- ing at odd jobs. By the time he was nineteen he had accumu- lated property to the extent of one two-year-old colt and three two-year-old steers. With this stock he began farming on land rented from his uncle, Jerome W. Russell, where he remained but one year, when he began a second year's farming with his aunt, Catharine Abney. Soon after he left her farm he com- menced working on his own farm of forty acres, which he had purchased for $90, which is a portion of his present farm, and during this year (1861) he pursued his studies in connection with his labors. About September 1, 1861, he began teaching, and taught for about one year, when he enlisted as a private sol- 598 SALINE COUNTY. dier in Company F, One Hundred and Twentieth Eegiment Illi- nois Infantry, and served in the Union Army three years. He was in several severe battles, but was never wounded nor taken prisoner, and was discharged September 10, 1865, at Memphis, Tenn., where, February 14, 1865, he became a convert to the Christian religion. Upon returning home he taught a six months' term of school, farmed during the ensuing summer and taught again the next winter. In October, 1867, he married Miss AUie Miller, daughter of James and Elizabeth (Holmes) Miller, and continued farming summers and teaching winters until March, 1877. Just previous to his marriage he was licensed to preach by the New Salem Baptist Church, and June 30, 1872, he was licensed by the same church to the full work of the ministry. From September, 1873, to February, 1885, he continued preach- ing and during the same time was engaged in superintending his farm, and from the fall of 1877 to the fall of 1881 was county superintendent of schools. His preaching, conducted on the "once-a-month" plan, has resulted in many revivals which have been the means of many conversions. Since 1885 he has been almost continuously engaged in missionary work. Mrs. Black- man was born in 1847, and by her marriage with Mr. Blackman has had four children: John F., who died at the age of two months; Margaret Elizabeth, who died at the age of seventeen years ; William Lee, who died at the age of three years, and Carry Lavina, who died at the age of two months. Mr. Blackman is a good and industrious farmer, and has an excellent farm of 200 acres, one of the best cultivated in Saline County, and he has also been abundantly successful as a minister of the gospel. From September, 1885, to September, 1887, about 250 were con- verted under his preaching, and he baptized 207. He has organ- ized and built up several churches; he is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and is a Eepublican in politics, having cast his first vote for Abraham Lincoln in 1864. In 1880, being certain that BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 599 Garfield would be elected, he cast the only Prohibition vote in the county. Mrs. Blackman is a member of the Baptist Church, is a true, noble, patient. Christian wife, and a wonderful help to her husband in all the duties of life. Bennett L. Blackman. Bennett L. Blackman, farmer, was born near Saline River, in Gallatin (now Saline) County, in 1841, one of two surviving children of John and Margaret (Empson) Blackman, for whose history see the biography of W. S. Blackman. Educated in the common schools of Saline County, our subject left home when seventeen and lived nearly two years with his uncle, Willis Bus- sell. After raising a crop on the farm of G. W. Russell in 1861, he enlisted, in August, in Company B, Thirty-first Illinois Infantry, and served until May, 1862, when he was discharged on account of a relapse from the measles. He then returned to his mother's home and remained until 1863. He was married in the spring of that year, farming the old place, and finally, in October, moved to a sixty-acre tract given them by his wife's father. In 1880 he moved to an adjoining farm previously purchased in Section 25. His wife, Sarah A., daughter of James W. and Minerva J. (Arnold) Russell, was born in 1847 in the same sec- tion in which she is now living. Their six children are William A., John M., James M., Mary, Dora and Sarah J. Our subject also bought eighty acres, twenty acres of which he gave to his eldest son, and now has one of the best farms in the county, and is an extensive stock dealer. He is a Democrat, casting his first vote for McClellaii. He is a deacon in the United Baptist Church, of which his eldest son is a member. William W. Bourland. William W. Bourland, farmer, was born in Kentucky January 6, 1824. His father, William, Sr., born in Alabama, when 600 SALINE COUNTY. twenty-one, married Eachel, daughter of John Slaten, a farmer, and soon settled in Hopkins County, Ky. In 1828 he went to Gallatin, now Saline, County, 111., and besides his farming was a brick and stone mason. The father was in the war of 1812, and died in the old homestead in 1861. The mother, born in Ala- bama, died while on a visit to her daughter, Mrs. Moore, near Equality, in 1886. Our subject, one of fourteen children, and reared on a farm with ordinary education, has made farming his chief business. He served in the Mexican war seven months, and was discharged at Monterey, Mexico. In 1850 he married Nancy, daughter of Isaac Rude, a carpenter and a native of Pennsylvania. Their five children are William H., Isaac N., Mary C. (Reed), Martha W. and Mahulda A. Mrs. Bourland was born March 22, 1827, in Kentucky, and in 1847 came with her parents to Illinois. Isaac N. was born in Saline County April 20, 1855, reared and educated at the old home, and has adopted farming as his business in life. August 7, 1881, he married Alice, daughter of Thos. Scudamore, merchant and farmer. She was born August 3, 1856. Their only child is Elmer, born May 17, 1883. Isaac is a Democrat and a member of the Baptist Church. He has forty acres of land, devoted chiefly to cereals. Our subject, "William W., is a Democrat, and he and his wife are members of the Baptist Church. He has a fine home of 120 acres seven miles east of Harrisburg. Reuben Bramlet. Reuben Bramlet, farmer, was born within two miles of his present home, August 10, 1829. His father, Henry, a native of Virginia, came to Tennessee when a child, then to Kentucky, where he married, and in 1814 moved to Illinois Territory. His wife soon died and was the first buried in Wolf Creek Cemetery. He then married Malinda, daughter of William Easley, a farmer formerly of Virginia. The Bramlets were among the early BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 601 pioneers of the State. The father died in Eldorado, his home, during the wai-, and was buried at Bramlet Graveyard in Ealeigh Township. The mother died there about 1857. Our subject, one of ten children, reared on the farm with limited education, followed farming and stock dealing. In 1853 he married Mary E., daughter of Daniel McCoy, a farmer and a native of New Hampshire, but formerly of Ohio. She was born in Ohio Feb- ruary 13, 1836. Ten of their eleven children are living. Our subject is a solid Eepublican, a Mason and Odd Fellow. He and his wife are members of the Missionary Baptist Church. He settled on his present fine farm and home in 1828. It is two miles west of Eldorado. W. K. Burnett. W. K. Burnett, editor and publisher of the Harrishurg Mercury, is a native of Ealeigh, Saline Co., 111., and was born in 1858. He is the son of Hon. Charles and Julia A. ( Karnes) Burnett. At the beginning of this century three brothers came from England to the United States One settled in the East- ern, one in the Middle and one in the Western States, and Charles is of the middle branch. He was born in 1835 in Saline County and was a lawyer. In April, 1856, he established the Ealeigh Flag, at Ealeigh, among one of the first papers published in the county. It was burned a year later. He studied law then under Capt. William H. Parish, now of Harrisburg, with whom he became a partner. September 11, 1862, he enlisted in Company E, One Hundred and Tenth Eegiment Illinois Infantry, and March 30, 1863, was made first lieutenant and discharged May 8 of the same year. He was in the battle of Stone Eiver and numerous skirmishes. He resumed his practice in Elizabeth- town and in 1867 went to Shawneetown, where he died in March, 1871. His first wife, born in Ealeigh, died in 1865. Their three children are Jennie, wife of W. S. Cantrell, State's attorney 602 SALINE COUNTY. of Franklin County ; Adele, wife of John F. Ammon, Raleigh station agent, and our subject. He afterward married Lizzie Wright, who lives in Shawneetown. Their one child is Charles. Mr. Burnett represented the Third District in the State Legislature of 1808-70. Dependent on himself since fourteen and with a pub- lic school education, our subject was, when eighteen, made deputy circuit clerk, and after three years was, in 1882, made deputy clerk in the county court, in which he served nearly four years. Li November, 1885, he was made postmaster at Harris- burg, and about the same time he began the publication of his present paper, a live Democratic journal. In January, 1883, he married Emma, daughter of Peter and Mary Robinson, of Harris- burg, and born in Albany, N. Y. Mr. Burnett is a member of the I. O. O. F., K. of H. and S. of V. His wife is a member of the Presbyterian Church. Joseph M. Butler. Joseph M. Butler, farmer, was born in Crittenden, Ky., November 29, 1844, and came with his parents to Illinois in 1862 and settled on the present homestead. His father, Armsted, born in Culpeper County, Va., January 28, 1815, came to Ken- tucky when fifteen, and when of age married Margaret, daughter of Geo. Green, a native of Virginia. Six of their eleven children are living. The father, a farmer, served several years as justice in Kentucky, and February 13, 1886, died at the old homestead and was buried in Wolf Creek Cemetery, near Eldorado. The mother, born in Kentucky, is now living in Saline County, seventy-two years old. Raised on a farm and educated in the common schools and at Mount Zion Seminary, Macon Co., 111., our subject was a teacher for a time before he settled to his per- manent business of farming. At Raleigh, October 17, 1872, he married Louisa F., daughter of B. T. M. Pemberton, a merchant and tobacco dealer. She was born in Hamilton County, 111.,. BIOGEAPHICAL APPENDIX. 603 January 9, 1853. Their six children are Ida, Carrie, Lizzie, William F., Hallie and Mary K. Mr. Butler is a Kepublican, and he and his wife are members of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. The old home farm near Eldorado is his possession in undivided interest. J. J. Butler. J. J. Butler, for a history of whose parents see the biography of his brother, J.M.Butler, was born in Crittenden County, Ky., September 3, 1851, and Avas eleven years old when they came to Illinois. Raised on the farm and with a good education he ha s followed teaching and farming as his occupation. March 26, 1881, he married, in Eldorado, Rena A., daughter of Maj. William Elder, one of the founders of Eldorado, and who has lived in that vicinity sixty -three years, and served two terms each as sheriff and member of the State Legislature. Mrs. Butler was born in Eldorado May 19, 1857. Our subject is a Repub- lican and a member of the K. of H. His wife is a member of the Baptist Church. Their residence is on the old home farm of 227 acres, which is held by our subject in an undivided interest. Capt. T. J. Cain. Capt. T. J. Cain, farmer, was born in Gallatin County, 111., in 1824, and is one of twelve children of John and Elizabeth Cain, the former born in North Carolina in 1800, and the latter born September 26, 1806, in Stokes County, N. C. The father, a farmer, came to Illinois in 1820 and served in the Black Hawk war. He died May 29, 1886, and the mother died May 4, 1871. She was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church for the long period of forty-six years. Reared at home and educated in the home schools, our subject in 1841 was mar- ried to Mary Nelson, a native of Tennessee; she died July 9, 1871. They had six children, all living at present. Capt. Cain located on his present farm in 1841, and has chiefly devoted 604 SALINE COUNTY. his attention to that, although he was merchant for a time and deals largely in live stock. In 1871 he married Mrs. Lucy- Strickland, the daughter o£ C. H. and A. E. Prinn. They have one child. In 1852, elected sheriff of Saline County, he served one term and is an effectual, public-spirited worker. He is a Republican, and a member of the G, A. R. In August, 1861, he enlisted in Company B, Thirty-first Illinois Infantry of which he was the chief organizer, was mustered into service at Cairo, 111., and served until September, 1862, when he was obliged to resign on account of a wound in the left hip. Dr. S. L. Cheaney. Dr. S. Cheaney, physician and surgeon, was born in Hender- son County, Ky., in 1836, the son of Henry M. and Martha (Hazelwood) Cheaney. The father, of English stock, was born in Virginia in 1802, and when eighteen went with his parents to Henderson County, Ky., where he remained until his death in 1847. The mother, of English origin, was born in Virginia in 1811, and died in 1840. Two of their children are living: Lucy F., wife of G. W. White, deputy sheriff and revenue collector of Henderson County for the past eighteen years, and our subject. The latter received an ordinary common-school training, and three years of private instruction under Rev. J. J. Pierce, a cousin of Franklin Pierce, and a graduate of Princeton College. When eighteen he began the study of medicine under Dr. Kimbly, of Owensburg, Ky. In 1858 he graduated from the medical department of Louisville University. He at once came to Saline County and located at Independence, where he entered upon his practice. In July, 1861, he enlisted in Company E, Third Illinois Cavalry, as private, and was soon examined before the State Board; having passed as No. 1, he became assistant surgeon of the Twenty-ninth Illinois Infantry, March 31, 1862. The following October 31 he became surgeon of the regiment and held the BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 605 position for three years. He was at Shiloh, Vicksburg, Spanish Fort, Mobile and other places of less moment, and while in the South, in 1863, he met and married Buena Vista, daughter of J. M. McRee, of Jackson, Tenn., a cousin of President Polk. She was born in Eipley, Miss. Their children are Carrie, Jessie, Erichesen and Robert C. In January, 1866, he came to Harris- burg, and resumed his practice, and has for the past twenty years been one of the leading physicians of Saline County, with a most lucrative practice. He has the largest practice of any physician in Saline County, and has especial reputation as a skillful surgeon. He is at the head of his profession. He was a Republican at the begining of the war, but in the President Johnson impeachment trouble he became a Democrat, and a very prominent one. In 1876 he was a delegate to the National Con- vention which nominated S. J. Tilden. In 1878 he was elected to the State Senate, and served in the Thirty-first and Thirty- sec- ond Sessions, on the committees on education, finance, public charities, corporations, and others. He is a Master Mason, Odd Fellow, Knight of Honor, and a member of the G. A. R. He is president of the the County Medical Association, and holds the same position in the United States Pension Board. J. P. Chenault. J. P. Chenault, physician and surgeon, was born in 1850, in Saline County, one of seven children of Morris and Sarah (Jones) Chenault. The father, born in 1820, in Alabama, and a farmer by occupation, came to Saline County about 1838, and in 1842 bought about 200 acres of land, on which he still resides. The mother was born about 1820 in North Carolina; became a resident of Saline County when about sixteen, and is still living. Our subject received, besides ordinary school advantages, an education at Ewing College, Franklin County, and in 1874 entered St. Louis Medical College for one term. In 1877 the State board 606 SALINE COUNTY. gave liim a certificate to practice, since wliich he has been suc- cessfully engaged in his profession. He carries about $3,500 worth of stock in merchandise, in wliich he has also been engaged since 1882. In 1877 he married Lillie S., daughter of George and Sarah E. Yearian, born in 1858 in Saline County, 111. Their children are an infant (deceased) and Maudie. January 3, 1887, he was made notary public by the Governor, and he now attends to pension claims, legal papers, and all the business of such an office. His term expires in 1891. His first Republican vote was for Grant in 1872. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. lodge, and one of its trustees. He is also a member of the Mis- sionary Baptist Church, while his wife belongs to the Methodist Episcopal denomination, and both are among the best people of their community. A. S. Clark. A. S. Clark, merchant and speculator at Ealeigh, was born in Saline County, 111., in 1854, one of seven children of St. Clair and Nancy (Davis) Clark. The father, born in 1820 in Blount County, Tenn., was a farmer and carpenter, and after his marriage settled in Saline County, III, where he died in 1854. The mother, born in 1826 in Blount County, died at Princeton, Ky., in 1872. After his common school education, our gtibject, in 1873, began four years of teaching. Since 1880 he has been in the tobacco trade, and since 1886 has been a merchant, carrying a stock of about $3,500, selling the lowest and paying the highest prices for tobacco and produce. Besides these, he carries on one of the finest stock farms in the county, owning 290 acres of fine cultivated land. In 1881 he married Nellie, daughter of T. J. and Elizabeth Hale, born in Saline County, 111., in 1865. Lawrence is one of their two children. In politics he is a Democrat, first voting for Tilden, and is one of the leading citizens. His wife is a member of the Missionary Baptist Church. biographical appendix. 607 William D. Clary. William D. Clary, a pioneer farmer of Saline County, was born in May, 1809, in Newberry District, of South Carolina. He is the only living one of five children cf William, Sr., and Delila (Con- well) Clary, the former of Welsh-Scotch origin, born about 1775, in Newberry District, South Carolina, and the latter of English ancestry, born about 1776 in the same region. The father was killed before the birth of our subject while trading with the Cherokee Nation, and several years later the mother married Eobert West, a native of the same district. Our subject left honie in March, 1832, when he came to Illinois and settled a tract in Gallatin (now Saline) County, where he now resides, and after returning home in December his mother and her husband, the next March, came back with him to his claim, where the mother died in 1840. When thirty-one our subject married Mary, daughter of James and Isabelle (Wells) Young, of Hamilton County, 111. They were formerly of South Carolina, where his wife was born in 1820. Their five children are Frances A., Joseph M., Louisa E., Nancy G. (wife of R. L, Ramsey) and William M. Out of the original wilderness he has now made himself a good farm of 160 acres, 120 acres of which are cleared. His wife died October 7, 1877. Mr. Clary is a Democrat and first voted for Jackson. He and his daughter Louisa are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, while Frances and Mrs. Ramsey are members of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. George W. Clayton, Geo. W. Clayton, farmer and stock raiser, was born in Robertson County, Tenn., in 1839, the son of Thornton and Elizabeth (Babb) Clayton. The father, Scotch-Irish in origin, was born in North Carolina, and removed to Tennessee when a boy. He was twice married, his second wife being our subject's mother, who was born in Tennessee, and is still living seventy- 608 SALINE COUNTY. seven years old, a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. The father, after a short time in Saline County, died in 1857. Our subject, educated in the common schools, left home at twenty-five, and, in 1866, married Sarah A. Abney who died the same year, and in 1868 he married the second time, to Harriett E., daughter of Carroll Kelley, of Williamson County, where she was born. Four of their five children are living: Jas. M., Arlina, Ora M. and Stella. He owns seventy-five acres nine miles north- west of Harrisburg, and has lived on his present farm since 1876. In 1862, he enlisted in Company C, Ninth Illinois Mounted Infantry, and served to the close. He was appointed postmaster of Hartford in 1866, and held it twelve years. Since November, 1885, he has been justice of the peace. A Whig formerly, cast- ing his first vote for John Bell, he has since been a Democrat. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. and G. A. R., and is a live, active citizen. John Cuktner. John Curtner, a farmer of Saline County, was born in Galla- tin (now Saline) in 1835. He is one of seven children, five of whom are living, born to Duncan and Nancy (Harris) Curt- ner. The former was of Dutch-Scotch descent, and was born in Kentucky about 1806; the latter, who is of Dutch descent, was born a few years later, and both came with their respec- tive parents to Illinois. Duncan Curtner was in the Black Hawk war, and soon after coming home from that war married and settled in Douglas Precinct, where he resided until after the birth of our subject, when he moved to the farm now owned by Newton Harris. Upon this farm he resided until his death in 1850. Mrs. Curtner is still living with her son, the subject of this sketch, who in his youth received a limited education in the common schools. At the age of twenty-five he married and settled on a farm sit^^ated in Section 32, Township 9, Range 5, where he is now residing. His wife was Abril Miller, daughter BIOGEAPHICAL APPENDIX. 609 of James and Elizabeth (Holmes) Miller, who was born about 1843 in Gallatin (now Saline) County, and as the result of this marriage there are seven living children : Almira, Charley, Aza- riah, Lucy, Nancy Jane, William S. and John, Mr. Curtner is a hard-working, enterprising and successful farmer, and now owns a very good farm of 300 acres, the most of which is in good, tillable condition. Our subject is a Prohibitionist in sentiment. He cast his first vote for President for James Buchanan. He is a member of Stonefort Lodge, No. 485, F. & A. M. ; of Lodge No. 9, F. M. B. A., and his two eldest children are members of the, United Baptist Church. Egbert H. Davis. Robert H. Davis, farmer, was born in 1824 in Wayne County, N. C, the youngest of ten children (three living) of William and Lavina (Hosey) Davis. The father, of English-L'ish de- scent, born about 1765 in Georgia, left home at twenty-two, and went to North Carolina, where he married. When our subject was three years old they went to Union County, 111., and engaged in farming, but in 1828 finally settled in Alexander County, where he died two years later. The mother, of English origin, born in North Carolina about 1775, then lived with her daughter, Mrs. Cross, in Union County, until her death about 1840. Our subject was, after his father's death, hired out to squat- ters to support the family until he was eighteen, when he mar- ried Hannah Hileman and settled on eighty acres in Union County. Two of their five children are living — Elizabeth, wife of W. Marshall, and Mary, wife of L. Pettinger. After his wife's death in 1852 he moved to Cape Girardeau County, Mo., where he bought a 100-acre woodland tract on the Mississippi River, near Hamburg Landing, and established a woodyard for fur- nishing fuel for steamboats. About a year and a quarter later 610 SALINE COUNTY. he went to Pope County, III, and settled on 110 acres. In 1860 he married Susan, daughter of Howard and Juliet (Pierson) Gaskins, near Harrisburg. Their seven children are Levi ; Har- riett, wife of George Burnett; Juliet, wife of Augustus Bright; Ardenia, wife of John Smith; Florence, Delia and Warren E., and a boy and girl both deceased. In October, 1873, he traded his Pope County farm for his present farm of 110 acres, well improved, and has become one of the first farmers of the county from his beginning as a squatter's servant. Formerly a Demo- crat, he has since IS 60 been a Eepublican, first voting for Cass. He is also a Prohibitionist. In 1882 B. & Thomas Garner made him their manager for clearing and buying ^7,000 worth of land, and he now has charge of 700 acres for them, 65 acres of which are cleared. He has also loaned money for the Saline County Bank, with the same success in managing as he has shown in his other enterprises. B. A. DUBHAM. B. A. Durham, farmer and teacher, was born in 1855, in Saline County, 111., one of two children of Isham P. and U. A. (Braden) Durham. The father, a farmer, was born in Saline County, 111., May 5, 1835, is still living on his fine farm of 200 acres. The mother, Unicey A., born in Saline County in 1835, is also living on the old homestead. Besides common-school advan- tages, our subject completed a course at Crescent City Commer- cial College, Evansville, Ind. Since 1875 he has been one of the foremost teachers of the county. He owns a finely improved farm of 160 acres, to which he also attends. In 1878 he married Sarah A., daughter of M. M. and Sarah Jackson, born in Scott County, Miss., in 1856. Politically he is a Democrat, first voting for Hancock. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., and is a respected citizen. He and his wife are members of the Mis- sionary Baptist Church. BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 611 A. ^V. Durham. A. W. Durham, mayor of Harrisburg, was born in Gallatin County (now Saline), 111., in 1832, the son of Ira and Maria (Carter) Durham. The father, English in origin, was born in Warren County, Tenu., in 1804, and was a farmer, the son of James Durham, who was a native of Virginia, went to Middle Tennessee near the' close of the eighteenth century. After his marriage, the father, Ira, came to Illinois in 1828, bringing his father with him, who died in 1835 at the age of seventy- six. He settled on 160 acres, part of which is now owned by his son, I. P. Durham, and died there in 1870, one of the pioneers of southern Illinois, and especially of Saline County. The mother was born in 1806 in Tennessee, and died in 1863. Four of their eight children are living: William (a miller in Hardin County), our subject, Isom P. (at the old home), and Paradine (wife of David Lyon, who lived in Benton, 111., a miller). Educated in the home private schools, and giving the proceeds of his farm labor to his parents until his nineteenth year, he then bought 160 acres of government land near the old home, and prepared himself a home. When twenty-three he began teaching, con- tinuing four terms. In 1851 he married Melvina E., daughter of Rev. Achilles Coffee, born in Saline County, 111. Their only child was Serilda, deceased wife of Marshall Dean. Mrs. Durham died in 1854, and in 1858 he married Margaret, daugh- ter of Lewis Webb, of Franklin County. Their only child is Medora, wife of J. W. Dorris, merchant, Harrisburg. In 1858 our subject went to Allen County, Kas., entered a claim and resumed farming, but after three years returned to Harrisburg, and in 1862 lost his wife. In 1863 he was elected sheriff to fill a vacancy, and served one term. In 1870 he and J. Q. Norman established the Excelsior Hotel, but July 4, 1878, they removed to what is now Durham's Repose, and here keep a first-class house. Since March, 1886, he has held his present position as 612 SALINE COUNTY. mayor. He owns four houses and six lots in the city, and for several years has been a carpenter, having learned the trade him- self. He also owns eighty acres of land. He is a Democrat, a member of the Baptist Church, and a highly esteemed citizen. Edward F. Dwyer. Edward F. Dwyer, miller, of Dwyer Bros., dealers in wheat, corn, flour, meal, feed, etc., was born in 1833 in Tipperary County, Ireland. He is the son of Edward and Hanora (Dwyer) Dwyer, born in Ireland in 1801 and 1802 respectively. The father, a civil engineer, railway and road contractor in connection with farming, went to Brantford, Canada., in 1848, and in 1854 came to Chicago, where he died the same year, and his wife resided there until her death in 1882. Seven children are liv- ing, four of whom are in Chicago and have families there. Educated in his native land, our subject worked on the farm, and in Canada in his father's shop, but at Chicago began the wheel- wright and carpenter's trade. In 1863 he married Mary A., daughter of Edward Higgins, one of the fii-st settlers of Chicago, where she was born. Their five children are Annie, Mary, Julia, Vincent and Emma. In 1864, with ft brother, Thomas, he began merchandising in Cairo, and after fourteen months they moved to Crab Orchard, 111., and added milling also. In 1873 Edward purchased a grist-mill in Harrisburg for $2,500, and in 1882 remodeled it at a cost of 10,000, with a combination of rol- lers and buhrs, and a capacity of seventy-five barrels daily. The brothers have been in partnership since 1864, and besides their mill at Crab Orchard, Thomas is one of the largest stock dealers in Williamson County. Edward lost his wife in 1875, and the following year married Emma Kline, a native of Cincinnati, Ohio. Their children are Katie, Edward L. and Grace. Mr. Dwyer is a skillful millwright and a leading business man. He is a Kepublican, and is a member of the A. O. U. W. and S. K., also a member of the Catholic Church. biographical appendix. 613 Gregory Jackson Empson. Gregory Jackson Empson, one of the oldest and most sub- stantial farmers of Saline County, was born in Robertson County, Tenn., in 1828. He is the seventh of ten children — only three of whom are living — born to William and Elizabeth (Morris) Emp- son. The former was of English extraction, and was born in North Carolina in 1782, and the latter was of Scotch-Irish descent born also in North Carolina about 1784 They came to Tennessee when young, the former with his older brothers and sisters and the latter with her parents. They were married in Robertson County, that State, and when the subject of this sketch was but four years old they moved to what was then Gallatin County, now Saline, Section 9, Township 9, Range 5. Here William Empson was engaged in clearing and improv- ing his farm until his wife's death about 1835, he continuing to live on the farm a few years, after which he lived with his chil- dren until his death in 1847. Our subject received most of his education in Tennessee. After his mother's death he returned to that State and attended school two years. After his father's death he soon settled on the farm situated in Section 4, Town- ship 9, Range 5. In 1851 he was married to Julia Boatright, daughter of Daniel and Mary (Gasaway) Boatright. She was born in 1832 in what is now Saline County. She and Mr. Emp- son are the parents of eight children: William Jasper; Mary Ellen, wife of John Wilkins; M. D. Empson, a promising young physician and surgeon of Saline County; Drusilla, wife of Sam- uel Cozart; Harmon; Jerusha Ann, wife of Wiley Odum; Isaac Franklin and Margaret Belle. In September, 1861, Mr. Empson enlisted in Company F, Sixth Illinois Cavalry, and served until November 5, 1865. He was in the battles of Dyersburg, Hurri- cane Creek, Moscow Springs, Coifeeville, Meridian, Union Church, Nashville and many others of smaller note. At Union Church he was thrown from his horse, and this accident was the cause of a life- 614 SALINE COUNTY. long and bvirdensome rupture. While on the Griersou raid he was captured by tlie rebel forces and held in Libby prison until the following October, when he was exchanged. He received final discharge at Springfield, 111., but was mustered out at Selma, Ala., November 5, 1865. He was married the second time in October, 1882, to Eoxanna Choat, daughter of Thomas Jefferson and Angelina Harriet (Williams) Choat, of Robertson County, Tenn. She was born in that county in 1849. As a result of this marriage there are two children: Thomas Jefferson and Lillie Jackson. In 1880 Mr. Empson was elected sheriff of Saline County, and for two years thereafter resided in Harris- burg, at the close of his term of service declining a renomination. By untiring energy and industry he has converted his farm from a wilderness into one of the best farms in Saline County. It consists of 160 acres, is well cultivated and supplied with an abundance of good water. He is always busily engaged in labor. Politically he is a Democrat, and cast his first vote for Franklin Pierce in 1852. He is a member of Galatia Lodge, No. 354, F. & A. M. and of George Newell Post, No. 484, G. A. R. Mr. Empson, himself, is a professor of religion, and Mary E., Dru- silla, Harmon, Jerusha A. and Isaac F. are members of the United Baptist Church. William is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church South. During the years 1877, 1878 and 1879 the subject of this sketch was assessor of Townships 7 8 and 9, Range 5, and was clerk of the Williamson Association of United Baptists for two years at the time of its organization. M. D. Empson, M. D. M. D. Empson, M. D,, was born in Saline County, in 1856, the son of Gregory J. and Julia (Boatright) Empson. The father, born in Robertson County, Tenn., in 1832, was the son of William Empson, and reared in his native county. When a young man he went to Saline County, and at the age of twenty- BIOGEAPHICAL APPENDIX. 615 six was married. He has since been one of the county's influen- tial farmers and citizens. He served four years in the Sixth Ill- inois Cavalry in a number of prominent battles, and was captured in Louisiana, with a three months' imprisonment in Libby prison. For a time he served in the position of orderly sergeant. In 1880 he was elected sheriff of Saline County, and served two years. The mother was born in Illinois in 1838. Both are living and are members of the Missionary Baptist Church. Besides an ordinary education, our subject, v\^hen sixteen, entered Ewing College and attended five years, teaching at intervals, five terms. In 1882 he graduated from the Medical College of Missouri ; has since had a large practice at Hartford, and is already ranking high in his profession. He also owns forty-one acres ten miles northwest of Harrisburg, and is extensively engaged in stock trading. He has been postmaster of Hartford since 1885. In October, 1882, he married Iva W., daughter of Dr. M. D. and Amanda Robinson. Two of their three children are living : Ruth and Opal. Politically he is a Democrat, first voting for Cleve- land. He is a prominent Mason, and in a class of 197 graduated with second honors in his profession. W. H. Evans. W. H. Evans, farmer, was born in Pennsylvania in 1826, one of six children of R. D. and Mary (Eberly) Evans, both of Penn- sylvania, and born the same year. The father, a nursery man, went to Indiana about 1834, and died in 1847, and the mother in 1832. Educated at home, and at Philadelphia in the first school organized there on the Lancastrian principle, our subject soon learned blacksmithing and mechanical engineering, which busi- ness he followed until the war broke out. He was then govern- ment steamboat engineer and helped construct some of the largest gunboats built during the war. In 1850 he married Elizebeth, daughter of B. and Rachel Meek, born in Kentucky in 1836. 616 SALINE COUNTY. Their three children are Mamie, wife of John Ingraham ; William and Harry. Since the war Mr. Evans has been devoted to farm- ing, and in 1876 located near Harrisburg, where he owns 200 acres of valuable land. He is a Eepublican, and while in Indiana was postmaster about ten years at Evans' Landing, named in his honor. He is a thoroughly versed engineer in all the departments to which he has given attention. Always an ardent temperance advocate, he is now a national prohi- bitionist. W. D. EZELL. W. D. Ezell, physician and surgeon, was born in Hamilton County, 111., in 1860. He is one of nine children of Bailum and Nancy E. (Littlepage) Ezell. The father, born in 1823, in Hop- kins County, Ky., and a farmer and stock raiser, moved to Ham- ilton County, 111., in 1859, and bought his present old homestead of 120 acres, on which he still resides. His ancestors, as far back as his memory serves him, have been ministers of the Bap- tist Church, and he has followed in their footsteps for the last thirty years. The mother, born in Hopkins County, Ky., in 1827, is also still living on the old farm home. Our subject had an ordinary education and from 1879 taught school for three years. He then entered the medical college at Evansville, Ind., but after one term he entered and in 1885 graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, at Keokuk, Iowa. He has since had an extensive practice in Saline and Hamilton Counties. July 20, 1884, he married Orillia, the daughter of L. L. and S. M. CofPee, born in 1863, in Saline County, 111. She is a granddaughter of Gen. Coffee. Politically our subject is a Democrat; his wife is a member of the Baptist Church, and both are among the respected citizens of their community. M. M. Fox. M. M. Fox, farmer and teacher, was born in 1858, in Cald- well, Ky., one of eight children of B. S. and Sarah C. (McChes- BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX, 617 ney) Fox. The father, born in 1824, in Hopkins County, Ky., and by occupation a farmer, came to Saline County, 111., in 1864, where he bought 120 acres of land, on which he now resides. He served as justice while in Kentucky, and in the late war as scout for the Federal Army. In September, 1847, he enlisted in Capt. Kohn's company. Fourth Kentucky Volunteer Infantry serving until near the close of the war, and honorably discharged on account of disability. The mother, born in 1832, in Cald- well County, Ky., is still living. Besides ordinary school advan- tages, our subject was educated at Ewing College, Franklin County, 111., and Crescent Commercial College, Evansville, Ind. Since 1872 he has been among the first class teachers of the county. In his summer vacations, however, he is devoted to the cultivation of his farm of eighty acres. In 1880 he married M. M. Jones, the daughter of John and Margaret Jones, born in Saline County, in 1859. Their children are Nell, Edna and Ethel, He is a Eepublican, casting his first vote for Cooper. He and his wife are members of the Missionary Baptist Church and are among our best citizens. William P. Furlong. William P. Furlong, farmer, was born in 1846 in Williamson County, 111., one of seven children of Benjamin F. and Mary J. (White) Furlong, both of English origin, and born, the former about 1818 in Tennessee, and the latter about 1824. They came to Illinois when but children, and in 1840 were married in Will- iamson County. The father, a physician, practiced in Johnson County, then Williamson County, until about 1875, when he set- tled at his present home in Carrier Mills, Saline County. Our subject was educated in Marion, Williamson County, and at the Bloomington State Normal. At sixteen he enlisted in Company C, One Hundred and Tenth Illinois Infantry, and served until June, 1865, and was mustered out at Washington. He returned home 618 SALINE COUNTY. from Chicago and farmed and began school. In 1870 he mar- ried Julia A., daughter of Elias and Melvina (Hampton) Weaver, and settled on a farm near his present home. In 1883 he traded for his present home in Section 24, Saline County. His wife was born in 1854, in Harrisburg Precinct. Their seven children are Franklin, Harvey, Walter, Elias (deceased). Pleasant, Robert and an infant boy. He owns 120 acres of improved land. His health is affected by his war hardships: a case of measles at Nashville, a wound in the calf at Jonesboro, and on the neck at Atlanta. He is a Republican and first voted for Grant in 1868. He is a Mason, Harrisburg Lodge, and a member of the G. A. R., George Newell Post, No. 454. Thomas F. Gasaway. Thomas F. Gasaway, merchant and farmer, was born near Galatia in 1823, and is a son of Thomas and Nancy (Boatright) Gasaway. The father, born at Petersburg, Va., about 1786, was a son of John Gasaway, a native of Scotland, and who, having come to the United States when a boy, was seven years a soldier of the Revolution under Gen. Morgan, and afterward a resident of Tennessee. Thomas, Sr., was about twelve when they came to Tennessee, and about 1812 he married, and in 1816 became one of the earliest pioneers of what is now Saline County, and of this section of the State. He served about sixteen years as justice, and died in 1843. The mother was a native of Virginia, and died in 1854 at about the age of sixty-three years. Both were members of the Regular Baptist Church. Our subject was reared and educated at home, and in 1843 married Martha, daughter of John and Patsey Karnes, early pioneers of the county. She was born near Galatia in 1826. Four of their five children are living: William F., Americus, Melissa (wife of James M. Pugh, deceased) and Laura (wife of John Biby, of Carters- ville, Williamson County). In 1874 our subject left the home BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 619 farm, and has since been engaged in the grocery business in Galatia, He is a good business man, and before its division among his children he owned 420 acres of land, 100 acres of which he still retains near Galatia. He spent two years with Company E, Twenty-ninth Illinois Infantry, in every engage- ment from Belmont to Vicksburg. He was discharged on account of, disability in March, 1863. His son, William, was also in service two years, enlisting at sixteen in Company F, Sixth Illinois Cavalry. Formerly a Democrat, and first voting for Polk, our subject has since the war been a firm Republican. JosiAH Gold. Josiah Gold, superintendent of county poor, was born in Smith County, Tenn., in 1827, the son of Josiah, Sr., and Martha (Avery) Gold. The father, born in 1797 in Virginia, where he married, bought a farm in Wilson County, Tenn., where he lived until 1857 with the exception of a few years in Smith County. He then came to Saline County, near Raleigh, where he died about 1862. The mother, born in Virginia in 1796, died in 1876. Only two of their eleven children are living: Martha, wife of John Smith, and our subject, who lived at home until his majority, and was educated in the schools of Wilson County, Tenn. In 1851 he married Martha Tomlinson, born in Wilson County, Tenn. Their one child is Alice, wife of W. W. Woodson. In 1855 he settled near Raleigh as a farmer, and in 1855 bought 120 acres of land near Harrisburg, but sold out in 1875 and bought his present fifty acres. Since 1879 he has had charge of the public poor, caring for each at the rate of from $90 to SI 10 per year, and has the use of the 120 acres of county farm. They average per year fifteen inmates, now having twenty, and is well situated and able to care for his charges. He is a Republican, first voting for Taylor, and was for one term a magis- trate in Harrisburg Precinct. He and his wife are members of 620 SALINE COUNTY. the Baptist Church. From a poor man, by his careful manage- ment Mr. Gold has become owner of 370 acres of land, and is satisfactorily filling his office. J. H. Grace. J. H. Grace, of Gregg & Grace, druggists, was born in 1850, in Pope County, 111., the son of D. B. and Mary J. (Jayner) Grace. The father, a native of Tennessee, at the age of eighteen came to Illinois and lived a few years in Hardin County, after- ward locating near where Stone Fort now is, as a farmer. In 1857 he moved to Marion, Williamson County, and began milling and wool-carding. In 1862 he came to Harrisburg and followed the same business, and during the war speculated extensively in cotton. He died in 1882. The mother, a native of North Caro- lina, is living in Harrisburg, and is the mother of six children: Our subject, Nelia(wife of W. M. Gregg), Bryant D., Minnie (wife of L. D. Farthing), May and Eennie. Educated in the common schools, our subject began teaching at nineteen and so continued for ten years in Saline County, with the exception of one term in Gallatin. In 1879 he began clerking in W. P. Hallock's drug store, then after three years hired to Dr. Rathboue for whom he worked the following eighteen months, and then the same length of time at Mound City. In 1885 their present firm was formed. In 1871 he married Sarah Organ, a native of Wayne County, 111. Their only child is Paul. Mr. Grace is a courteous busi- ness man, and they carry an excellent stock of drugs, books station- ery, paints, oils, varnishes, brushes perfumery, fancy and toilet arti- cles, etc. In politics he is a Republican, first voting for Grant in 1872. He is a member of the K. of H. and he and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church. William M. Gregg. William M. Gregg, of Gregg & Grace, druggists, was born in Hamilton County in 1849, the son of Hugh and Stacy (Skel- BIOGEAPHICAL APPENDIX. 621 ton) Gregg. The father, born in South Carolina, went to Ham- ilton County with his father, Francis, when a lad, pioneers of southern Illinois. Hugh was a farmer; in 1863 moved to Williamson County ; in 1869 came to Harrisburg and died the same year. He was influential in his party, serving in both Houses of the Legislature from Hamilton County, and in the Lower House from Williamson County. He was married three times, and was father of thirteen children. His second wife, Stacy (Skelton), was a native of Virginia, and died in 1861, at the age of forty years. Three children lived to maturity. James M., one of the children, was a prominent criminal lawyer in southern Illinois, and died in June 1886. Emily C. is the wife of Mr. Jenkins. Our subject was educated in the common schools, and when nineteen began for himself, clerking in a dry goods store' for two years. In 1870 he was appointed deputy clerk of circuit court, and six months later he became deputy county clerk and served five years. In 1880 he was appointed master of chancery and served two and a half years. In August, 1882, he was appointed sheriff of Saline County, to fill an unexpired term, and in November was elected, serving four years. In 1885 he and his brother- in-law, J. H. Grace, formed a partnership in the drug business, in which they are succeeding finely. August 22, 1873, he mar- ried Nelia, daughter of D. B. Grace, a native of Saline County, Their children are Thomas and Roy. He is a Knight of Honor and he and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church. James Gohe. James Gore, farmer, was born in 1838 in Hopkins County, Ky., one of ten children of James, Sr., and Regina (Trayler) Gore. The father, born in 1788, in Virginia, and a farmer by occupation, became one of the earliest settlers of Kentucky. He owned 200 acres where he spent his life and died in 1852. The mother, born in South Carolina in 1798, died in Kentucky in 622 SALINE COUNTY. 1875. Our sufeject was educated in Hopkins County schools in Kentucky, and since 1863 has been a farmer of Saline County. December 1-4, 1859, he was married to Martha, daughter of John and Cynthia Leech, born in 1838 in Caldwell County, Ky. Their nine children are James A., Ida M., John W., Henry E., Charles H., Elmer, Hattie A., Ada and Lillian. In 18G4 he enlisted in Company I, Seventeenth Kentucky Volunteer Cav- alry for the war and was honorably discharged in October, 1865. In politics he is a Republican, first voting for Bell. He is a member of the G. A. R., and one of the reliable citizens of the region. Albert Gore, his son, is a teacher by profession, and was born in 1860, in Hopkins County, Ky. He is one of the foremost teachers of the county, and has been since 1879. He also owns forty acres of fine land. He is a Republican and first voted for Blaine. He is one of the rising young citizens. W. H. Hall. W. H. Hall, proprietor of the Galatia Hotel, United States claim and insurance agent, and justice of the peace, was born near Galatia in Saline County in 1835, one of twelve children, of Will- iam and Sarah (Currey) Hall. The father, of Irish stock, was born near Raleigh, N. C, in 1792, and when a young man moved to Rutherford County, Tenn. He farmed with his father, and in 1816 moved to Gallatin (now Saline) County, 111., and entered 200 acres of government land, living there until his death in 1858. The mother, Irish in lineage, born near Richmond, Va., in 1795, moved to Tennessee when she was a child. She died in 1870 in Saline County. Our subject began for him- self when he was twenty years old, unable to read or write, but by hard study in his evenings and leisure hours he secured a good business education. He entered eighty acres of govern- ment land and continued farming until 1883, when he moved to Galatia. In 1885 he bought his present hotel, and in 1856 BIOGKAPHICAL APPENDIX. 623 married Elizabeth, daughter of William and Perneacy Blakely. She was born in 1837 in Hardin County, 111. Three of seven children are living: Nancy A., wife of John Bozarth; Mary J., wife of Chas. H. Lamb, and Eandall P., in school. He is a Democrat and has been justice for the precinct of his birth for twenty-seven years. His wife is a member of the Regular Bap- tist Church, and both are highly respected people of their com- munity. Otto Heinmann. Otto Heinmann, butcher and ice dealer of Harrisburg, was born in Prussia, July 4, 1842, the son of Henry and Catherine Heinmann, natives of Prussia and both deceased. The father was a cooper by trade. Six of their nine children are living. Our subject, the seventh, attended his home schools until fifteen, when he was taken into military service, serving two years in infantry and four years in cavalry. In 1868 he came to the United States and located at Belleville, 111., where he established a butcher shop. In 1871 he married Lizzie Weisenboern, a native of Belle- ville. Their children are Mollie, Earnest, Minnie, Tillie and Lillie. In 1872 he came to Harrisburg and resumed batchering. He averages about 150 cattle, the same number of hogs and about fifteen sheep annually. In 1881 he began dealing in ice, and in 1884 became agent for keg and bottle beer and soda water of all kinds. He now owns seven acres of land in Harrisburg, and eight houses and lots. He is a Republican, a member of the A. O. U. W. and Select Knights, and he and his wife are mem- bers of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. He is one of the most enterprising business men of the place. Prof. N. B. Hodsdon. Prof. N. B. Hodsdon, of the Galatia schools, was born in Bethel, Me., in 1883, one of eight children of James and Esther (Bartlett) Hodsdon. The father, of English origin, and born in 624 SALINE COUNTY. Oxford County, Me., was a farmer, and a soldier in the war of 1812 about two years. In 1854 he died in Greenwood, Me., and the mother, likewise of English origin and born in Bethel, died in Grey, Me., in 1856. Our subject was educated in the State Normal School near Boston, and at twenty had engaged with a railroad for four years. He also attended an academic school about one year before his normal course, which occupied two years. In 1?^58 he took charge of the Carmi (HI.) schools, and in four years resigned to enlist in Company F, Eighty -seventh Illinois Infantry. After a year as second lieutenant, he was made first lieutenant, and so continued through the war. He was in the siege and capture of Yicksburg, and on the Red River expedition. After his return to Maine to regain his health, he continued teaching, and in 1874 resumed charge of the Carmi schools. After four years he became principal of the Metropolis (111.) schools, and was then principal of the Metropolis Collegiate Institute. After four years he became superintendent of the Efiingham schools for two years. He was principal of the Harris- burg schools for two years before he took his present position. In 1861 he married Mary F., daughter of Daniel and Harriett Choplin, and born in Waterford, Me. She died in 1874, and in 1876 he married Flora, daughter of Dr. Pollard, and born in Evansville, Ind. Their only child is Mary Daisy, born at Metrop- olis, January 9, 1881. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a Republican, a Mason, a comrade of the G. A. R. and a leading citizen of his county. D. N. S. Hudson. D. N. S. Hudson, physician and surgeon, was born in Cory- don, Ind., in 1844. He is the son of James E. and Margaret (Reynolds) Hudson. The father, of Scotch-Irish origin, was born in 1807, in Kentucky. He was a blacksmith, and at the time of his marriage lived at Corydon, where his life was spent BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 625 from his fourth year. The mother, of German origin, and born in Norfolk, Va., died in 1870. Seven of their nine children are living. Our subject, just from the Corydon High School enlisted, in April, 1861, in Company C, Seventeenth Eegiment Volunteer Infantry, for three months, but was mustered in for three years. His was the first company organized in the county. He fought at Greenbrier, Corinth, Hover's Gap (Tenn. ), Chicka- mauga, Kennesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Stone Mountain, Jones- boro, Selma (Ala.), Macon, Shiloh, and numerous severe skir- mishes. He was captured at Silver Springs,Tenn., but was retained but three days, and paroled. He remained in service until peace was declared, in September, 1865. He began attending school at home, and also commenced the study of medicine. He began teaching in 1866, continuing for three years. In 1868 he entered the medical department of Louisville University, and graduated in 1886, in the meantime practicing at Marion, III, from 1870, and in Harrisburg from 1879, where he is one of the leading physicians, and has a very lucrative practice. In 1879 he became secretary of the United States Pension Examining Board. In July, 1870, he married Mary T. Sherertz, a native of East Ten- nessee. Their five children are Hortense L., Eva L., James S., Maud L. and Eubie. His wife died in February, 1885. Dr. Hudson is secretary of the Saline County Medical Association. He is a member of the F. & A. M., I. O. O. F. (in all degrees), A. O. U. W. and K. of H., and is politically a Republican. He married his second wife on the 25th of May, 1887. She was the widow of Almus Damron,.late State's attor- ney of Johnson County, and the daughter of Hon. A. J. Kuyken- dall, ex-member of Congress, who also served four terms in the State Senate since his service in Congress. Prof. James E. Jobe. Prof. James E. Jobe, county superintendent of Saline County schools, was born in Boone County, Ind., February 19, 1856, the 626 SALINE COUNTY. son of Lafayette J. and Martha E. (Blake) Jobe. The father, of English ancestry, and born in Putnam County, Ind., in 1829, was a carpenter by trade. The grandfather, William, a native of Virginia, in 1824 settled in Putnam County, Ind., afterward in Hendricks County, and in 1875 moved to Nebraska, where he died in his eighty -ninth year. The father, Lafayette, was living in Putnam County, where he married. Afterward he was in Hen- dricks and Boone Counties, and in 1872 moved to Lidianapolis, Ind. He came to Harrisburg Township in 1873, where he was accidentally killed, in 1877, by a falling timber at the erection of a saw mill. He enlisted in Company F, Tenth Regular Indiana Volunteers, and afterward was transferred to the Fifty-sixth Regiment. He was at Lookout Mountain, and Atlanta, where an injury from a fall off a high bluff necessitated the use of crutches three years. The mother, born in Salem County, N. C. , lived in Boone County, Ind., after three years of age, and is yet living. Her four children are William T., a carpenter; James E. ; Belle, wife of James Lyon, and Albert. Our subject gradu- ated from Zionsville Academy, in Boone County, Ind., in 1871. In 1873 he came to Saline County with his parents, and at nine- teen began teaching, and since 1875 has been teaching continu- ously in Saline County — in 1878 at Galatia. In 1886 the Republican party elected him to his present position — a four years' term — his majority being 139. September 30, 1875, he married Mollie, daughter of Rev. W. C. Bickers, of Saline County, and born there in 1856. Their two children are Claude and Carl. He is a member of the F. & A. M., L O. O. F., A. O. U. W. and S. of V. He and his wife are members of the Baptist Church. Mr. Jobe is one of the leading educators of the county and a most successful organizer. John J. Jones. John J. Jones, farmer, was born in Williamson County, 111., July 21, 1836. His father, William C, formerly of Alabama, BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 627 came to Saline County about 1824, where in 1826 he married Eliza J., daughter of William Burnett, a blacksmith and farmer. She was born in Tennessee June 16, 1807, and died February 7, 1880, in Hamilton County, 111., buried in the Masonic Ceme- etery at Ealeigh. The youngest of their children, and losing his father when but a child, our subject received but a limited edu- cation, and has made farming his chief business. In 1862 he became deputy sheriff at Harrisburg, and afterward served two terms as sheriff, elected in 1864 and 1874, For three years he was also police magistrate, and although defeated as a candidate for the Legislature by Jas. Macklin, he ran ahead of his ticket. Since 1877 he has lived at his present home. November 6, 1860 he married Emeline S. Burkhart at Kaleigh. Their four children are Annetta M., Eichard, Grant and May. His wife was born January 31, 1842, in Saline County, and died May 24, 1869, at Harrisburg. November 28, 1872, he married Louisa E., daughter of Armsted Butler, a farmer. Three of four children are living: Maud, John J. and Garfield. His wife was born in Kentucky, January 4, 1849, and died at his present home October 22, 1884. Our subject is a Eepublican, a Mason and an Odd Fellow. In his religious views he is liberal. He has a fine cereal farm of 135 acres just west of Eldorado. Thomas A. Jones. Thomas A. Jones was born in Wilson County, Tenn., in 1825, the son of Wiley and Polly W. (Johnson) Jones. The father, Welsh and English in origin, was born in 1799 in Davidson County, Tenn., and came with his father to his beautiful tract of land near Lebanon, in Wilson County, when he was a boy. He married in 1822 and afterward bought part of the old place; then, in 1831, with one horse and a small yoke of steers he brought his family to Saline County, 111., and bought 120 acres of good land unimproved, and afterward eighty acres more near 628 SALINE COUNTY. Raleigh, o£ one of the earliest settlers. He was constable for about three years and for twelve years justice of the peace. He died in 1883. The mother, of Scotch and English origin, was born in 1806, in North Carolina, and went to Tennessee when but four years old. She died in 1860. Thirteen of their sixteen chil- dren are living. Our subject had some pioneer school education, but the most he secured himself by a brush fire at night after working hard all day. The last school he attended was of the puncheon-floor and slab-seat order. When twenty he became a teacher and taught eight terms in Saline and Hamilton Counties, during which time he was deputy surveyor of Saline County for two years. In 1859 he was appointed deputy circuit clerk, serving two years, and in 1860 elected circuit clerk and served four years. In 1865, after he took the State census of Saline County, he was elected county clerk and re-elected in 1869. For several years he was drainage commissioner of Saline County. At the close of his official life his health gave way and he has been engaged chiefly in looking after his business and real estate interests and trading. He is an old and esteemed officer and cit- izen. In 1864 he married Julia E. Clayton, native of Morgan County, 111. Their seven children are James W., Mollie E., Lionia, Laura B., Lula, Edward E. and Florence. Mr. Jones owns 200 acres and three houses and lots in Harrisburg. He is a Democrat, first voting for Lewis Cass, and is a member of the F. & A. M. and United Baptist Church. A. Karnes. A. Karnes, farmer, was born in Saline County, 111., in 1839, one of twelve children of George and Mary A. Karnes. The father, born in Tennessee in 1807, and one of the earliest settlers of Saline County, was the owner of 320 acres of land there on which he died in 1883. The mother, born in 1819 in Saline County, died in 1864. Our subject was reared and educated BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 629 in the Saline County schools, and has become the owner of a well, improved farm of 110 acres. In 1866 he married Harriett, daughter of Joshua and Emily Pemberton, born in 1844: in Wilson County, Tenn. Their children are Tina, Julia A., Joseph- ine, Thos. F., Leuce, Jeffie, Effie and Martha. In August, 1861, he enlisted in Company E, Twenty-ninth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and was at Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, Shiloh, and a Holly Springs, Miss., where he was captured in 1863. After this he went on the gunboat "Tyler," and two months later was sent to Cairo, where he remained until the close of his enlistment. He is a Republican, first voting for Lincoln, and is one of the reliable citizens of his community. J. G. Karnes. J. G. Karnes, farmer and stock dealer, was born two miles west of Galatia, 111., in Missouri in 1837. He is one of twelve children of John and Delila (McElyea) Karnes. The father, of Dutch descent, born in Saline County about 1812, was a farmer, and a soldier in the Mexican war. He died in Arkansas in 1857. The mother, also of Dutch origin, was born in Frank- lin County, 111., about 1811, and is now living with her daughter in Saline County. Our subject, with but little education, received in Arkansas, began business at fifteen years of age, at farm work. He located near Raleigh where he worked ten years and in 1861 joined Company E, Third Illinois Cavalry, and was at the battle of Pea Ridge, Ark. After three years' service he resumed farming in Saline County. In 1861 he married Marga- ret, daughter of Squire and Sarah Chenault, born in Saline County, 111., in 1845. Their nine children are Hannah L. (wife of S. Bond), Mary F., Robert, David (deceased), Willie (deceased), Joseph P., Thomas, Alice V. and Annie G. Mr. Karnes is a Republican, and a thorough going farmer. His wife and eldest daughter, Hannah, are members of the Baptist Church. 630 saline county. Eev. M. B. Kelly. Kev. M. B. Kelly was born in Clark County, Ind., April 18, 1817, one of nine children of Abraham and Hanorah (Bartley) Kelly natives of Pennsylvania. The former was born May 22, 1777, and the latter May 21, 1782. The father, a farmer, was in the war of 1812, the mother was a sister to Gov. Mordecai Bartley, of Ohio. They both died in Ohio, the father in 1822 and the mother in 1831. Our subject, receiving a common- school education in his youth, came to Illinois in 1836. On the 9th of August, 1838, he was united in marriage to Miss Nancy L., daughter of Joshua and Mary Joyner, of Gallatin County, 111. In 1846 he was ordained to the work of the gospel ministry, and spent many years as a Pioneer Baptist Missionary, traveling extensively over more than twenty counties of southern Illinois ; was settled' two years as missionary pastor in Chester, under appointment of the American Baptist Home Missionary Society, also labored in 1855-56 as a missionary in Cairo. In 1869, having changed his views in regard to the Sabbath, he iden- tified himself with the Seventh Day Baptists, organizing a church of that faith in the vicinity of Villa Ridge, 111., where he then resided. He still continues, though now in his seventy -first year, to perform the duties of his office. He and his wife have had ten children, the eldest of whom died in the service of his country in the late war. The next to the youngest, M. B., is preparing for the ministry at Alfred University in New York. At the com- mencement of the war of the Rebellion, Mr. Kelly responded to the first call for volunteers, and was mustered into the Eight- eenth Regiment of Illinois Volunteer Infantry, May 19, 1861, at Anna, Union Co., 111., by Capt. (afterward Gen.) U. S. Grant, he having been sent down by Gov. Yates for purpose of muster- ing said regiment. Mr. Kelly was mustered in as second lieu- tenant. Ten days later the regiment was mustered into the three years' service, at which time he was promoted to first lieutenant. BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 631 In the battle of Fort Donelson and Shilob his regiment was in the thickest of the fight, in the latter of which he had command of his company. After being thus engaged for eight hours, he was carried from the field, severely wounded in the abdomen and hand. Four mouths later, feeling physically unable to resume his place Avith his company, he felt it his duty to resign, when the ofiicers of his regiment with great unanimity elected him chap- lain, which oflice he continued to hold till the close of the service. In politics Mr. Kelly has always been a Eepublican, having been one of eleven who, in the face of threatenings and hisses, voted in Cairo in 1856 for Fremont and Dayton; he is also an uncompro- mising Prohibitionist, and abhors the use of tobacco in all of its forms. AViLLIAM M. KiTTINGER. William M. Kittinger, farmer, was born in Virginia, in 1843, one of eight children of Abraham and Mary C. (Shaver) Kittinger. The father, born in 1817 in Virginia, came in 1853 to Saline County, 111., and bought eighty acres of land on which he lived and died in 1873. The mother, born in 1818 in Virginia, died in Saline County, 111., in 1874 Our subject was reared at home and had common-school advantages, and since his manhood has become owner of 120 acres of well fenced and improved land, the home where he now lives. In 1803 he married Susan C, daugh- ter of Jason and Susanna Martin, born in 18-14 in Hamilton County, 111. Their eight children are Emma G., Mary C, Charles, William V., Elnora, Gertrude, Melvina and Sarah F. In July, 1801, he enlisted in Company B, First Illinois Volunteer Cavalry, and was actively engaged at Lexington, Mo. , where he was taken prisoner, and then paroled and sent home, beiug honorably dis- charged July 20, 1802. In politics he is a Democrat, and cast his first vote for George B. McClellan. He and his wife are members of the Social Brethren Church. 632 SALINE COUNTY. J. 8. Lewis. J. S. Lewis, M. D., au office practicing physician and surgeon, and prominent farmer of Douglas Precinct, of Saline County, was born in 1851 in Crittenden County, Ky. He is the eldest of five children, three of whom are living, born to George L. and Amy E. (Weldon) Lewis. The former is of German descent and was born in Pope County, 111., in 1829, and the latter of En- glish origin, and was born in Coit County, Ky., in 1830. They were married in Crittenden County, Ky., and resided there a number of years, when they removed to Illinois and settled on a farm in Pope County, where they still reside. The subject of this sketch received a literary education in the schools of Pope County and the Northern Normal. When eighteen years of age be began teaching school, and continued in that profession until 1876, studying medicine at intervals while teaching, with his present father-in-law, C. S. Hush, of the celebrated Rush family, of Philadelphia. In 1877 and 1878 he attended medical lectures at the Missouri Medical Academy situated at St. Louis. At the close of the spring term of 1878 he graduated and received a diploma. Previous to graduation he was examined at Duqaoin, where he received a certificate. In the summer of 1878 he located at his present home buying a small tract of land. In November of the same year he married Agnes E. Rush, daughter of C. S. and Harriet E. (Vance) Rush, in Massac County, 111., where she was born in 1852, and by her he has three children: Myrtle, Ros- coe and Mable. From 1878 to 1886 he carried on a heavy prac- tice in connection with stock raising. During the latter year he abandoned all but his office practice which is near home. Dr. Lewis commenced life a poor boy, educated himself by work- ing hard, and by careful economy has collected a consider- able competence, now owning a farm of 440 acres, a good store building and a stock of merchandise worth about $2,000. He has also been very successful in raising live stock and now has BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 633 on his farm about thirty head of horses tod as many of cattle, though this is a small number in comparison with what he gener- ally handles. His farm is one of the best stock farms in Saline County, and it is well improved. Upon it are good fences, a fine residence, several tenant houses and three two-story barns. Dr. Lewis is postmaster at South America, and has been since July 4, 1879. For the past two years he has been a notary public, and has been unusually successful in all the lines of business in which he has engaged. He is one of the most promi- nent stock, and business men in Saline County. He is a stanch Republican and a Prohibitionist. In religious convic- tion he is a Universalist, and his wife is a member of the United Baptist Chui'ch. George Limerick. George Limerick, farmer, was born in 1833 in Tennessee, one of seven children of Oliver and Ann (Kile) Limerick, natives of Ireland. The father, born in 1798, came to Tennessee after his marriage; then about 1840 went to Saline County, 111., where he bought 200 acres, but soon sold and bought where his son George now resides, and where the father died in 1867. The mother, born in 1827, died in Saline County, 111., in 1862. Our subject was educated in the common schools of Saline County, and has become the owner of a finely improved farm of 129 acres. In 1863 he married Elizabeth, daughter of George W. and Lucy Glasscock, born in Bedford County, Tenn., in 1849. Their children are Grant, Washington, Lorenzo, Lucy, Lilly, Willie, James and Burt. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company E, Twenty-ninth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and was at Fort Donelson and Shiloh, but in 1862, on account of deafness, was honorably discharged. In politics he is a Republican, and is a member of the I. O. O. F. lodge. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and among the respected citizens. 634 saline county. John M. Lockwood. John M. Lockwood, farmer, was born in 1838 in McLeans- boro, 111., the only child of Samuel D. and Susan M. (Garner) Lockwood. The father, of English origin, born about 1817 in McLeansboro, died at that place when our subject was only- four years old. The mother, German in origin, born about 1820 in Kentucky, is still living in Hardin County. Our subject was educated. in Hamilton, Wayne and Hardin Counties. From twenty-one until twenty-four, he enlisted in Company A, Twenty- ninth Illinois Infantry, and served as lieutenant until April, 1804, when, on account of ill health, he was discharged at Natchez, and was confined to his bed with rheumatism four years. He then married and settled on his present farm in Section 19, Somerset Precinct. His wife, Alice, daughter of William and Elizabeth (McFarland) Matthews, formerly of Pennsylvania, was born in 1849 in Elizabethtown, 111, Their eight children are Fanny, William, Daniel, Maggie, James, Emma, Gertrude and Kelly. Our subject now owns a finely improved farm of 200 acres. He is a Republican, and first voted for Douglas. He is a demitted member of Xenia Lodge, No. 191, F. & A. M. T. W. LusK. T. W. Lusk, tobacco speculator, was born in 1845 in Spencer County, Ind., one of seven children of Thomas and Elizabeth (Bowlen) Lusk. The father, a tinner in his early days and latterly a farmer, was born in 1802 in Ohio. In 1832 he moved from Cincinnati to Spencer County, Ind., where he bought him- self a home of 160 acres of land, on which his death occurred in 1867. The mother, born in 1813 in Virginia, died at the old homestead in 1885. After his youth at home and in the home schools in Spencer County, our subject in 1871 engaged with G. P. Hudspeth & Co., of Evansville, Ind., in the tobacco trade. After two years he was with them at Raleigh, 111., then one BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 635 year at McLeausboro. After a year then in Evansville again, he went in partnership with H. Webber & Son, in Galatia, 111., and then soon after he and his brother became partners in trade in Raleigh. After a year here he again returned and spent four years in Galatia, since that he has been with his brother in their present business at Raleigh, where they are large buyers in tobacco. In October, 1866, he married Mary E. Idlehart, daughter of James and Elizabeth Idlehart, born in 1847 in Spencer County, Ind. Their one child was Leptus G. Mrs. Lusk died in 1868. In 1875 he married Josephine, daughter of Andrew and Elizabeth Musgrave, born in 1850 at Raleigh, 111. Their two children are Bertha and William J. Politically he is a Republican, first voting for Grant. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, to which his first wife also belonged. Mr. Lusk is one of the enterprising citizens of Raleigh. G. R. Mace. G. R. Mace, ph}'sician and surgeon, was born in Saline County, 111., in 1854, one of a family of eight children of George W. and Mahulda A. (Oglesby) Mace. The father, born about 1819 in Virginia, moved with his parents to Alabama, and from there to Saline County, 111., where he entered 320 acres of land, on which he remained until 1885. He then sold out and went to Missouri. The mother, born about 1823 in Hopkins County, Ky., is still living at their home in Missouri. After his education in Ewing College, Franklin County, 111., he entered, and in 1886 graduated from, the Medical College of Missouri, and since that time has been in constant practice. In 1878 he married Ann V., daughter of B. S. and Sarah Fox, born in 1858 in Hopkins County, Ky. Their four children are Birt R., Roy, Everett and Ella. In politics he is a Republican, first voting for Hayes. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. and also of the Saline County Medical Association. His wife is a member of the Mission- ary Baptist Church. 636 saline county. Hon. James Macklin. Hon. James Macklin, attorney at law, was born in Liverpool, England, in 1832, the son of James and Ellen (Dowan) Macklin, the former a native of Scotland and the latter of Ireland. The father, a bookkeeper, was a soldier at Waterloo, and lived in Liverpool the latter part of his life. Both parents died there. Our subject received a collegiate education, and at the age of fourteen he entered the Liverpool Telegraph printing office as an apprentice, continuing there five or six years. In 1851 he came directly to Benton, Franklin Co., 111., and bought a half interest in the Benion Standard with John G. Goessman. In 1852 he began the study of law in connection with his paper under Hon. W. A. Denning. After his admission to the bar at Mount Vernon in 1853, he abandoned journalism and began practice at Elizabethtown, where, in his four years' stay there, he and " Bob " Ingersoll practiced in many cases together. Since 1861 he has practiced in Harrisburg, which work he has been compelled to forego on account of ill health for the past few years. While at Elizabethtown he was surveyor of Hardin County. In 1867 he was elected to the Legislature, in which body he represented Saline and Hardin Counties, and served on the committee on elections, claims, and swamp and overflowed lands. Of all the various phases of the law he has preferred the practice in the chancery court, in which he has shown himself to be an able lawyer and speaker. January 27, 1853, he married Minerva, daughter of William Wilburn, of Benton, 111., born in Wilson County, Tenn., in 1832. Their six children are W. C, a farmer; John ; Josephine, wife of James Coleman, of Alton, 111. ; Sarah, James, Jr., and Robert F. A Democrat, he cast his first vote for Pierce. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. lodge, and he and his wife are members of the Missionary Baptist Church. In his prime Mr. Macklin had such an extensive practice that the over- work it lead to is largely the cause of his ill health. BIOGKAPHICAL APPENDIX, 637 Robert John McIleath. Robert John Mcllrath was born in Ireland in 1844, and is the son of Jas. H. and Jane (McMurren) Mcllrath, natives of Ire- land also, born in 1812 and 1820 respectively. The father, a farmer, in 1850 settled in Saline County on the place now owned by G. B. Wier, and in 1858 sold out and bought 160 acres now owned by J. H. and R. J., his two elder sons. In May, 1861, he enlisted in Company G, Thirty-first Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and February 15, 1862, was shot in the breast at Fort Donelson where he died. His remains were buried on the old farm. In 1868 the mother married Saml. Glass. Six of her seven children by her first husband are now living: James H., Robert J., Isaac, Mary, wife of Louis Baker; Sarah, Avife of R. Hawkins, and "William D. Our subject was six years old when he came to America, and in November, 1861, enlisted with his father, and was by his side when he fell. He was in service six- teen months and discharged at Memphis. In 1867 he married India, daughter of Saml. Glass, born in Peru, Ind., in 1847. He now bought forty acres near the old home, but in 1873 he bought eighty acres where he now resides, with a finely improved farm of 200 acres and a fine house, one of the best in the county. He is a Republican in politics, first voting for Lincoln. He is a Mason of the R. A. & C, a member of the K. of H. and G. A. R. He and his wife are members of the First Presbyterian Church of Harrisburg. R. S. Marsh. R. S. Marsh, attorney at law, of the firm of Marsh & Scott, dealers in real estate, was born in 1850 in White County, Tenn., the son of William and Tabitha (Glenn) Marsh. The father, of Scotch origin, born in 1825 in North Carolina, was mar- ried in White County, Tenn., and in 1851 came to Hamilton County, 111. In a short time he went to Missouri, but returned in 1862, and still lives in Hamilton County. His wife, of Irish 638 SALINE COUNTY. ancestry, was born in White County, and is fifty-eight years old. Our subject, the eldest of eight children living, was educated in the common schools, and at Enfield High School. He was for eleven years a teacher; in 1873-74 principal of Enfield High School; in 1876 elected principal of Harrisburg Public Schools, where he continued four years, and in the spring of 1880 taught in the high school of Carmi. He began the study of law in 1879 under Hon. H. H. Harris, of Harrisburg, and in August, 1881, WGS admitted to the bar. Their present firm was formed in April, 1884. In 1877 he married Ella, daughter of Alfred Harris, of White County, where she was born. Mr. Marsh is a promising young attorney, and is fast establishing himself in the front ranks of the bar. He is a member of the Boyal Arch Masons, A. O. U. W., and he and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church. In politics he is a Republican, first voting for Grant in 1872. Dr. John C. Matthews. Dr. John C. Matthews was born January 19, 1841, in Sum- ner County, Tenn., one of six children of William and Permelia (Currey) Matthews. The father, born in Virginia in 1806, and a farmer by occupation, went to Tennessee about 1810, in child- hood, and while on a visit to Raleigh, died January 3, 1885, several months after his arrival. The mother was born in Sumner County, Tenn., and died in 1866. Our subject, educated in Sumner County, Tenn., went to Saline County in December, 1864, and began the study of medicine at Raleigh with F. F. Johnson, and after a year with him took a course of lectures at St. Louis Medical College. In 1866, he was first associated with Dr. Johnson, and afterward with Dr. A. J. Neal, with whom he continued two years; then, after practicing independently until 1870, he took a course of lectures in the medical depart- ment of Yanderbilt University, Nashville, and received his BIOGEAPHICAL APPENDIX. 639 diploma. He has been most successful ever since, and is now one of the Pension Board of Examining Surgeons, In August, 1866, he married Martha J., daughter of Henry F. and Mary Johnson, born in June, 1845, in Wilson County, Tenn., com- ing to Saline County as a child. Their seven children are William, Mary B,, Kobert (deceased), George, John C, Charles, Emma and Olive. Politically he is a Democrat, first voting for Seymour. In 1876 he declined the nomination for the Legisla- ture tendered him by his party, because he had no aspirations for ofiice. He is secretary of the two lodges to which he belongs : the F. & A. M. and I. O. O, F. He and his wife are members of the Missionary Baptist Church, and are esteemed members of society. Robert Mick. Robert Mick, president of Saline County Bank, was born in 1819 in Saline, then Gallatin, County. He is the son of Charles and Susan (Simmons) Mick. The father, a farmer of German origin, born in Maryland in 1772, when a youth went to Wil- son County, Tenn., and was married. After living near Golconda, 111., he went to Gallatin, now Saline, County, about 1815, and entered eighty acres, also 160 for his son Robert ; and where he died in 1856, one of the earliest pioneers of the section. The mother, a native of Wilmington, N. C, died two years before, at the age of sixty-five. Two of their five children are living : Margaret, wife of Jas. C. Ward, in Red River County, Tex., and our subject, who, with few pioneer school advantages, still obtained a good business education. He remained in care of and caring for his parents until liis twenty- fourth year. In 1844 he married Martha Jane, daughter of Jos. Strickland, born in Saline County. Owing to ill health, he left the farm for merchandising in Whitesville, and shipping produce to New Orleans by water. From August, 1851, until 1862, he and Dr. Mitchell were partners as is described in the biography 640 SALINE COUNTY. of the latter. From 1859 until January, 1887, when he sold his stock, he was engaged in merchandising, with a stock lately- invoiced at about |15,000, one of the largest in Harrisburg. He has been devoted to his bank since it was organized in 1876 with $24:, 000 capital. C. E. Lewis was the first cashier, and for the past eight years J. W. Bradshaw occupied the place. Mr. Mick has a controlling interest in a Harrisburg woolen-mill; owns about 3,000 acres of fine land, and 1,000 of that amount is under cultivation. His wife died in 1868, and the next year he married Mrs. Hardenia Nyberg, nee Spencer, who was born in Gallatin County in 1836. Originally a Whig, he has become a Republican, first voting for Harrison. He is a Mason, and he and his wife are members of the Baptist Church. In 1885, he erected the First Baptist Church of Harrisburg, a structure of the latest design, heated with furnace, with seating capacity of 800, and furnished the entire capital 310,500. He is an old citizen, and one of the most active and respected members of the community. De. John W. Mitchell. Dr. John AV. Mitchell was born in 1825 in Madison, Ind., the son of William and Mary (Bassett) Mitchell. The father was born in Massachusetts, and in his youth went to Madison, Ind., in 1814, and became a farmer and miller. In 1829 he was killed by the running away of his team. The mother was a French-Canadian, born near Toronto, and died in 1859. Two of three children are living: Lucinda and our subject. The latter was educated at Madison, and when thirteen began for himself, as a clerk. A few years later he began flat-boating, and at eighteen began the study of medicine, graduating in 1845 from the Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati. He at once estab- lished- a store boat on the Ohio Eiver, and landed in Polk County, 111., where he remained until 1850, when he came to Saline BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 641 County. At Independence he began merchandising in connec- tion with his practice, buying produce and shipping it via the Saline, Ohio and Mississippi Eivers to New Orleans. In 1856 he came to Harrisburg, became the first general merchant here and built the first store room. He and Robert Mick became partners and continued three years from 1859, erecting the pres- ent courthouse and jail. In 1861 he bought a saw mill and converted it into a grist-mill, and in 1868 erected a new one costing $19,000, with a saw and planing-mill attached. It has a capacity of 100 barrels per day. Since 1868 he and J. W. Towle have been in partnership in a general store. In 1864 he married Julia Jackson, a native of Hardin County, 111. She died in 1866, and in 1869 he married Emma S. Mayville, born in Bangor, Me. Their children are Charles and John W. (deceased in July 1886, aged twelve years). Dr. Mitchell is the oldest practicing physician in Saline County, and one of the most skillful in southern Illinois. His practice extends, in cases of consultation especially, at great distances. He has tried to abandon practice, but his friends still insist on retaining him. He is a skillful financier, once owned nearly all the site of Harrisburg, and still possesses a large number of houses and lots. He also owns about 10,000 acres of tillable land, and is the originator of the Cairo Vincennes & Chicago Railway, one of the four directors, with the duty of looking after the construction of the road from Vincennes to Johnson County. He also built nineteen miles of the road. He now con- templates building a railroad from Harrisburg to the Ohio River, for the purpose of developing the iron and spar mines of Hardin County. The survey is made, and the work will soon commence. He owns two valuable coal mines of 600 acres each, one at Leadford, and the other at Bald Knob, both in fine running order. He was a strong Union man during the war, organizing companies, etc., and is a Republican. He is a Mason 642 SALINE COUNTY. and Knight of Honor. Dr. Mitchell is the father of Harrisburg, and an active, esteemed and respected man. Lucius Donald Nolen. Lucius Donald Nolen, one of the leading farmers of Saline County, was born in 1847, in Wilson County, Tenn. He is the third of eight children, five of whom are still living, born to David and Clarissa (Cosley) Nolen. The father, who was of Irish descent, was born about 1826 in North Carolina, and the mother in Virginia about 1825. When yet children they came with their respective parents to Tennessee. They were married in Wilson County where they resided until our subject was about nine years old, when they moved to Illinois, settling in Brushy Creek Pre- cinct, Saline County. The father died about one year afterward, and the mother immediately gave up housekeeping and com- menced living with her children. She died in 1886, in Pope County. The subject of this sketch was educated principally in the common schools of Saline County. December 28, 1863, he enlisted in Company F, One Hundred and Twentieth Eegi- ment Illinois Infantry, and served until the close of the war. During 1864 he served on a gunboat apart from ihe regiment. In September, 1865, he was mustered out of the service at Memphis, but did not receive his discharge until arriving at Springfield, 111. About one year later he married, and bought a farm four miles southwest of Har- risburg, remaining on the same until about 1881, when he sold that farm and bought the one on which he now resides, situated in Sections 22 and 27, Township 9, Eange 5. His wife, formerly Mary C, daughter of Wilson and Martha Jane (Milliford) Hud- dleston, was born in 1853 in Illinois, She and her husband are the parents of seven children. Mr. Nolen has been a hard- working and enterprising farmer, but on account of rheuma- tism contracted during the war he is not so stroug and healthy BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 643 as formerly. He owns a good farm of 240 acres, about 100 of which, is under a high state of cultivation. He has also been very successful in trading in live stock. In politics he is a Kepublican, and cast his first presidential vote for U. S. Grant in 1868. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, Harris- burg Lodge, No. 325, and both himself and wife are members of the United Baptist Church. Col. Clinton Otey. Col. Clinton Otey, of Otey, Eoberts & Co., merchants, was born in 1855, in Williamson County, 111., the son of John F. and Arsteenie (Mitchell) Otey. The father, of English descent, born near Richmond, Va., in 1810, went to Kentucky when a lad, near Bowling Green, and in 1837 came to Franklin County, 111., where he lived about ten years, when he went to Williamson County and bought 320 acres, where he has since resided, one of the prosperous farmers of the county. His wife, born in Wilson County, Tenn., in 1819, came to Illinois when an infant. Their five children are living. Our subject, edu- cated in the home schools, lived on the farm until twenty- two years of age. In 1876 he established a grocery business in Harrisburg, and continued for three years. In 1879 his brother, Thomas, became an equal partner, and in less than a year sold to E. O. Roberts. The entire firm soon sold out, and Col. Otey bought the Sent hid and the Chronicle of Harrisburg, and consolidated them into the Chronicle-Sentinel, of which he was for three years the editor. In 1883 he sold his interest and established a general store, and the following year his old part- ner, Mr. Roberts, came in with him, and the firm has since borne its present name and carried on a successful business. Col. Otey is an able young man. May 13, 1879, he was commissioned first lieutenant of Company H, Eleventh Infantry, Illinois National Guards, by the governor, and October 25, 1880, was made cap- 644 SALINE COUNTY. tain, and transferred to Company G, Ninth Infantry, in May, 1882. May 1, 1885, he was discharged, and immediately made colonel and aid-de-camp on Gov. Oglesby's staff, his present position. In May, 1883, he married Bettie, daughter of P. L. Skagg, born in Saline County. Their two children are Vol and Wayne. He is a Republican, and is a member of the I. O. O. F. and Iron Hall orders, William H. Pankey. William H. Pankey, farmer and stock dealer, was born in Saline County, February 1, 1836, the son of William and Han- nah (Empson) Pankey, The father, born July 12, 1814, in what is now Saline County, was of English and Welsh ancestry, the son of Hampton Pankey, a native of Virginia, who, when a young man, went to East Tennessee, then in 1812 to Hardin County, 111,, and in 1814 to Saline County, where he died in 1869, at the age of ninety-six, on the land owned at present by his son, Stephen, William, Sr,, married in 1834 and settled on the farm now owned by the Widow Gallaher, in Brushy Pre- cinct. He owned 420 acres, and was a stock raiser as well as farmer. Since 1869 he has lived in Harrisburg, the oldest per- son now living in and born in Saline County, The mother, born in Robertson County, Tenn,, June 10, 1815, came to Saline County about 1822, and died in 1865, Our subject, the eldest of seven children, was educated in the home schools, and Janu- ary 17, 1856, married Sarah A,, daughter of Rev, W, C. Bickers, born in Smith County, Tenn., June 12, 1837. Their seven chil- dren are Eliza J., wife of J, C. Webb; B. Franklin, Robert L., Thomas J., Alice, Carrie and Nora. After his marriage he set- tled on his present home, bought eighty acres, and began stock raising on his own responsibility. He now owns over 700 acres of Saline County land, and 320 acres in Shawnee County, Kas. In 1868 he was elected sheriff and served one term. After 1866 he was for twelve years speculating in tobacco, buying from BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 645 50,000 to 500,000 pounds annually. In 1870 he and W. D. Eus- sell were partners in dry goods on his farm three years, and bought tobacco for five years. In 1885 he and H. Webber & Son, of Galatia, bought 1,400,000 pounds of tobacco. From 1875 to 1880 he and Eobert Mick packed pork and bought tobacco, live stock and grain. He was made vice-president of the Bank of Harrisburg when it was organized in 1876 by him- self, C. E. Lewis and Robert Mick, but at the end of two years sold out. From 1875 he served three years as county commis- sioner. His wife died October 15, 1875, and October 6, 1884, he married Mrs. C. J. Harris. Their only child is Grover C. Mr. Pankey is a member of the F. & A. M., and is at present in the tobacco business with J. M. Baker, Harrisburg, 111. J. G. Porter. J. G. Porter, proprietor of the Saline Roller Mills of Harris- burg, was born in Morgan County, 111., in 1824, the son of Rev. John and Rebecca (Jacobs) Porter. The father, of Irish stock, born in South Carolina went to White County, 111., after his marriage, and a few years later to Morgan County, thence to Sangamon County, and finally returned to White County. He was a Cumberland Presbyterian minister by profession, and in addition worked at the blacksmith apd saddler's trades. He was a member of the synod, and for many years held regular appointments at preaching, performing all the ordinances of the church. Three of nine children are Using. Our subject, the fifth, had but about three weeks' attendance at public school, and when nineteen began the blacksmith's trade at McLeansboro, and followed that business several years. In 1844 he married Bar- thena Luttrell. Their only child is Woodford N. Mr. Porter worked in a machine shop at Evansville, Ind., and in 1849 made a four months' overland journey to California, where he followed his trade. After fourteen months he returned by way of Panama 646 SALINE COUNTY. and New Orleans, in a fifty-one day journey. He settled at Mount Yernon, 111., and afterward began as millwright. In about 1856 he came to Harrisburg, enlarged a small saw mill, and began milling. For four years during the war he was in St. Paul, Ind., milling, and soon after he and Dr. Mitchell erected a saw, planing and grist-mill, costing about $14,000, which in three years he sold to Dr. Mitchell, and erected a portable saw mill, soon adding a small grist-mill. In 1883 he erected his present mill at a cost of $18,000, with the roller process, with a capacity of eighty barrels per day. The mill is three stories, 40x60 feet, and the best mill in the county. He is a genius in the milling business, and is a business man who has been financially identified in the general enterprise of his city. His wife died in 1876, and the same year he married Fannie C. Hart, nee Trous- dale. Their only child is Mittie M. James M. is a son by his first marriage. He is a Republican, and his wife is a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. Hon. Boen Phillips. Hon. Boen Phillips, proprietor of a livery and feed stable, was born in Wilson County, Tenn., in 1843, the son of Seth and Annie (Harlin) Phillips. The father, of Irish stock, born in Tennessee, was a farmer, and about 1850 moved to Williamson County, but several years later returned to Tennessee. While there he lost his wife, a native of that State. For the past few years he has been living in Saline County with his children. Their seven children are Lockie, wife of Samuel Harris in Tennessee; Newson (deceased); Levi Octavi, wife of Thomas Bundy; Levisa, wife of Richard Grant; Boen; William R. (de- ceased), and Pursse. Our subject was educated in the common schools in Saline County from his seventeenth year on, and when twenty-two entered the teachers' profession, teaching for two years. He then studied law, continuing his studies while deputy cir- BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 647 cuit clerk for a year. June 15, 1871, lie was admitted to the bar and soon became one of Harrisburg's leading attorneys. In 1873 Judge Duff appointed him master in chancery, which office he held for seven years, appointed three various times. The second and third time he was appointed by Judge Crawford. In 1882 he was elected county judge, and commissioned by ex-Gov. Cul- lom, holding the office for four years. In January, 1885, he purchased a half interest in the livery stable with S. Pearson, and in November, 1886, bought it entire, with ten horses and five double buggies, the best stables in Harrisburg. He also owns eighty acres of land. In April, 1870, he married Zada A., daughter of Turner Ware, and a native of this county, their children are Maud, Willie, Mattie, Helen (deceased), Ciddie and Thomas 0. His wife is a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. Francis M. Pickett. Francis M. Pickett, editor and proprietor of The Harrisburg Chronicle, and master in chancery, was born in McDonough County, 111., in 1841. He was the son of John W. and Olive (Connor) Pickett. The father, of Welsh-English descent, born about 1808 in North Carolina, came to the county of his son's birth when but twenty-one. He had been married, and also learned the blacksmith's trade in his native State. In 1842 he moved to Davis County, Iowa, where he died in 1881. He was a lieutenant in the Black Hawk war, and a justice of the peace in after life. The mother, born in North Carolina in 1810, died in 1852. Six of their nine children are living. Our subject, with only two terms of school in his life, is a self-educated man, and at twelve years of age began for himself, as clerk, for his board and clothes for two years in a country store. After a year of various employments, in 1856 he began an apprenticeship in a printing office at Charleston, 111. The spring of 1861 found him in Lawrence, Kas., and April 16 he enlisted in Company D, First 648 SALINE COUNTY. Eegiment Kansas Infalitry, for three years or for the war. He fought at Wilson's Creek, Corinth, Lake Providence, La., Yazoo City and Fort Blakely. At the first he was disabled for two months by a ball in the right arm. May 1, 1863, he became cap- tain of Company C, Forty-seventh Eegiment United States Colored Infantry, and March 13, 1865, was commissioned brevet-major. United States Volunteers, until the close of the war. After his discharge January 3, 1866, in Louisiana, he began type setting in Indianapolis, and in September, he became city editor of the Indianapolis Herald. In January, 1868, he and John M, Higgs established The Connor sville (Indiana) Examiner, but in March, 1869, he founded the Saline County Register at Harrisburg, which, since its consolidation with the Chr'onicle in 1873, has been known as The Harrisburg Chronicle, with Maj. Pickett as editor and proprietor. To fill out an unexpired term in 1873 he was appointed treasurer of Saline County, and served one year. Since 1882 he has held the ofiice of master of chancery, to which he has been three times appointed. In January, 1865, he married Kate N. Harding, born in Paris, 111., in 1842. Their five children are living: Olive L. (wife of Thomas O. Snyder), John J., Mary L., Frances M. and Jessie H. In politics he is a Republican, and chairman of the Republican County Central Committee. He is postmaster, and past High Priest of Masons, a member of the A. O. U. W., Select Knights, K. & L. of H., and is Past Commander and Past Member of the Department Council of Administration, G. A. R. His wife is a member of the Presbyterian Church. Dr. Geoege B. Rawlings. Dr. George B. Rawlings was born in Brunswick County, Va. , November 27, 1847. His father, George B., Sr., native of the same county, born March 6, 1815, settled in Fayette County, Tenn., in 1851. July 17, 1839, he had married Caroline R., daughter of Presley Harding, a farmer and native of Northamp- BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 649 toil County, N. C. Their three children were Eose E., Kichard E. and our subject, the youngest. The father a surveyor and engineer, for about four years, was professor of mathematics in the Synodical College of La Grange, Tenn. He served through the entire Mexican war as captain of Company A, First Missis- sippi Eifles. He died May 9, 1857, while surveying government land near Fort Scott, and was buried at La Grange, Tenn. The mother, a native ol Northampton County, N. C, born November 7, 1818, after her husband's death married, in La Grange, Tenn., James Floyd, and then went to his home in Pope County, 111., where she died March 15, 1877. Our subject's father and mother were both graduates of the University of Virginia; and his father's father, Capt. Berme Jerome Eawlings, a native of Paris, France, was one of Lafayette's soldiers, who settled on government land in Virginia, after the Eevolutionary war, and remained a citizen of Virginia until his death, August 24, 1826. But four years old when they came to La Grange, Tenn., our sub- ject received his preparatory education in the common schools. May 27, 1863, he enlisted in Company A, First Mississippi Mounted Eifles, under Col. Jackson, and was at Vicksburg, Grand Gulf, Black Eiver Bridge, Eaymond, Jackson and Arkansas Post. At Utica, Miss., he was wounded, captured and held 101 days, treated at Jackson, Miss., by the Confederate surgeon, Dr. Eve, of Nashville. He was then exchanged, served until the close of the war, and was discharged at Memphis, June 26, 1865. He then moved to Illinois where, February 24, 1867, he married Damaris, daughter of Caleb Baldwin, a farmer and native of Pope County, 111. Their children were James F., Lorena C, Eose M. and George B. Mrs. Eawlings was born in Pope County, III, November 6, 1849, and died near Eldorado, 111., September 19, 1882. He then married, October 30, 1883, Ella J., daughter of Henry Sisk, a farmer and native of Saline County, 111. Their only son, Harold E., was born September 25, 1884, and died July 650 SALINE COUNTY. 30, 1886. His wife was born in Saline County, III, May 18, 1861. Immediately after his first marriage our subject began reading medicine under Dr. Fulkerson, of Pope County, 111., and attended lectures at the Eclectic Medical Institute of Cincinnati, and two terms at the Cincinnati Hospital, and received a certifi- cate from the Illinois State Board of Health. Of his fifteen years' practice, eight have been at Eldorado and vicinity. He is a Republican, and a member of the I. O. O. F. and G. A. R. His pleasant home is on the corner of Douglas and State Streets. Dr. J. W. Renfko. Dr. J. W. Renfro, physician and surgeon, was born in 1843, in Johnson County, 111., the son of Henry and Mary (Gibbs) Renfro. The father, of French stock, was born in Tennessee about 1810, and in his youth his parents moved to Union County, 111., where Henry lived at the time of his marriage. He after- ward moved to Johnson County, and in 1865 to Alexander County, 111. He died in 1869, and the mother in 1852. Our subject, the elder of two children, attended common schools, and when sev- enteen entered the teacher's profession. During three years as pedagogue he began medical study, and in 1860 gave his exclu- sive attention to it. In 1861 he enlisted in Company K, Twenty- ninth Infantry Regiment, for three years or the war, and served at Forts Henry and Donelson, at the latter of which he was wounded in the ankle severely, and was discharged from duty unable to walk without crutches for about a year. He was fourth sergeant, and afterward orderly. He returned home after about a year's service, and in 1865 located at Thebes, in Alexander County. In 1880 he graduated at the medical department of the University of Tennessee, and in 1881 located in practice at Daquoin, 111. He has been in Harrisburg since 1885. At Duquoin he was a member of the United States Pension Board, as its treasurer, but a new administration relieved him because of BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. ■ 651 political views, it is said. He was also local surgeon for the St. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute Railway. In 1862 he married Amanda Wood, a native of Alexander County. Their children are Elijah and Minnie. His wife died in 1869, and the following year he married Esther McElheny, a native of Illinois. Their only child is Gertrude. Dr. Renfro is one of the leaders in his profession in Harrisburg and the county, and has built up an extensive practice. He is a Republican and an Odd Fellow. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Thomas Y. Reynolds. Thomas Y. Reynolds was born in Gallatin County, III, in 1825, the son of Joseph L. and Leah (Foley) Reynolds, both of Irish ancestry. The father, a carpenter, was born near Lexing- ton, Ky., in 1800. At the age of seventeen he settled in White County, 111. In 1819 he began carpentering at the salt works. He was married in 1823, and located in Equality, where he died in 1867. In 1832 he was a soldier in the Black Hawk war. The mother, born in Kentucky, died in 1832 at the age of thirty-two. Their children are Isaac H., now in Oregon, and our subject, who, at the early age of fourteen, began life for himself. For three years he was an apprentice at the saddler's trade at Equality. Until the Mexican war he was a wagon-maker. He enlisted in Company G, Third Illinois Regiment, June 29, 1846, at Alton, and fought at Vera Cruz and Cerro Gordo. In 1847 he returned home, and in August of the same year he re-enlisted in Capt. Lawler's independent company of cavalry, and returned to Tampico, Mexico, and in January, 1848, was discharged on account of ill health. For two years he was an invalid, being subject to lung hemorrhages. After resuming his trade he came to Raleigh, Saline County, in 1855, but in 1858 was made deputy-sheriff for two years, and in 1860 was elected sheriff, serving two years. In 1863 he began merchandising at 652 SALINE COUNTY. Independence. The following year he was elected circuit clerk and recorder of Saline County, and in 1868 began in the produce business at Harrisburg. From 1873 up to 1884 he held the office of circuit clerk, and was re-elected. He has since been notary public and acting justice. In 1850 he married Sarah W., daughter of Solomon Skelton, and born in South Carolina in 1831. Their six children are William I., Hellen (wife of H. Mitchell), Julia E. (widow of J. M.Gregg), Thomas, Sherman, Nora and Mittie. A Whig in politics, and first voting for Tay- lor, he has since the war been a Kepublican. He is a Mason of the council degree, a member of the I. O. O. F., K. of H.. and L. K. of H. fraternities. His wife is a member of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church. J. W. EosE. J. W. Rose, merchant, was born in 1842 in Wilson County, Tenn. He is one of ten children of John and Sarah (Halpaign) Rose, both natives of East Tennessee. The former was born in 1812 and the latter in 1815. The death of both occurred in 1870 on consecutive days. The father was a farmer in Missouri at the time of his death. Our subject was reared at his parents' home in Kentucky, and educated in the common schools. In 1865 he married Sarah J. Culbertson, a native of Illinois, who was born in 1843. Their only son is Joseph. In 1870 Mr. Rose located at Stone Fort, where he has since been in business, at first beginning with a small stock on a capital of $33.75. He has, by bis successful speculations, become one of the largest merchants in the county. At a fair valuation his property is now worth $30,000. Besides his two well-stocked stores at Stone Fort, he owns one at Independence, a trading post south of Harrisburg, and another successful house at Bloomfield, Johnson County. He also owns 340 acres of land. He lost his eyesight in 1863, and at the time of embarking in mercantile pursuits was unable to read print. He continued in that condition until 1881, when he BIOGKAPHICAL APPENDIX. 653 had an operation performed which restored partial sight to one of his eyes. Mr. Rose is a Democrat in politics, and a member of the I. O. O. F. lodge. He has been postmaster at Stone Fort since September 1, 1885. Dr. James H. Rose. Dr. James H. Rose, physician and surgeon, was born in Hardin County, 111., in 1848, the son of Henry and Elizabeth (Whitesides) Rose. The father, of English stock, was born in 1816 in Hardin County. The grandfather, Elbert Rose, a native of Kentucky, settled when about sixteen in Hardin County, one mile from Elizabethtown, then a wilderness of cane, in which he with his brother Pleasant, was one of the first white settlers. . Henry was reared in Hardin County and in 1839 married. Since 1866 he has lived in the northeast part of Hardin County, the owjier of 266 acres. He has been married three times and is the father of fourteen children. His first wife, the mother of our subject, was the mother of thirteen children, and died in 1871. James H. attended the home schools. At seventeen he enlisted, in December, 186-t, in Company A, Twenty-ninth Illinois Infantry, and was at Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely, remaiuing in service nearly a year. He then attended school at home a short time, and in 1869 established a drug store at Elizabethtown and began the study of medicine. In 1873-74, he attended a course of medical lectures at the medical college of Evansville, Ind., and in the spring of 1874, returned and began practice at Elizabeth- town. He returned to the medical college again, and February 27, 1878, graduated, and continued his former practice. Since 1882 he has been one of the leading physicians of Harrisburg and the county with a lucrative practice. February 28, 1869, he married Augusta, daughter of Dr. W. N. Ayres, of Yalley Center, Kas. She is a native of Hardin County. Their children are Alice D., Tessa E. and Gertrude O. He is a member of the F. & A. M., 654 SALINE COUNTY. and his wife is a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. J. M. EUSSELL. J. M. Eussell, merchant, was born in 1860, in Saline County. He is one of five children of W. D. and Mary C. (Williford) Eussell. The father was born about 1834:; is engaged in the mercantile business at Carrier Mills; was for some time engaged in the tobacco business, and has always been a live business man. Our subject spent five years in Ewing College in two courses, scientific and classical. In 1882 he came to his present home, and was for some time engaged in buying and shipping grain, but in November, 1886, he established his pres- ent large stock of merchandise, which is well selected and one of the largest, if not the largest, in the place. In April, 1885, he married Effie, daughter of Sidney Addison. Mr. Eussell is a Democrat in politics, and he and his wife are members of the Baptist Church. W. F. Scott. W. F. Scott, attorney at law, and junior member of the firm. Marsh & Scott, abstracters of land titles, was born in 1851, in Hamilton County, III, the son of Francis and Sarah (Boster) Scott. The father, born in 1811 in Manchester, England, came to Gallia County, Ohio, with his father, John Scott, a tailor, when four years of age. In 1805 they moved to Switzerland County, Ind., and Francis became a steamboat pilot. In 1838 he came to Hamilton County, 111., and began farming. He died in 1865. His wife was of English-Scotch and Irish origin, and died in 1863. Eight of their eleven children are living. Our subject was educated in the common schools, Enfield College, and in the Northern Indiana Normal School, from which he received the degree of B. S. When nineteen he became a teacher and contin- ued for thirteen years : two years at Jefferson ville, 111. ; four years BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 655 as principal at Xenia, 111. ; two years at Fairfield, 111. ; two terms at Enfield College, and one year at Carmi, 111., and conducted the Wayne County Teachers' Institute at Fairfield, III, for five years: four years for Supt. Meeks, and one year for Supt. West. He never received less than $100 per month for teaching after he obtained a State certificate. Mr. Scott was one . of the leading educators in southern Illinois, receiving a State cer- tificate for life, in 1877, and in 1879 served as one of the examin- ers for State certificates under State Supt. S. M. Etter. Com- mencing the study of law in 1880, he was admitted in 1883. the following year came to Harrisburg, and in April formed a partnership with R. S. Marsh. September 7, 1877, he married Julia Hunsinger, native of White County, 111. Their two chil- dren are Winnie and Gertie. In politics he is a Republican, and is a member of the Masonic order, Master Mason, and of the G. A. R. He and his wife are members of the Baptist Church. Mr. Scott is an able lawyer, shrewd debater, and one of the strongest members of the Harrisburg bar. At the early age of fourteen he enlisted in Company A, Eighty-seventh Regiment Illinois Infan- try, and was afterward transferred to Company H, Eighteenth Illinois Infantry. He was orderly for Gen. McCook for seven months, and was in active service until January, 1866. James H. Scott. James H. Scott, farmer, was born in 1810 in Livingston County, Tenn., the son of John and Nancy (Langley) Scott. The father, of Scotch- Welsh origin, was born in 1811 in Tennessee, and was a millwright by occupation. In 1841 he left his native State and immigrated to Sullivan County, 111., and in 1846 to Gallatin (now Saline) County near Eldorado. From 1848 he lived in Crittenden County until his death in 1855. The mother, born in Tennessee, died in 1846 in Sullivan County, 111. Two of four children are living: Julia A. (wife of G. E. Aaron) 656 SALINE COUNTY. and James H. The mother died wlien our subject was six years old and the father when James was fifteen, which caused him then to be bound out to John Ochoisser, of Saline County — the first white male child born in the present boundaries of Illinois and at Kaskaskia, likewise the first man tried for murder of which he was acquitted on the ground of self-defense. J ames lived with this man until his twentieth year or the death of Mr. Cchoisser. His education, received in a log hut in an attendance of but a few months,has been supplemented since by his own efforts result- ing in a good business training. April 20, 1860, he married Eachael P., daughter of Richard Dodd, born in 1842 in De- Kalb County, Tenn. Four of six children are living, Thomas J., Nancy E., Laura (wife of Thomas Mirdach) and Robert A. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company E, One Hundred and Tenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry for three years, or for the war, and fought at Perry ville, Ky., Murfreesboro, Tullahoma, Buzzard Roost Gap, Kennesaw Mountain, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, Dalton, Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta and Savannah with Sherman on his famous march. The vision of his left eye was destroyed by a shell wound received at Murfreesboro, January 1, 1863. He was discharged at Washington, D. C, in June,1865, and after the war settled at Eldorado as a farmer. In 1878 he bought 120 acres where he has since lived. He now owns 240 acres. His wife died September 15, 1886. He is independent in politics. He is an Odd Fellow, a member of the G. A. R., and the Methodist Episcopal Church. R. L. Shaw. R. L. Shaw, farmer, was born in 1814 in Cannon County, Tenn. His father, of Irish descent, was born in Virginia and there married. In the early part of the century he came to Middle Tennessee, where he died about 1851, at the age of sev- enty-two. The mother, Sarah (Davidson) Shaw, was born in Virginia and died in 1826. Three of their six children are liv- BIOGKAPHICAL APPENDIX. 657 ing: Wesley B., of Pettis County, Mo.; Hannah A., of Eldorado, and our subject. Mr, Shaw was educated in the pioneer schools of Tennessee, at the age of thirteen lost his mother, and as his father then broke up housekeeping, he was thrown on his own resovirces. In 1831 he married Luvinier Dodd, a native of Wilson County, Tenn., born in 1812. Five of their nine children are living: Sarah E. (wife of W. C. Murray), Mary A. (wife of Spencer W. Morgan), Robert L., James M. and William A. B. In about 1842 he went to Cooper County, Mo., and in 1847 came to Saline County and bought his present farm of forty acres. He is one of the oldest citizens, and at one time owned 520 acres. His son, W. A. B., is an enterprising young farmer, and owns 100 acres. He, the son, was married, November 11, 1877, to Emily C. Karns, who was born in Saline County in 1863. Their two children are Bertha and Vernie. Our subject is a Republican, and cast his first vote for Van Buren. He has been deacon of the Methodist Episcopal Church for the past seventeen years. His wife died April 9, 1888. William H. Shook. William H. Shook, farmer and stock raiser, was born in St. Clair, 111., in 1850, the son of Sidney and Serena (Wilderman) Shook. The father, born in St. Clair County in 1810, was the son of Samuel Shook. Sidney was married at about twenty-one, spent his entire life in his native county as a farmer, and died in 1874. The mother, born in the same county, is still living there. Our subject was educated in the common schools, and lived at home until thirty-one. In March, 1881, he married Lucinda, daughter of Isaac and Mary Phillips, of St. Clair County, where she was born. The same year he came to Saline County, and has since been a resident of his present fine farm of 120 acres, ten miles northwest of Harrisburg, and this he has gained through his own efforts and management. Politically a Democrat, his 658 SALINE COUNTY. first vote was for Greeley. He is a member of the Farmers' Mutual Benefit Association, and his wife belongs to the Methodist Episcopal Church. Andrew J, Sisk. Andrew J. Sisk, farmer, was born near his present home December 14, 1834 His father, Strutton, a native of North Carolina, came with his parents to Hopkins County when a child, and when of age married Sallie Slaten, a native of Kentucky, who died at the old home in 1844. The father, a farmer chiefly, died also on the homestead now owned by our subject September 4, 1874. Our subject, one of ten children, reared to maturity, and with a common -school edu- cation, has always been a farmer. In 1862 he enlisted in the One Hundred and Twentieth Illinois Infantry; was at Guntown, Eastport, Vicksburg and other lesser actions, serving over three years, and was discharged at Memphis at the close of the war. A pocket-knife, carried through the Revolution by Lewis Howell, afterward a second husband of our subject's grandmother, is care- fully guarded by the family as a souvenir for future genera- tions. January 10, 1856, our subject married Hannah, daughter of James Wilson, a farmer formerly of Kentucky. Their eleven children are Thomas C, Henry F., Andrew J., Georgia A., Hebecca J., Nellie, Sallie D., Albert A., S. Timothy, Aubrey and Roscoe Blaine. Mrs. Sisk was born in Kentucky, May 24, 1837. Our subject is a stanch Republican, a Mason, and most of his family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He has a finely situated and improved farm and home of 160 acres. Col. Charles P. Skagqs. Col. Charles P. Skaggs, cashier of the Bank of Harris- burg, was born December 1, 1858, in Marion, 111. He is the son of Prior L. and Eliza J. (Davis) Skaggs. The father was of English origin, born in Knox County, Tenn. At eighteen began BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 659 an apprenticeship at tanning for five years, and the two years fol- lowing this worked as a journeyman. In 1848 he married, and their five children are William T., harness-maker; Col. Charles P. ; Elizabeth J., wife of Col. Clinton Otey; Prior L. and Hannibal G. Having learned shoemaking, he went to Williamson County, 111., and engaged in that in 1855, and in 1861 engaged in both in Harrisburg. After three years he sold out his tan- yard and established a harness, saddle and shoe shop, his present business. In 1862 he enlisted in Company F, One Hundred and Twentieth Kegiment Volunteer Infantry, and was at Vicksburg, Eastport Landing and in numerous skirmishes. He was made corporal in 1863, and discharged at Memphis in September, 1865. His wife, born in 1832, in Knox County, Tenn., is yet living. Our subject was ten years old when they came to Harris- burg. He educated himself at the Southern Illinois Normal, at Carbondale, and when sixteen had county superintendent's cer- tificate for teaching. When nineteen he began the study of law under Gregg & Gregg, but he soon became an expert in the abstract business, making books of Saline, Gallatin and parts of Hamilton and Jefferson Counties. Since 1883 he has held his present position ably and faithfully. In November, 1882, he mar- ried Carrie E., daughter of H. W. Seimer, an old merchant of Mount Vernon, 111., where she was born. Their two children are Charles S. and Frank P. He is lieutenant-colonel in the Sons of Veterans, is a thirty-second degree Mason, a Knight Templar, P. H. P. of Saline Chapter, R. A. M., P. G in I. Q. O. F. lodge, Recorder in S. K. and in the A. O. U. W. lodge, and his wife is a member in the Methodist Church and the W. R. C. He is a Republican and a rising young business man. James C. Slaten. James C. Slaten, farmer, was born a short distance from his present home April 15, 1842. His father, John J., a native of 660 SALINE COUNTY. Kentucky, and a farmer, settled on the present homestead of our subject in 1836, and was soon married to Hannah M., daughter of Michael Roark, a pioneer of the county. Since 1880 he has lived in Harrisburg. The mother was born near the present home of our subject, and died at Harrisburg in August, 1885. Our subject, one of twelve children, reared on the farm with common- school advantages, and has been chiefly a farmer and stock dealer. In July, 1861, he enlisted in the Third Illinois Cavalry, Col. E, A. Carr, serving three years, being at Pea Ridge, and lesser actions in Missouri, Champion Hill, Jackson and Vicks- burg, then to New Orleans and upon the Red River expedition, and discharged at Springfield, 111. April 15, 1876, he married Minerva J., daughter of Thomas Davis, and granddaughter of Stephen F. Mitchell, one of the earliest pioneers of Saline County. She was born near Harrisburg March 2, 1853. Their children are Minnie, Broughton, Custer and Logan C. Edgar S. and Lora May are his children by a former marriage. Edgar is managing his father's stock farm on the Ohio River, while Lora is at Ewing College, Franklin County. Our subject is a Republican, first voting for Lincoln. His wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Slaten owns 800 acres, 280 of which are in the home place. Stock dealing occupies his attention chiefly. W. H. Thornberry. W. H. Thornberry, circuit clerk and recorder, was born in 1853 in Saline County, 111., the son of William and Ursula A. (Grable) Thornberry. The father, English in origin, was born in 1822 in Jackson County, 111. When a youth he came to Saline County and was married, and afterward opened a farm near Raleigh where he passed his life. He died September 16, 1884, an extensive land owner and a respected citizen. He was dea- con of the Baptist Church for many years. The mother, German in descent, and born in Kentucky, is now sixty-two years old. Her BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 661 seven children are Wiliam H. ; Thomas J., a farmer; Robert F., a farmer; George W., a farmer; Martha J.; Mary A., and Emily F., wife of A. C. Webber. Our subject was educated in the common schools and at Ewing College, Franklin County. When eighteen he began teaching, and taught continuously for thirteen years in Saline County, with the exception of four years in Kentucky, two of which were in Sebree, Ky. He was in the front rank of Saline County teachers in every respect. In November, 1884, the Republican party elected him circuit clerk and recorder, with a majority of 300 votes, running ahead of his ticket 156 votes. He has held the office two years, and successfully conducted it. He is a member of the F. & A. M., I. O. O. F. and A. O. U. W., fraternities, and is a most courteous gentleman. J. W. TOWLE. J. W Towle, of Mitchell & Towle, general merchants, was born in Gallatin County, in 1838, the son of Israel D. and Eliza (Pierce) Towle. The father of Scotch-Irish origin, born in New Hampshire in 1787, was a carpenter by trade. A few years after his marriage in Massachusetts he removed to New York, and in 1832 came to Equality, 111. After 1856 he lived in Harrisburg, where he died in 1875. He had been a soldier in the war of 1812. The mother, of like ancestry, was born in 1797 in Westminster, Mass., and died, in 1876. Both were members of the Presbyterian Church at Harrisburg, which was organized September 5, 1868, on which day he became an elder and peti- tioned to erect the present building. He was devoted to the cause. Two of their eleven children are living: Charles P. and our subject. He was educated at Equality, early had the support of his parents dependent upon his efforts at whatever honest work he could find to do, whom he cared for until their death. In 1856 he came to Harrisburg; in 1861 began clerking for Robert Mick, and after a year here he spent two years with J. 662 SALINE COUNTY. M. Baker, after which Dr. Mitchell and Mr. Baker became partners. He continued with them two years, when, on buying out Dr. Mitchell's interest, the firm became Baker & Co. Dr. Mitchell, in 1868, bought out Mr. Baker, and the present firm was then formed and has continued with success. In May, 1868, he married Minerva J., daughter of Lorenzo Rathbone, born in Hamilton County. Their two children are Ralph S. and Her- man T. In politics a Republican, he cast his first vote for Stephen A. Douglas. He is a menber of the K. of H. and Ladies G. K. of H. His wife is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and both are esteemed citizens. William C. Tkavelstead. William C. Travelstead, a farmer and ordained minister of the Free-Will Baptist Church, was born in Allen County, Ky., in 1833. He is the youngest of three surviving members of a family of eleven children born to Frederick and Mary (Burton) Travelstead. His father, who was of German descent, was born in North Carolina about 1785, and his mother, who was of Irish descent, was born near Charleston, S. C, several years later than her husband. After marriage they moved to and located in Sumner County, Tenn., but soon moved to Allen County, Ky., where nearly all their children were born. There Frederick Travelstead followed farming until about 1853, when he moved to Township 9, Range 5, where he died in about one year. His widow about one year afterward moved to White County, 111., where she died in 1855. The subject of this sketch was educated in Allen County, Ky. At the age of twenty he left home and began life for himself. When twenty-one he married and moved on the farm formerly owned by his father, where he remained until he was twenty-five, when he also came to Illinois, and soon bought a portion of the farm on which he is still resid- ing, in Section 8, Township 9, Range 5. His wife was Nancy BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 663 Cole, daughter of Zachariah and Sarah (Finney) Cole, of Allen County, Ky., where she was born in 1833. Mr. and Mrs. Travel- stead have seven children living: Sarah Ellen (wife of Joseph Barter, Mary Ann (wife of Jefferson Mandrill), Lurina Elmina (wife of William Farr), Lucinda Union (wife of Stephen Isaacs), Joseph, Josephine and Effie. They have also had four other children, all of whom are dead: Tabitha Cormeler, Lucy Jane, Nancy Adeline and William Sherman. In August, 1862, Mr. Travelstead enlisted in Company F, One Hundred and Twentieth Illinois Infantry, and in December of same year was discharged on account of physicial disability. Since 1865 he has been an earnest and faithful minister of the gospel, preaching in Saline, Williamson and Franklin Counties, and has been the means of effecting much good. He has also succeeded in accumulating considerable property, now owning a good and well cultivated farm of 130 acres. Always having been a strong Union man so he has always been since the war a straightforward and a stanch Republican. He cast his first vote for President James Bu- chanan. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., and his entire family except Sarah, Joseph and Effie, are members of the Free- Will Baptist Church. Sarah is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. H. L. Von Lieven. H. L. Von Lieven, merchant and farmer, was born in May, 1852, in Evansville, Ind., the oldest of three children of H. G. and Mary M. (Bittrolff) Von Lieven. The father was born in Old- enberg, Germany, in 1816, and the mother in Baden, in 1829. The father, when a youth, came to New York, and after about three years went to Galena, 111., where he married a Miss Von Lenden, who died after the birth of the second child. He soon moved to Evansville, and worked at his trade for eight years, and then until 1865 was in the pattern shops. The mother's parents came directly to Evansville, and after about a year went 664 SALINE COUNTY. to Priuceton, Ind., wliere they remained three years, and again returned to Evansville, then a place of thirty-four houses, and remained there until their deaths, when the city had reached 50,000 people. The mother was married to Joseph Bocroc, who died after they had had their third child. The father and mother were married there about 1851, In December, 1865, they moved their family to our subject's present farm, in Som- erset Precinct, Saline County. Our subject was educated in Evansville and in Saline County, and finished at the commercial college of the former place. After the father's death, in April, 1870, our subject remained at home until twenty -four years old, when he married and began renting the place which he after- ward purchased. The mother died in Hardin County in Octo- ber, 1885. Since October, 1882, he has had a general store on his farm. His wife, Mary A., daughter of William and Malinda (Speaks) Shade, was born in September, 1858, in Washington County, Ind. Their four children are Henry W., John L., George F. and Ella M. He is a Democrat politically, first vot- ing for Tilden. In November, 1873, when twenty-one, he was elected justice in his precinct, but resigned to attend the com- mercial college, and then was re-elected and has served ever since. For eight years he has been township treasurer, and since 1884, when it was established, has been postmaster of Somerset. He is a member of the F. & A. M. and I. O. O. F. lodges at Harrisburg. His farm contains sixty acres, fairly improved. Judge Eichard N. Wakfield. Judge Kichard N. Warfield, police justice of Harrisburg, was born in Nicholas County, Ky., in 1820, the son of Eichard and Sarah (Wadkins) Warfield. The father, German in ances- try, born near Baltimore in 1773, was a farmer, and after his marriage in his native State he went to Nicholas County, Ky., about 1817, and settled finally in 1824 in Henderson County, BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 665 Ky., and died in 1838. The mother, English in origin, and born in Maryland in 1783, died in 1832. Our subject, the only survivor of ten children, and educated in the common schools, kept to the old place, even after his parents died. In 1844 he married Catherine F., daughter of Philip B. and Charlotte Cheaney, born in Henderson County in 1824. Their one child, living, is Charlotte A., widow of Dr. Cornelius Baker. His wife died in 1849, and in 1852 he married Annie C. Church, born in Union County, Ky. Their one child is Ella C, wife of Capt. James H. Pierce, county clerk of Saline County. Mrs. Warfield died in 1853, and the same year he came to Saline County and bought 500 acres five miles west of Harrisburg, and resumed farming. From 1855 until 1865 he was county clerk. After eighteen months of milling and lumbering, in 1868 he returned to the farm. From February to December, 1873, he was mail agent on the Cairo, Vincennes & Chicago Railway, which position he resigned because elected county judge, in which capacity he served until December, 1882. In January, 1883, he was elected justice of the peace, which he resigned to accept his present office, to which he was elected in 1885. He is also town clerk. No man is more familiar with Saline County affairs, and, with his thirty-two years of public life, his opinions are valued highly. Formerly a Democrat, and first voting for Polk, he has since the war been a Republican. He is a member of the Masonic order, with royal arch and council degrees. Religiously he is a Universalist. David Westbrook. David Westbrook, farmer, was born in Johnson County, 111., in 1825, the son of James and Annie (McGowen) Westbrook. The father, of English origin and born in Virginia, went to Ken- tucky and to Jolmson County, 111., in 1813, one of the earliest settlers of that part of the State; he died in 1852. The mother, Scotch- Irish in origin, and born in Kentucky, died about 1830. 666 SALINE COUNTY. Five of their twelve children are living: Samuel, David, Lewis, Francis M. and Anna, widow of W. J. Skelton. Cast on the mercy of the people when a young boy, our subject's education was very limited, never attending school, and $5 per month was his first pay, never receiving more than S8. For a number of years he was a day laborer, and in 1844 he married Issa Etta, daughter of Solomon Skelton, born in South Carolina in 1824, and coming to Illinois when about six years old. Their five children are Charles M., Sarah ( ivife of W. H. Endicott), Stacy J. (wife of W. V. Pennell), Susan E. (wife of J. T. Endicott), and Viola (wife of E. H. Upchurch). Soon after marriage he bought 120 acres in Williamson County, where he lived until 1854, when he sold out and bought 200 acres in Section 1, Eldo- rado Precinct, but sold out the next year and bought his present home of 200 acres, and now owns 800 acres, one of the best farms in the county. His barn, 60x130 feet, is the largest in the county. He is a self-made man, a Democrat in politics, first voting for Cass, and is a member of the F. & A. M. and I. O. O. F. His wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. ElCHAKD WeSTBROOK. Richard Westbrook, county commissioner, of Saline County, was born in Johnson County, 111., in 1842. He is the son of William and Mary (Taylor) Westbrook. The father was born in Johnson County in 1813, and married, lived and died there. His death occurred in 1849. He was the owner of 300 acres of fine land. The mother, born in 1816 in Kentucky, has since her husband's death lived on the old place. Eight of their eleven children are living: James, a farmer of Johnson County; John, a farmer in Saline County; Ellen, widow of Peter Johns, in John- son County; Elizabeth, wife of Jesse Harper; our subject; Eme- line, wife of A. Taylor, lives in Williamson County; Alexander, in Saline County, and Samuel, in Johnson County. Educated in BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 667 the pioneer home schools, our subject left home in December, 1863, and enlisted in Company H, Eighty-first Illinois Infantry, for three years or for the war, and in the Red River expedition fought at Spanish Fort and in numerous skirmishes, and was dis- charged at Montgomery, Ala., in April, 1866. In January, 1867, he married Margaret H. Dugger, born in Maury County, Tenn., in 1848. Their five children are Mary (wife of S. W. Scott), William T., Alexander, Lizzie and Lola. In 1867 he bought eighty acres in Eldorado Precinct, Section 12, his present home, with a dwelling erected in 1884 at $1,100, and other fine im- provements. He now owns 280 acres, and is a successful citizen. He is a Republican, first voting for Lincoln. Since 1878 he has held his present position, is a member of the G. A. R., and his wife is a member of the Christian Church. Hon. S. F. Williford. Hon. 8. F. Williford, attorney at law, was born in Saline County in 1853, the son of John L. and Catherine C. (Ledford) Williford. The father, French in origin, born in 1825 in Tennessee, when about seven years old came with his father, John B., to Gallatin County, 111., among the earliest settlers in that county. John L., a farmer, after his marriage located on his present farm of 150 acres, near Harrisburg, and from 1853 to 1859 ran a country store there. The mother, born in Criten- den County, Ky., in 1824, died in December, 1881. Four of their nine children are living: Mary J., wife of J. M. Abney, of Marion, III; our subject, Timothy P., a teamster, and Robert L., a teacher. After his education at Ewing College, Franklin County, our subject, when of age taught for six terms in Saline County. In 1878 he also began studying law under Gregg & Parish, afterward under Morris & Boyer. He was admitted at Mount Vernon in 1882, and began practice'in Harris- burg, soon becoming a partner with A. W. Lewis, continuing bbO SALINE COUNTY. until May, 1884. In July, 1885, he and H. C. Steff became part- ners for one year, since which time he has been alone in his successful practice, and is a rising young lawyer, preferring practice in the circuit courts. He was a justice from February, 1880 to November, 1883. Politically he is a Republican. August 29, 1877, he married MoUie Wright, nee Hughes, a native of Kentucky. Their children are Marshall E., Pearl and John. He is a member of the A. O. U. W., and his wife is a member of the Missionary Baptist Church. E. T. Wills. E. T. Wills, farmer, was born in 1845, in Ohio, and is one of eleven children of A. and Tabitha Wills. The former was born in Pennsylvania in 1818, and the latter in 1823. The father, a resident of Ohio since his young manhood, in 1860 moved to central Illinois, and in 1882 came to Harrisburg, where he lives a retired farmer. Our subject graduated from Bryant & Strat- ton's Business College, Chicago, in 1868, and in 1869 he mar- ried Cordelia, daughter of Jacob Miller, born in Sangamon County, 111. They have seven children. He has always been devoted to farming, and in 1883 located on his present well improved farm of 240 acres. He is a successful manager. In political views he is a Republican. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. John H. Wilson. John H. Wilson, a leading farmer of Saline County, was born in 1826, in Westmoreland County, Penn. He is the third of fourteen children, five of whom are dead, born to Robert and Ellen (Hilbert) Wilson. Robert Wilson was of Irish descent, born in Pennsylvania in 1800. His wife was also born in Penn- sylvania in 1800, though of New Jersey parentage. The former was a prosperous farmer in Allegheny and Armstrong Counties BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX, 669 until his death in the latter county in 1869, Mrs. Wilson having died there in 1854. The subject of this sketch received his education in Allegheny County, Penn., remaining at home until he was twenty-two years of age, when he married and began life on his own account. From 1863 to 1868 he was proprietor of a hotel at Grays Eddy on the Alleghany Railroad. In the latter year he moved his family to Illinois, and settled on Section 21, Township 9, Range 6, in Saline County. His wife was Jane Christy, daughter of John and Agnes (McGregor) Christy, of Pennsylvania. She was born in Beaver County, Penn., in 1823. As the result of her marriage with Mr. Wilson she has had eleven children, seven of whom are living : Ellen Jane, wife of James L. Elder ; Elizabeth, wife of Frank Davidson ; John Craw- ford ; Alice Mary, wife of Wilson Williford ; Agnes Ann, Robert N, and Scate West. The names of those who have died are Margaret, William, Albert and Nathan, all of whom died in infancy. Mr. Wilson has always been a hardworking, indus- trious and prosperous farmer, and has accumulated the principal part of his property by his own efforts. He served one term of three years as commissioner of Saline County to the general sat- isfaction of all good, law abiding citizens. He now owns one of the best 160-acre farms in the county which, by his labors, has been changed from a wilderness to a well cultivated and finely improved farm. He is a straightforward and strong Repub- lican, and cast his first vote for Zachary Taylor, for President in 1848. Himself, wife and family are all consistent members of the Presbyterian Church. BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 671 HAMILTON COUNTY. Maj. John T. Anderson. Maj. John T. Anderson, farmer, was born in 1836 in Hamil- ton County, the second of seven children of Edmund and Nancy (Turrentine) Anderson. The father, born in Union County, Ky., about 1812, and of Scotch origin, was the son of John Ander- son, born in Virginia, about 1781, and who at fourteen removed to Tennessee with his parents. In 1818, John, Sr., having been married in Kentucky, located on the site of the McLeansboro fair ground, and assisted in laying out the town and roads, and organizing the county. Hamilton County's first court was held in his house. He served as deputy sherifp, and was elected cor- oner in 1830, receiving his commission from ex-Gov. Edwards. He was a farmer. Four of his eight children are living, all in Hamilton County. He died in 1873, and his wife in 1846. Edmund was married in Hamilton County when twenty-one, was always a farmer near McLeansboro, and died in 1864. His wife, born about 1813 in Alabama, died in about 1870, a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. Our subject alter- nated teaching and educating himself, finishing at Princeton, Ky., after he was of age. In 1862 he married Mary, daughter of James and Sarah Barnett, native of Tennessee. Their child is James E. She died in 1863, and in December, 1866, he mar- ried Martha E., daughter of Hillery and Sarah Patrick. Their children are Charles^L., Flora B., C. Hillery, Walter and Harry. In August, 1862, he resigned his surveyorship, to which he had been elected in 1860, and enlisted in Company A, Eighty-seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry, was made captain, and in 1864 major. 672 HAMILTON COUNTY. After eighteen months in the regular, he was afterward in the mounted infantry, at Vicksburg and all through the Red River Campaign. After three years' service he returned to farming and stock raising. Since 1866 he has been a resident of his present farm. He owns 275 acres of choice land near McLeansboro. He has been for many years a member of the school board, is an Odd Fellow, and he and his wife are members of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. Formerly a Democrat, voting for Douglas, he has since been a Republican. HiEKOM AtCHISSON. Hierom Atchisson, farmer and miner, was born in Hamilton County in 1834, on the place where he now resides. He is one of nine children of Joseph T. and Margaret W. Hopper. The f ath er , born in Port Tobacco, Md., in 1789, was in the war of 1812, after which he came to what was then Gallatin County, then in 1819 to Hamilton County. In 1863 he entered mercantile life, which he continued until his death in 1864 in Lynchburg, 111. The mother, born in 1798 in North Carolina, came to Jefferson County, 111., in 1816 with her parents, and in 1849 died in Hamilton County. Educated in Hamilton County, our subject began min- ing in California. He continued about eight years, when on Sep- tember 19, he enlisted in Company I, Fourth Cavalry Volunteer Infantry, and was honorably discharged October 31, 1864, in Arizona. He remained there until 1869, engaged as government contractor in merchandise and mining, and then he returned to the old homestead and married Marietta, daughter of Isaac and Sarah E. Richardson, born in 1850, in Hamilton County. She died in 1884. Five of their seven children are living: Charles Harvey, Ada, Mary, Edgar, Sarah and Hiram are the names of all. After his wife's death, he was with his brother in Arizona in min- ing and merchandise for two years, when he returned home and married Eveline, daughter of Barton and Perlina Atchison. BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 673 He has a fine home of 400 acres seven miles west of the county seat. In politics he is a Republican, voting first for Buchanan. He is a member of the F. & A. M., G. A. R. and F. M. B. A. His wife is a member of the Missionary Baptist Church. ASHER & LeDBETTER. Asher & Ledbetter, general merchants, McLeansboro, estab- lished their present firm in November, 1880, and have since suc- sessf uUy conducted it, carrying a large and well selected stock of staple and fancy goods, dry goods, clothing, shoes, hats, queens- ware, groceries, etc., and also handle a full line of wagons and plows, are agents for Blount's plows and wagons, with which they are having a large trade. They control a large share of city and county trade. John C. Asher was born in Crittenden County, Ky., December 11, 1850, the son of William W., and Narcissus (Nich- ols) Asher, both natives of Kentucky. He was reared in Kentucky, and graduated from the Evansville Business College. In 1874 he began the mercantile business in Claysville, Ky., and two years later in Union County, Ky. Since 1880 he has been engaged in his present business. June 5, 1877, he married Katie Ledbetter, a native of Providence, Ky. Their son is Virgil. Mr. Asher is a Democrat, and has been a member of the city council for two years. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., K. of P. and of the Baptist Church. E. W. Ledbetter was born in Providence, Ky., March 2, 1860, the son of Wiley and Nannie (Payton) Ledbetter. Our subject was reared and educated in his native county. Since 1880 he engaged in his present business, they being brothers-in- law. He is a Democrat and a Knight of Pythias. Pk C. Atkinson. El. C. Atkinson, a large farmer and stock raiser, was born October 13, 1831, in McMinn County, Tenn., the fourth of fif- 674 HAMILTON COUNTY. teen children (four deceased) of James and Winnie (Bomer) Atkinson, tlie former born in 1797, in North Carolina, of Irish origin, and the latter in 1807, in East Tennessee, of English stock. They were married in East Tennessee, where the father had lived from childhood, and in 1853 moved to Jefferson County, 111., and settled on the farm where they died in 1876 and 1872 respectively. Our subject educated in his native county and at college in Bradley County, began for himself at twenty, and after reaching Illinois, worked with his father until 1855. He then married and settled on his farm five miles east of Mount Vernon, and after two years here and four years on his farm three miles south of Mount Yernon, he established a grocery business at Spring Garden. In 1866 he merged this into a gen- eral merchandise business, and soon moved his stock to Middleton, Wayne County. After four years here and a year at Belle River in Jefferson County, where he erected some buildings, lost a child, and through general sickness became disheartened, he sold out, and again established a general merchandise business at McLeans- boro. Here he successfully engaged in business for twelve years, until 1885, when, after about twenty-one years of mercantile life, he moved to his present farm. October 4, 1855, he married Lucinda E., daughter of Isaac Garrison, born September 16, 1836, in Saline County, 111. Three of their ten children are dead. Margaret W., wife of J. P. Price; Angeline, wife of Will McConnell; David R., Lizzie B., William T., Calaway and John M. P. are living. From a poor boy our subject has become one of the wealthiest citizens of the county, now owning 480 acres of land besides valuable town property. Politically he is a Demo- crat, first voting for Pierce. He is a Mason, member of Pope Lodge, No. 57, and his entire family excepting the youngest two ohildren are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is one of the county's leading citizens. BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 675 Valentine S. Benson. Valentine S. Benson, M. D., of McLeansboro, was born in Gallatin County, May 22, 1834, the son of Charles R. and Mary (Riggin) Benson, natives respectively of Virginia and Tennessee. Grandparents Babel Benson and Nelly Soward, his wife, resided in Greenbrier County, Va. The father was born in Greenbrier County, Va., September 28, 1793. The mother, Polly Riggin Benson, was born in Knox County, Tenn., June 23, 1796, and was the daughter of James Riggin, a Methodist minister. They were married in Knox County, Tenn., April 5, 1821, and immigrated the following fall to Sangamon County, 111., then St. Clair County, and in 1830 moved to Gallatin County, 111. The father served in the war of 1812, was in several hard fought battles, that of the Horse Shoe Bend being one of them. About the year 1821 he located in Sangamon County, then St. Clair County, and finally settled in Gallatin County on a farm, and followed stock raising and farming successfully until his death, October 16, 1847, while on a visit in Missouri. The mother died December 26, 1838. The father then married Mrs. Lovina Puddles, by whom he had two daughters, one living, Mrs. Anne de Journet, of Mount Vernon, 111. By his first marriage were James M., of Johnson County; Andrew H., of Gallatin County; Ignatius M., of Johnson County; John P., of Benton County, Oreg. ; Charles B., killed in the late war; Nancy H. (deceased) ; Mary R. (deceased wife of Dr. John De Webber), Gallatin County; our subject, and Francis A., who died at the age of seven or eight years. Our subject, reared and educated in his native county, also attended high school in Jacksonville. In 1853, he began medical study under Dr. Rathbone, of Harrisburg, and read also under Dr. Bishop, of Shawneetown. In 1855-56, he attended St. Louis Medical College. He practiced in Hamilton County and McLeansboro, and in 1869-70 graduated from the Kentucky School of Medicine, at Louisville. He has practiced 676 HAMILTON COUNTY. here ever since 1863, having practiced in Benton, 111., for six years prior to this. He is deservedly successful and is the peer of any in his profession in the county. February 18, 1855, he married Mary E., daughter of Dr. L. Eathboue, an early and prominent physician. She died in February, 1864, leaving four children, two living now: Dr. John G. Benson, and Kittie, wife of J. R. Campbell. His second wife, Mariam H. Allen, died about eight months after marriage. In January, 1867, he married his present wife, Judith A. (TVilbanks) Parrish, a native of Jefferson County. He is a Democrat, and in 1865 represented the county in the State Legislature. From 1876 to 1880 he was a member of the State Board of Equalization, and for three and a half years on the local pension board. In August, 1885, President Cleveland appointed him physician to the Indians, in which capacity he spent a year at Fort Peck, M. T., and resigned. Since his return he has been also interested in farming and stock- raising on his valuable land. He has been prominently identified with municipal affairs for years. He is an Odd Fellow, and a man of recognized ability in his business and profession. Isaac G. Berridge, Isaac G. Berridge was born in Evansville, Ind., August 6, 1845, the son of Joseph and Sarah (Grooms) Berridge, natives of England. The father came to the United States a short time before our subject's birth and located at Evansville, Ind., their present home. Isaac G. was raised and educated in his native city, and learned the dry goods business in a large wholesale firm in that city, first as clerk, then as traveling salesman. In 1873 he came to McLeansboro, engaged in his present busi- ness, and has contributed largely to the success of the well known firm of Berridge & Pake. January 19, 1872, he married Sarah V. Burtis, of Evansville, Ind. Their only child is Mabel. He is a Republican, an Odd Fellow and a Knight of Honor. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. biographical appendix. 677 Silas Biggerstaff. Silas Biggerstaff, farmer, was born October 8, 1839, in Ham- ilton County, the second of ten children, three deceased, of Alfred and Evaline (Garrison) Biggerstaff, the former of German-French descent, born in Ulenberg County, Ky., in 1803, and the latter of English origin, born in 1813 in Tennessee. They were married in Hamilton County, and settled on a farm in Crooke Pre- cinct, where the father died in July, 1861. The mother is still living on the same place. Our subject was educated in the com- mon schools, and when twenty-two married and settled on a farm in Beayer Creek Township, where he remained twelve years. He then sold and moved to the " Ira Munsell farm " which he sold about two years later and bought an interest in the Belle City Grist and Saw Mill. After six years' residence there in that bus- iness, he returned to his farm, and in January, 1885, sold it and bought the old " Judge Crouch farm " in Crouch Township. His wife, Sidney, daughter of William and Sallie (Boyer) Fields, was born in 1841, in White County, 111. Their six children are John M. (deceased), Paris R. (deceased), William A., Mary L., Charles S. and Sallie. In March,' 1864, our subject enlisted in Company K, Eighteenth Illinois Infantry, at Enfield, White County, and was soon appointed second lieutenant, but resigned on account of ill health, and after but four or five months' service was hon- orably discharged. He has, by hard work, made the chief part of his property, and now owns 440 acres, about 200 of which are cleared and cultivated. It is in Sections 27 and 28. Politically he is an independent Democrat first voting for Douglas. He has been constable several years, and in Belle City was justice four years. His Belle City Mill burned about 1880, and his loss was about $4,000, but he has recuperated from the financial loss. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 678 hamilton county. James H. Beown. James H. Brown, farmer, was born in Wayne County, Mo., in 1845, the son of Green and Margie (Mayberry) Brown. The father, born in middle Tennessee about 1805, came to Hamilton County in his youth and married, but in a few years he went to Wayne County, Mo. Here he was soon appointed deputy sheriff, and in 1846, while attempting an arrest, he was shot and killed. The mother, born in Hamilton County, in 1815, returned then to her birthplace and married James F. Gallihur, who is also dead. She is yet living, about seventy-two years old. Our subject, the youngest of six children, lived with his mother until nearly twenty, and in January, 1863, married Nancy, daughter of Aaron S. McKenzie, born in Hamilton County in 1832. Eight of their eleven children are living: Aaron G., Margie E. (wife of F. Jennings), George S., William S., Martha A., Robert W., Charles F. and John H. After marriage he began farming his own prop- erty in Maberry Township. In 1883 he sold out and bought 360 acres in Sections 26 and 34, living in the latter section, his pres- ent home. His wife died August 12, 1882, and in January, 1883, he married Martha E. Jennings, daughter of Nathaniel Martin, born in Kentucky in 1849. Thomas and Martha E. are their children. He is a Democrat, first voting for McClellan. He is a Mason and a member of the A. O. U. W. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. William W. Buck. William W. Buck, farmer, was born in 1833, in Gallatin County, the son of John and Eliza (Cook) Buck. The father, of German descent, was born in 1793 in Virginia. His father, Warner, a native of Hesse, Germany, when eighteen, entered military service, and was among the Hessian soldiers bought by King George to suppress the American Revolution. He was captured at Trenton and held a prisoner three years, and then BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 679 During his imprisonment he and twelve others became so attached to the Americans that they attempted to desert to the American camp, but only he and one other succeeded. He settled in Virginia, and afterward, in 1797, moved with his family to Bowling Green, Ky., and in 1805 to Gallia County, Ohio. John was twelve years old when they came to Gallatin County, and in 1827 he married. In 1840 he settled in Beaver Creek Township, Hamilton County, the next year bought 120 acres, and the last twenty years of his life were spent with his son, AVilliam. He died August 4, 1883. His wife, Eliza Cook, was born in 1803, in Gallatin County, and died in 1839. Three of her six children are living: John J., of "MoLeansboro, ex-county clerk ; our subject, and Alexander, of Beaver Creek Town- ship. Our subject was five years old when his mother died, and the next year he came to Hamilton County and was educated in home subscription schools. At twenty-one he left his father, and February 23, 1854, he married Elizabeth, daughter of Jeffer- son Garrison, born August 10, 1836, in Gallatin County. She came to Hamilton County when a child. Their children are Eliza, wife of George Mason ; Thomas, George, Hasten and Cloid. He located on the eighty acres in Section 27, a gift from his father in 1855, and by his ability in business has made his possessions 340 acres, 240 of which is well improved and cultivated. He is one of the leading farmers of the region, and a Democrat, first voting for Buchanan. In November, 1876, he was elected county commissioner, and commissioned the 24th of November, by Gov. John L. Beveridge, to serve three years. He and his wife are members of the Christian Church. James M. Burton. James M. Burton, druggist and justice atDahlgren, was born May 31, 1848, in Knight's Prairie, Hamilton Co., 111. Our sub- ject was educated in the common schools, and at twenty began 680 HAMILTON COUNTY. selling groceries at Walpole, but a few months later moved to Leovilla, where he established himself in general merchandise. He married, and at the end of two years made a final move to Dahlgren, and was for two years in the dry goods business. Since that he has been in his present business, excepting three years as constable of his precinct. In 1880, when he began pharmacy again, he was also elected justice, and in 1885 re- elected. His wife, Mary A. (Preston), was born in 1849, in Coshocton County, Ohio. Their children are Ella M., Charity and Flora O. Three also are deceased. Mr. Burton is one of the leading men of Dahlgren, and politically is a Democrat, first voting for Greeley. He is popular in his party, and has always polled a strong vote when he has been candidate for two difPerent county offices. He is vice-president of Tonti, Dahlgren Lodge, No. 37, and a member of Iron Hall, Branch Lodge, No. 124, in the latter of which he served four years as cashier, and has lately been elected chief justice for the second term. He is a charter member of both orders. His wife is a Methodist, and his oldest daughter is a member of the Missionary Baptist Church. Hon. James E. Campbell. Hon. James K. Campbell, of McLeansboro, was born in Crook Township, Hamilton County, May 4, 1853, the son of John and Mary A. (Coker) Campbell. The father was born in Armagh County, North of Ireland, came to America with his two brothers in 1844, railroaded in Georgia and the Southern States, and later traded in stock. About 1851 he married in Hamilton County, and settled on his present farm. His four sons are James R. ; Bernard, now of Eeno, Nev. ; Charles, of Hutchison, Kas., and John L., of this county. Our subject's grandfather, John Campbell, was a soldier and officer twenty-one years in the British Army, was retired on a life pension, and died at the age of sixty-six years in the North of Ireland. He was the son of BIOGEAPHICAL APPENDIX. 683 Charles Campbell, a Scotch -Irishman, who was a loom-weaver and lived to be one hundred and four years old. Our subject's grand- father, Charles Coker, was a pioneer of the county and State, and married a daughter of James Crook, after whom our subject's native township was named. Charles Coker was a Methodist minister, a lieutenant in the Mexican war, and died of consumption brought on by service in the war. Our subject was educated at Notre Dame, lud., in 1869-71. He then assisted his father in the stock business, going by river frequently from Shawnee- town to New Orleans. In 1874-75 he was principal of the New Haven schools and also the next year. Daring 1876-77 he had charge of the Phillipstown (White County) schools, and in 1877-78 the Kamsey (Fayette County) schools. He had read law pretty thoroughly in the meantime, and in June, 1877, was licensed by the supreme court to practice. In 1878 the Demo- cratic convention nominated him by acclamation for the Legisla- ture to represent the Forty-sixth District, but he was defeated at the election. He was then a traveling salesman for a wholesale house until 1883. In 1879, in company with his brother, Charles, he bought the McLeansboro Times, which his brother edited and managed UDtil 1883, since when our subject has had complete and successful control. (See history of the Times elsewhere.) In December, 1883, he formed a law partnership with Judge Cloyd Crouch, and practiced law in McLeansboro until 1884, when he was nominated as before and elected to the thirty-fourth General Assembly, in which he was prominent, assisting the speaker to make up committees, and was himself chairman of the insurance committee, and member of the revenue and judiciary committees. In 1886 he was re-elected and is now in the Lower House of the thirty-fifth Assembly, December 19, 1879, he married Kittie B., daughter of Dr. Benson, a prominent physician of McLeansboro. They have one son, Valentine. He has been a life-long Democrat as have been his ancestors on both sides. He has given much 68-4: HAMILTON COUNTY. attention to stock raising and breeding, and was the first to intro- duce the Percheron Norman horses into this county, owning two magnificent stallions of that breed. He owns also the leading livery business in McLeansboro. Ira B. Carey. Ira B. Carey, farmer and stock dealer, was born in Hopkins County, Ky., in 1821, the eldest of eight children of John and Frances (Stokes) Carey, both natives of Kentucky and born in 1791 and 1799 respectively. The grandfather, Joseph Carey, a native of Ireland, came to the United States when a young man, and is now buried in Kentucky, opposite Shawneetown. The father served two years in the war of 1812 and was married about 1820. He remained in Hopkins County, Ky., until 1854, since then he has lived in Hamilton County, 111. He died in 1871, and had been class-leader in the Methodist Episcopal Church for forty years. The mother, a daughter of Maj. Thomas Stokes, of Kentucky, died October 12, 1875. Both are buried in St. Mary's Chapel Cemetery. Our subject remained at home until thirty years old, and March 19, 1850, was married to Lucy T. Nance. Their one child is Francis M., a farmer of Webster County, Ky. His wife died March 5, 1851, and May, 30, 1853, he married Isabella Sights. Their three children are Parlee G., wife of David Thompson; Mahuldah A., wife of H. Barker, Posey County, Ind., and Sarah J., deceased. His second wife died in 1860, and in 1862 he married Eliza A., daughter of Henry and Susan Mangis, born in East Tennessee in 1829. Only one of their six children is living — Mary E., wife of F. G. Freil. In 1856 he came to Hamilton County, and his finely improved farm of one hundred acres lies near Hoodville, and all has been from his own efforts. He served two terms as county commissioner, elected in 1879 and 1881. He is a public spirited man and a life-long Dem- ocrat, first voting for Polk. He is a Mason and has long been a BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 685 member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, while his wife is a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, and both are respected people of the community. « Aaron G. Cloud. Aaron G. Cloud was born in Dearborn County, Ind., Novem- ber 1, 1818, the son of William C. and Elizabeth (Guard) Cloud, natives, respectively, of Kentucky and Indiana. The family came to Illinois in 1832, and located on a farm in Gallatin County, where the father died in February, 1844. Our subject was reared on a farm and secured as good an education as was given to youths in that day in the country. When twenty-three he went to Hardin County, 111., and acted as bookkeeper and financial manager of The Illinois Furnace for five years. He then began mercantile business in his native county at Lawrenceburg, Ind., and with success until September, 1852, Avhen he engaged in the same at McLeausboro until 1876. During his business career he was involuntarily drawn into the real estate business to pro- tect his interests, so that to-day he is one of the largest land owners in southern Illinois. Since 1876 he has done a general loan business on real estate securities with a just reputation for honesty and integrity in his transactions. November 23, 1843, he married Eleanor H. McCoy, a native of Hardin County, 111. She died December 24, 1886, leaving two children: Chalon G., a banker at McLeansboro, and Mary E., wife of Chalon G. McCoy. Mr. Cloud is a Democrat. Chalon G. Cloud. Chalon G. Cloud, banker of McLeansboro, was born December 24, 1846, the son of A. G. Cloud, whose sketch see elsewhere. He was reared to manhood here, and educated at Asbury Univer- sity (now DuPauw), Greencastle, Ind., graduating in 1870. He was trained in his father's mercantile business, and in the spring 686 HAMILTON COUNTY. of 1871 graduated from Nelson's Business College, Cincinnati. In 1871 he established his present banking business. His elegant banking house, completed in the spring of 1882, and the Cloud residence, adjoijiing, on the southwestern corner of the public square, are the 'handsomest and best buildings of the kind in southern Illinois. April 18, 1883, he married Emma E. Blades, of this county. He is a Democrat. Capt. Joseph Coker. Capt. Joseph Coker, farmer and pioneer of the county, was born December 1, 1819, in Monroe County, Tenn. The seventh of ten children, four living, of William and Catherine (Huffman) Coker, the former of Scotch parentage, born about 1765 in Virginia, and the latter German, born several years later. They were married in Blount County, Tenn., where they were brought by their parents, and when our subject reached man- hood they moved to Polk County, Tenn., where the father died about 1850, on his farm. Soon after this the mother moved to Hamilton County, where she lived with her children until she died about 1858. Our subject was educated chiefly in Monroe County, and after part of a season, when twenty-one, in Louis- iana, came to McLeansboro, Hamilton County. When twenty- three, he married and settled on a farm he had purchased near McLeansboro, where he lived about forty years, until his family were all married but one. In October, 1861, our subject, Bev. Hosea Vise and W. L. Stephens organized Company D, Sixth Illinois Cavalry, of which he was made Second Lieutenant. In April, 1862, he was made first lieutenant, and in March, 1863, captain. November 25, 1865, he was honorably discharged at Springfield. He was at Port Hudson, Nashville and Franklin actions, besides many minor skirmishes. He lived on his farm west of McLeansboro until 1885, when he sold and moved to his present farm in Sections 26, 34 and 35. His wife, Harriets BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 687 Kichardson, was born in 1821, near the Virginia line in Ohio. Her parents came to Hamilton County in 1840, and the date of her marriage ia July 4, 1844. She died August 18, 1878, leav- ing six of her seven children: William A., Mary C, (widow of S. Martin), Charles A., Sarah J. (wife of J. W. T. Scruggs), David A. and Harriett M. Our subject began with nothing, and now owns a fine farm of 160 acres, mostly cleared. Formerly a Democrat, and voting for Polk, he has been a Kepublican since the first attack on Fort Sumter, and has been an honored soldier and citizen. He is a Mason, Polk Lodge. William and the daughters are mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and all the family are Methodists in sentiment. William A. Coker. William A. Coker was born in Hamilton County, March 28, 1845, the son of Joseph and Harriett (Richardson) Coker, natives respectively of Tennessee and Ohio. ( See sketch of the father elsewhere. ) Our subject was reared and educated in this county, and when seventeen accompanied his father in the war a year or so, and later went West and Northwest with a company of soldiers ; he was not a soldier however. In 1867-68 he worked with a sur- veying party under Gen. Wilson, assisting to locate locks and dams on the Hlinois River. In 1868 he returned home and taught school several terms, then engaged in the stock business dealing until 1874. He built the city mills in company with Andrew J. Guill. They operated the mill four years, since which our subject has operated and conducted them. August 28, 1867, he married Emily J. Davis, a native of this county. Their two children living are Eugene R. and Clarence. He is a Republican, but no aspirant for office. He is a Master Mason, and he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and is one of the reliable business men and citizens of McLeansboro. His residence is one of the most tasteful and homelike in the city. 688 hamilton county. John H, Corn, John H. Corn, farmer and notary public, was born in Prince- ton, Ind., in 1831, the ninth of twelve children of Hiram and Margaret J. (McMillan) Corn. The father, German in origin, and born in Kentucky, died in 1863 about eighty years old. He served as a Kentucky volunteer under Gen. Harrison in the war of 1812, and when a young man spent from 1824 to 1832 in Gib- son County, Ind., where he married. Then with the exception of fi'om 1837 to 1852 in Hamilton County, and two years in Morgan County, he spent the remainder of his life in Franklin County. He was always one of the substantial farmers of the county. The mother, born in Gibson County, is now living in Christian County, 111., at the age of eighty-two. Both were long members of the Missionary Baptist Church, but formerly Methodists. Our subject went to school in the log building, with no floor, puncheon seats, clap-board roof, and the smoke from a fire in the center of the room finding its way through a hole in the roof. In 1850 he married Palina C, daughter of James and Sarah Metheny a native of Flannigan Township, born in 1835. Eight of their eleven children are living: Walter C, of Crawford County, Ark. ; Arena J., wnfe of Thomas P. Waller, of Franklin County; David F. ; John R. ; Virginia, now Mrs. Adam H. Reed ; Lizzie, Linzey H. and Samuel E. He has been a resident of Flannigan Town- ship ever since his marriage, except from 1853 to 1855 in Morgan County. Since 1855 he has lived on his present farm of 190 acres, left after giving his sons, who are of age, each forty acres. It Is well improved and twelve miles southwest of McLeansboro, and all the fruit of his own careful management and industry. August 2, 1861, he enlisted in Company A, Fortieth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and after six months' service in Missouri and Kentucky, was discharged on account of disability. About 1865 he was elected justice and served four years, then three years after served an unexpired term for one year, and was re-elected mak- BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 689 iiigin all about seven years, and of several cases appealed all were confirmed by the superior courts. For eight years he has been notary public, commissioned by Gov. Cullom, Politically he is a Democrat, but otherwise non-partisan. His first vote was for Pierce. He is an old and prominent member of the I. O. O. F. and F. M. B. A. His wife was a member of the Missionary Baptist Church, but recently of the Christian Church. Warner D. Crouch. Warner D. Crouch, sheriff of Hamilton County, was born there November 30, 1849, the son of Cloyd and Eliza J. (Medley) Crouch, natives respectively of this county and Alabama. The subject's grandfather, Adam Crouch, a native of Virginia, came to White County, 111., in 1816, and in 1817 located in this county in the township which now bears his name. He was a farmer, a county commissioner, and, politically, a Democrat, He died on his farm in Crouch Township. The father, also a farmer in that township, was county judge nine years, and represented the county in the Legislature. He was a magistrate several years, county surveyor, and sergeant-at-arms in the last constitutional convention. He was a Democrat. In the late war he was quarter- master of the Sixtieth Illinois Volunteer Infantry. Three of his six children are living: Adam, of Wayne County; our subject, and Hiram, deputy sheriff. He died January 12, 1884, and his wife died March 12, 1887. Our subject was reared to manhood on the old homestead, and secured a good education. For twelve years he was teaching in connection with his farming in Crouch Township. He is a Democrat, and was elected sheriff in 1886. March 21, 1873, he married Sarah P. Proudfit, a native of Guernsey County, Ohio. Mary I., James A., Cloyd C, David P., Hiram C. and Lattia W. are their children. Mr. Crouch and wife are members of the Presbyterian Church. He is a reliable official and a popular citizen. 690 hamilton county. John H. Dale. John H. Dale, farmer and mechanic, was born in Hamilton County in 1828, the seventh of twelve children of John, Sr., and Nancy (Hall) Dale, natives of Kentucky. The father, of English ancestry, was twice married: first, in 1804, to Elizabeth Shirley, by whom he had four children; and lastly in December, 1816, after which he settled in Hamilton County, near the present home of our siibject. He was a farmer, and an exceptionally good pio- neer mechanic in wood or iron. He made the first cotton-gin, and some of the first mills built in the State. He was a remarkably strong man. and hospitable, so that he was familiarly known as "Uncle John" among his hosts of friends. He was captain of militia in times of general muster, and was once elected justice, but resigned. He was born May 5, 1775, and died August 30, 1860. The mother was born in 1798 and died April 16, 1870. Both were members of the Missionary Baptist Church. With a common-school education our subject began life, and was mar- ried in 1848 to Nancy, daughter of John and Malinda McLane, born in Franklin County March 30, 1830. Their seven children are Dr. Marion C, of McLeansboro; John W., a druggist at the same place; Fannie, wife of W. J. Mangis; "Robert M., Emery T., J. Riley and Charles A. He has since lived on his present farm, which adjoins his birthplace, and is three miles west of McLeans- boro, and consists of 263 acres finely improved, and which has all been gained through his own efforts, and in quiet, hard work. He is a public- spirited man, and in all ways devoted to the wel- fare of all about him. In 1887 he served as township collector. Reared a Democrat and first voting for Pierce, he has since the war been a Republican. Since his fifteenth year he has been an active worker in the Missionary Baptist Church, of which his wife also is a membet. Maeion C. Dale. Marion C. Dale, M. D., was born in Hamilton County January 8, 1850, the son of John H. Dale (see sketch). Our subject BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. GOl was educated in Hamilton County, the pupil of Prof. John Tur- rentine, and began the study of medicine in 1871 under Dr. A. De Foe, of this city. March 10, 1874, he graduated from Chicago Medical' College, and has been engaged in his present successful and lucrative practice ever since. He is a member of the Ham- ilton County Medical Society, and in President Arthur's adminis- tration he was one of the board of pension examiners. He is an Odd Fellow and a member of the K. of H. On October 3, 1875, he married Margaret A. Edington, a native of Tennessee. Their children are Omar, Harry W., Earnest A. and Edith. Dr. Dale is a Eepublican, and rather conservative in politics. He is a member of the city board of health. He and his wife are Mis- sionary Baptists. Besides his professional duties he attends to his farm of 200 acres of good land. He stands high in his pro- fession and as a citizen. William J. Darnall. William J. Darnall, farmer, was born in Franklin County in 1839, the sixth of twelve children of David and Anna (Leonard) Darnall. The father, torn in North Carolina, the son of Jordan Darnall, was reared and married in his native State, and soon after removed to Jefferson County, 111., then to Franklin County, and finally about 1845 to Hamilton County, where he died about 1878. He was a substantial farmer and stock dealer. The mother, born in South Carolina, died about 1882, nearly eighty- eight years old. Our subject, with no school advantages, was compelled to assist on the farm, and in August, 18(31, he enlisted in Company A, Fortieth Regiment of Volunteers, for three years, and was at Shiloh, Fort Donelson, Missionary Ridge, Corinth, Jackson ( Miss. ) , Vicksburg, and Atlanta when his enlistment expired. A gun-shot wound at Missionary Ridge disabled him for a time, during which he was at home. In 1864 he married Mary, daughter of Jordan and Elizabeth Fisher. Four of five 692 HAMILTON COUNTY, children are living. Clarinda C Schuyler C, Elizabeth and John H. His wife died in 1878, and in 1882 he married Mrs. Jane Dixon, nee Weathersby. He has since lived on his pres- ent fine farm of eighty-one acres of choice and improved land, which has been the result of his own management. Politically he is a Republican, and first voted for Lincoln. Mr. Darnall's eldest daughter. Clarinda, began teaching in 1884, and has been successful for several terms. William C. Davis. William C. Davis, farmer, was born December 15, 1825, in Muhlenberg County, Ky., the second of seven children of Amos and Elizabeth (Cain) Davis, the former of Welsh descent, born about 1800, in Kentucky, and the latter of Irish parentage, and also a native of Kentucky. They remained after their mar- riage in Muhlenberg County, until our subject was four years old, when they moved to Warwick County, Ind., where the father engaged in carpentering until 1834 After that until their deaths, in 1837 and 1872 respectively, they lived in White County. The mother afterward married John C. Lee, by whom she had two children — one living. Our subject, educated in the common schools of White County, came to Hamilton County after the death of his mother, and began work for Adam Crouch. In October, 1845, he married and lived on his farm, purchased near Belle City, for ten years. He then bought the farm now owned by John Grier, a mile and a half south, and moved there. In March, 1865, he enlisted in Company L, Sixth Illinois Cav- alry, and served about nine months; mustered out at Selma, Ala., and honorably discharged at Springfield. In December, 1880, he sold part of his farm and moved to his present home in Sec- tion 85. The most of his land is improved, and by hard, work he has acquired altogether 200 acres. His wife, Jane, daughter of John P. and Nancy (Ward) Warfield, was born June 15, BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 693 1827, in Hamilton County, III, and their marriage occurred Oc- tober 29, 1845. She died July 9, 1874. But six of their eight children are living. Elizabeth, wife of William Walters; Ke- becca, wife of William Standerfer; Mary; John A. ; Nancy, wife of John Williams, and Alice, wife of Charles Smith. He is a Democrat, first voting for Cass. He has been constable of Crouch Township eighteen years, deputy sheriff two years, and township trustee thirteen years. His daughter Elizabeth is a Methodist, while Rebecca and John are members of the Mission- ary Baptist Church. R. Davis. R. Davis, farmer and carpenter, was born in 1823 in Gallia County, Ohio, one of twelve children of Neamiah and Mary (Alli- son) Davis. The father, a farmer, of Welsh origin, was born August 20, 1778, in Maine, coming to Cincinnati's present site when nineteen, he cleared the land on which the water-works now stand in 1797. After a year here he lived in Athens, Ohio until 1817, in Gallia County; then, until 1839, he again removed to Hannibal County, 111., where he died in 1854, having lived to see all his children with families of their own. The mother, born January 31, 1789, in Pennsylvania, and at the outbreak of the Indian war in 1790, came with her parents to Marietta, Ohio, where her father commanded the fort, and where she was made familiar with the hardships of frontier life and scenes of Indian cruelties for seven years of her childhood. She died October 29, 1882. Our subject was educated in the district schools of Illinois and Ohio, and is now living on the old homestead. April 14, 1847, he enlisted in Company E, United States Infantry, engaged in the chief battles of the Mexican war, and was honorably dis- charged in August, 1848. In 1849 he married Annie, daughter of William and Sallie Sturman, born in 1829 in Hamilton County. Their eleven children are Amelia P., Edwin E. Fred- erick A., Celeste A., Theresa J., Oua L., Elda W., Adella C, 694 HAMILTON COUNTY. Stephen A., Samuel M. and Eobert E. L. Three are deceased. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company E, Eighty-seventh Illi- nois Volunteer Infantry, and was engaged in the quartermaster's department and ambulance corps. He was wounded at Vicksburg June 29, 1863, and honorably discharged in December, 1863, on account of paralysis from his injuries. He is a substantial man, and owns 171 acres of fine land. He is a member of the Green- back party, casting his first vote for Polk. He belongs to the Primitive Baptist Church. Benjamin F. Douglass. Benjamin F. Douglass, farmer and stock raiser, was born near Broughton in 1841, the third of twelve children of James and Elizabeth (Gregg) Douglass. The father, born in Tennessee in 1811, of Scotch origin, is the son of John Douglass, a sol- dier under Jackson at New Orleans in the war of 1812. John settled in Maury County, Tenn, where he remained until 1825, when he removed to what is now Saline County, 111., and con- tinued farming and stock raising until his death in 1846. With ordinary school advantages, James came with his parents to Illinois, married when twenty-six, and settled near Broughton. He has since made his home in Hamilton County with the excep- tion of a year in Saline County. In 1865 he located on his pres- ent farm near Walpole. He served as associate justice in the county court. The mother, born in Saline County in 1814, died in 1875. Educated in the log schoolhouse, and three terms a teacher, our subject with eight others made a 112-day8' overland journey to Virginia City. After four years he boarded a steamer in the headwaters of the Missouri River, and twenty-one days later he landed at St. Louis. After two years' farming at home he was four years engaged in merchandising at Walpole. He then spent a few months in California, but returned to Hamilton County, Avhere he engaged in merchandising until 1885, since BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 695 which time he has been a farmer, and always succeeded so that he now owns 130 acres of choice improved land. He is a Demo- crat and first voted for Tilden. Since 18B0 he has been a Mason. In 1872 he married Margery, daughter of Anthony W. and Lucinda Gott, a native of Hamilton County. Their six chil- dren are Lawrence (deceased, buried in Oregon), Otta M., John r., Susan E., Amy and James H. Louis Eswine. Louis Eswine, farmer, was born in Hamilton County, April 18, 1844, the fourth of five children (two living) of Albert and Rosena (Karcher) Eswine, natives of Germany, born in 1812 and 1818 respectively, and of that company of Germans who set- tled in Hamilton County in 1842. The mother died on their farm in Section 32, Town 3 south, Range 6 east, about 1848. The father's second wife having died several years previous to 1880, he then left the farm to live with his children. By his second wife he had four children, one dead. Our subject attended the common schools, and began life for himself when twenty- one. He enlisted in Company G, One Hundred and Fifty-fourth Illinois Infantry, at Vandalia. At the war's close, and after eight months' service, he received his honorable discharge and returned home. After two years' railroading he married and set- tled on his present farm of 140 good acres, mostly cleared and improved, which has been of his own earning. His wife, Mary, daughter of Godfrey and Cliristinia (Haller) Rubenaker, was born December 7, 1850, in Hamilton County. September 21, 1869, is the date of their marriage. Their children are Stephen, Ludwig, John, Dora, Joseph, Rosena, Elizabeth, Emma and Charles. Politically, our subject is a Republican, first voting for Grant in 1868. His entire family are members of the Cath- olic Church. He has been trustee of St. John's Church for the past five years, and school director for fourteen years. 696 HAMILTON COUNTY. William B. Flannigan & Co. David O. Flannigan emigrated to near Charlotte, N. C, from Kings County, Ireland, prior to our war for independence. He was the father of ten sons and one daughter. David O., together with seven of his sons, participated in the Kevolutionary war, and was himself seriously wounded by a gun shot at the hands of a Tory. Samuel E. Flannigan, twin brother of David O. Flanni- gan, Jr., intermarried with Nancy Sharp, only daughter of Col. Richard Sharp, an exile from Ireland, immigrated to Illinois in 1818, and settled in Flannigan Precinct, Hamilton County. The precinct, now township, is named Flannigan in his honor. James W. Flannigan, his eldest son, intermarried with Sarah Cantrell, to Mdiom was born Jane, who intermarried with Capt. M. Fittz; Constance, intermarried with Capt. J. H. Hogan; Sam- uel E., by profession a lawyer; Sarah M., intermarried with Dr. Thomas D. Ray; Richard C, miller and merchant; James W., farmer, and William R., the subject of this sketch. Samuel E., the grandsire, was in the war of 1812, and par- ticipated in the battle of New Orleans. James W. Flannigan, his eldest son, was engaged in the Black Hawk war in 1882, in the Mexican war, and was also a first lieutenant in Company C, Fifty-sixth Illinois, in the war for the suppression of the Rebel- lion. He was appointed by Gov. Yates as enrolling officer for Hamilton County, 111., under the conscription act of 1864. Our subject was born June 1, 1851, and March 30, 1871, married Mary J., daughter of Josephus and Margrett (Minor) Davis, a native of Hamilton County. Their two children are Joseph Wallace and William R., Jr. The subject of our sketch has been engaged in farming, milling and merchandising since his marriage. In 1885 he established his general merchandise busi- ness. Since 1886 he and his brother, R. C, have been engaged in general merchandising and the tobacco trade. From 1882 he served four years as justice of the peace, giving universal satis- BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 697 faction. In 1887 he was elected supervisor. He is a Mason, and he and his wife are members of the Christian Church. Politically, a Republican, having cast his first vote for Grant. Robert C. was born June 7, 1844, in Flannigan Precinct, and June 29, 1863, married Eliza M., daughter of Rev. J. T. F. and Phebe Lewis. Two of their four children are living: John M. and Robert F. May 15, 1871, his wife died, and in September he married Elsuda, daughter of Reese D. and Nancy Roberts, a native of Twigg Precinct. Two of three children by this union are living: Eliza M. and Reese D. In December, 1863, he enlisted as a corporal in Company F, Sixth Illinois Cavalry, and was in a twenty-six days' fight in Alabama, then at Nashville, and back to the Tennessee River in all the engagements of his com- pany. After the war he returned home, resumed farming and stock raising until 1880, when he began milling at Walpole, 111. In 1886 he entered his present business, which has been success- ful. He is a Republican, voting first for Grant. He is Past Wor- shipful Master of the F. & A. M. and Noble Grand of the I. O. O. F. He is also a member of the F. M. B. A. and of the Christian Church. Thomas J. Garrison. Thomas J. Garrison, farmer, was born May 80, 1844, in Hamilton County, one mile from his present home. He is the son of Jefferson and Frances (Drew) Garrison. The father, a farmer, born in 1811 in East Tennessee, came when a boy to Shawneetown where he was reared and married. In a few years he moved to Hamilton County, and located in Section 29, Bea- ver Creek Township, where he passed his life. He laid out the town of Jefferson City on his farm, and built a storehouse and carried on merchandising for many years. He was a successful man and a Christian, and died in 1873. He owned 240 acres of land. His wife, born in 1811 in Coles County, 111., was twice married, her first husband being Abner Ellis. Their one living t)y» HAMILTON COUNTY. child is Caleb. By her second marriage she had five children, our subject being the third, who was educated, besides in sub- scription schools, at Bloomington, 111., and four months at a commercial business college in Chicago. When twenty he taught four terms. October 13, 1866, he married Elsie J. Lane, who was born in McLeansboro, 111. Their children are Eda, Ida, Mary, George, Susan and Walter. In 1872 he located on his present farm of 170 acres of fine land. In 1869 he began ' with a horse-power threshing machine, and for the last three years has been running with steam power, making from $600 to $1,000 per annum. For a year he has also been engaged in saw-milling. He is a Democrat and an influential man. In 1886 he was tax-collector. He is president of Lodge 155, F. M. B. A., and for twelve years has been deacon in the Christian Church, of Avhich his wife and one child are members. Samuel E. Gates. Samuel E. Gates, M. D,, was born on Simms' Creek, Gallia County, Ohio, August 10, 1814, was raised at the same place, and probably received his education at Marietta, Ohio, as it was a cus- tom of his father, Stephen Gates, and his uncle Samuel Gates, of Gallipolis, Ohio, to send the sons of their families there to college. He received the principal part of his medical educa- tion at Washington City, D. C. He came from Jackson County, Ohio, to McLeansboro, Hamilton Co., 111., in the fall of 1851, returned to Jackson County, Ohio, in the fall of 1852, to consum- mate a settlement of his business, and Avas offered, by the promi- nent citizens of his acquaintance, a present of a new two-story residence then building, finished and complete, with grounds, if he would return and continue the practice of medicine. He could not be prevailed upon to have the deed to the property made to him, and returned to McLeansboro, Hamilton Co., 111., where he lived until his death. He achieved marked success in his pro- BIOGKAPHICAL APPENDIX. 699 fession both as a physician and surgeon; stood at the head of his profession at the age of twenty-eight in the State of Ohio, and was considered by the majority of the people, the foremost physician of his time wherever he practised. He was a life-long Democrat. Out of a family of six sons, only he and one brother were Democrats. He and this brother (Hon. Nathaniel H. Gates, of Oregon) were always the warmest friends as well as kinsmen, and corresponded with each other during his lifetime upon all the political issues of the day. This brother was the fourth son of the family, born in Ohio, February 17, 1811, went to Ore- gon when a young man comparatively, and became a noted law- yer and politician, and eminently successful financially. Sam- uel E. Gates, M. D., belonged to no religious denomination. He was a member of the Masonic lodge for many years. He was recommended May 13, 1851, by the Master and Wardens of Unity Lodge, No. 132, of the town of Jackson, Ohio, to the kind offices of all Masons around the globe, this recommendation certi- fying that he had been raised to the sublime degree of Master Mason, and that he had conducted himself as a true and faithful brother during his continuance with them. He was a member of Polk Lodge, No. 137, at McLeansboro, Hamilton Co., 111., until his death. He was at one or more times Master of this Lodge, leading it, and doing a great deal of good. He was buried with all the honors of a Masonic funeral service. He was married, in the State of Ohio, December 24, 1885, to Miss Lucinda A. Napier, who was born in Virginia, April 29, 1817. Six children were raised — one son and five daughters : Erastus Monticello, the son; NahwistaA., Josephine Romain, Irena A., Genevieve May and Emma Virginia, the daughters. Josephine died at the age of fifteen. The son and the four remaining daughters are still surviving, three of the daughters being mar- ried: Nahwista A., to Charles H. Heard, Sr.,wlio was born in 700 HAMILTON COUNTY. Rutherford County, Tenn, ; Irena A., to C. W. Pape, born in Goet- tingen, Germany, and Emma Virginia, to Silas A. Whittey, born in Saline County, 111. Samuel E. Gates, M. D., died at McLeans- boro. 111., Novembers, 1866. He .was an affectionate husband, a devoted, indulgent father, made friends wherever he went, was kind, sociable, clever, esteemed and loved by his friends, and especially by his patients, who would come to his home some time after his death, and talk of him and shed tears over their loss. He was the fifth son of Stephen Gates, who was born in 1774, and married, in the State of Maine, May 14, 1798, to Miss Jerusha Perry, of the same State, whose ancestors were titled English families. She was born February 1, 1777. K M. GowDY. R. M. Gowdy, farmer, was born in 1845 in White County, 111., one of ten children of T. C. and Sarah (Grimes) Gowdy. The father, a farmer, was born on February 27, 1803, in Sumner County, Tenn. After 1820 he lived in White County, 111. He died in 1878. The mother was born in Kentucky in 1817. When a child she came to White County, and is now living in Hamilton County with her son, James. Educated in White County, our sub- ject in 1867 married Sarah, daughter of W. M. and Eliza Fields, born in White County in 1849. She died July 19, 1875. Their two children are Eliza M. and Harriett A. In 1876 he married Permelia A., daughter of O. T. and Jane Anderson, born in White County in 1854. Their five children are William, George, Elvis, Infant and Henry. In 1880 he moved to Hamilton County and bought his present fine farm of 126 acres, on which he gives much attention to the breeding of fine horses. He is a stanch Democrat, casting his first vote for Seymour. He is a Mason, and he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. biographical appendix. 701 Hon. Louis Jasper Hale. Hon. Louis Jasper Hale, attorney and farmer, was born in Sparta, Tenn., November 25, 1839, the son of Peter and Sarah (Manning) Hale. Peter was of English stock and born in Vir- ginia in 1809. His father, Thomas, also a native of Virginia, was a soldier under Gen. Marion during the entire Revolution. Peter went to White County, Tenn., in 1837, and at once married. In 1851 he came to Hamilton County, located northwest of the county seat, and died in 1882. The mother, of like stock and nativ- ity, born in 1818, died in 1883. Our subject, the eldest of nine children who lived to maturity, was about twelve years old when he came to this county, and was educated in the public schools. He left the home farm when of age, and March 3, 1861, married Sophia, daughter of John Hayse. She was born in Hamilton County June 15, 1815. Their children are Florence (wife of Thomas Browning), Alice, Laura, Rosa and Bessie. After mar- riage he began farming near the old home place, and in 1870 began studying law under Judge T. B. Stelle. In 1871-72 he attended a course of lectures at Chicago University, and in the spring of 1872 began practice at McLeansboro. He was elected State's attorney in the fall and served four years, and at about the same time began a partnership with Hon. L. Walker, present incumbent of that office, with the present firm name of Walker & Hale. The firm receives a good practice and are able men. Mr. Hale owns 135 acres, 55 being the old homestead. He has about 1,000 apple and other fruit trees of which he makes a spe- cialty. He is a Democrat, an Odd Fellow and a member of the Christian Church, while his wife is a Baptist. WiLFORD F. Hall, M. D. Wilford F. Hall, M. D., was born in Hamilton County, March 31, 1851, the son of Col. Hiram W. Hall. He was educated at Asbury University, Greencastle, Ind., and began reading 702 HAMILTON COUNTY. medicine in 1872. In 1874 he graduated from the Chicago Medical College, and has since been at McLeansboro in his deservedly successful practice. In the spring of 1883 he took his brother, W. W. Hall, M. D., into partnership. December 29, 1885, he married Sophronia R. Cole, who is a graduate of Champaign University and a native of McLeansboro. Jen- nie L. is their only child. He is a Republican and a Mason. He is secretary of Hamilton County Medical Society. William W. Hall, M. D., was born August 30, 1861, in Franklin County, III., and educated at Hamilton College, McLeansboro. He began reading medicine in 1879, and in 1883 graduated from Rush Medical College, Chicago. He is a Republican, a Mason, and a member of the city board of health. He is a young physician of promise, and an enterprising citizen. Hon. H. W. Hall. Hon. H. W. Hall, farmer and trader, was born in 1825 in Ham- ilton County, one of seven children of John and Nancy (Sherley) Hall. The father, born in 1799 in Union County, Ky., came to Hamilton County about 1818, one of the earliest settlers and very arge land owners. He died in Union County, 111., in 1882. The mother, born about 1808 in Barren County, Ky., died in Hamil- ton County, 111., in 1872. Our subject left home in June, 1846, and enlisted in Company I, Third Illinois Volunteer Infantry ; was soon appointed sergeant and served in some of the most important bat- tles of the Mexican war. He was honorably discharged in June, 1847, when he located on his present home — then 160 acres — by a Mexican land warrant. He now has a fine home of 600 acres six miles southwest of the county seat. In 1848 he married Julia A., the daughter of James A. and Lydia McLean, born in 1831 in Franklin County, 111. Their nine children are John C, Wil- ford F., Columbus M., Cassander, Margaret, Patrick, William, Andy and Lydia. In July, 1861, he enlisted and was commis- BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 703 sioned captain of Company A, Fortieth Illinois Volunteer Infan- try; June 13, 1863, appointed major of his regiment ; June 27, 1864, promoted to lieutenant-colonel, and was in command of the regiment his appointment as major until the war's close. He was actively engaged at Shiloh, Vicksburg, Jackson, Chattanooga, Mission Ridge and through the Atlanta campaign, before which latter city he was wounded by a ball through the arm. He was honorably discharged in July, 1865. He was appointed commis- sioner by the govenor of the State for building the insane asy- lum at Anna, 111, In 1874 he was elected to the State Legisla- ture, serving one term. He is a Republican, and first voted for Lewis Cass. He and his wife are members of the Missionary Baptist Church. C. M. Hall. C. M. Hall, farmer, was born October 14, 1852, in Hamilton County, the third of nine children of Col. H. W. and Julia (McLean) Hall, the former Scotch-Irish in origin, born in Hamilton County, in 1827, and the latter of the same descent, born in Franklin County. In 1848 they were married in Frank- lin County,and settled in Knight's Prairie Precinct, now Flannigan Township, where they have since resided. The father served in the Mexican and civil wars, in the latter of which he was tAvice wounded. Our subject was educated at Ewing College, Asbury University, Ind., and graduated from the commercial depart- ment of Hamilton College, When seventeen he began teaching, and continued five winters successfully. He also engaged in trading, and when twenty-nine left home and married, settling on his farm in Knight's Prairie, where he remained until 1884. He then exchanged a portion of his farm for one in Sections 18 and 19, where he settled. His wife, Mary, daughter of J. William D. Huntinger, was born about 1861 in Jefferson County, 111. Their children are Arthur, Fred and John. Although having received some help our subject has accumulated much by his own ability. 704 HAMILTON COUNTY. and now owns about 450 acres of good land. He is now situated on a finely cultivated farm of 237 acres. He is a Republican and first voted for Grant in 1872. He is a member of the F. & A. M., Polk Lodge, No. 137, and his wife is a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church.' David Hamill. David Hamill, general merchant, was born in County London- derry, Ireland, February 1, 1836, the son of William and Eliza- beth (Crawford) Hamill, natives of Ireland, and born about 1800. They died in 1875 and 1847 respectively. The father, a farmer, came to Philadelphia about 1848 and in 1855 came to St. Clair County, 111., and resumed farming. In 1863 he returned to Philadelphia where he died. His wife died in Ireland. Five of their eight children are living. Our subject was eleven years old when he came to America, and was educated chiefly in the public schools of Pennsylvania. When seventeen he was appren- ticed at Morocco finishing, but two years later, on account of deli- cate health, was compelled to give it up for out-door life. In 1857 he came to St. Clair County, and taught one term. Novem- ber 15, 1859, he married Sarah A., daughter of Isaac Phillips, born in St. Clair County, in 1840. Their children are Clara A. (wife of C. L. York), Mattie L., Mamie E. and Samuel T. In 1865 he bought 240 acres near McLeansboro. Since 1871 he has been in his present business at Thackeray — its first merchant and postmaster. From 1872 to the present time he was railway agent at Thackeray, and resigned June 13, 1885, rather than attend to railroad business on Sunday. He is a good business man, and carries a well-selected stock of goods. Politically he is a Democrat, first voting for Douglas. After ten years as director he was in 1886 elected school trustee. He is a Mason, of Polk Lodge, McLeansboro. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he has been Sunday-school superintendent for the past eight years. biogeaphical appendix. 705 William Hamill, William Hamill, attorney at law, of McLeansboro, was born in County Londonderry, North of Ireland, June 7, 1842, the son of William, Sr., and Elizabeth (Crawford) Hamill, natives of the same county where the mother died. When our subject was a child they came to Philadelphia, where he secured a fair educa- tion in the common branches. In 1857 he came West, with a married sister, and entered McKendree College, St. Clair County, 111. A few months before graduation he enlisted in Company E, One Hundred and Seventeenth Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and served three years as private, now a commissioned officer, and was seriously wounded in the right arm, on Sherman's raid to Meridian, Miss., in 1864. While wounded, he remained at Jackson three months a prisoner of war. While in college he studied law under ex-Gov. French, who had charge of that depart- ment, and since the war has practiced continuously ever since, and with success. November 17, 1870, he married Maria E. Randall, a native of Missouri. He has always been a Democrat, though no political aspirant. Besides his profession he owns and manages several good farms at present. He is an Odd Fellow, and is rec- ognized as one of the able members of the Hamilton County bar, and a citizen of high standing. Daniel Hanagan. Daniel Hanagan, farmer, was born in Queens County, Ire- land, in 1815, the son of Hugh and Margaret (Duley) Hanagan. The father, born in 1770, in Ireland, a farmer by .occupation, passed his entire life in his native country, and the mother, born in 1780, in Ireland, had twelve childre-n, five of whom came to America, Daniel being the fest one. He lived and was educated in his native county. When about twenty-one left his home, and in 1830 came directly to Middleton, Conn., where he worked in the stone quarries. September 1, 1842, he married Margaret 706 HAMILTON COUNTY. Miller, who was born in Queens County, Ireland in 1825. Seven of their eleven children are living: Michael C, William. Lizzie D., Daniel F., Patrick H., Mary A. and Thomas. He immedi- ately bought eighty acres of his present farm in Crook Township, and although beginning as a poor man he has acquired about 1,200 acres of land, making him the largest land owner in his township and one of the largest in the county. He has given so much to his children, however, that he now owns 320 acres, 160 being in White County. He is one of the old and most esteemed citizens of the region. He is a Democrat, casting his first vote for Polk, and is a member of the Catholic Church. Prof. James J. Hassett. Prof. James J. Hassett, principal of the select school at Thackeray, was born in 1862 in Henderson County, Ky., the son of James and Frances (Church) Hassett. The father was born in 1812, in Ireland, and was a farmer who, in 1840, left his native country and settled in Union County, Ky., where he lived at the time of his marriage. Twenty years after he settled in Hender- son County, Ky., and in 1875 came to Hamilton County where he died five years later. The mother, born of English stock, in 1835, in Henderson County, Ky., died in 1871. Three of their eight children are living: Mary (widow of John Fenan), Maggie (wife of John Griffin) and our subject. James J. received his education at McLeansboro and at Ewing College, and since his seventeenth year he has been teaching continuously in winter seasons and during two summers, always in Hamilton County. In 1884-85 he was principal of the Dahlgren schools, and in 1886 of the Thackeray school. In March, 1887, he and Prof. D. J. Underwood opened a select school in Thackeray for a term of twelve weeks, and have met with marked success, averaging fifty pupils, eleven being experienced teachers, and most of whom are preparing to teach. Prof. Hassett is one of the leading educators BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 707 of the county. He is a Democrat, and first voted for Cleveland. He is a Roman Catholic. Newton C. Henderson. Newton C. Henderson, farmer, was born in Monroe County, Tenn., in 1837, the eighth of fourteen children of Robert N. and Winnie (Eudaley) Henderson. The father, born in Jefferson County, Tenn., in 1796, and of Irish origin, was the son of An- drew Henderson, and was married when twenty-eight. Soon after he settled in Monroe County, where he remained until 1864, when he died at Chattanooga while eii I'oute for Hlinois. He was buried at Nashville. He was a farmer. The mother, born in Virginia in 1806, is still living, and both were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. With a country school education, our subject came to Hamilton County in 1862, and on January 9, 1867, married Mary, daughter of James and Mary A. Carey, born in Kentucky. She died, March 24, 1884. Six of their seven children are living: Lillie B., AndreAv H., Nellie W., Sumner W., Isa C. and Winnie A. July 9, 1884, he mar- ried Julia, daughter of John and Hannah Duval, and a native of Hamilton County. Their only child is Newton C. His pres- ent farm of 160 acres of finely improved land is the result of his own good management, from a beginning of nothing. Polit- ically he is a Republican, casting his first vote for Bell. For twenty years he has been a Mason, and is a member of the F. M. B. A. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episco- pal Church, and he is a man of ability and information. Hiram Hinklf. Hiram Hinkle, farmer, was born in Butler County, Ohio, in 1836, the son of Joseph and Elizabeth (Debolt) Hinkle. The father, of German stock, was born in Pennsylvania in 1788, and in youth went to Butler County, Ohio, there married and 708 HAMILTON COUNTY. lived, one of the pioneers of that county, and died in 1883. He owned 160 acres of land. The mother, born in Butler County, Ohio, died in 1858. Twelve of seventeen children are living. Our subject, the youngest, was educated in the public schools, and left home after he was of age. In 1857 he married Ellen Green, a native of England, born in 1839. Their children are Charles, Sarah J., Joseph, Albert and William. He moved to Eandolph County, Ind., the next year, and bought his farm of eighty acres. He lived there thirteen years, and in 1876 sold and came to Hamilton County, 111., and bought 260 acres, where he settled and has since resided. His wife died in 1872, and the following year he married Sarah J. Hampton, born in North Carolina in 1854. Their children are Laura, Clara, Lizzie, Lillie, Edward and Amanda. He has a good farm, ornamented with good buildings. He is a Eepublican, and first voted for Lincoln. He is a Methodist, as is his wife also. ' John T. Hunt, M. D. John T. Hunt, M. D., was born in 1844 in Hamilton County, 111., and received his literary education principally at Benton. He has done for himself since thirteen, first as merchant's clerk until within about a year of the late war. In August, 1861, he enlisted in Company A, Fortieth Illinois Infantry, and was hon- orably discharged at Atlanta in September, 1864. He served as private and quartermaster's sergeant, and Avas at Shiloh, Vicks- burg and Mission Kidge, where he was wounded by a pistol ball in the wrist, and with Sherman to Atlanta. Immediately after his discharge he returned to Hamilton County, where he farmed for seven years, and then attended a session of the medical col- lege at Keokuk, Iowa. He then returned to Macedonia and began practice, and in 1877 began another course of lectures, graduated and again began practice. In 1880 he bought a farm of 180 acres in Knight's Prairie, Hamilton County, which is BIOGEAPHICAL APPENDIX. 709 finely improved and cultivated. Since 1881, when he established his drug store, he has superintended his farm, run his store and practiced. In 1865 he married Sarah E., daughter of William and Nancy (Oglesby) Flannigan. Their children are Telitha, wife of T. J. Eogers; Julia, wife of James Shirley; Emma and Martha A. (deceased in infancy). His wife died in 1872. He next married Martha, daughter of Joshua and Sarah (Town- send) Morris. Their children are Casander (deceased). Flora, Lillie, Edgar E. and Goldie. This wife was born in February, 1848, in Hamilton County. From a penniless boy of thirteen our subject has become a leading physician, and owner of one of the best farms in Hamilton County, a house and lot in Macedonia and a good stock of goods. Since 1882 he has been postmaster, and is one of the "rascals" not yet "turned out." He fought for abolition, and is now a stanch Repul^lican, first voting for Lin- coln. Our subject is a member of Macedonia Lodge, I. O. O. F., and of the G. A. R. He, his wife, Telitha, and Julia are mem- bers of the Missionary Baptist Church, while Emma and Flora are Methodists. John E. Irvin. John E. Irvin, of McLeansboro, 111., was born in Galatia, Saline Co., 111., January 8, 1857, the son of Oscar F. and Sarah (Kittinger) Irvin, natives respectively of New York and Ken- tucky. The father came to Illinois at an early day when a young man, and followed mercantile pursuits until his death in April, 1860. Our subject was reared and educated in his native place, and learned the printers' trade at Harrisburg, 111., working on the CJu-onicle three years. After working at his trade in Carmi, 111., in 1876 he came to McLeansboro and was foreman of the Times until 1882, when he, in company with Dr. C. M. Lyon, established the Leader, to whose success Mr. Irvin has largely contributed, by his careful management and experience of twenty years. October 8, 1879, he married Eachel L. Frazier, of Ham- 710 HAMILTON COUNTY. ilton County. Their four children are Roy (deceased), Lena Pearl, John B. and Addie D. Mr. Irvin is a stanch Republican in political matters, is a Knight of Pythias, and is justly recog- nized as one of the enterprising and reliable citizens of the county, and a newspaper man of experience and ability. W. B. Johnson. W. B. Johnson, farmer and stock dealer, was born in Flanni- gan Township in 1843, the fifth of fourteen children of George W. and Eliza J. (Waller) Johnson. The father, English in ancestry and born in Kentucky in 1814, was the son of Robert Johnson, who became a pioneer of Hamilton County about 1821. George W. was but seven years old when they came to Hamilton County, where he was educated in the common schools, and when twenty -three married and settled in Flannigan Township, where he spent his life, with the exception of about three years during the war, in Perry County. He was a leading farmer and stock dealer, ran a general store for many years, and died in 1879. His wife, born in 1820 in Illinois, died in 1881. Both were mem- bers of the Regular Baptist Church. Our subject was educated in the common schools, and in 1863 married Mary, daughter of Charles and Elnora Hungate, a native of Hamilton County, born in 1842. Six of their eight children are living: Amos, Arzona E., Eliza O., Cona A., William E. and George W. He has since been a resident of the vicinity of his birth and of his present finely improved farm of 240 acres, for five years, and secured it by his own ability and work. He served several years as constable, and is at present township treasurer. His first vote was for McClellan, and he has always been a Democrat. His wife was a member of the Missionary Baptist Church. Capt. Charles A. Johnson. Capt. Charles A. Johnson, a prominent farmer and stock raiser, was born in Flannigan Township in 1829, the tenth of BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 711 twelve children of Robert and Elizabeth (Lewis) Johnson. The father, English in origin, born in 1792, was the son of John Johnson, who removed to Kentucky and then to Hamilton County, where he died. Robert was married in Kentucky, and in about 1819 settled some ten miles southwest of McLeansboro, and through life was well known and esteemed in his county. He died March 20, 1872, and his mother, born in 1793 in Christian County, Ky., died September 21, 1865. They were married in 1811, and both were members of the Regular Baptist Church. Educated in the county schools, our subject in 1849 married Nancy C, daughter of John and Nancy Irby, born in Ten- nessee in 1832. Their seven children are John W. ; Martha J., wife of Robert T. Hungate; Mary L., wife of G. Sneed, of Kan- sas; Ruth E,, wife of E. Herrelson; Nancy E., wife of J. L. Sneed ; Elizabeth and Laura, now Mrs. Lee. Since his marriage our subject has lived on his present farm, and transformed and increased the original tract of Government land to about 800 acres, making him one of the most extensive land holders in the county. He has one of the finest orchards in the county, of about thirty acres. In July, 1861, he enlisted in Company A, Eortieth Illinois Volunteers, as second sergeant, and became successively second lieutenant, first lieutenant and captain, which command he held until the war closed. His command was in the Army of the Tennessee at Shiloh, Mission Ridge, where he was shot through both thighs and disabled for a time; all through Georgia with Sherman, on to Washington, where in the review he had command of a division. He was with his regiment during the entire service, except while disabled from his wound. In July, 1865, after four years' service, he was mustered out at Louisville, and resumed farming. He is a progressive man, and has given two of his children a college education and all a good one. He was a Democrat, and first voted for Pierce, but since the war has been a Republican. He is a member of the F. & 712 HAMILTON COUNTY. A. M., the R M. B. A. and the G. A. R. His wife and four chil- dren are members of the United Baptist Church, John W. Johnson. John W. Johnson, farmer, born in Hamilton County in 1850, is the eldest son of Capt. Charles A. and Nancy C.(Irby) Johnson. The father, born in Hamilton County in 1829, and the son of Robt. Johnson, a native of North Carolina who went to Kentucky where he married and became an early pioneer of Franklin County, Ky., but was driven back by the Indians. In a few years, however, he went to Hamilton County, where he spent his life as a farmer. (See the biography of Charles A. Johnson, the father, elswhere.) Our subject was reared at home with a good common-school education. In November, 1871, he married Nancy L., daughter of Benjamin W. and Sidney Harrelson, born in Janu- ary, 1854, in Franklin County. Their seven children are Charles W., Benjamin W., Robert E., John Arthur, Lor ana J., Laura A. and Nancy E. From 1875 to 1882 he was in Kansas, but has since lived on his present farm of 161 acres of finely improved land seven miles southeast of McLeansboro. He is becoming one of the first farmers of the county. Politically he is a Republican, first voting for Grant. He is a member of the F. M. B. A. John Judd. John Judd, county clerk of Hamilton County, 111., born in Burlington, Ohio, September 3, 1839, is the son of Chester and Mary (Burch) Judd, natives respectively of New York and Ohio. The father came to Illinois in 1854 locating on Moore's Prairie in the western part of the county, where he now resides with his wife. (See sketch.) Our subject was educated at McKendree College, Lebanon, 111., and Jones' Commercial College, of St. Loiiis. For two years he followed teaching, and from seventeen to twenty-six he was wool-carder in his father's BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 713 mill, except while at and teaching school. His father estab- lished the first steam flouring-mill in the county. Confinement not agreeing with our subject, he settled on the farm, and in 1867 was elected county surveyor, an office which he filled for seventeen consecutive years. In 1886 he was elected county clerk, and is now filling the office in an efficient manner. September 25, 1862, he married Lucy S. Bennett of Athens County, Ohio. Their four children are Burch J., Chester C, Lydia B. and Giles G. His party, the Democratic, elected him to his various offices, notwith- standing they were at times in the minority. He is a Master Mason, and justly recognized as a reliable citizen and popular official. Lieut. Henry A. W. Kipp. Lieut. Henry A. W. Kipp, farmer, was born in Prussia, December 8, 1813, the second of seven children of Herman H. and Christina E. (Stockdick) Kipp, natives of the same country, and born in 1816 and 1818 respectively. The grandfather, William Kipp, and all the ancestors were probably of the same nationality. The father received a good business education and married about 1839. In 1845 he came through Baltimore to Dresden, Ohio, where he engaged for seven years in buying stock, but afterward farmed, living there, with the exception of three years in Licking County, Ohio, until his death in Hamil- ton County, August 29, 1883, while on a visit to his son. The mother died near Frazeysburg, Ohio, May 17, 1876. Both were for over thirty years devout members of the Methodist Church. Besides his education at Dresden, our subject took a course of three months at Zanesville, Ohio, Commercial College. At eight- een he enlisted in Company G, Forty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was in the battles of Dutten Hill, Ky., in pursuit of Morgan through Indiana and Ohio, the siege, of Knoxville, London, and numerous minor engagements, mostly in Tennessee and Kentucky. He remained in his command until made sec- 714 HAMILTON COUNTY. ond lieutenant of a colored company of heavy artillery. After eleven months he was made first lieutenant, and so continued until his discharge March 31, 1866. After a tour through the West, he returned home and took a three months' course at the Zanesville Commercial College, and next year was a bookkeeper for a firm in Cincinnati. In November, 1868, he married Melissa J., daughter of Charles and Anna Morrow, and born in 1845, in Muskingum County, Ohio. Their seven children are Anna, Elizebeth, Louisa, Milton A., Henrietta M., Frederick W. and Clarence N. He sold the farm he had settled on in Mus- kingum County, and in 1881 came to Hamilton County, where he has since lived on his present fine farm of 190 acres, two miles south of McLeansboro. He has also about 110 acres about eight miles northeast of McLeansboro, all of which is the result of his business ability. Politically he was reared a Dem- ocrat, but has been a Republican since the beginning of the war, voting first for Lincoln. He is a prominent and active member of the G. A. R. and the F. M. B. A. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Johnson H. Lane. Johnson H. Lane, superintendent of schools of Hamilton County, 111., is a native of the county, born December IB, 1858. He is the son of John W. and Theresa (Mitchell) Lane, both natives of the county. The grandfather, Lewis Lane, a native of North Carolina, came to Illinois in the fall of 1818, and located four miles east of McLeansboro, then White County. He was a soldier in the war of 1812 and a lieutenant in the Black Hawk war. He was the first sheriff of the county, and a promi- nent officer of early militia companies of the State. He was a true Jackson Democrat, and a Methodist in religion. He died in 1876. He married Mary Prince, who died, leaving three chil- dren: Joel P., our subject's father, both deceased and Eliza, BIOGKAPHICAL APPENDIX. 715 wife of Lewis Pi'ince, of this county. He afterward married Jane Myers. Their two daughters Sarah and Bettie married and went to Arkansas. John W. was a farmer until his death. He was a Democrat, a Methodist and a Mason. He died in July, 1865. He first married Eliza Shirley and had seven children: Mary, wife of Joseph Wright ; Martha, wife of James Mangis, of east Tennessee; George W., of this county, and Moses S., of Posey County, Ind., are the four now living. By his second marriage with our subject's mother, there were five children, four of whom are living: John W., Jr., of Missouri; Alice E., wife of A. L. Baker, of Fulton County; our subject and James M., of Knox County, 111. Stephen D. is the one deceased. Our subject's grandfather, Ichabod Mitchell, a native of Virginia, came here about 1820. He was a well-known pioneer, a justice, and a member of the county court for several years. He was a Democrat, and a Bap- tist in religion. He died in 1874, in his eighty-sixth year. Our subject was reared to manhood on the farm, and besides a good preliminary education, he attended Hamilton College, McLeans- boro. He began teaching in 1876 and continued ten years. He was principal of the McLeansboro schools from 1883 to 1886, when he was elected to his present position, which he has efl&ciently filled. He is an unswerving Democrat and as such was elected to this office. In 1879 he began reading law, and was admitted to practice in 1881. The same year he entered the senior year in the law school of Washington University and graduated in 1882. He has practiced somewhat irregularly ever since, first as partner of Judge Stelle and now of I. H. Webb. May 13, 1885, he married Carrie Harvey, of this county. He is a Knight of Pythias, and a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. James Lane. James Lane, of McLeansboro, 111., was born in Sumner County, Tenn., June 28, 1814, the son of James and Mary Phipps Lane, 716 HAMILTON COUNTY. both natives of Craven County, N. C, The father came to Illinois in the fall of 1818, located with his family three miles east of McLeansboro, and followed farming the remainder of his life. He was an early member of the county court, and a Jackson Democrat. He died, while on a visit in Peoria County, in the spring of 1846. Six sons and four daughters were reared to maturity, but two of whom are now living: our subject and Lemuel B., of Marysville, Mo. Our subject was reared to man- hood in the county, securing a good education in the common branches in school, and much more by desultory reading and study. He studied law under John McElvain, but was not licensed to practice until 1863. He was a captain and lieutenant- colonel in the milita, and was elected justice in 1852, an office which he has held almost continuously ever since. In 1847 he was elected coroner serving two years. In 1857 he was elected county judge, serving one term of four years, and again re-elected in 1865 and 1869. In 1865 he was appointed United States commissioner by Judge Treat, and still acts in this capacity. He has also practiced law considerably since the war. March 2, 1837, he married Frances Crissell, a native of Hamilton County, who died in March, 1861. The following children are living: Minerva J. (wife of Henry Green), Andrew J., Elsie F. (wife of Thomas Garrison), Eliza E. (wife of D. W- Holland, all of this county, and John W., of Wayne County, 111. In March, 1863, he married Eity M. Jordan, of Jefferson County, 111. Their five children are Lucy A. (wife of E. A. Burton), Harriett M., Ida (wife of Thomas J. HoUey), Anna and James. The Judge is a Democrat, first voting for Van Buren. He is a deacon in the Baptist Church and has been since 1852. He is a Mason and encampment member of the I. O. O. F. John K. Lee. John R. Lee, a prominent farmer and pioneer, was born in Tennessee in 1830, the son of Rev. Robert and Rebecca (Mitch- BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 717 ell) Lee. The father, English in ancestry and born in North Carolina in 1803, died in 1850. His father, John, also a native of North Carolina, was a volunteer at New Orleans under Jackson in the war of 1812, and when Eobert was a boy moved to Eutherford County, Tenn., then to Alabama, back to Ten- nessee and to Illinois, about 1832, locating in Shelby County, afterward in White County, where he died. Eobert was married when about twenty-five in Tennessee, and about 1835 moved to White County, and some time after to Hamilton County, where he spent the rest of his life. He was a farmer and mechanic, and while a resident of Tennessee, was licensed to preach. His removal to Hlinois, and the division in the church, led him to join the General Baptist Church, by which he was ordained to preach the gospel. He organized and built a church on the site of Thackery, which was admitted to the Franklin Association of the Missionary Baptist Church, which more nearly accorded with his belief. His work was in Hamil- ton and White and the adjoining counties in Indiana. The mother was born in Giles County, Tenn., about four years her husband's junior, and died about 1869. She was of Irish ancestry. Our subject's education was very limited. May 20, 1850, he married Elizabeth Sneed. Four of their five chil- dren are living: Eev. Eobert AV., of Franklin County; Elijah, deceased; Cleory J., wife of J. B. Eeed; James M. and Perry S. His wife died September 3, 1860, and in March, 1861, he married Mrs. Martha A. Plaster, daughter of John and Nancy Irby. Their six children are Nancy E. (wife of A. D. Phillips), Louisa A., Ada C. wife of E. T. Dixon, of Posey County, Ind.), Ember- son M., Minnie E. and Lillie B. He soon located on his present farm, which he has improved and added to until he now has a fine farm of about 200 acres. He has always been an- active and esteemed man, formerly a Democrat and first voting for Pierce, 718 HAMILTON COUNTY. now a Greenbacker. He is an Odd Fellow, and nearly all his family are members of the Missionary Baptist Cliurch. Dr. Charles M. Lyon. Dr. Charles M. Lyon, a physician, of McLeansboro, and the owner and one of the editors of The Leader, was born at Cuya- hoga Falls, Summit Co., Ohio, October 8, 1843. He came to Ill- inois in 1859, and in August, 1861, enlisted as a private in Com- pany I, Forty-fourth Illinois Volunteer Infantry. He was pro- moted captain, and mustered out October 20, 1865. He was a member of the Thirty-first General Assembly of Illinois, and in December, 1881, was appointed postmaster at McLeansboro. He was reappointed by President Arthur in December, 1883, and removed by President Cleveland in August, 1885, for being an "offensive partisan. " He has been a resident of McLeansboro for twenty years. Will McConnell. Will McConnell, of McLeansboro, was born in Pittsburg, Penn., March 8, 1860, the son of Eobert and Jane (Hamill) McConnell, both natives of Ireland. Our subject lived with his parents in Pittsburgh, and later in Philadelphia, Penn. In 1876 he came to McLeansboro and attended Hamilton College, where he completed his education, residing with his uncle, William Hamill, the attorney. He followed clerking one year, and also taught school at Thackery one term, and in 1883 engaged in the book and stationery business in company with Theodore Puckett. In 1885 Mr. Connell withdrew from this business and engaged in the grain and seed business. In March, 1887 he leased the People's Grist Mill, of McLeansboro, which he is now conduct- ing in a most successful manner. October 14, 1885, he married Angie, daughter of R. C. Atkinson, of this county. Their only son is Robert R. Mr. McConnell is a Democrat in politics, was city clerk in 1884, and for three years has been city treas- BIOGKAPHICAL APPENDIX. 719 nrer. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and esteemed and respected people. George W. Mangis. George W. Mangis, farmer, was born in Monroe County, Tenn., in 1830, the son of Henry and Susannah (Wagoner) Mangis. The father, of German descent, was born in 1799, in Virginia, was the son of John Mangis, one of the thousand Hes- sians captured by Washington at Trenton. He was never exchanged, and afterward settled on the farm now owned by his son and daughter, Andrew J. and Martha. He became owner of 200 acres before his death in 1883. The mother, born in Vir- ginia, about 1809, died in 1882. Henry married twice and of his seventeen children sixteen lived to be grown and fourteen are now living, the oldest sixty-eight and the youngest thirty-six. Our subject, the twelfth child, was educated in Tennessee, and lived with his parents until twenty-three. Two years after their arrival in Illinois he returned to his native State and in 1853 married Elizabeth L. Miller, born in Monroe County, Tenn., in 1834. He then settled in McLeansboro Town- ship for four years and then, after ten years in Beaver Creek Township, in 1858, bought his present farm (then eighty acres) in Crook Township. Beginning as a poor man he has now become owner, by his business ability and care, of 550 acres. He also has his home place of 180 acres well improved. For three years he ran a threshing machine. Politically he is a Democrat, first voting for Fillmore. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. He and his wife are members of the Missionary Baptist Church, and are esteemed people of their community. Hon. Samuel S. Marshall. Hon. Samuel S. Marshall, of McLeansboro, 111., was born March 12, 1821, near Shawneetown, Gallatin Co., 111. He 720 HAMILTON COUNTY. is the son of Daniel and Sophia (Walker) Marshall, both natives of the North of Ireland, where they were married. They were both of that Scotch-Irish stock which has furnished so many sturdy patriots and able men to the American Nation. They came to the United States in 1818 locating in Gallatin County, to which county two of Daniel Marshall's brothers: John and Samuel had already come; the former a well known and suc- cessful banker and business man of Shawneetown. Daniel Mar- shall came to Hamilton County about 1825, locating at McLeans- boro and engaging in mercantile pursuits which he successfully followed for about thirty years. Politically he was originally a Jackson Democrat, but in the Harrison campaign became a Whig, with which party he acted until it ceased to exist. He was county clerk of Hamilton County for four years. During the late civil war he was an ardent advocate of the Union cause, and died shortly after its close. Both himself and wife were members of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. Daniel and Mrs. Marshall had three sons and four daughters who grew to mature age, those now living being John W., Samuel S. and Mrs. Elizabeth Millard. Daniel Marshall was married the second time to Miss Sarah Holmes, by whom he had one daughter, Edith M., now the wife of C. M. Wiseman, of Mc- Leansboro. The subject of this sketch, was reared to manhood in Hamilton County. He spent two years at Cumberland Col- lege, Princeton, Ky., now Cumberland University, Lebanon, Tenn., but his advancement in knowledge was due more to assiduous private study than to educational facilities. He began reading law in 1842 with Judge Henry Eddy, of Shawneetown, his cousin by marriage, and having been licensed by the supreme court to practice in all the courts of the State, he opened an office in McLeansboro, and immediately achieved deserved success at the bar. In 1846 he was elected to the Lower House of the Gen- eral Assembly, and though its youngest member took an active BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 721 and conspicuous part in all its proceedings and deliberations. In March, 1847, he was unanimously elected by the Legislature State's attorney for the Third Judicial District, comprising the counties of Marion, Jefferson, Hamilton, Williamson, Jackson, Union, Alexander, Pulaski, Massac, Pope, Hardin, Gallatin and Saline. In one of these counties, Massac, the people were in open and organized resistance to the enforcement of the laws, and in another. Pope, there was considerable trouble, but affairs were not in so deplorable a state. In Massac County, bands of regula- tors had been organized, originally for the purpose of driving out a set of thieves, but at length bad men joined the regulators and eventually secured control; hence many good men refused to unite with them and the people were almost equally divided into two parties, "Regulators" and " Flatheads," between which there was little to choose. But the result was that society was without protection through the general suspension of the laws, for juries could not be found within the limits of the county to render ver- dicts against either their friends or their enemies. To meet this condition of things the Legislature passed a special act in ses- sion of 1847, by which the entire Third Judicial Circuit was made one trial district, and parties arrested in Massac County, could, under this special act be taken to any other county within the trial district for trial, where juries would not be influenced by either friendship or fear, and thus with a fearless prosecutor and impartial juries, determined to protect the people and vindicate the supremacy of the law, the troubles ceased and society resumed its wonted peace. After serving two years as State's attorney, Mr. Marsliall declined a re-election, and resumed the practice of law. In March, 1851, he was elected over the late C. H. Constable, of Mount Car- mel. 111., judge of the Seventh Judicial Circuit, then newly created, and composed of the counties of Marion, Jefferson, Ham- ilton, Franklin, Saline, Gallatin, White, Wabash, Edwards and 722 HAMILTON COUNTY. Wayne. This office he resigned in the fall of 1854 to accept the position of representative in Congress from the Ninth Congres- sional District. He was re-elected in 1856, but in 1858, not being a candidate, he was succeeded by John A. Logan, and he in 1859 resumed the practice of law. In 1861 he was elected judge of the Twelfth Judicial Circuit, serving until 186-4, when he resigned, and was elected a member of the XXXIX Congress. He was re-elected to Congress afterward four times in succession, thus serving consecutively through five terms, from 1865 to 1875, since which time he has not been a candidate. During his service in Congress he served on several of the leading committees of the House: The committee on ways and means, on appropriations, and the judiciary committee. He also took active part in debates on questions of National importance — notably the tariff question — and is regarded as one of the ablest champions of the doctrine of free trade. In 1860 he represented the Democratic party for the State at large in the Charleston convention, which failed to nominate a candidate for the presidency, and also in the Baltimore conven- tion, which nominated Stephen A. Douglas. In 1864 he was a member of the Chicago convention, which nominated George B. McClellan for the presidency, and was a member of the com- mittee on resolutions. In 1866, representing the Democracy for the State at large, he was a member of the consulting con- vention which met at Philadelphia, which had for its object the determination of the proper course of the Democratic party regarding the difficulties then existing between President Andrew Johnson and the Republican party. In 1880 he was a member, representing the Democracy for the State at large, of the Cincin- nati convention, which nominated Gen. Hancock for President, and was chairman of the Illinois delegation in that convention, When Lyman Trumbull was elected by the Illinois Legislature to the United States Senate, Mr. Marshall received the votes of BIOGRArniCAL APPENDIX. 728 all the Democratic members of the Legislature for that position, though not a candidate for the position, absent from the cap- ital, and without any knowledge on his part until after the vote, that his name would be used in that connection as a candidate for the position, and was defeated by only a few votes. "While in Congress he was at one time candidate for speaker of the House. Mr. Marshall was brought up in the Presbyterian faith, but never has affiliated with any sect, though he freely contributes to all. He has accumulated a comfortable competency, owning about 2,000 acres of good farming land in Hamilton County, nearly 1,000 of it lying contiguous to McLeansboro. He also owns considerable city property. John W. Marshall. John "VV. Marshall, postmaster, McLeansboro, was born No- vember 10, 1814 in Ireland, and came to the United States with his parents, at the age of five years. He was reared and edu- cated at Shawneetown, and in 1830 came to McLeansboro, where his father had already engaged in the mercantile business. After three years' clerking with his father he started a gen- eral merchandise business of his own, at which he continued more or less regularly for fifteen or twenty years. In 1818 he was elected county clerk and served four years. In 1856 he was re-elected and served by re-election until 1872. He was justice of the peace and police magistrate several years. Septem- ber 1, 1885, President Cleveland appointed him to his present position. April 25, 1835, he married Mary Lockwood of this county. She died September 25, 1858. Six of ten children are living: Rebecca (wife of A, M. Sturman, of Dahlgren), Daniel, Joseph, Thomas, Rosalie (wife of T. M. Eckley, an attorney, of McLeansboro), and Sophia (wife of R. T. Meador). He is an unswerving Democrat in politics. He is a Mason, having passed all the chairs in local lodges, being master several times. 724 hamilton county. Robert L. Meador. Robert L. Meador was born in Sumner County, Tenn., Janu- ary 18, 1828, the son of Joseph and Lucinda (Latimer) Meador, natives respectively of Virginia and Connecticut. The father came to Gallatin County in 1828, then to Marion County, and finally in 1835 to White County, where he farmed successfully until his death in 1853. The mother died at the residence of Robert L., in McLeansboro, in 1872. Their surviving children (of nine born) are Satyra J., widow of N. J. Bailee, late of White County; our subject; Caroline, wife of P. F. Orr, farmer in White County, and Mary L., wife of John Madden of Kingman, Kas. In 1849 our subject came to McLeansboro and started a tan- yard, which lie%nd a brother (deceased) conducted three years. He then started in the tinware business, learning the tinner's trade, and conducted that three years. Mercantile business next occupied his attention, until in August, 1862, when he enlisted as first lieutenant in Company A, Eigthy-seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry and was mustered out in October, 1864. He was in Banks' raid up Red River, and was wounded. He then resumed merchandising in McLeansboro until 1868 when he became a member of the firm of Hood, Bowers & Co., in the woolen-mill, and in 1877 became sole proprietor, and has successfully conduct- ed it ever since. He has lost three wives by death; by his first marriage, with Ann Wallace, he has one child, Jasper N. ; by his second, with Lucinda Barnett, he has two, Robert G. and Joseph S. ; and by his third, Louisa Hobbs of Mount Vernon, 111., he had no children. They were married in 1872, and she died in 1876. April 15, 1880, he married Mrs. Carrie (Pyle) Page, native of Maryland. Formerly a Democrat, he is now a Prohibitionist, and in 1870 came within nine and one-half votes of the State Legislature. He is a Mason, Odd Fellow, and Royal Templar. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. biographical appendix. 725 Aaron S. McKinzie. Aaron S. McKinzie, farmer, was born January 22, 1820 in Ham- ilton County, two miles from his present home. He is the son of George and Betsy Ann (Vickers) McKinzie. The father, born in 1771 in Canada, and a farmer by occupation, went to Tennes- see when a young man, married, and his wife died leaving one child. He appointed a guardian for the child, gave it $1,000, all he possessed, and came to White County, 111., to clear and build a home. All the settlers in a radius of eight miles were needed to raise a house, and wild animals and Indians infested the wilderness. In 1819, he came to Hamilton County, Maberry Township, and in 1834, sold and established a dairy in Marion County, but his health caused him to soon return and buy prop- erty in the same township, where he died in 1836. He was a pioneer, a man of good sense, a skillful deer hunter, and a good business man. For thirteen years he was justice. His second wife was born in 1783 in Tennessee, and died in 1843. Four of their ten children are living. Our subject, the fourth, was educated in subscription schools, and after the death of his father, had the care of his mother, one brother and three sisters. November 12, 1841, he married Elizabeth Brill, born in White County in 1825. Eleven of their fourteen children are living: William M. ; Clarissa, widow of Henry Beck ; George S. ; Julia, wife of George P. Phelps; Susan A., wife of W. Lasater; Samuel M. ; Clarinda, wife of H. Campbell; Daniel P. ; Amanda E., wife of J. S. Fairweather, Alexander and John H. In 1842 he bought forty acres in Section 36, Maberry Township, his present home, and increased his possession viutil at one time he owned 1,300 acres, the largest land holder in the county, and one of the largest in the country. He divided it among his children so that he owns 290 acres now. He is an old and esteemed citizen, and a Demo- crat, first voting for Polk. He and his wife are members of the 726 HAMILTON COUNTY. Cumberland Presbyterian Church, he being a member for thirty- two years. William McGehee. William McGehee, farmer, was born March 30, 1831, in Gibson County, Ind., the son of Benjamin and Mary (Owens) McGehee. The father of Scotch-Irish descent, and born in Tennessee in 1812, went when a small boy with his father, Jacob, to Gibson County, Ind., where the latter spent his life, a pioneer of southern Indiana. Benjamin was married in Gibson County, and in 1841 moved to Hamilton County and bought eighty acres in Beaver Creek Township. He was a successful man, and at one time owned 360 acres, all excepting eighty acres being in White County. For twenty years before his death, in 1875, he was a resident of White County. The mother, born in Kentucky in 1812, died in 1844 in Hamilton County, 111. Our subject, the oldest and only one living of five children, was ten years old when they came to Illinois, and about thirteen when his mother died. His education was in subscription schools, and he lived with his father until over twenty. In 1851 he married Loranie A., daugh- ter of James Moore, and born in 1830 in Hamilton County. Their eight children are Bailey, Benjamin, Henry, Mary E. (wife of Komelia Eister), William H., Maggie D. (wife of John Eose), Ehoda Belle and Albert. Since his marriage he has lived in Beaver Creek Township, near his present farm, excepting five years which were spent near Springerton. In 1854 he traded for eighty acres in Section 13, where he has lived mostly ever since. The eighty acres and S60 received from his father he has increased to 760 acres, 420 of which are in White County. He erected his home in 1886 for $500. He is a Eepublican, first voting for Fillmore. About 1856 he was elected constable and held the office for two years, and has served as school director a number of years. He is an esteemed man and reliable farmer. His wife is a member of the Christian Church. BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 727 I. N. Mercek. I. N. Mercer, justice, farmer, and proprietor of the Broughton Hotel, was born May 28, 1833, in Green County, Ohio, the tenth of thirteen children, six deceased, of John and Kebecca (Dalby) Mercer, the former of English origin, born in 1790 in Fred- erick County, Va., and the latter of Scotch and German descent, born in the same county in 1796. After their marriage they settled on a farm in Greene County, Ohio, where they died in 1881 and 1877 respectively. Our subject was educated in Jamestown and Antioch College (now Wilberforce College, colored,) and at twenty-two went to Clinton County, Ind., where he married Elizabeth Clark, and soon established a merchandising business in Colfax and farmed some also. In 1862 he moved to Vermil- lion County, Ind., where he engaged in live-stock dealing, farm- ing and merchandising, His wife died in November, 1864, and in 1866 he married again, and sold out and moved to Hamilton County and settled on his farm one and a half miles southeast of McLeansboro, Eight years later he moved to Broughton and engaged in merchandising, but since 1885 his attention has been devoted to superintending his farm. He was postmaster also for some time. By his first marriage his children are Daniel, LurettaJ. (wife of Heiiry Kanier), John W., Abram and Lanford N. Elizabeth, daughter of Daniel and Harriett (Crawford) Shroyer, the second wife of our subject, was born September 4, 1847, in Lawrence County, 111., and reared in Vermillion County. August 12, 1866, is the date of their marriage. Their only child was Amy I., deceased at thirteen. Our subject now owns about 300 acres of land besides town property, which is the result of his active and careful career. Politically he is independent, first voting for Fremont. He was postmaster after 1877 until he abandoned mercantile life. Since 1881 he has been justice. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church, while the children are all Methodists. He is a great-grandson of Gen. 728 HAMILTON COUNTY. John Mercer, of Revolutionary war fame. He is a leading busi- ness man of the county. E. N. Miller. E. N. Miller, farmer and teacher, was born in White County, 111., in 1848, the son of Mark A. and Harriett L. (Rice) Miller. The father, born in 1818 in White County, is a retired capitalist of Enfield. His father, James, a native of South Carolina, came to White County in 1814, one of the pioneers of southern Illinois, his nearest neighbor, eighteen miles, at Carmi or the Crouch settle- ment. Mark A., a farmer, married in White County in 1838, and with much business ability accumulated property. In 1887 he began merchandising in EDfield. Since 1874 he has been devoted to speculation in real estate and the commission business. Be- sides liberal gifts to his children he now owns 460 acres of fine land. Enfield has been his home for twenty- nine years. His wife, Harriett L. Rice, was born in Maury County, Tenn., in 1820, and when three years old came to White County, where she died in 1885. Our subject is the fifth of eight children. Besides the public school advantages our subject had a year at Lincoln Uni- versity. Since his sixteenth year he has taught continuously, except two winters, chiefly in Hamilton and White Counties and in Gibson County, Ind. In December, 1867, he married Emma J., daughter of Judge W. Garrison, of White County, her native place. Their only child is Charles E. After marriage he located in Enfield, and in the summers of 1872 and 1873 he contracted to grade on the Louisville & Nashville Railway. In August, 1873, his wife died, and in February, 1877, he married Mary E., daughter of P. Gowdy, born in White County in 1854. Mildred, Mark A. and Mary E. are their children. Since 1876 he has lived in Beaver Creek Township, his present home. He is a local leader in the Republican ranks. In 1878 he was elected constable and served four years, and in 1880 was appointed deputy sheriff and served six years. He is a Mason and Odd BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 729 Fellow of Enfield Lodges, having taken all the degrees. He has been elder in the Cumberland Presbyterian Church at West Union since its organization. His wife is also a member. Abner K. Moore. Abner R. Moore, farmer and carpenter, was born on the 26th of August, 1829, in Henderson County, Ky. He is the third of seven children of Haywood and Nancy (Russell) Moore. The father, Irish in origin, was born July 3, 1805, while his parents were en route to Kentucky from North Carolina, and died in 1879. His father, William, spent the remainder of his life in Henderson County as a farmer and mechanic, and died in 183-4. Haywood had country school advantages, and at eighteen married our subject's mother. In 1855 he married Elizabeth Pirtle. One of their two children is living. In 1843 he moved to Hamilton County, his permanent home, was always engaged in carpentering and farming through life, and was a member of tne Baptist Church. The mother, born in Henderson County, Ky., in 1805, died about 1875. Our subject received a good business education, and October 7, 1852, married Eliza J., daugh- ter of Milton Gallaher, born in Beaver County, Penn., August 8, 1829. She died in March, 1870. Only one of their eight children lived to be married, and she has since died. He then married Lucinda Moore, widow of R. E. Vincon. Their two children are Emma and Haywood, Jr. In 1854 he moved to near New Haven, Gallatin County. From 1855 to 1857 he was in Iowa City, and in 1874 returned to his present home in Ham- ilton County. He began with the county's infancy and has suc- ceeded, by careful management, in securing the possession of his present fine farm of eighty acres. In 1862 he enlisted in Company E, Fourteenth Illinois Cavalry, and was at Cumberland Gap, Nash- ville, Blountville, Kennesaw Mountain, Atlanta and other engage- ments, and after 1864 was on guard duty at Nashville. Since 730 HAMILTON COUNTY. 1885 he has been justice, with but one case appealed. Formerly a Democrat, and first voting for Pierce, he has since the war been a Kepublican. He is a prominent Mason and member of the F. M. B. A. His family are all members of the Methodist Episco- pal Church, and among the best citizens. P. "W. MOEGAN. P. W. Morgan, farmer, was born October, 11, 1836, in Liv- ingston, Ky., the yougest of six children — one living — of Friby and Nancy A. (Thompson) Morgan. It is thought that the father was Scotch, born in New York, and the mother English in origin, born in South Carolina, and were married in Ken- tucky. The father died in Hamilton County, when our subject was three years old, after he had been there but a year or so. The mother then married Squire Hillman, of Ohio, a soldier of 1812 and of the Black Hawk war. He died in 1875, and the mother in 1878. One of their two children is living. Our sub- ject was reared and educated by his uncle, Phillij) "W. Bearden. When eighteen he began for himself at merchandising, at Leo- villa. He remained there three years and married and settled on the farm on which he was raised, and of which he has since become possessor. It is one of the finest 280-acre farms in the vicin- ity, and well improved. His wife, Harriett J., daughter of Owen Damon, was born June 29, 1840, in Vermont. Their children are Mary A., wife of August E. Irvin; Lewis C. ; Florence O., deceased; Nora N., wife of John Grigg; William G., Emaline W., Owen A. and Alice M, Our subject began as a poor boy and has accumulated his property by hard work. Formerly a Repub- lican, casting his first vote for John Bell, he has, since the Green- back movement of 1875, been independent in politics. Although not active as a politician, he was elected county commissioner in 1876, and served satisfactorily three years. He is a Mason, McLeansboro Lodge, No. 157, and a member of the F. M. B. A., BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 731 Moore's Prairie Lodge. His wife, Lewis Carson, and Nora are members of the Missionary Baptist Church. Capt. James P. Moorman. Capt. James P. Moorman, farmer and teacher, was born in Lawrence County, Ohio, in 1841, one of eight children of James and Jane (Wilson) Moorman. The father, born in Virginia in 1812, was the son of James Moorman, Sr., a native of Virginia, of French origin, and who served in the war of 1812, first living in Kentucky and finally in Ohio. The father, educated, married in Lawrence County, Ohio, in 1853, settled and purchased about 600 acres of land in Flannigan Township, this county, and after- ward bought several hundred acres in Hardin County. While in Ohio he was a merchant for a time, then engaged in milling, then coal contractor the last several years. His later years were given exclusively to farming, and his ability in business showed in all. He died in 185G, and the mother, born in Ohio in 1820, is still living in Hamilton County, a member of the Missionary Baptist Church. With common school advantages, our subject began teaching at nineteen, continuing every winter until 1884, since then he has been devoted to his fine farm of nearly 300 acres of the old home, which has been nearly all his own accumu- lation. In January, 18G4, he married Mary, daughter of Alfred and Elizabeth Moore, born in Hamilton County in 1842. Seven of nine children are living: Amy, James A., Howard H., Emma F,, Sarah, Nellie and Hattie. He has since lived on his present farm. In December, 18(53. he enlisted in Company H, Thirteenth Illinois Cavalry, as private, but soon became first lieutenant, and from June to September, 1865, captain, when his company was mustered out. He was in a scouting party chiefly, at Pine Blutf. on the Arkansas Biver. His brother, William H. of Company A, Fortieth Illinois, died in the service in December, 1861 ; Jolm v., Avho enlisted in the One Hundred and Tenth Illinois, in 732 HAMILTON COUNTY. 1862, and was with Sherman, and Zachary T., who was in his brother's command, and killed at Douglas Landing, Arkansas Eiver, in December, 1864, were all brave soldiers. Two of his mother's brothers were killed at Cerro Gordo, in the Mexican war, and one of the father's brothers, in an Ohio regiment, was killed at Chickamanga. Our subject stands among the first teachers of Hamilton County, and is an able man. He is a Republican, first voting for Grant. He is a member of the G. A. R. and the F. M. B. A. His wife and four childeren are mem- bers of the Missionary Baptist Church. De. E. G. Neel. Dr. E. G. Neel, physician and surgeon, was born in Butler County, Ky., May 24, 1838, the son of Wade and Lucy (Wand) Neel. The father, of German descent, was born in Butler County, Ky., March 5, 1805, where he married, lived, and died in 1873. He was sheriff of Butler County for one term. The mother, of English origin, was born in Bowling Green, Ky., in 1815, and died in 1847. Their eight children are all living. Our subject was educated in the home schools, when sixteen left home, and for about four years was in the grocery business. November 18, 1856, he married Mary E. Dempsey, born in Fincastle, Ya., in 1838. Their children are John, Vara (wife of T. P. Stephenson), Wade, Mary (wife of James A. Ball), Bartlett R. and Hallie. After mar- riage he located in Greenville, Ky., and in 1864 began the study of medicine under Dr. Dempsey, with whom he remained five years. In 1872 he took a course at Louisville Hospital, and in 1877 grad- uated from the American Medical College of St. Louis, In 1869 he was appointed deputy United States revenue collector, of the Second District, Kentucky, and afterward appointed United States ganger and inspector of the same district, serving in both four years. He began practice at Greenville, Ky., and in 1873 settled at Henderson, but since 1880 he has had his present practice at BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 733 Thackery. He has been here longer than any other physician, and is a leading member of his profession in the county. He is a Republican, first voting for Lincoln. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. at Greenville, and of Encampment, Mount Olivet, No. 55. He and his wife have been members of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, for twenty-five and thirty years respectively. In 1877 he was made honorary member of the Missouri State Medical Society. Dr. John S. Organ. Dr. John S. Organ, of Walpole, was born in Wilson County, Tenn.,in 1844, the eldest of seven children of Col. Dr. James T. and Amanda (Cartwright) Organ, natives of Wilson County, born in 1822 and 1826 respectively. They were married October 24, 1848, and about 1848 removed to Wayne County, 111., where the father resumed blacksmithing. In 1857 he went to Marion, in 1859 to Arkansas, and in 1862 joined a Missouri regiment of volunteers. He first took his family back to Wayne County, 111., and in the meantime being cut off from his company, Gen. Blair, in command at St. Louis, commissioned him first lieutenant, to raise a company of which he was made captain. He then joined the Thirtieth Missouri, and was in active service until the close, oper- ating in Missouri, Arkansas, Mississippi, Louisiana, etc. He was made captain of a company in the Sixth Mississippi Heavy Artillery, and afterward lieutenant- colonel of the Seventieth Mississippi (colored), and afterward colonel. After three years of distinguished service he returned home, and in a few years moved to Harrisburg and resumed the study of medicine, began before the war. From 1869 he practiced there and in neighbor- ing counties until his health forbid it, about three years before his death, which occurred October 7, 1879. The mother died in September, 1874, a member of the Christian Church. Our sub- ject had an ordinary education, and when seventeen, in June, 1862, enlisted in his father's company, served about eighteen months, 734 HAMILTON COUNTY. and was discharged iu 1864. In 1867 be began medical study under Dr. Cheany, of Harrisburg, and two years later, in 1871-72, he attended lectures at the Medical College of Louisville, and graduated in 1879 from the Medical College of Evansville. He entered upon his practice at Broughton in 1872, and since 1874 has made Walpole and vicinity his home, where he has become one of the leading practitioners in the county, and has an extensive practice. He has acquired ninety acres of choice land, well cul- tivated and with excellent buildings, all this from a beginning of no means. He is a Kepublican, first voting for Lincoln. He is a Mason. January 18, 1877, he married Nancy, daughter of David and Patsey Smith, natives of Wilson County, Tenn. Their only surviving child is John E. Samuel J. Pake. Samuel J, Pake was born near Belleville, Canada West, April 27, 1842, the son of Samuel S. and Sarah (O'Keilly) Pake, natives respectively of Canada and Ireland. Our subject was reared and educated in his own county, and at the age of twelve years entered a mercantile house as clerk, in the town of Belleville, Canada West. Three years later he removed with his employer to Madoc, Canada West, where he remained two years more in the mercan- tile business, after which he removed to Birmingham, Conn., and was actively engaged in the mercantile business for two years more. He then entered the employ of a large manufacturing firm as bookkeeper, and remained with them until the year 1864, when he enlisted in the Fifth New York Heavy Artillery, then under the command of Gen. P. H. Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, and was mustered out one year later as lieu- tenant. On December 25, 1865, he married Mary A. Holmes, of Plattsburg, N. Y., and removed to Evansville, Ind., in Septem- ber, 1866, where he accepted a position as traveling salesman in a large wholesale dry goods house. In 1878 he came to McLeans- BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 785 boro, 111., and actively engaged in his present business, which he had started in company with Mr. J. G. Berridge some four years before, and which he has largely increased by his strict attention to business and his knowledge thereof, learned during the past thirty-three years he has been engaged therein. He has one son, Royal G., now seventeen years old; is a member of the Masonic order, and has been master of his lodge for several years; is a Democrat in politics, and he and his family are Episcopalians. C. W. Pope. C. W. Pope, proprietor of the McLeansboro saw-mills, was born August 13, 1844, in Goetingen, Germany, the second of four children of William and Lucinda (Smith) Pope, natives of Germany and born near the same place in 1807 and 1816 respectively. The father, a cutter, died in 1885, and the mother is still living at the old home. Our subject was educated in the schools of his native home and at a mechanical college at Goetingen, When fifteen he was apprenticed for three years as a machinist ; after two years' travel was impressed into service ; after eighteen months, in which he was in the battle of Langen Salts, he embarked at Bremen, and after a rough voyage and being nearly wrecked, they reached New York, December 17, 1867, after twenty-one days. He at once settled for eighteen months in Equality, 111., and learned blacksmithing and carriage making. Then, after a year in Shawneetown, in July, 1870, he came to McLeansboro. In 1872, he went to St. Louis, engaged on the river bridge a short time, went to Natchez and began traveling for cotton ties. In the fall of 1872, he worked in the railway shops at New Orleans, and the follow- ing year again began blacksmithing and carriage-making at McLeansboro. In 1882 he built a saw mill, and began manu- facturing a patent coiled hoop, and, in 1884, bought the Daily, Rice & Co. mill, and has converted both into saw mills, doinsf 736 HAMILTON COUNTY. now a $4,000 to $5,000 business annually, with all their products in demand. The mill in town is run but about four days per week, the one north of McLeansboro continuously. July 4, 1876, he married Irene, daughter of Dr. S. E. and Lucinda Gates, born in 1848 in McLeansboro. Their only child is Reginald. He owns about seven acres with his mill in the corporation, and 120 acres with his other mill, and is now one of the leading men of McLeansboro. He is a Democrat, and voted for Seymour. He is an Odd Fellow and Knight of Honor. He and his wife are Old School Presbyterians. Robert Proudfit. Robert Proudfit, a pioneer farmer, was born January 18, 1811, in Fayette County, Penn., one of a pair of twins of nine children — the only one living — of David and Sarah (Patterson) Proudfit, the former born in York County, Penn., in March, 1770, of Scotch blood, and the latter in 1773, in Bedford County, Penn., of Irish origin. Soon after their marriage in Bedford County, about 1798, they lived in Fayette County, and, twenty-six years later, moved to Guernsey County, Ohio. The father was an Associate Reformed Presbyterian Minister, and never missed but three Sabbaths during his ministerial life — and that was unavoidable — preaching two sermons the last Sunday of his life. He died in 1830, and the mother in 1842. Our subject was educated in his native county chiefly before thirteen, and remained at home, helping manage the farm, until thirty years of age, when he married and settled on his own farm in the same county. His wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Samuel and Jane (Patterson) Wilson, was born in 1820 near Elizabethtown, Penn., and married August 29, 1841. She died December 8, 1855, at the before- mentioned home. But one of their eight children are living, Mary I., now at home with her father. The oldest son, David W., was shot at Shiloh, April 6, 1863, and another, Samuel M., a BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 737 physician at Belle City about six years, died January 31, 1884. Our subject's second wife was Mrs. Mary J. Campbell, widow of John Campbell, of Ohio, daughter of David and Sarah (Patterson) Wilson, and a cousin of his first wife. Their five children are "Wilson H., Andrew P., William W., Robert B. (deceased) and David M. In 1860, he moved to near Piopolis, III, and after ten years here spent a year on the James Proutfit farm. Since about 1871 he has lived on his present fine farm of eighty acres, in Sections 3 and 10, and is an old, well-known and respected citizen. His present wife was born also near Elizabethtown, Penn., February 25, 1824. Her son. Dr. John P. Campbell, is living in Winchester, 111. Our subject is a Jacksonian Democrat. He was at nineteen a member of the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church, and since it was merged into the United Presbyterian Church he has been a faithful member of that, as is also his wife and daughter and his entire family adherents to the same doctrines, excepting Andrew who is a member of the Old School Presbyterian. David Proudfit. David Proudfit, farmer and stock raiser, born August 17, 1842, in Guernsey County, Ohio, the second of seven children of David and Mary J. (Walker) Proudfit, the former of Scotch origin, born in 1813 in Fayette County, Penn.. and the latter near Belfast, Ireland, in 1820. The mother came with her parents to Muskingum County, Ohio, in 1830. The father came with his parents to Guernsey County six years before, and in 1839 they married and remained in Guernsey County until the fall of 1864. They then settled on the farm near Piopolis, now owned by R. C. Atkinson, where the father died March 23, 1880. The mother is still living with our subject. After his father's death he remained on the farm, superintending it and dealing in stock until the fall of 1885, when he traded his farm and moved to Bell 738 HAMILTON COUNTY. City, where he has since engaged in farm managing and stock dealing. He introduced for the first time in 1883 the Gold Dust stock of horses, bringing two yearlings from Kentucky, and in 1885 two two-year olds. Politically he is a Democrat and first voted for Seymour. He is a member of the Methodist Protes- tant Church as is also the mother and sister, Tudie, living with them. His father, David, was a son of Rev. David Proudfit, who was a brother of Rev. Robert Proudfit, LL. D. Their father, Andrew, was a brother of Rev. James Proudfit, who emigrated from the highlands of Scotland in 1754, the third minister sent out as missionary by the synod to the colonies of North America. Alex. H. Pulliam. Alex. H. Pulliam, a pioneer farmer, was born in 1828 in Lincoln County, Tenn., the fifth of eight children of William P. and Frances J. (McNalla) Pulliam. The father, native of Virginia, and a son of William P., Sr., a soldier of the Revolution, lived in Lincoln County, Tenn., until 1844, when he moved to Illinois, and settled on our subject's present farm. A few years before his death in 1859, he became a resident of Harrisburg. His literary attainments were excellent, and besides being one of the best educators of the State, was long a public official, magistrate many years, sheriff two terms, and county clerk at Raleigh, but re- moved to Harrisburg before his term was finished. He was a mer- chant at the latter place the rest of his life. The mother died about 1854, a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. Our subject, with the education of pioneer days, was married in 1847 to Manara W. Durham. Four of their ten children are living : Sarah E. (wife of Zach. Pemberton), Alexander H., Jr., Almond H, and Ulysses G. Li April, 1879, his wife died, and in Decem- ber he married Sarah A., daughter of John H. and Emily Lane. He has since lived on the old farm which he purchased after his father's death and increased to nearly 400 acres, but has divided BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 739 all but 210 choicely improved acres, among his children. His success is in hard work and able management. In 1862 he enlisted in Company E, One Hundred and Tenth Illinois Infan- try, and was at Perryville, Murfreesboro, Chickamauga, Mission- ary Eidge, Peach Tree Creek, through the Atlanta campaign, with Sherman in his famous march to the sea, and discharged in Nashville in 1865. Since then he has been devoted to agri- culture. Reared a Democrat and first voting for Douglas he has syice the war been a Republican. He is an old and prominent Odd Fellow. William Rickcords. William Rickcords, of McLeansboro, was born in Deal, County Kent, England, March 21, 1819, and was " a man of Kent," which gave certain privileges over what was known as " a Kentish man." He is the son of John and Elizabeth (Morris) Rickcords, natives of England. Our subject came to America with his parents in 1834 and located at Buffalo, N. Y. He had secured in his native county, what would here be called a high school education. Until 1844 he followed bookkeeping in the American Hotel of Buffalo, then came west to Chicago and engaged in the Lake House in the same capacity for three years. He then conducted the Sherman House for three years, and afterward fol- lowed the business in New York State and city. In 1855 he came to McLeansboro and started E. I. Tinkham Company's bank, in which he was cashier until it closed out in 1863, paying up in full. Since ihen he has been engaged in loan and real estate business here, with deserved success, and was always interested in the growth and welfare of city and county. He is a large land holder, owning about 1,500 acres of good Hamilton County land. June 1, 1857, he married Sophronia Lockhart, born in Saline County May 20, 1827. They have adopted two children: John Frazier, and Alice, wife of R. D. Lasater. He has always been a stanch Republican and an active Union man during the late war. 740 HAMILTON COUNTY. He is an Episcopalian in religious faith, and was instrumental in organizing and building the church here. James E. Robinson. James E. Robinson was born in New Albany, Ind., September 17, 1850, the son of Matthew J. and Elizabeth (Butler) Robinson, natives respectively of Indiana and Kentucky. Our subject was reared and educated in his native city. In 1870 he went to Evans- ville, Ind., and was employed as clerk and traveling salesman for a dry goods house of that city until 1878. He then came to Mc- Leansboro and engaged in dry goods and general merchandise, and has since continued in it successfully, carrying the largest and best selected stock, and controlling the leading trade in his line in the city and county. February 16, 1875, he married Jennie L. Sackett, of New Albany, Ind. He is one of the live, energetic men of the city, and has been an alderman of it ever since its incorporation. He is a member of the K. of P. and K. of H. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Besides his fine two-story business house (20x120), his residence on the southwest corner of Broadway and Washington is one of the hand- somest in the city. John B. Standeefer. John B. Standerfer, treasurer of Hamilton County, was born in that county December 24, 1830, a son of Job and Mary (Dailey) Standerfer, natives respectively of Tennessee and Ken- tucky. The father was born in Maury County, Tenn., in 1802, and in 1816 with his father. Arch, settled in Auser Creek, Crouch Township, afterward moving to Shelby County, where he died. Job followed farming, and for six years was county treasurer and associate judge for several years. He was a Democrat in politics. Eleven of their twelve children are now living, with whom the parents now reside in this county. John B. was reared to manhood Bl'OGBAPHICAL APPENDIX. 741 on the farm, and Las followed farming most of his life, now own- ing a good farm in Crouch Township, three and a half miles west of McLeansboro. From August 13, 1862, to November 16, 1863, he served as private in Company A, Eighty-seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry, when he was disabled by rheumatism during service. He has been a life-long Democrat. He was county treasurer and assessor two terms, and two years later was elected sheriff. In 1886 he was elected treasurer of the county under the new organization. January 16, 1851, he married Elizabeth Shirley, who died in 1865 leaving five children: Job; Wilbern; Hamilton; Amanda, wife of H, L. Maulding, deputy circuit clerk; Reuben, and John F. (deceased). He next married Nancy J. Deitz, who died April 25, 1881. Their children are Robert, Marshall, Edward, Ebington, Charles, Elizabeth and John T. March 12, 1885, he married Nancy J. Myers, of this county. They are both Missionary Baptists, and are esteemed members of the community. Thompson B. Stelle. Thompson B. Stelle, attorney at law, McLeansboro, was born in Hamilton County, January 23, 1815, the son of Jacob and Judith (Farmer) Stelle, natives respectively of New Jersey and Tennessee. Our subject's grandfather, Thompson Stelle, Sr., was of the old French Huguenot stock, and came to Illinois Territory from New Jersey in 1816. He located near Knight's Prairie, and later on the " Ennis Maulding Farm," four miles west of McLeansboro, where he died in 1864. His wife, Eliza- beth Lawyer, died in 1873, They had fifteen children, eleven raised to maturity, three of whom were sons. Jacob was a suc- cessful farmer, as was also his father, and he served in Company A, Eighty-seventh Illinois Volunteer Infantry, throughout the war. His two brothers were also soldiers. Jacob's family of nine children has only five living: Thompson B., William C, Milton C, Eliza (wife of W. Smith) and Alice (wife of John 742 HAMILTON COUNTY. L. Cross). Jacob and his wife live five miles west of McLeans- boro. Our subject received a good common-school education, and at sixteen began teaching. After five years as pedagogue he attended Asbury University (Ind.), and later McKendree College, Lebanon, 111., where he graduated as LL. B. and B. 8. in 1868. He was licensed in June of the same year, since which time he has had a lucrative practice. In 1869 he was elected county judge, and served four years. He has been identified with most of the enterprises of the city and county, and especially the schools. He is president of the school board, and mayor of McLeansboro. He is a Democrat. February 11, 1873, he married Laura E. Blades, of this county. Their children are Edith E., Eleanor M., Cyrus B., Raleigh B. and William H. He is an Odd Fellow, and a recognized leader and lawyer of ability. He has a farm of 800 acres adjoining McLeansboro on the west. He is warmly attached to the interests of the agricult- urist and stock raiser, and devotes much attention to these im- portant industries. Alexander T. Sullenger. Alexander T. Sullenger, coroner, of Hamilton County, 111., was born in Gallatin County, January 15, 1814, the son of James and Mary (Trousdale) Sullenger, natives, respectively, of Guil- ford County, N. C, and Montgomery County, Tenn. The par- ents married, in 1812, in Kentucky, and soon went to near Shawneetown, where the father farmed until his death, about 1816. He was a soldier of the Revolution, and some coins he received — a 3 shilling scrip of March 25, 1776, saying the penalty for counterfeiting is death, and a $5 piece of January 14, 1779 — are held as relics by our subject. Alexander T. was reared in his native county on the farm with his mother and step-father, J. S. Pattillo, and secured but a limited education. December 10, 1835, he married in this county. His first wife, BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX, 743 Eliza, daughter of John Anderson, an early settler of the county, died in 1880, leaving twelve children, seven of whom are living. In November, 1882, he married Mary Jones, a native of Here- fordshire, England, He is a Democrat, and first voted for Jack- son, one of the few now living who cast their first vote for Old Hickory, He was made coroner of Hamilton County in 1837, and has held the ofiice half a century. He was justice over twenty years. He was a soldier of the Black Hawk war, under Capt. Joel Holliday, of Gallatin County, in First Regiment of the First Brigade, commanded by Gen. Posey, and is now one of the four survivors of this war in the county. He has been a Mason thirty-eight years, and has been in the marble business thirty-five years. He is a member of the Cumberland Presby- terian Church, and a most respected pioneer. He tells the fol- lowing well- vouched story: Eobert Page, Alfred Moore and Moses Shirley were to survey a road from Old Frankfort to McLeansboro, when Moore suggested probably the cheapest and most novel method ever used. Each of these gentlemen had a mare and colt, the former of which each rode to Frankfort, leav- ing the colt at home. The mares were turned loose when they arrived, and the bee lines they made for their respective offspring is said to have answered every purpose, John M, Suttle. John M. Suttle, farmer, was born in Tishomingo County, Miss., in 1833, the son of John W. and Mary (Steward) Suttle, the former born in North Carolina, and the latter a native of Wales. They located in Mississippi, where he died about 1850 She afterward married and went to California, where she died in 1868. Our subject went to White County, Tenn., when a young man, and in 1861 served in the Thirteenth and Seven- teenth Corps, first as wagon-master for six months, the same length of time as forage-master, and finally as master of trans- 744 HAMILTON COUNTY. portation, until 1864. In 1863, in Putnam County, Tenn., lie married Martha, daughter of William and Anna Andrews, born in Prince Edward County, Va., in 1836. The next year he came to. Hamilton County, and since 1874 has lived on his present farm. He now owns 180 acres in one tract, and 160 in another, all of which are the fruits of his own efforts. He engaged, with considerable ability, in the general produce and grain business, at McLeansboro, for two years, and also extensively engaged in stock buying and shipping for many years. Politically, he was a Democrat, first voting for Buchanan, but since the war he has been a Republican. He is a Mason, an Odd Fellow and a mem- ber of the F. M. B. A. He and his wife are members of the Regular Baptist Church. Eleven of their thirteen children are living: Mary S. (wife of W. L. Carey), John W., Florence A., Henry C, Orvel A., James C, Charley O., William S., Nancy A., Phillip S. and Marion C. Charles S. Todd. Charles S. Todd, carpenter, farmer and postmaster at Belle City, was born November 6, 1831, in Stratford, Conn., the youngest of three children (two deceased) of Edward and Esther Todd, the former born about 1809 in Redding, Conn., of Scotch origin, and the latter a few years later in Danbury, Conn. They were reared and married in their native State, and after marriage moved to Stratford, where the mother died when our subject was an infant. The father, a coal dealer, came to Madison County, 111., in 1856, and there, at Highland, his second wife died the next year. He moved to Mount Carmel, 111., married the third time, and engaged in farming until his death, which occurred in 1879. Our subject was educated at Stratford, and when seven- teen was apprenticed to a carpenter in New Haven. When twenty, he began for himself, and at twenty-two married and settled at Waterbury, where he was engaged in a cotton-gin fac- BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 745 tory. In 1855 he came to Highland, 111., and purchased a farm, remaining on the same, with the exception of eight months as army sutler, until 1863, when he went to Belle City. Here he had an interest in a grist and saw mill for a year. He then worked at his trade until 1878, when he began farming. In 1880 he purchased his farm adjoining Belle City, which he superintends, occasionally works at his trade, is postmaster, notary public and also police magistrate of Belle City. His wife, Jane M., daughter of Nathan S. and Prudence Fowler (both living in Connecticut), was born in March, 1838, in Bran- ford, Conn. Their children are Arthur E., Edward A., Charles 8., Harry H., Mary A., Benjamin F. (deceased) and Asa 8. His farm of 140 acres, a couple of town lots and his residence are his own acquirements chiefly, and he is now one of the leading business men of the county. He is a Eepublican, and voted for Fremont. He was elected justice in 1867, and about the same time was appointed postmaster, and says he is one of the " rascals not yet turned out." He has been police magistrate since the city's incorporation, and notary public since 1879. He is . now Worshipful Master in Hickory Hill Lodge, F. & A. M. When Belle Eiver Lodge was chartered, he became Worshipful Master for twelve years, or until he changed his membership to his present lodge. Our subject and his children, except the young- est, are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, while his wife is a Presbyterian, but has no church near of which to be a member. Squire James Twigg. Squire James Twigg, a wealthy farmer of Twigg Township, is the eldest of seven children of Timothy and Catherine (Mason) Twigg. The father, born in Ireland, came to the site of Nash- ville, Tenn., when but a boy, and assisted in building the first houses ever erected in the city. For eleven years he made his home with Andrew Jackson, of whom he was a great favorite and 746 HAMILTON COUNTY, for whom he worked some. He was engaged in flatboating on the Cumberland River several years. He was with Gen. Jack- son in the war of 1812, and was wounded at the battle of Talla- dega. He was twice married: first to the mother of our subject, in about 1803, and secondly about 1822 to Catherine Roberts, by whom he had two children. Immediately after his first marriage he settled amongst the cane eighteen miles southeast of Nash- ville, where he was devoted to farming in the summer and dis- tilling the products in the winter. His first house was built of slabs he split from a single linden tree, in which he spent several summers. With indomitable will and energy he soon had a fine farm, and was one of the leading farmers of the State. In 1846 he died, a member of the Old Baptist Church. The mother was probably born in Pennsylvania, and died April 18, 1818, a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. James was born in Rutherford County, in 1804, acquiring a good educa- tion in common schools, and when eighteen began work in White County, 111., on a farm at 25 cents a day. In 1824 he came to Hamilton County and taught school about two miles south of where he now resides. In 1825 he married Polly Barker. Six of their eleven children lived .to be married, but Nancy, wife of John Davis, is the only one now living. He soon settled on a farm adjoining, but in April, 1829, he settled in the woods on his present farm. With excellent business ability and no capital he added little by little to the original tract until he owned 3,000 acres, and could walk for three miles from his house on his own possessions. For about fifteen years he was running a grain mill, and for over forty years has carried on a general store, his first stock being a remnant stock bought of his brother who was then peddling. He has still held to his farming. He has led an active, uneventful life, totally abstaining from tobacco and intoxicants. He is the eldest of his family and the only one living, while his eldest is, besides himself, the only survivor of BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX, 747 his family. He is higlily esteemed throughout the county, and the township was named in his honor. Although past four score he is as vigorous as ever, and has a remarkable memory. He was one who heard the pistol shots of the Jackson-Benton duel at Nashville, He is a public-spirited man, devoted to the wellfare of his State, and has been a Democrat in earnest for more than sixty years, and a worker in their ranks. He first voted for Jack- son. His last wife was for many years a member of the United Brethren Church. Joseph H. Upchurch. Joseph H, Upchurch, circuit court clerk of Hamilton County, 111., was born in White County, Tenn,, April 11, 1847, the son of Enoch S, and Louesa (Shuster) Upchurch, both natives of Tennessee, Our subject came to Illinois with his parents in 1860. The father located on the farm in this county, and fol- lowed farming until his death, August 30, 1882, Here our subject was reared and educated. He has followed a farmer's life. Teaching school in the winter and farming during the sum- mer as his father, grandfather and great-grandfather had done before him, up to the present, and still lives on his farm three miles south of McLeansboro. He has always been an unswerving Democrat and actively engaged in political affairs since 1871, He was deputy assessor from 1871 to 1877, In 1876 he made an unsuccessful race for sheriff. In 1877 he was elected treasurer of the county, and in 1879 re-elected for the following term, which held over until December, 1882. In 1884 he was elected circuit clerk, which office he has filled in a highly efficient and faithful manner to the present time. He has lost two wives by death, they were Susan and Ida Hutson (sisters). One child by each wife is living : Francis R. and Nora, He is a member of the Knights of Honor, and is justly recognized as one of Ham- ilton County's enterprising citizens and popular officials. 748 hamilton county. John H. Upton. John H. Upton, farmer, was boin in 1837 in Hamilton County, 111., the son of David and Hannah (Moore) Upton. The father, of Dutch origin, born in Chatham County, N. C, in 1809, was brought with his parents and nine children to Smith County, Tenn., in 1813. The mother soon died, and their home and goods were completely burned. The father, John, married again, and in 1817 came to White County, 111., and located on the site of Enfield, one of the pioneers of southern Illinois. He was the father of twenty children. David was eight years old when he came to White County, and in 1830 he married, and located near Springerton, in White County, where he lived about two years. He then came to his present home in Beaver Creek Township. His wife died in 1876, and in 1879 he married Elizabeth McNabb, who died in 1884. David was skillful with the riile as a hunter, and in one winter he killed 105 deer. Of his seven living chil- dren the oldest is fifty-six and the youngest forty-two. John H. was educated in subscription schools, and made his home with his parents until twenty-seven. August 15, 1862, he enlisted in Company E, Eighty-seventh Illinois Infantry, and fought at Wil- son Hill, Carroll Hill, Mark Hill, the Red River expedition and numerous severe skirmishes. In September, 1864, he was cap- tured near the mouth of Red River, and imprisoned nineteen months at Camp Ford. July 5, 1865, he was discharged at Springfield. December 28, 1865, he married Ann E. Derrick, born in 1851 in Arkansas, who came to Illinois when thirteen years old. Their nine children are Rachael S. (wife of W. Wheeler), Thomas A.. David C, Flora M., George N., Sarah A., Walter M., Lawrence B. and Felix Z. He owns 145 acres, but since the fall of 1884 he has been living on his father's 160-acre tract. Politically he is a Nationalist, first voting for Douglas. He is a successful farmer and esteemed citizen. biographical appendix. 749 Thomas B. Vaughn. Thomas B. Vaughn, farmer, was boru on the site of Eldorado in 1830, a son of Daniel and Anna (Castleberry) Vaughn. The father, born in Tennessee in 1804, of Scotch ancestry, was the son of John Vaughn, a native of Maryland, and a soldier killed in the battle of New Orleans in the war of 1812. Daniel, born in 1824 in Caldwell County, Ky., came to Saline County in 1818, and then permanently in 1828, farming until his death in 1856. The mother, born in Kentucky about 1806, died in 1863. Educated chiefly at Benton, he joined Capt. (now Gen.) Lawler's cavalry at the age of fifteen, and for over fifteen months fought in northern Mexico. In 1849 he went West and successfully mined for three years. In 1852 he returned and the following year married Miriam Jones. Two of their three children are living: Napoleon A. (a merchant near Braden) and Eliza A. He soon entered the merchandise and tobacco trade at Raleigh, and in 1861 enlisted in Company E, Third Illinois Cavalry, and was in many large and smaller engagements for three years. Of his company of 101 men 55 were killed. Until 1876 he was engaged in milling in White County, and then traded for a mill in Walpole, which was burned three years later. Since then he has been engaged in farming and threshing, being the owner of 480 acres of land — two farms near Walpole. In 1860 he became assistant mar- shal of Saline and Hamilton Counties, and had charge of the census taking. He was reared a Democrat and first voted for Buchanan. He was formerly an Odd Fellow, and is a member of the F. M. B. A. His wife is a member of the Methodist Epis- copal Church. Leonidas Walker. Leonidas Walker, State's attorney of Hamilton County, was born in Butler County, Penn., May 2, 1842, the son of Nathaniel and Sarah (Slater) Walker, natives respectively of Pennsylvania and New York. Our subject was reared to manhood in his native 750 HAMILTON COUNTY. State receiving an academic education and a fair knowledge of the languages. He came west in 1860, and located at McLeansboro, where he finished the law study began in Pennsylvania. He studied under John McElvain, a well-known early lawyer of the place and not^ for his humor. Our subject was admitted to the bar in 1864, and has practiced ever since with well-deserved suc- cess. For a time he was partner of Hon. E. W. Townshend, and later with E. S. Anderson now of Oregon, and still later with L. J. Hale. He taught a school here from 1860 to 1865, and from 1863 to 1865 was county superintendent. In 1872 he was elected to the Twenty-eighth General Assembly, in which he served with honor. In 1880 he was elected to his present office, and re-elected in 1884, serving both terms most efficiently. He is a Democrat, and has been elected by that party to his various offices. April 4, 1871, he married Amy Carpenter, of this city. Their six chil- dren are Chester C, Alice E., Samuel A., Pauline, Carrie and Lawrences. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. lodge, and is one of Hamilton County's leading citizens and officials. Albert Walters. Albert Walters, farmer and stock raiser, was born in 1834 in Montgomery County, Tenn., the son of Anderson and Elizabeth (Joyner) Walters. The father, born in Pittsylvania County, Va., May 10, 1794, went to Middle Tennessee in his youth, where he lived at the time of his marriage. About 1840 he left Mont- gomery County, where he had settled, and came to White County, 111., settling near Morris City. He was a soldier at Norfolk in 1812, and became the owner of 200 acres of land. He died in 1868. The mother born in Sumner County, Tenn., in June, 1795, died in October, 1853. Five of her ten children are living. Our subject, the eighth, was about six years old when they came to Illinois, and he lived with his parents until eighteen. When twenty-one he became a teacher in White and Hamilton Counties BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 751 coDtinuing about five years. In November, 1860, he married Margaret Riley, who was born in White County, 111., December 12, 1837. Their children are Sarah E., Laura A., Harriett L., Susie (wife of Edward Allen), Charles C, Anderson and Ellis R. In January, 1853, he purchased 160 acres in Maberry Township, where he has since resided. November 9, 1874, his wife died, and July 25, 1876, he married Margaret Glenn, born in 1846 in Monroe County, Tenn. Their children are Jane, Frederick, Herbert and James G. He has succeeded from a poor beginning in becoming owner of 320 acres, some of which is in White County. In 1881 he erected his home at a cost of 31-, 300. Politically he is a Democrat, first casting his vote for Buchanan. He served four years as justice, and three years as county commissioner, elected in 1875. In April, 1887, he became tax collector. In 1870 he was ordained an elder in the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, of which he has been a member for twenty-nine years, and o£ which his wife and one child are members. i Dr. Charles W. Weaver. Dr. Charles W. Weaver, oculist and physician, was born in Tippecanoe County, Ind., in 1836, one of nine children of John and Catherine (Honer) Weaver, natives of Darke County, Ohio, and born in 1807 and 1806 respectively. They received but a limited education. John's parents, Jacob and Elizabeth Weaver, were natives of Germany, as were also the mother's people. John, the father, was married about 1833, moved to Tippe- canoe County, Ind., among the early pioneers, and settled on Government land. He was a well-to-do farmer, and died in 1874^ and the mother died in 1882. Both were for some years mem- bers of the Baptist Church. Our subject is largely a self-edu- cated man, he began life as a farmer, and in 1858, began the study of medicine under Dr. J. Leslie, of Elwin, 111. In November, 1863, he dropped study and enlisted in Company A, One Hun- 752 HAMILTON COUNTY. dred and Sixteenth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and was in active service six months when his enlistment expired. In November, 1864, he again enlisted in the Twelfth Indiana Battery, and remained stationed at Nashville, Tenn., until the close of hostilities. He soon resumed study in Macon County under Dr. Leslie at Elwin. From 1867 to 1869 he practiced near his old home in Carroll County, Ind. He then located at Neoga, 111., made a special study of the eye, and has since been most successful in various parts of the State. He has also a large general practice. October 9, 1857, iie married Catherine Leslie. Their two chil- dren are Sarah E., wife of Lewis Walter, and Joseph P., both of White County. His wife died in 1865. In 1867 he married Mrs. Nancy Hudson, 7iee Overly. Their three children are Minnie O. (wife of H. D. Cheek), Flodie E. and William C. This wife died in 1877, and in 1878 he married Mary A. Shaw. Their child is Charles W., Jr. This wife died in August, 1881, and in August, 1883, he married Mrs. Amelia Harvey. Their child is Mary E. Since 1882 he has lived on his present choice farm of eighty acres, which he has made remunerative, notwithstanding misfortune. Politically he is a Eepublican, but cast his first vote for Douglas. He was formerly a member of the United Brethren Church. James K. P. White. James K. P. White, farmer, was born in Coles County, 111., in 1845, the son of Thomas J. and Amy (Jones) White. The father, of Irish descent, was born in 1807, in Baron County, Ky. Soon after he married, in 1828, he went to Coles County, 111., where he lived until 1858, after wliich he located in Beaver Creek Township, Hamilton County. The mother, born in Jackson County, Tenn., November 7, 1808, died in Coles County, in 1851. In 1853 he married Amy Canteberry, born in Kentucky in 1818. She died in 1881, since when he has lived with his children. He is one of the oldest men in the county, and a courteous gen- BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 753 tleman. Our subject, the eighth of nine children, was thirteen when he came to this count j, and left home in August, 1862, to enlist in Company I, One Hundred and Thirty-first Illinois Infantry for three years or for the war. He was made corporal, and fought at Arkansas Post, Blakely, Spanish Fort, Vicksburg and many skirmishes. November 6, 1865, he was honorably discharged at Hamstead, Tex. April 22, 1866, he married Sarah J. Springer, born in Hamilton County, March 15, 1848. Albert M., Tabitha A. (deceased), John M., Mary E., Sarah J., LoraD., Maudie M. and James W. are their children. He began with eighty acres after his marriage and now has 279 acres slowly acquired. In 1882 he erected an $800 two-story dwelling. Politically he is a Democrat, first voting for McClellan. April 5, 1886, he was made highway commissioner and re-elected in 1887. He and his wife are members of the Christian Church. John H. Wilson. John H. Wilson was born in McLeansboro, February 8, 1845, the son of John A. and Eliza (Grady) Wilson, natives, respect- ively, of Shawneetown and Pennsylvania. The grandfather, James Harrison Wilson, was a pioneer of Shawneetown, and the father was a saddler by trade. In 1840 the father came to McLeansboro, and after following his trade and being a merchant, died there in 1861. He represented the county in the Legisla- ture one or more sessions, and was sheriff three terms. He was a Democrat and highly respected as an official. Our subject was reared to manhood here, and educated at McKendree College, 111., graduating with the degree of A .B. in 1868. For three years he was employed in the United States Engineer Department on western rivers. In 1871 he engaged in contracting with rail- roads in ties and timber, building up the business until he employed 500 persons in Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois and Indi- ana in getting out timber. He has been extraordinarily success- 754: HAMILTON COUNTY. £ul, also owning 400 acres near town which he manages, besides other valuable city and town property. November 27, 1873, he married Alice J. Eandall, of Hamilton County, Ohio. Their children are Eugene A., Francis R. and Carrie. Mr. Wilson is a prohibition Democrat, and has successfully fought for prohibition in McLeansboro. He has been a member of the city council a number of years. He and his wife are members of the Method- ist Episcopal Church. John J. Wood. John J. Wood, farmer, of Dahlgren Township, was born in Meigs County, Ohio, June 10, 184:0, the third of eleven children — four deceased — of Caleb and Anne C. (McDowell) Wood. The father, English in origin, was born in the same county in 1800. The mother, Scotch and German in ancestry, was born in 1809, in Gallia County, Ohio. They were married in MeigB County, where the mother's parents had settled in 1824; the father was a farmer, and both died in that county in 1879 and 1881, the latter the date of the mother's death. With a limited education, our subject when nineteen began a roving career by first making for Pike's Peak. He finally came to Hamilton County, and in July, 1861, enlisted in Company G, Fortieth Illi- nois Infantry, at Leovilla, was at Shiloh, Corinth, Vicksburg, Missionary Ridge, and with Sherman to the sea. He received four wounds : One in the mouth, at Jackson, Miss. ; the left thigh and knee at Missionary Ridge, and in the lower right leg in Grizzleville, Ga. He was honorably discharged at Louisville, in August, 1865. He then began farming in Hamilton County, and in January, 1868, married, and after a year's visit in Ohio, settled on his present farm in Section 18, Township 4 south. Range 5 east. His wife, Catherine, daughter of Thomas and Sarah (Oglesby) Burton, was born January 8, 1845, in this county. Their eight children are John T., Sarah C, Emma T., William P., Edward E., Jennie D., Carrie L. and Lewis C. A BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 755 boy and girl are also deceased. Although hindered much in life by sickness, our subject has succeeded in owning a finely culti- vated farm of 100 acres, nearly all improved. He has been locally prominent as a Republican, casting his first vote for Grant, and has held the office of school director for sixteen years, and justice for eight years. He is an Odd Fellow, Dahlgren Lodge, in which he has filled all the chairs, a member of the encamp- ment at McLeansboro, and of the F. M. B. A., Moore's Prairie Lod^e. He and his wife are Christians, but have no church near of which to be members. Alvin a. Young. Alvin A. Young, farmer and stock dealer, was born in Vir- ginia in 1838, the thirteenth of fifteen children of Michael and Emilia (Kazei) Young, natives of Virginia, where they were reared and married, and about 1841 went to Missouri, where the father died in 1877, and where the mother still lives. She is a member of the Free Baptist Church. With an ordinary educa- tion our subject left the Missouri home in 1861, and for some years was engaged at Cairo in contracting and building, his lead- ing occupation. He served about three months in the navy in 1864. In 1867 he married Louisa C. Stephens, daughter of Elisha and Nancy Mann, a native of Hamilton County. Their four children are Julia A., Mattie (deceased), Jessie M. and Alvin E. First locating on a farm adjoining, he has since 1879 been on his present fine farm of 120 acres, which is well improved, three miles south of McLeansboro. He is an active and energetic man and public spirited citizen. He has always been a Democrat, first voting for Douglas. BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 757 FKANKLIN COUNTY. James M. Akin. James M. Akin, farmer, was born in Franklin County in 1824, the son of James T. and Sarali A. (McMellon) Akin. The father, born in South Carolina, of Irish stock, was the son of James Akin, native of Ireland, where he was married and located in South Carolina, and when James T. was a boy moved to Greene County, Ohio, thence a few years later to Gibson County, Ind., and in 1818 settled in Eastern Township, Franklin County, on the farm now owned by George Brady. He died in 1856, a pioneer of the county. James T. married in Gibson County, Ind., and in 1822 came to Franklin County. After raising one crop on Craw- ford's Prairie he returned for his family, and entered the farm now owned by the Widow Frost, in Eastern Township. He died about 1835. His wife, born in South Carolina, died in 1860, sixty -two years old. Our subject, the only survivor of six chil- dren, received a common-school education in Franklin County, and lived with his mother until about sixteen, when, after a year's work for his uncle, John Akin, he began for himself. When eighteen he married Mary A., daughter of John T. and Jane Carter, born in 1824 in Smith County, Tenn. Their children are William T. (deceased), Samantha J. (wife of Akin Plaster), James E., Catherine (wife of John W. Ross), Melinda (wife of A. Criss), John M., Amanda (wife of F. M. Flemming), Grant and Ida M. He then located on a 280 tract in Eastern Township. In 1885 he sold that and bought 183^ acres in Sections 22 and 23, his present home. From 1882 he was a merchant about two years, but sold out, and in a few months rebought a half interest, 758 FRANKLIN COUNTY. and continued about eighteen months. He is a Democrat, first voting for Polk, and is a leading citizen. For four years after 1868, four years after 1872 and for four years after the county adopted the township organization, he was a member of the county court. From 1876 he was two years a sheriff of Franklin County. He is a Master Mason and an Odd Fellow. December 16, 1861, he enlisted in Company I, Fifty-sixth Hlinois Volun- teer Infantry, for three years or for the war, and was made first lieutenant, and discharged October 29, 1862, owing to disability. Levi Eeed Auten. Levi Keed Auten, farmer, was born in McNairy County, Tenn., in 1844, the son of James L. B. and Joannah B. (Madry) Auten. The father, born in Maury County, Tenn., in 1818, of Irish stock, was a farmer and carpenter, married in his native county, and moved to McNairy County, Tenn. In 1856 he settled near Greenville, and during the war settled on eighty-five acres, now owned by his sons, L. E. and John H. In 1870 he moved to Hunt County, Tex., and for the past eight years has been in Coryell County, Tex. The mother, born in Giles County, Tenn., in 1815, died in 1878 in Texas. Their children are Mar- garet A., widow of K.Jones, Coryell County, Tex.; Nancy J., wife of J. W. Vincent, Franklin County, III; L. Eeed; Leroy K., Scurvy County, Tex. ; Wm. H., Chickasaw Lick, Indian Terri- tory; John A., Coryell County, Tex., and also Eichard. Edu- cated in the common schools of McNairy County, Tenn., our sub- ject came to Illinois when twelve, and in August, 1862, enlisted in Company C, Fifteenth Illinois Cavalry, and was chiefly engaged in raiding and skirmishing. He was discharged June 5, 1865, at New Orleans. In December, 1866, he married Mary J. Sweet, a native of Wilson County, Tenn., born in 1845. Their children are Eobert F. and Charles A. Except the year 1871 in Texas, our subject has lived in Franklin County. In # ^MIfM' BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 759 1876 he bought his present farm of forty acres iu Cane Town- ship. He now owns 120 acres, all acquired from a poor begin- ning. He is a Republican, first voting for Grant. Daniel Bain. Daniel Bain, a pioneer and leading farmer, was born August 28, 1827, in White County, the second of eleven children (two deceased) of Daniel and Nancy (Canada) Bain. The father, of Scotch stock, was born in 1794 in North Carolina, and the mother was born in Tennessee in 1803, and of the same origin. They settled in Illinois April 3, 1838, the mother's folks in White County, and were married about 1821. The father was in Ten- nessee first, and a soldier in the war of 1812 for three months. The mother's folks lived in a fort in Crawford County, on the Wabash River, for five years. When our subject was about two years old they moved to Vigo County, Ind. After ten years' farming there they came to Franklin County and settled on their farm in Northern Township, until 1858, when he bought a farm in the southwest corner of the same township, where the father died in 1869. The mother still lives with her youngest daughter, Mrs. Jasper Whittington. With limited educational advantages our subject remained at home until nearly twenty-four, and then returned to Vigo County, Ind., and married Eliza J., daughter of John and Polly (Kimball) Reese, born in that county about 1831. Their eleven children are Julia A. (deceased wife of John Britton), Mary E. (deceased), William A., Maraney C. (wife of Scott Roberson), Nancy E. (deceased), Millard F., Martha F. (wife of Henry Davis), Sarah E. (wife of E. Webb), Ora E., Rosetta (deceased) and Hester. His wife died in November, 1874, at our subject's present home. After farming there until October he came to Franklin County and settled on the farm now owned by Alfred Groves. In 1858 he sold it, and after about nine months' merchandising settled on his present farm in Sec- 760 FRANKLIN COUNTY. tions 29 and 30. In December, 1875, he married Sarah, widow of George W. Beaty, and daughter of Luke and Margaret (Eog- ers) Bosley. Their children are Ida, Daniel E. and Margaret C. His wife was born in 1839 in Jefferson County, 111. She had these children by her first husband-; George W., Henry J., Fran- ces M., Philip C, James W., Sarah E. and Eliza J. He has cleared two woodland farms somewhat, and now owns 277 acres, mostly improved and cultivated, and all fenced. He has acquired this from a beginning of nothing in the woods as a pioneer. For- merly a Whig, he has been a Republican since the war, and first voted for Taylor. He is a member of the Macedonia Lodge, I. O. O. F. and the F. M. B. A., and of the Methodist Episcopal Church, while his wife and one of her first husband's children, and Will- iam, Maraney, Fannie and Ora E. are members of the Missionary Baptist Church. Sarah E. belongs to the old Regular Baptist Church. James S. Barr. James S. Barr, editor and proprietor of the Franklin County Chronicle, was born in Huntingdon County, Penn., November 30, 1851, the. son of James S.,Sr., and Charlotte (Stage) Barr, natives of Pennsylvania. The family located in Perry County, 111., in 1860, and in 1862 in Franklin County. The father, now living in Jackson County, was for many years editor and publisher of the Standard, and under him our subject learned the newspaper business, being also a printer. From 1867 to 1870 he worked as compositor on the St. Louis Republican, then followed his trade all over the Northern, Eastern and Western States. In 1881 he returned to Benton and bought out the Chronicle, which he has since conducted successfully, it being the only Republican paper in the county. September 23, 1872, he married Lizzie, daughter of the late Walter S. Akin. They have three sons and two daughters. Although our subject's father is a Democrat, he is a BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 761 stanch Eepublican. He is an Odd Fellow, and an honorary mem- ber of the St. Louis Typographical Union. Columbus C. Biggs. Columbus C. Biggs, tax collector and farmer, was born in McCracken County, Ky., in 1835, the son of Elijah and Mary (Brown) Biggs. The father, born in Kentucky about 1800, of English stock, married in his native State and moved to Shelby County, 111., where he became a soldier of the Black Hawk war. About 1831, he returned to Kentucky, and in 1837 came to Frank- lin County, 111., in 1812 to Williamson County, and in 1818 to Johnson County, where he died in 1850. The mother, born in Virginia, died in 1880 at the age of seventy-two. Six of their ten children are living. Our subject, the fourth, was but a boy when they came to Franklin County, and was educated in the Liberty schools. When sixteen he lived with J. W. McCreery until he became of age. In 1856 he married Mary J. Jackson, a native of Franklin County, born in 1837. Their children are Aravada, (wife of J. L. Stephens) and James J. His wife died in March, 1871, and in October he married Loneta Barrett, boru in Frank- lin County. Their children are William M., George H., Mary E., Bertha L. and Annie. December 2, 1861, he enlisted in Company D, Thirtieth Illinois Infantry, his company being the cavalry of the regiment. Tlieir duty was chiefly raiding, and they were in severe skirmishes and at Fort Donelson. In January, 1865, he was discharged at Helena, Ark., one of the fortunate who were neither wounded nor captured. He has lived in Sec- tion 23, Cane Township, since he was sixteen, on the princi- ple that " a rolling stone gathers no moss." He is a Repub- lican but first voted for Buchanan. Since 1868 he has served six- teen years as constable, besides three years as tax collector, dur- ing this time he was appointed in 1885, and elected again in 1886. In 1878 he was a member of the county court for a year. 762 FRANKLIN COUNTY. He is a Master Mason aud a member of the F. M. B. A. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. William H. Boyee. William H. Boyer, supervisor and farmer, was born in 1853 in Northern Township, one of nine children (five deceased) of Michael and Jerusa (Scrivner) Boyer, the former probably of Scotch origin, born in Gallatin County, in 1825, and the lat- ter of English stock, born about 1832 in Stewart County, Tenn. They were married in Northern Township, where the mother had come as a child of five years, and they settled where the father is still living; the mother died in January 1884. Our sub- ject was educated in the common schools and at Ewing College. When twenty-one he began teaching, and when twenty-three married Martha L. Gibbs, of Hamilton County, who lived but until March of the next year. He continued at home three years teaching and then married Cordelia, daughter of Albert and Nancy (Taylor) Clark, and born in July, 1864, in our subject's native township. Their children are Riley O., Flora E., Harvey O., Michael and Leonard C. He settled on his present farm after his marriage, and has since taught in winters until 1885, since which he has farmed exclusively. He has been remark- ably successful as an instructor and disciplinarian. He is a Democrat, and cast his first vote for Tilden. He is a member of the F. M. B. A., No. 53. William G. Brown, M. D. William G. Brown, M. D., of Parrish, born in Lawrence County, Ohio, in 1824, the eldest child of George Brown and Minerva Gillett, born respectively in 1792 in Virginia, and in 1804 in Connecticut. The father, of English origin, son of Oliver Brown, a native of Roxbury, Mass., a captain of artillery in the Revolutionary war reared at home in Virginia, where his BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 763 father had settled after the war as a merchant. After a good common business education he made law and teaching his pro- fession in life. When a young man he went to Lawrence County, Ohio, married in 1822, and in 1825 removed to Utica, Ind., where he died in 1828. For two years, in Virginia, he was editor of the Wellsburg Brooke Republican, among the first papers published in the Ohio Valley. He was a success as an editor and educator. The mother, still living with our sub- ject, has been a devout member of the Methodist Episcopal Church since her childhood. The Doctor was reared and given an academic education by his grandfather in Wellsburg, Va. For about ten years after 1842 he was in Lousiaua, engaged in the river trade, and in 1845 married Emma, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth Walton, of Lawrence County, Ohio. Two of their seven children are living : Mrs. Mary Whittiugton of Kansas, and Mrs. Louisa Dillon of Franklin County. Mrs. Brown died in 1859, and he afterward married Mrs. Sarah Lambert of this county. Her death occurred in 1866. In 1868 he married Mrs. Josephine Morris, daughter of Charles Hungate, a pioneer of Hamilton County. Their two sons are Victor and Humbert. In 1853 he moved to Jefferson County, and taught school, and since 1856 has been in the practice of medicine with success, and is the oldest physician, but one, in Franklin County, His practice has been mostly in Hamilton, Jefferson, Perry and Franklin Coun- ties living chiefly in the latter since 1858, and in his present home since 1885. He was postmaster four years at Macedonia, ten years at Akin, and at Smothersville two years. Formerly a Whig and first voting for Taylor, he has, since the war, been a Republican. Since 1861 he has been an Odd Fellow, and is a member of the Universalist Church. Levi Browning. Levi Browning, a prominent pioneer citizen of Benton, 111., was born in Franklin County, October 18, 1820, a sou of John and 764 FRANKLIN COUNTY. Nancy (Kitchen) Browning, natives of Tennessee. The father came to Illinois Territory in 1804, living in the Old Fort in Cave township, until 1820, when he settled on what has since been known as Browning Hill in the township that now bears his name. He resided there until his death some twenty years since, soon after the close of the war. He was a farmer and reasonably suc- cessful for that early day. He was a Baptist minister, one of the pioneers of that faith in this country. Levi was reared to manhood on the farm in his native county, and secured a fair edu- cation in the subscription schools of the log cabins of that day. He began the life of a pioneer farmer, and as early as 1840 came to Benton and began the mercantile business on a small scale with his older brother, William R. Those were the days when the merchant made a horseback tour to St. Louis and bought and brought back goods overland with the ox-team, and our subject was no exception to the rule, having made a score or more of such trips. About 1848 he built a saw mill near Benton, and in 1854, the grist-mill, the first steam mill in the county, which he oper- ated until the war, and then resumed the mercantile trade, in which he has been most successful. He owns about 1,000 acres of real estate in the county. In 1853 he married Fannie Howell, a native of St. Clair County, 111., who died in 1854. An only child is deceased. In 1855 he married Tabitha Layman, of this county. Seven children are living : Mrs. Lulu B. Ward, of Duquoin, 111. ; Quincy E., of Washington, D. C. ; Thomas S., deputy county clerk; Flora B., Mattie D., Nannie E. and John L. He was originally a Jacksonian Democrat, but of late has been an ardent Prohibi- tionist. For forty years he has been one of the Sons of Temper- ance. In 1854 be was appointed drainage commissioner, and sold about 40,000 acres of swamp land to the profit of the county. He has been a leading member of the Missionary Baptist Church for over half a century, and is one of the most respected pioneers. biographical appendix. 765 Daniel M. Browning. Daniel M. Browning, Past Grand Master of Masons, of Illi- nois, was born in Benton, where he now resides, October 11, 1846. He was married, in 1868, to Tirzah Bell Nayor, of Cincinnati. They have three children. Our subject is the son of William K. and Lydia Browning, natives respectively of this and Jackson Counties. The father, circuit and county clerk, and county judge and merchant, was born in 1810, and died in 1866. Dan- iel M. received an academic education, and began the study of law at an early age. He graduated with distinction from the law department of the State University of Indiana, in February, 186G, and, after examination before the Illinois Supreme Court in June, was admitted to the bar before he was twenty years of age. He was elected county judge in November, 1869, when twenty-three years of age, and re-elected in 1873 and 1877 with- out opposition, which position he resigned upon being elected circuit judge of the First Judicial Circuit in 1879. He is o£ fine personal appearance, and has a reputation for suavity, dig- nity, learning and good sense rarely equaled. Since June, 1885, he has been engaged in the practice of law at Benton. His Masonic career began with his initiation into Benton Lodge, No. 64, in 1868. He served as AVorshipful Master fii^e terms, between the years 1870 and 1878. In 1774 he was District Deputy Grand Master of the Twenty eighth Masonic District. During the years 1875-77, he was chairman of the appeals and grievances committee in the Grand Lodge, for which he had qualifications promptly recognized. In 1878 he was elected Junior Grand Warden, and step by step he advanced until elected Grand Mas- ter in October, 1882. He was re-elected in 1883, serving with great ability and to the satisfaction of 40,000 Illinois Masons. Judge Browning is of exceptionally good social qualities, and those who have met him can bear testimony to the good cheer with 766 FKANKLIN COUNTY. which he is constantly surrounded. As a Mason and citizen he is the j)eer of the best. Addison M. Beownlee. Addison M. Brownlee, editor and proprietor of the Benton Standard, and postmaster, was born in Livonia, Ind., October 5, 1845, the son of Eev. James and Lavina (McClurg) Brownlee, natives respectively of Ireland and Virginia. The father moved to Kansas before the war, and later to Illinois, where he died at Carbondale. In 1861 he enlisted in Company I, Second Kansas Cavalry, and served three years as private. After the war he attended McKendree College, 111., and the normal school at Nor- mal, 111. He was principal of the Shawneetown schools three years, then became one of the editors of the Tazewell County Rt publican at Pekin; thence to Virginia, 111., where he conducted the Gazette. Since 1877 he has been successful with his present paper, the only Democratic paper in the county. December 19, 1876, he married Mary C, daughter of the late T. B. Cantrell. He had two sons and one daughter, the latter deceased. He is a Democrat. He was made postmaster in August, 1885. He is a Knight of Honor, and he and his wife are, religiously, Methodists- James Buekitt. James Burkitt, farmer and stock dealer, was born in 1826 in Sumner County, Tenn., the sixth of ten children of William and Nancy (Godwin) Burkitt, natives of North Carolina. The father, born in 1794, of Irish origin, the son of Eev. Lemuel Burkitt, a Baptist minister, was reared and married in his native State, and came afterward to Sumner County, Tenn., and in 1845 to Franklin County, locating near Mulkeytown as a farmer. He died in 1859. He was twice married, the last time to Susan "Wheeler, about 1837. They had two sons and two daughters. She died in 1856. Our subject was unable to get an education, BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 767 because of few schools and poor parents. He enlisted in Com- pany K, Second Illinois Volunteer Infantry, in 1847, and served a year. In 1849 he returned and married Mary, daughter of Calvin and Patsey Jones. Seven of their ten children are liv- ing: James H., Isabelle (wife of A. J. Davis), Luana (wife of N. HoUingsworth), Allen, Etta (wife of John Moore), Will- iam H. and John. Mrs. Burkitt died in 1870, and he married Mrs. Martha A. Fry, of Wilson County, Tenn., who died in 1881. His last wife was Mrs. Ann Burkitt, nee Thurston. Their children are Frederick and Florence. Soon after his first mar- riage he located on his present farm, and in his log house built the first brick chimney on Harrison's Prairie. After the war he replaced that by his present nice frame home. He now owns 260 finely improved and cultivated acres, 140 acres, the home farm, being near Christopher. His war service left him unable to do much manual labor, and he turned to experimenting with live stock, the foundation of his success as a prominent farmer who began with nothing. He is a public-spirited man, and a Democrat, first voting for Taylor. He belongs to the F. M. B. A., and he and his Avife are members of the Christian Church. TiLMON B. Cantrell. Tilmon B. Cantrell (deceased) was born in Wilson County, Tenn., July 5, 1815, the son of Richard and Constance (Bethel) Cantrell, both of Tennessee. The father and his family located in Franklin County in 1817, at the old fort in what is now Cave Township. He was a plain, quiet farmer, who was highly respected, and who accumulated considerable property. He was a zealous member of the Regular Baptist Church. Tilmon was reared on the farm, and educated at the old Frankfort school under Capt. Taylor, a highly educated Eastern man, who taught here a number of years. Early in life our subject began mer- chandising at Frankfort, to which he devoted his time and atten- 768 FRANKLIN COUNTY. tion most of his life. He came to Benton in 1841, and con- ducted a successful business until about 1871, when he retired from active life. He was a successful financier, trader and spec- ulator. He was an earnest Democrat, but never an official aspirant. March 9, 1843, he married Euphemia D., daughter of James G. and Margaret (Crawford) Newman, whose family were early settlers of this section, and who still survives him. The following named children was the result of this marriage: Eobert J., Lloyd C, William 8., Margaret A., Charles C, Mary C. (Mrs. Brownlee), Kate and George. Of these only William S., Mary C. Brownlee, Kate and George are now living. The subject of our sketch was a charter member of Benton Lodge, No. 64, A. F. & A. M., and was also a Royal Arch Mason. He was also a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, at Ben- ton, III, and died May 14, 1873. William S. Cantrell. William S. Cantrell, State's attorney for Franklin County, Avas born in that county February 6, 1851, the son of Tilmon B. and Euphemia D. (Newman) Cantrell, natives of Tennessee and Illi- nois respectively, whose biography see elsewhere. Our subject was educated at the State University, Bloomington, Lid., after his attendance at common schools. In 1869 he began the study of law, in Benton, reading with Youngblood & Barr, and later attended Judge Duff's law school, at Shawneetown. Since 1878, when he was admitted, he has been in continuous and successful practice ever since. He is a Democrat, and was master in chan- cery court from 1873 to 1879. In 1884 he was elected to his present office, which he most efficiently fills. March 2, 1882, he married Mary J., daughter of Hon. Charles Burnett, of Shaw- neetown, and who is a native of Illinois. Their children are Charles A. and Mary A. Since April, 1882, he has been a Mason, and in the following October was appointed on the appeals BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 769 and grievance committee of the State Grand Lodge. He is a charter member of Benton Lodge, No. 2000, K. of H., and was Supreme Representative to the Supreme Lodge of the United States, which met in 1883, in Galveston, Tex. He is also a member of Charity Lodge, No. 288, I. O. O. F., and is at present Worshipful Master of Benton Lodge, No. 64, A. F. & A. M. Dr. D. Lafayette Carter. Dr. D. Lafayette Carter, physician and surgeon, was born in Wilson County, Tenn., in 1848, the son of Henry D. and Nancy (Williams) Carter. The father, born in 1812, in Virginia, of English origin, went to Wilson County, Tenn., with his parents, when twelve years old. He was married there, and in 1851 moved to Henry County, Tenn. Li 1858 he went to Missouri, and in a short time to western Kentucky, and there remained, excepting two years in Illinois, until 1869, when he bought 200 acres of land in Williamson County. In 1885 he settled on his present farm of 120 acres, near Thompson ville, still retaining the before-mentioned 200 acres. *His wife, Nancy, was born in Tennessee in 1819, and died in 1870. Ten of their fourteen children are living: Thomas; William; Mary, wife of H. Turner; Stitli ; Elizabeth, wife of John Jordan ; our subject ; George ; Henry C. ; James and Elmas. Educated in the common schools of Ken- tucky, our subject, when twenty years old, began medical study under Dr. R. Poindexter, and a year later attended the medical lectures of the University of Louisville. In 1871 he located near Corinth, 111., and in 1875 at Fitts Hill, Franklin County. Since 1880 he has been in Thompsonville. In 1878 he graduated from the Evansville Medical College. He is the oldest practicing physician actively engaged in Thompsonville, and by his ability and courteous qualities has gained a very extensive practice. Politically he is a Republican, and first voted for Grant, in 1872. In 1872 he married Henrietta, daughter of William Lynch, 770 FRANKLIN COUNTY. born in Jefferson Count jt, 111. She is a member of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church. They have one child living, Dexter L. Evan H. Casey. Evan H, Casey, of Dunbar & Casey, hardware merchants,, was born in 1861, near Pinckneyville, Perry Co., 111., the young- est of eight children — five living — of Hiram and Mary (Wooley) Casey, the father of Irish origin, born in Tennessee in 1813, and the mother, born a few years later in Ohio, of German stock. They were married in Mount Vernon, 111., and soon settled in Perry County. The father was a farmer, died in 1877, and the mother died in 1865. The father was married the second time. Our subject was educated at Shurleff and Ewing College,, and when twenty began as partner with Webb Bros, in dry goods. A year later he spent some time with Dr. Kelley in the drug business, and then bought the interest of Mr. Neal in their pres- ent firm. In 1881 he married Laura, daughter of W. A. and Charlotte (Harrison) King, near Ewing, where she was born in May, 1859. Their only child is Lura. He is an enterprising young merchant, and owns, besides his stock, a house and lot in Ewing. He is a Republican, and first voted for Blaine, in 1884. He is a member of Ewing Lodge, I. O. O. F., and of the Mis- sionary Baptist Church. Alexander C. Clark. Alexander C. Clark, liveryman and mail contractor, was born October 22, 1853, in Wilson County, Tenn., the youngest of six children of John A. and Peggy (Beard) Clark, the former of Scotch stock, born in 1815, and the latter of Irish origin, born in 1817, both in Wilson County, Tenn. They were married in their native county, where the mother died in 1865 and the father still lives. He was educated at New Middleton Academy, Smith County, Tenn., and when twenty years old came with his BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 771 brother, George W., to Jeifersoii Comity, 111., and worked with him on his farm about a year. He then worked for K. Riche- son, in Franklin County, about six months, and returned to Jeffer- son County, and farmed for three years. In October, 1875, he married and settled on a farm, the gift to his wife by her father. After three years he returned to Jefferson County, and bought a farm. In March, he moved to Ewing and established his livery stables. His Avife Joanna, daughter of C. S. and Eliza L. (Die) Hughes, Avas born December 13, 1855, in Athens County, Ohio. Their only child- is Effie L. He is one of Ewing's prosperous citizens, and besides his valuable farm in Jefferson County, he owns a good house and town lot. For four years from July 1, 1887, he has the whole mail contract, and is now contractor. He is a Democrat and first voted for Cleveland. He is an Odd Fellow and he and wife are members of the Missionary Baptist Church. F. E. Clinton. F. E. Clinton, justice and farmer, was born in 1832, in Cald- well County, Ky., the sixth of nine children (three deceased) of John and Sarah (Shelby) Clinton, the former born in 1791, in South Carolina, of Irish stock, and the latter of English lineage, about 1800, in Livingston County, Ky. They were married in the latter county where the father came when a child, and lived in Caldwell and the present Crittenden Counties until their deaths in 1819 and 1855 respectively. He was a farmer. Our subject was educated in the schools at home until twenty-one, when he married Elizabeth, daughter of Samuel and Jane Neal,. born in 1826 in Sumner County, Tenn. Their children are John E., living near his father, and six others deceased. He settled on his farm, in 185(> came to Ewing Township, and two years later moved to his present home in Northern Township. Our subject, although physically a feeble man, has secured for himself a farm of ninety acres, well improved and cultivated. For 772 FRANKLIN COUNTY. sixteen years he has been a justice of the peace. He is a Re- publican generally, although a freetrader and a prohibitionist in principle. He, and wife and his son and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In his thirty years' residence in southern Illinois, he notices the great progress of the country, and mentions the many personal kindnesses of the people. Braxton Cook. Braxton Cook, farmer, was born in Eastern Township in 1836, the seventh of eight children of Rev. Abraham and Nancy (Plasters) Cook, natives of North Carolina and Tennessee. The father, born in 1810, came Avith his father, Randolph, to this county (now Franklin), and married when of age, and then set- tled permanently in Hamilton County. He was a minister of the Missionary Baptist Church for over thirty years, preached, and was well known throughout this part of the State for all the excellent qualities of a true man and minister, and his loss was severely felt. He died in 1803. His father, of Irish origin, was a soldier of the Black Hawk war. The mother, Nancy, was born in 1815 and died in 1880, a member of the Missionary Baptist Church. Our subject was educated in the pioneer log cabin, so often described in these pages, and May 7, 1857, married Sarah J., daughter of Charles and Cynthia Webb, formerly of Ken- tucky, who was born in Franklin County in 1839. Their children are William, Willis A., George W., Malinda J., Nancy C, Cynthia E. and Cordelia. His wife died November 27, 1873, and June 22, 1874, he married Prudy, daughter of William and Elizabeth Summers. Their child is Robert F. He immediately located on land entered by his father in Pierce's administration, the patent for which he still possesses. He has cleared the dense forest, and increased his land to 132 acres fourteen miles north- east of Benton. In October, 1861, he enlisted in Company F, Fortieth Illinois Infantry, and after active service, was discharged BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 773 in September, 1862, on account of disability, and resumed farming. He is a thorough musician, and for twenty years taught the subject throughout the county and its surroundings. He is familiar with all the earliest pioneer life described elsewhere, and tells how he and two companions in 1854 killed twenty-seven wild turkeys in a few hours of a night's hunt. He has a rugged con- stitution, and has been a hard laborer, and never was witness in litigation but once. He is a Democrat, first voting for Douglas. Since 1854 he has been a member of the Missionary Baptist Church, of which his wife is a member also, and both are excel- lent people. Elder William L. Grim. Elder William L. Crim, a prominent citizen of Deming Township, was born in Washington County, Ind., December 1, 1829. His father, Jesse, born in Shelby County, Ky., in 1799, settled in Indiana in 1816, and in 1858 came to Illinois. The grandfather, John Crim, of Virginia, was a pioneer of Ken- tucky, where he was killed by the Indians while in the cornfield at work. Jesse married Lucinda, daughter of George Churchill, formerly of Kentucky, who died near Springfield, 111. Jesse was formerly a merchant at Martinsburg and Greenville, Ind., but afterward a farmer, and settled near the home of our subject, where he died in 1859. The mother, born in Henry County, Ky., died at the home in Franklin County, 111., in 1867. Our subject, the fourth child of six sons and five daughters, was raised on the farm, and the limited education received there he has greatly improved by his studious habits. August 26, 1862. he enlisted in the Fifth Indiana Cavalry under Col. Gra- ham, and was engaged in the battles of Strawberry Plains, Dan- dridge, and actions of less note in East Tennessee, then with Sherman from Dalton to Atlanta. In his early service he was captured by Morgan's men in Kentucky and taken to Libby 774 FKANKLIN COUNTY. prison, but soon after was paroled. He was on the Stoneman raid from Atlanta to Macon, and just before the surrender he with a small squad cut their way through the enemy's lines and escaped. After sixteen days and nights, mostly without food, he reached Marietta, Ga. June 15, 1865, he was honorably discharged at Pulaski, Tenn. In 1861 he married Mary M., daughter of Einehart Ratts, a farmer, native of North Carolina. Their children are Alvah M., Charlie W., Susan E., Clara, Louie M. and William Clinton. His wife was born April 9, ISil, in Washington County, Ind. He is a Republican, at present candi- date for representative, and is a member of the G. A. R. Since 1869 he has been a popular and earnest minister of the Christian Church, of which his wife is a member. He has a fine home and farm of 160 acres in Deming Township. Andeew J. Crisp. Andrew J. Crisp, liveryman, was born in Crittenden County, Ky., December 18, 1848, the son of John and Leah (Brantley) Crisp, natives of Kentucky. The father came to Franklin County in 1866, locating on his present farm in Cave Township. Our subject first engaged in the livery business in Thompsonville, in 1881, and still has an interest in the business there in company with Walker W. McCreery, who has active charge of the busi- ness there. In August, 1885, he started his present business in a building now owned by J. J. Hudson, near his hotel. He had the leading business of the kind in town, with a first class stock and several fine turnouts. He sold out his livery business at Thompsonvillle, April 10, 1887, and started the same business at Benton, with W. W. McCreery for a partner. In December, 1879, he married Libby J. Odle, of this county. Their two chil- dren are Cora Alice and Nellie. He is a Republican in politics, and a member of the F. & A. M. order. biographical appendix. 775 Thomas Ceoslin. Thomas Croslin, farmer, was born in West Tennessee in 1822, the son of Thomas and Nancy (Teal) Croslin. The father, a farmer, born in Virginia in 1778, went to what is now Coffee County, Tenn., in his youth, a pioneer of that region, married and afterward moved to West Tennessee. In 1824 he moved to Mor- gan County, 111. A year later he returned to Coffee County, and for several years after 1828 lived in the Cherokee Nation, Ala. In 1844 he came to Williamson County, 111., and bought a farm on which he died in 1865. His wife, a native of South Carolina, died the year before. Three of their four children are living. Our subject remained with his parents until 1844 he came to " Suckerdom," In 1846 he married Elvira, daughter of John T. and Jane Carter, and a native of Smith County, Tenn. Their children are John, Alonzo, Smith, Louella and Alice. He lived in Williamson County until 1858, when he bought property in Parrish, and cleared the site of the village. In December, 1861, he enlisted in Company I, Fifty-sixth Illinois Infantry, for three years or for the war, and fought at Fort Donelson, Shiloli, Mission Eidcre, Chickamauo^a, Kenesaw Mountain, Nashville and numer- ous skirmishes, not wounded or captured, but permanently injured by sickness. He was discharged July 14, 1865, at Springfield, 111. He lived at Parrish until 1881, when he bought his present farm of seventy acres. He is a Eepublican, first voting for Polk. He is a member of the F. M. B. A., and he and his Avife are members of the Baptist Church. Nehemiah Davis. Nehemiah Davis, a pioneer and farmer, was born in 1827, in Gallia County, Ohio, the eleventh of twelve children (four deceased) of Nehemiah, Sr., and Mary (Allison) Davis, the for- mer of Enoflish stock, born in 1778 in Maine, and the latter born in 776 FRANKLIN COUNTY. January, 1789, in Pittsburgh, Penn., of Irish lineage. The father lived in Marietta, Ohio, when a young man, and cleared part of the site of Cincinnati. The mother also lived there from the age of three to ten in the old fort, and after the Indian war her father moved up the Muskingum Eiver about fourteen miles, where she was reared. She married in April, 1805. After her marriage they settled on Sugar Creek about four miles north of Athens, and after the birth of their fifth child moved to Gallia County. In 1839 they came to the wilderness in Hamilton County, and settled near the Franklin line, where our subject's brother, Reuben, is now living. Here, in 1854, after he had seen his family of twelve children all married and in homes, he died. The mother, when forty years old, began medical practice, and during her long fifty years' of practice never lost a patient of the more than 1,000 births she attended. She died in October, 1882, at the age of ,ninety-four. Our subject was educated in Hamilton and his native Counties, and when of age began farm- ing on his farm, the gift of his father. When twenty-three he married and lived with his parents a year, and settled on a larger tract traded for with his father. In March, 1857, he sold this and moved to Centralia, 111., but a year later returned, and after a year of renting moved to his present farm. His wife, Mary, daughter of William and Sarah (Dabney) Sturman, was born in July, 1830, in Hamilton County. Their chil- dren are William F. (deceased), Louisa J. (wife of D. John- son) and Lewis J. (deceased in infancy) twins, Henry G., Sarah M. (wife of F. E. Alexander), Charles L., Joseph N., Adolphus M., Nehemiah J. (deceased) and Alvin E. He owns 180 acres of land. Formerly a Democrat, he has been a Greenbacker since 1876. He voted for Lewis Cass, also for Peter Cooper. For twenty years he has been an Odd Fellow, and filled all the chairs in the subordinate lodges, which he represented in the BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 777 grand lodge of the State. He is a member of the F. M. B. A., and his wife is a member of the Kegular Baptist Church. Melvin B. Dimmick. Melvin B. Dimmick, proprietor of the "Dimmick Hotel," Frankfort, was born in Broome County, N. Y., December 27, 1833, the son of Constant and Sallie (Lyon) Dimmick. The father, born in Cayuga County, N. Y., in 1800, went to Broome County, and in 1824 married, owned a good farm and entered a tract on the site of Binghampton, N. Y. He died in 1852 in Broome County, N. Y. Three of five children are living: Marvin C, of Lisle, N. Y. ; Aaron L., of Frankfort, and Melvin B; Our sub- ject was educated in Lisle, and Avorked on his father's farm as long as the latter lived. October 11, 1853, lie married Emma J. Wheaton, daughter of George W. and Abigail (Underwood) Wheaton, born in Broome County, N. Y., in 1813 and 1812 respectively. Her father died in 1860, but her mother still lives in Binghampton, N. Y. Mrs. Dimmick was born in Broome County, N. Y., in 1833. Tlieir children are Eva J. (wife of Josiah Haines), George D., Frank AV. and Maud E. In April, 1854, he came to Franklin County, and settled on Garrett's Prairie, and bought 1(30 acres of land. In August, 1861, he enlisted in Company C, Thirtieth Illinois Cavalry, under Gen. Logan's command, and one year later in the independent companies organized into the Fifteenth Illinois Cavalry, and was at Forts Henry and Donelson, Shiloh, Kesaca, Corinth, Missionary Ridge, Kenesaw Mountain, Vicksburg, Atlanta, and Jackson, Miss., and was fortunate in being neither captured nor wounded. He was discharged August 2-4, 1804, and returned home. In 1807 he traded his farm for Frankfort property, Avhere he has since resided, and in the fall opened the hotel, besides which he attends to his farm of 138 acres. His hotel is first class. He is a Republican, first voting for Fremont. His wife is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 778 FRANKLIN COUNTY. S. H, DOEEIS. S. H. Dorris, farmer, was born in Robertson County, Tenn., in 1842, and when a boy came with his mother to Illinois and set- tled in Williamson County, the father having died in 1854 in Tennessee, The father, S. L., was born in 1800 in Eobertson County, Tenn., and was a farmer. He married, in Tennessee, Nancy J. Beasley, who was born in North Carolina in 1803, and died in Williamson County in 1881. She was buried in Williamson Prairie Cemetery. Of six sons and four daughters our subject is the fifth, and was reared on the farm. In August, 1862, he enlisted in the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Illinois Infantry under Col. R. M. Hunley, was detailed as Gen. Logan's body-guard, and one year later discharged on account of disabil- ity. In 1865, in Williamson County, he married Lydia S., daugh- ter of W. P. Duncan, a farmer, born in Illinois August 14, 1806. She was born in Williamson County January 28, 1838. Her father and mother, Frances (Spiller) Duncan, were married July 27, 1820. The former died May 18, 1877, and the latter, born in Robertson County, Tenn., November 7, 1807, died September 18, 1883, at Lake Creek, Williamson County. Our subject's children are William S. and Henry H., born respectively Febru- ary 5, 1876, and March 26, 1882. Two sons and one daughter are dead. He is an old line Democrat, first voting for John Bell. He is a Mason, and he and his wife are members of the Christian Church. He has a fine farm of sixty acres seven miles south- west of Benton. Dr. James A. Durham. Dr. James A. Durham was born in Saline County, 111., March 22, 1831, a son of Asabel and Jane (Stembridge) Durham, both natives of Tennessee. The father first located in Saline County in 1825, where he reared his family of fourteen children, four sons and two daughters of whom are now living. In September, 1849, he moved to this county, and farmed successfully six miles BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 779 north of Benton until his death, June 12, 1854:. Our subject was reared on the farm, receiving little or no education until by his own eflPorts after manhood. He studied medicine under Dr. Ben- nett Scarborough, his father-in-law, began practice in the fifties and has been a successful practitioner of the eclectic school ever since. He has also given attention to farming, and in November, 1886, in company with David Lyon, he began operat- ing the old grist-mill of Benton, which they are now successfully conducting. June 1(3, 1854, he married Frances C. Scarborough, a native of Indiana. They have eight sons. He is a Republican, and was a member of the county court three years, as commis- sioner. In 1862 he enlisted as private in Company C, Fifteenth Illinois Cavalry, and was hospital steward most of his service. He was mustered out at New Orleans in May, 1865. Since 1854 he has been an Odd Fellow, and is a member of the Missionary Baptist Church, of which he has been pastor for two years, ever since his ordination. He has always been an active Sunday- school worker and was president of the County Sunday-school Association for three years. Nephthali a. Durham. Nephthali A. Durham was born in AV^arren County, Tenn., February 21, 1826, the son of Asahel and Jane Stembridge Durham, natives respectively of North Carolina and Virginia. Our subject came with his parents to Saline County, where he was reared to manhood. Early in life, he began the study of dentistry. He studied under Dr. J. Simmons, professor of the State Board of Dentistry of Alabama, and practiced successfully in the Southern States until 1852, when he came to Benton. He practiced here and at Duquoin, his home, and through southern Illinois until 1871. He had invented an improved dental forceps, consisting of one handle arranged to operate a full set of adjustable beaks, and, in 1872, having secured a patent, went East and 780 FEANKLIN COUNTY. organized a stock company at Hartford, Conn., with a capital of $50,000, for the purpose of manufacturing this instrument. He was elected president of the company, and it had operated but a year or so, when, in the panic of 1873, " it went to the wall " with numerous other enterprises throughout the land. He remained in Hartford eight years practicing dentistry. In 1879 he returned to Illinois, and soon to Kansas and Indian Ter- ritory, and later to the Southern States, and finally, in 1884, settled in Benton, where he is now practicing. In 1853 he married Mary C. Stiegall, of Benton, who died in 1863, in Duquoin, leaving four children — two sons now living: Edward, in Hartford, Conn., in the employ of a railroad company, and Charles, superintendent of a paint factory in Philadelphia. Both are married. Our subject is independent in politics, and a spiritualist in religious views, having devoted much attention to this faith in his travels, and with Dr. Dunn, of Duquoin, published a book, "Life among the Angels," a series of communica- tions from the spirit of Joseph Miller. He is now compiling a. work treating on revelations from a high order of spirits. He was president of and instrumental in the organization of the first spiritualist society in Duquoin. He is a Mason. William L. Eskew. William L. Eskew, lumber dealer, was born in Wilson County, Tenn., February 9, 1837, the son of Alfred and Newranry (Lane) Eskew, natives of North Carolina. Our subject was reared and educated in his native State, came to Illinois in 1869, and fol- lowed carpentering and cabinet-making. In 1879 he established a lumber and building material business — the first in Benton — and has since built up the leading trade of the kind in the county. His present large warehouse was built in the spring of 1884. November 1, 1860, he married Sarah L. Goldston, of Tennessee. Their only child is Madeline H. He is a Democrat politically, BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 781 and has held various local ofl&ces since his residence here. He is. a member of the Christian Church, and one of Benton's most reliable men. Egbert H. Flannigan. Kobert H. Flannigan, Esq., attorney at law and justice of Benton, was born in Hamilton County, October 23, 1847, the son of Kobert H, and Elizabeth (Cantrell) Flannigan, natives of North Carolina and Tennessee respectively. The father came to Illinois in 1817, and was a prominent and influential citizen of Hamilton County, being a magistrate and associate judge of the county. He afterward moved to Phelps County, Mo., where he was county judge, and where he died in November, 1884, on the bench. Our subject was reared in his native county, and edu- cated at the southern Illinois College, and later at the normal school of Carbondale. In 1869 he began the study of law at McLeansboro, under Hon. R. W. Townshend, and afterward at the law school at St. Louis. Since 1871 he has been practicing more or less in Benton. In 1876 he was elected circuit clerk, filling the o£&ce one term of four years efficiently. Since then he has been devoted to his practice. He was also master of chancery for four years, and in 1886 was elected magistrate to fill a vacancy caused by the death of E. R. Evans, Esq. He is also success- fully engaged in real estate. October 28, 1877, he married Emma St. Clair, of this county. Their only son is Charles C. Mr. Flannigan has always been a Democrat, and as such elected to his various offices. He is a prominent Mason, an Odd Fellow, and a member of the K. of H., and of the Missionary Baptist Church. D. W. Frailey. D. W. Frailey, farmer and mechanic, was born in Hardin County, in 1841, the sixth of seven children of Daniel and Mollie Frailey. The father was born in Tennessee, married in Ken- tucky, and afterward settled in Hardin County, where he 782 FRANKLIN COUNTY. remained as a farmer until his death by lightning, in 1855. He was married three times, and his second wife is the mother of our subject, who was a child when she died. After his father's death our subject began at thirteen for himself, by working on a| farm. He had a fair common-school education, and in 1862 enlisted in Company F, Fifteenth Kentucky Cavalry, and after active service was discharged in the fall of 1863, the expiration of his enlistment. In 1864 he married Emma Wilkinson. Their children are William R., Daniel A., Ida, Martha and Lula. His wife died in 1877, and he married his present wife, Anna, a native of Hardin County. Their children are Henry A., Jacob F. and Edward C. In 1883 he left Hardin County, and since then has lived on his present farm of 100 acres, in Franklin County, all the fruit of his own efforts. He is a Democrat, and first voted for McClellan. He is a member of the Farmer's Mutual Benefit Association, and he and his wife are members of the Christian Church. Dk. S. Hamilton. Dr. S. Hamilton, police magistrate and collection agent, was born in Crawford County, Penny slvania, in 1820, the son of Abram and Sarah (McCall) Hamilton. The father, a farmer, of Irish descent and born in the Keystone State, died about 1828, and the mother, likewise a native of Pennsylvania, and of Scotch origin, spent her life in her native State. But three of their nine chil- dren are living: Nancy, wife of Edward Northau, Meadsville, Penn. ; Phoebe, living in Titusville, Penn., and our subject, who was but about eight years old when his father died. His education was what could be gotten in the log country school - house three months out of the year. His uncle, Samuel McCall, reared him then until he began for himself in his fourteenth year. He worked for a year or two on the river and when sixteen began learning the carpenter's trade. After he finished he worked BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 783 at his trade about ten years until his health failed, and he began the study of medicine, to aid himself in which he took up daguer- reotyping for two years. In 184:1 he married Lucinda M. Akins, a native of Pennsylvania. Their five children are all deceased. In 1850 he took the "gold fever" and made an overland trip to California, but was compelled to return in a year on account of the effect of the climate on his delicate constitution. He entered upon his practice, and in 1855 graduated from the Ameri- can Medical College of Cincinnati (now the Eclectic Medical College). In the fall following he began practicing at Old Frankfort, then after a year in Belknap, 111., practicing and as justice, he settled in Thompsonville in 1879 where he has since resided. In 1859 he lost his wife and he then married, the same year, Mary J. Eoundtree, a native of Indiana. Of their three children, Perry W., a clerk in Thompsonville, is living. Our subject is the oldest physician in the county, and while at Old Frankfort was the head physician and surgeon in the county, but for the past two or three years he has practically withdrawn from practice on account of his health. He is one of the first settlers of the village of Thompsonville, its first jDOstmaster, opened the first drug store, in his residence was preached the first sermon, and as far as known his Union sentiments expressed themselves in the first unfurling of a flag in Franklin County, after peace was declared. Formerly a Whig and first voting for Ciay, he has since been a Kepublican. In 1881 he was elected justice and has since been re-elected. He is a Master Mason, Odd Fel- low and member of the G. A. E. August 21, 1862 he enlisted in the Eighty-first Illinois Volunteers, under Col. Dollins, as assistant surgeon, and was detached in hospital duty chiefly, being at Cairo and with Grant in the Mississippi campaign, shortly after which he resigned on account of disability, and was discharged at Holly Springs December 14, 1862. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. His wife 784 FRANKLIN COUNTY. is proprietor of the " Hamilton Hotel " and keeps an excellent house. Francis O. Harrison. Francis O. Harrison, M. D. and druggist, was born in Frank- lin County, in 1846, the first of two children of Christopher and Mary (Swain) Harrison. The father, born in 1824 in Franklin County, the son of Lemuel Harrison, a native of North Carolina and a pioneer of influence in Franklin County, was married when about twenty-one and located on a farm near Christopher. He died of cholera in 1849 while en route for California and was buried at Independence, Mo. The town here received its name from him, the name being suggested by our subject. The father was with Henry N. Harrison, who, after the father's death con- tinued on to California, was gone about two years, returned, and about 1852 married subject's mother; they lived together until he died, in 1873. Their family consisted of two boys and seven girls, only four of the children now living — one boy and three girls — all living in this county except one of the girls, Hester, who married and moved to the State of Kansas. F. O. Harrison is a member of the Illinois State Eclectic Medical Association, and has a Tontine policy of |2,000 of the New York Life Insurance Company. The mother, born in Tennessee, died in 1876, about fifty-two years old and a member of the Christian Church. She was twice married, the second time about 1852 to Henry N. Har- mion, a cousin of her first husband, Christopher Harrison. The Doctor, educated in the common schools, began life as a farmer and so continued for several years. In 1868 he married Mariah, daughter of William and Lucy Burkitt, of Franklin County. She died in August, 1881, and in 1882 he married Emily, a sister of his first wife. Their children are Lottie B, and Noba F. About 1873 he began studying medicine under Drs. James Eay and W. J. Walker, of Mulkeytown, and in 1878 graduated from the Eclectic Medical Institute at Cincinnati. Since 1875 he has BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 785 succeeded in establishing a large practice near the place of his birth, and stands high in his profession. In 1885 he estab- lished his drug business also. He owns also 100 acres of highly cultivated and improved laud, all the fruit of his own ability. He has long been a member of the school board. He is a Bepub- lican, first voting for Hayes. His wife is a member of the Chris- tian Church, of which he is a strong supporter. Theodore P. Harrison. Theodore P. Harrison, clerk of Franklin County Court, was born in this county, October 29, 1855, the son of Belus F, and Catherine J. (Lipe) Harrison, natives, respectively, of Franklin and Perry Counties, 111. The father was a respected citizen and a justice in Barren Township, where he lived most of his life, dying in Benton in November, 1878. The mother died in 1872. Our subject, reared and educated in his native county, taught school for five or six years, until December, 1882, when he was elected to his present position, and re-elected in 1886 for another term of four years. He has always been an active Democrat and a political worker. He is a Master Mason, and is justly recog- nized as one of Benton's popular ofl&cials and enterprising citizens. Dr. James T. Harris. Dr. James T. Harris, physician and surgeon, was born in Cheatham County, Tenn., January 16, 1850, the son of James T. and Charlottie (Lewis) Harris. The father was born December 26, 1819, in Tennessee, and was a farmer by occupation. In 1854 he went to Williamson County, 111., where he has since resided. He owns 160 acres, and resides in Lake Creek Town- ship. His wife was born in Tennessee, and died in 1868. He has been married three times and is the father of eleven children — ten by his first marriage, and one by his last. Dr. James T., the fifth by his first wife, was four years old when he came to Illi- 786 FEANKLIN COUNTY. nois, was educated at EAving College, and had one term at Carbondale. When twenty, he became a pedagogue, teaching in Williamson County for six years. During this time he began reading medicine, and in 1877 commenced study under Dr. W. J. Burgess for one year. The following year he entered Mis- souri Medical College, St. Louis, and graduated in 1879. He located at Carterville, and in 1881-82 practiced at Thompson- ville; for three years, then, he was at Clear Springs, Mo., and in 1885 he came to Frankfort and resumed practice. March 9, 1873, he married Nancy J., daughter of Thomas S. and Matilda A. Clayton, born in 1857, in Franklin County. Their chil- dren are Mary L., Lou N., Minnie B., John M., Dollie M. and Fannie L. He is one of the leading physicians of Frankfort, and during his short residence has built up a lucrative practice. He is a Republican, and first voted for Grant. He and his wife are members of the Christian Church. He has been a Sunday-school superintendent. Zachaeiah Hickman, M. D. Zachariah Hickman, M. D., was born in Wilson County, Tenn., June 24, 1838, the son of Snowden and Frances (Newman) Hick- man, natives, respectively, of North Carolina and Virginia. Our subject was raised in his native county, and gained his literary education at Cumberland University. He began the study of medicine when twenty years old, and graduated from the medical department of the University of Nashville (now Vanderbilt) in 1861. He came to Saline County, 111., the same year and located at Raleigh, from which place he entered the One Hundred and Tenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry as assistant surgeon, serving six or seven months, when he resigned and began the practice of his professi(5n at Raleigh. In the spring of 1865 he removed to Benton and has ever since been in practice with exceptional suc- cess. July 3, 1861, he married Julia C. Johnson, a native of Wisconsin. They have three sons and three daughters. Dr. BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 787 Hickman is a Democrat, a Master Mason and a member of the Missionary Baptist Church. He is one of Benton's reliable citi- zens and a medical man of ability and high standing in Franklin County. John P. Hill. John P. Hill, farmer and mechanic, was born in Kandolph County in IS 30, the sixth of eight children of Samuel and Eliza- beth Kauady, who moved to Illinois in 1818, and located first in Randolph then in Washington County, where they died in 1813 and about 1855 respectively. Both were members of the Asso- ciate Reformed Church for many years. The father was a volun- teer in the war of 1812, and several years a constable in Hlinois. Our subject was educated in the common schools and remained at home until of age. In January, 1853, he married Martha A., daughter of John and Nancy Baze, of Perry County, where she was born. Their children are Ellen, Martha J. (wife of George Rone), John P. (of Missouri), Robert S. and Samuel H. She died July 10, 1882, a devout member of the Christian Church. He first located in Perry County, then went to Jefferson County in 1858, and in 1865 removed to Franklin County, where he has since made his home. He has acquired a good farm of seventy acres, six miles north of Thompsonville, having begun life with nothing. He served about nine months in Company D, Twelfth Illinois Infantry, enlisting October 1, 1864, continuing to the close. He is a Democrat and first voted for Pierce. Through exposure he has lost his general health and has since been a cripple, and now receives a pension. James B. Hill. James B. Hill, a farmer, Avas born in 1843 in Hamilton County, 111. (For sketch of parents, see J. W. Hill's sketch.) Our subject was educated in the common schools of Franklin County and at Ewing High School. When eighteen he left 788 FRANKLIN COUNTY. home and spent six years in the Rocky Mountains at mining. He then returned and spent two years at home, and when twenty- six married and settled on his present farm in Ewing Township. His wife, Rebecca A. Spillman, was born in 1845 in Indiana. Their children are Margaret (deceased), Robert P., James J., Sarah J., Alice, a deceased infant daughter, John D. and Rebecca A. She died in 1883. In 1885 he married Martha J., daughter of John J. and Martha (Johns) Link, who was born in 1855 in Wilson County, Tenn. William J. is their only child. Our subject owns about 100 acres of land, 140 of which is well improved. He is considered one of the leading citizens of the county, and besides serves in township offices, he has served as supervisor in the county board. Our subject is a Democrat and cast his first vote for Greeley in 1872, because previous to that he lived in the Territories. He is a member of Ewing Lodge, F. & A. M., and Shiloh Lodge, F. M. B. A., also a member of the Missionary Baptist Church. John W. Hill. John W. Hill, farmer and trustee of Ewing College, was born in 1850 in Franklin County, the sixth of twelve children (two deceased) of John W., Sr., and Margaret (Beaty) Hill, the former of German-English stock, born in 1823 in Hamilton County, and the latter partly of Irish origin, born in 1822 in Alabama. The mother lived when a child in Missouri and then in Franklin County, where she was married about 1840 to our subject's father. The father was a farmer near Ewing College, and held many public offices before his death July 30, 1876. Among others he was county judge, treasurer, and associate justice for many years. The mother is still living on the old homestead. Our subject was educated at Ewing High School and college. When twenty-one he married and settled on his farm in Ewing Township. After trading farms several times he has BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 789 finally settled in Section 15, on a farm bought in 1884 His wife, Margaret J., daughter of James and Sarah McCoy, was born in 1850 in Ohio, and came here when a mere child. From 1870 to about 1880, our subject has also been a teacher. From a beginning of nothing he has now succeeded in becoming the owner of the farm on which Judge Duff was partly reared, one of the best eighty-acre farms in the county. In February, 1887, he was elected trustee of Ewing College, and has been secretary of the county agricultural society for the past twelve years. All the brothers are Democrats. Our subject first voted for Greeley. He is secretary of the F. & A. M., Ewing Lodge, and has been for ten years. He has been representative of the I. O. O. F. lodge, also for the same length of time, and is also a member of the encampment. His wife is a member of the Primitive Baptist Church. W. H. Hill. W. H. Hill, farmer, was born in Sullivan County, Tenn., in 1830, the eldest of fourteen children of G. B. and Lucy A, (Christian) Hill. The father, born in North Carolina about 1805, was the son of William Hill, Sr., who went to Sullivan County, Tenn., when G. B. was a boy, and there died. The father married in our subject's native county about 1829, and in 1859 came to Franklin County and farmed until his death in 1885. He was in the Black Hawk war. The mother, born in Virsfinia about 1815, died about 1879. Both were members of the Mission- ary Baptist Church. Our subject's school life was in Claiborne County, Tenn., and he began life at such employment as he could obtain on a farm, at $1 per month. In 1856 he married Nancy L., daughter of Joseph and Margaret Smith, a native of Monroe County, Tenn. Her parents were natives of Virginia. Seven of her eight children are living: Frank M., George W., Lucy A,, Laura L,, Byron L,, Sarah and Walter, After about two years in Macoupin County, 111,, he has since 1869 made his home in 790 FEANKLIN COUNTY. Franklin County. He owns 120 acres of good, cultivated land, three miles northeast of Mulkeytown. He is a succesful financier and farmer. In 1862 he enlisted in Company F, One Hundred and Tenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and was in all actions from Murfreesboro to Savannah without being either wounded or cap- tured, and served until the war closed. Formerly a Whig and first voting for Scott, he has since been a Republican. He is a member of the F. M. B. A. Joseph J. Hudson. Joseph J. Hudson, the well-known and popular hotel man of Benton, 111., was born in Franklin County, February 9, 1835, the son of Thomas H. and Mahala (Manion) Hudson, natives of Kentucky. Our subject's father died when Joseph was five years old, and he was reared to manhood on a farm, having to do for himself early in life. He followed farming in Eastern Township until 1877, when he came to Benton the following year and built the Hudson Hotel, which he has since conducted successfully. The hotel is a substantial two-story frame building of twenty-eight rooms, furnished in the best style throughout, and the most popular place for the best traveling patronage there is in Benton. He also owns and conducts a first-class restaurant there. Jan- uary 20, 1867, he married Sarah A. Cunningham, of this county. In August, 1862, he enlisted in the One Hundred and Tenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, serving as private one year. He is a Democrat, and never has aspired to office. He is a Master Mason, and recognized as one of Benton's reliable citizens. Ulysses Hutson, M, D. Ulysses Hutson, M. D., a farmer, was born in 1848 in Bar- ren Township, the eldest of six children of Moses and Mariam J. (Greenwood) Hutson, natives of Illinois, born in 1819 and 1824 respectively. The father is of English ancestry, the son BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 791 of Chamberlain Hutsou, one of the early pioneers of Franklin County, and by occupation a farmer and horse trader. Moses was reared in Franklin County, married in 1846, and has since made the county his home, as a well-to-do farmer of Barren Township. The mother died about 1861, a member of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church. The Doctor lived in the old home until his twenty-seventh year. He had been educated in the common schools and at Ewiug College, and spent several years as a pedagogue, one term of which was in Texas, during 1871-72. October 5, 1875, he married Florence M., daughter of William and Kebecca (Allen) Wheeler, a native of Sumner County, Tenn., born in 1857. Her parents were natives of New York and Tennessee respectively. Clarence O., Clara A. and Lillie M. are their children. His brother. Dr. E. G. Hutson, noAV of Benton, was his preceptor in medicine one year, and in 1875 he entered the Missouri Medical College, St. Louis, but graduated from the American Medical College there, in 1878. He was at that time located in Plumfield, where he remained in practice until 1884, since when he has been in his present practice in Tyrone Township, as one of the successful, leading physicians of the county, who has been remarkably successful. He owns 180 acres of good land, ninety of which are in cultivation, and is sit- uated one mile northwest of Benton — -all gained, from a beginning of nothing, by energy, financial ability and careful attention. He is a Democrat, and first voted for Tilden. He is a prom- inent member of the F. & A. M., K. of H. and F. M. B. A. fra- ternities. His wife is a member of the Missionary Baptist Church. Dr. Euphrates G. Hutson. Dr. Euphrates G. Hutson, druggist, was born in Franklin County, October 6, 1850, the son of Moses and Jane (Greenwood) Hutson, both natives of Illinois. Our subject's grandfather, Chamberlain Hutson, was one of the early pioueers of this coun- 792 FRANKLIN COUNTY. try, and was a native of North Carolina, born about 1779. At the beginning of the present century, he first located in Hardin- County, 111., and in 1815 in Franklin County, where he was a prominent farmer and stock raiser. Our subject was reared here, studied medicine, and finally graduated from the Missouri Medical College, of St. Louis, in 1878. He practiced several years, and in 1880 engaged in the drug business, also continu- ing his practice two years longer, when he abandoned it, and has since been exclusively devoted to his drug business, in which he controls the leading trade of the county. December 10, 1884, he married Margaret E. Ford, a native of Perry County, III. Their children are Stella E. and a son, Seba Ford. He has always been a Democrat, is a Mason and a member of the K. of H. He is one of Benton's most reliable men. H. K. Jones. H. K. Jones, farmer, was born in Robertson County, Tenn., September 13, 1816, and when but a year old his father, Reuben, brought him to Illinois, where they remained but one year, and returned. The father, born in North Carolina, went with his parents to Robertson County, Tenn., when a child. He was a farmer, and became a soldier under Gen. Jackson in the battle of New Orleans. When of age, he married Temperance Mason, and died in Robertson County, May 8, 1857. He was buried in his garden six miles west of Springfield, and the mother, whose par- ents came from North Carolina, died September 5, 1878, near Clarksville, Montgomery County. Our subject, the eldest child of two sons and four daughters, was reared on the farm, with no great advantages in education, and September 12, 1836, he mar- ried Mary, daughter of Joseph Eddings, a farmer, native of North Carolina. Their children are Joseph W., John T., Martha A., Julia E., Mary F., Cave J., William M. and Jesse M. George E. died May 12, 1862, at Camp Butler, during the war. Mrs. BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 793 Jones, born in Tennessee, January 6, 1815, died November 5, 1880. Our subject was married in Franklin County, November 13, 1881, to Susan A., daughter of Robert and Martha Jones. Their children are Sophia and Le Roy K., born respectively August 23, 1883, and March 2(3, 1886. She was born in Saline County July 6, 1854. Her sisters, Martha J. (deceased) and Marion S., were born respectively July 12, 1852, and June 12, 1856. Her father died October 10, 1855, and her mother, born in Saline County, in 1833, is now living near Frankfort. Our subject has a well improved farm of 140 acres twelve miles south of Benton. William R. Jones. William R. Jones, ex-sheritf of Franklin County, was born in the same, August 2, 1848, the son of Wylie and Elizabeth J. (Chenault) Jones, natives respectively of this county and Ten- nessee. Our subject was reared on a farm, and secured a good education at Ewing College. He began the study of law under Judge Duff after leaving college, and in 1868 was admitted to the bar. He practiced but a little time, and then engaged in the mercantile business in Benton until 1875, also running a grist-mill part of this time. He then engaged in farming and stock dealing. In 1880 he was elected sheriff of Franklin County, and re-elected in 1882, his last term expiring in 1886. Since then he has given his attention to farming, and also acted as deputy sheriff. August 7, 1871, he married Rosella M. Wil- banks, of this county. Three daughters are living. Mr. Moore is a Democrat, and as such was elected to the office of sheriff. He is a Mason and a member of the I. O. O. F. and K. of H., and is one of Franklin's reliable citizens. Allen Jones. Allen Jones, farmer and stock dealer, was born in Franklin County, in 1836, the second of six children of Chaldon and Martha (Browning) Jones, probably natives of the same county. 794 FEANKLIN COUNTY. Their parents, early pioneers of Franklin County, were married about 1832, and located near Benton where the father died about 1852, and where the mother still lives. He wag a farmer and millwright, erecting the first horse mill built in the county. Nathaniel Jones was the grandfather. The mother is a daugh- ter of John Browning, well known as an early pioneer of con- siderable influence. The father and mother were both members of the Missionary Baptist Church. With a limited education our subject left home at sixteen, and soon saved from his $6 per month enough to buy a small tract of land five miles northwest of Benton. He sold this and bought more, until he now owns 290 acres, finely improved, near Christopher. He was, in 185(3, mar- ried to Altamira Silkwood. Three of their eight children are living: Sarah E., wife of John Neal, of Kansas; Martin T. and Hosea M. The wife died in January, 1874, and in August he married Mrs. Martha F. Winn, nee Spillman. Their only child is Martha. This wife died January 29, 187(3, and September 17, same year, he married Mrs. Sarah E. Blake, wee Mulkey. In 1858 he began in a log cabin, then in the woods, only nine acres cleared, and now has become a large farmer and stock dealer, and a well informed man. He is a Democrat, first voting for Douglas. He is a prominent member of the F. M. B. A. He and his wife are members of the church. C. O. Kelley, M. D. C. O. Kelly, M. D., druggist, was born in 1845 in Ohio County, Ky., the seventh of twelve children (two deceased) of Rev. C. J. and Plina H. (Haynes) Kelley, the former of Irish stock and born in 1818 in Ohio County, Ky., and the latter of Eng- lish lineage, born in the same county in 1823. They were mar- ried and lived there until our subject was eight years old, when they went to Wayne County, 111. He preached there and in White County as a Missionary Baptist minister until 1873, BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 795 when he established the Baptist Banner at Ewing with Rev. Allen, and remained editing and publishing the paper and preaching until the death of his wife in 1876, when he returned to Wayne County, and died in 1878. Our subject was educated in public schools, and when sixteen enlisted in Company E, Seventh Illinois Cavalry, and was in service three years, receiving honor- able discharge at Nashville, in January, 1865. He was at New Madrid, Corinth, luka, Nashville, etc., and while on guard at Coll- ierville, Tenn., in October, 1863, he was captured, and for five months held a prisoner at Belle Isle, Va. He returned to White County, began carpentering, and four years later studied medicine under Dr. Ronalds, of Grayville. In 1869 he married Matilda Cross, who died in 1872. Their only child is Bertha, In 1869-70 our subject attended the Medical College at Louisville, and then began practice at Rochester Mills, twelve miles north of Grayville. In 1871 he moved to Allendale, but a year later returned to Grayville, where his wife died. In 1874 he moved to Ewing, began practice, and soon started his drug business also. In June, 1876, he married Lottie T., daughter of G. W. and Sarah T. (Duncan) Guthrie, of Ewing. Their children are Ralph (deceased), Ovid, Fred C, Sadie and Delia (deceased). In 1879-80 he obtained his diploma from the Missouri Medical Col- lege, St. Louis. Since 1881 when he succeeded in getting the Ewing College postoffice established, he has been postmaster until 1886. He has been so successful in practice that he now owns a fine brick residence, a business block, several town houses and lots and a well stocked farm. He is a Republican, and first voted for Lincoln. By special law he, as a soldier, was enabled to vote before he obtained his majority. He is a Mason. W. A. King. W. A. King, farmer, and one of the founders of Ewing Col- lege, was born April 19. 1826, in Franklin County, the oldest of 796 FKANKLIN COUNTY. eight children (five deceased) of Elijah and Polly (Browning) King, the former of English stock, born in 1803, and the lat- ter in 1806. They were married in Franklin County in 1825, and in 1830 came to Jefferson County, where the father died in 1840. The mother then returned to Franklin County, and settled on a farm in Browning Township, where she died in 1847. Our subject lived at home supporting the family after his father's and until his mother's death, after which he still cared for the children until they were married. In 1851 he married and settled on a tract of laud in Browning Township. In December, 1852, he sold and moved to Ewing Township, where he still resides. His wife, Charlotte C, daughter of Lemuel Harrison, was born in March, 1827, in Franklin County, and died in April, 1876, the mother of seven children. He next married Mrs. Sarah J., widow of Eobert Teague, and daughter of Jordan and Luciuda (Casey) Harris, born in October, 1824, in Bedford County, Tenn., a resident of Perry County, 111., after 1829. The chil- dren by his first marriage are Lavina (deceased), Amanda (deceased wife of Dr. Webb), Aaron Laura (wife of E. Casey), Willis B., Isham and Evaline. Notwithstanding his poverty and early struggles, by faithful and well directed effort, our subject now owns 400 acres, most of which is improved and cultivated, he is also public spirited, being one of the committee and liberal donors of what is now the Ewing Baptist Church. Since the earliest charter of the Ewing educational institutes he has been a trustee, and has for eight years been president of the County Agricultural Society. He has been a deacon of the Missionary Baptist Church since October, 1874 and of Ewing Church since 1874. His wife, Aaron, Willis and Evaline are members of the same church. In June, 1886, he resigned his trusteeship in the college, but the stockholders persisted in retaining him. biographical appendix. 797 "Willis B. King. Willis B. King, farmer, was born in 1839 in Franklin County. (For his parents see sketch of W. A. King.) He was educated in the home schools with his brother, W. A., until of age. He then married and settled in the place he finally purchased, where he now resides. His wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Elijah and Nancy (Clark) "VVebb, was born in 1843 in Franklin County. Their children are Edward 0., Lucy B., Libba P. and Charlotte. Three boys and a girl are deceased. He began as a poor boy, but by persistence and determination he has become owner of 300 acres, 250 of which are cleared and well cultivated, and is now one of the leading farmers of this region. He is a Democrat, and cast his first vote for Douglas in 1860. He and his wife, and Edward and his wife, are members of the Missionary Baptist Church. Thomas J. Layman. Thomas J. Layman, attorney at law of Benton, was born in Franklin County, 111., January 8, 1841, the son of John D. and Nancy (Fitts) Layman, natives, respectively, of Alabama and Ten- nessee. The father came to this county as early as 1825, and fol- lowed farming until his death in 1859. Our subject was reared on the farm and after the father's death soon had to do for him- self. He taught school about three terms in early life, and in 1861 began the study of law under the distinguished Judge Duff of this county. He enlisted in Company C, Eighteenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and served as a non-commissioned officer about one year, when he was discharged on account of disability, and resumed his law studies. In 1862 he was admitted to the bar and has remained in practice ever since with more than an ordinary degree of success. He has also given some attention to farming in connection with law matters. He has always been a Repub- lican. May 14, 1868, he married Elizabeth E. Lemen, of Mon- roe County. Two sons and two daughters are living. He is a 798 FKANKLIN COUNTY. successful man, and is recognized as a lawyer of experience and ability. J. B. Link. J. B. Link, junior member of Link Bros., Ewing, was born in iB-iQ in Wilson County, Tenn. In 1869 he left home and fol- lowed his brother, F. J., to Illinois. After reaching Ewing he attended the high school and college of that place until 1878. During his school attendance he taught through vacations. After that he taught and farmed on his present farm, a mile southeast of Ewing, until in 1881 he bought W. A. Dunbar's share of the stock and thereby became a member of the firm known as Link Bros. On Christmas, 1886, he married Peoria, a daughter of Granville and Sophronia (Johnson) Hungate, of Benton. She was born in 1864 in Hamilton County, 111. Our subject has succeeded well and always given satisfaction as a teacher and disciplinarian, and his property he has accumulated by his industry although hin- dered by a lame leg. He is a Democrat politically, and first voted for S. J. Tilden. Egbert E. Link. Eobert E. Link, secretary of Ewing College, and a prominent farmer, was born in Wilson County, Tenn., December 1, 1832, the youngest of six children (three deceased) of James A. and Catherine (Newman) Link, the former of German stock, born in Halifax County, Va., in 1791, and the latter of English line- age, born in Person County, N. C, in 1791. The father was in the war of 1812 at Norfolk, but was among those who hurried to Washington at the time of its burning by the British. He was married Christmas of 1818 and remained in Halifax County until 1826, when they moved to Wilson County, Tenn., where the mother died in 1811, and the father remarried in 1842 and farmed until his death in 1856. Our subject was edu- cated at the high school of Wilson County and finished at BIOGKAPHICAL APPENDIX. 799 Cumberland University, Lebanon, Tenn. When twenty he began for himself, attending school and teaching until twenty-five, when he taught exclusively, and soon after bought a farm. In July, 186 L, he settled on his present farm inEwing Township. In 1862 he married Eliza J., daughter of Kev. Elijah T, and Nancy (Clark) Webb, of WebVs Prairie. In 1864 he was elected justice for a year, and the following year elected county superintendent, and served until 1873. In 1867, when Ewing High School was organized, our subject was elected secretary by the trustees, an office he has held ever since even under the college charter. His children are William C, M. Accts., principal of the commercial department, Ewing College ; Alice, principal of the musical depart- ment; Effie; Robert E. (deceased); Charles A. (deceased), and Nancy. Our subject, a self-made man, now owns two farms of about 400 acres, one near Benton and the other near Ewing, and divided partly into town lots ; a portion of the former was sold to the county agricultural society. He is a prominent citizen of the county, and one of the ablest guardians of the welfare of the Ewing institutions of learning. Formerly a Whig, and lately a Democrat, he in 1884, voted for St. John. In the last election the Prohibitionists nominated him representative in the Fifty- first Senatorial District for the Legislature, and in 1886 they nominated him for Congress in the Nineteenth Congressional Dis- trict, although he has been no political aspirant. He first voted for Fillmore. He is a demitted Mason, of Benton Lodge. He, his wife and two eldest daughters are members of the Missionary Baptist Church, of which he is an able supporter. Thomas J. Link. Thomas J. Link, senior member of Link Bros., general mer- chants, Ewing, was born in 1845 in Wilson County, Tenn., the second of eight children (two deceased) of John and Martha (Johns) Link, both born about 1820 in Virginia, and married in 800 . FRANKLIN COUNTY. "Wilson County, Tenn., their home from childhood. Our subject attended school in his native county, and before of age served about nine months in the Confederate service. When of age he located at Ewing, Franklin Co., 111., and for six years was a teacher and farmer. Since then he was exclusively devoted to farming, until 1880, when he bought a half interest in the gen- eral merchandise stock of Neal & King, buying the latter's share. In 1882 Neal sold his share to W. A. Dunbar, who a year later sold to our subject's brother, John B. Link Bros, has been the firm name since. His wife, Ann, a daughter of Andrew J. Askew, of Wilson County, Tenn., was born in 1848. Our subject is a hard worker, and one of the best business men in Ewing, where the firm stands high. He owns a good little farm near Ewing, several town lots, besides the one on which he lives; a stone building and lot, and the firm has stock in the Ewing Milling Company. Our subject is a Democrat, and first voted for Sey- mour. He and his wife are members of the Christian Church. Dr. Angus J. McIntyre. Dr. Angus J. McIntyre, physician and surgeon, was born in St. Thomas, Elgin Co., Canada, in 1852, the son of Archibald and Rachael (McKellar) McIntyre, natives of Argyleshire County, Scotland, and born in 1802 and 1811 respectively. In 1831 the father left his native county and immigrated to Canada, where he married, and purchased a farm of 100 acres in Elgin County, engaging in farming and stock raising. He was quite successful in his business pursuits, and assisted two of his sons to buy 200 acres, besides his own 100. He died in 1874, and his wife in 1883. Nine of their ten children are living: Cather- ine, Margaret, Duncan, Archibald, Sarah, John, Dugal, Angus J. and Effie. Our subject was educated at the Collegiate Institute at St. Thomas, and when twenty-three became a teacher, so con- tinuing for three years. In 1878 he began the study of medicine BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 801 under Dr. C. McLarty, of St. Thomas, for one year. The follow- ing year he entered the medical department of the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, and January 30, 1881, he graduated as an M. D. Since November of the same year he has been in his present practice at Thompsonville. June 13, 1883, he married Mamie, a daughter of Dr. R. Poindexter, native of Franklin County. Helen E. is their only child. The Doctor is one of the leading physicians of Franklin County, and has a large and lucrative practice. He is a Master Mason and a Republican, and first voted for Blaine. Prof. Jonathan W. Maddox. Prof. Jonathan W. Maddox, teacher, was born in 1843 in Wilson County, Tenn., the son of Elijah S. and Piety (Williams) Maddox. The father, a farmer born in the same county in 1812, of English stock, was the son of Elijah, Sr., a native of Virginia, and a pioneer of Middle Tennessee, dying in 1866 at the age of one hundred and one years. The father was married in Wilson County, and in 1850 settled on Crawford's Prairie, Franklin County, where he owned 260 acres of fine land. He died in 1880, and the mother, born in 1817, in Wilson County, Tenn., died in 1871. She was the mother of twelve children, four of whom are living: our subject, James H., Martha P. (wife of D. W. Doty) and Sarah (wife of J. W. Ezell), all in Franklin County, Our subject came to Franklin County when seven years old, and was educated in the public schools of that county and in the high school at Marion, in Williamson County. When twenty-three he became a teacher, and has taught ever since, having been engaged more months without intermission than any teacher in Franklin County. His teaching has been confined to Jefferson, Williamson and Franklin Counties, his last term being as prin- cipal of Frankfort school. He is an able instructor and disci- plinarian, and among the leading teachers of the county. In 802 FEANKLIN COUNTY. August, 1862, he enlisted in Company B, Eighty-ninth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, for three years or for the war, and was dis- charged June 10, at Chicago. He was at Stone River, Chicka- mauga, Missionary Ridge, and on to Atlanta, and at Franklin and Nashville, receiving a flesh wound at Chickamauga. In February, 1871, he married Amanda, daughter of John R. and Sidney McKemie, born in 1853 in Franklin County. Their chil- dren are Mattie, Piety, Byron, Frank, Ross, Quincy and Sidney. In politics he is a Republican, first voting for Grant in 1868. He is a Master Mason, and in 1886 was licensed as a local preacher in the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which church his wife also is a member. OVEETON R. MaLLORY. Overton R. Mallory, farmer, was born in Simpson County, Ky., in 1844, the eldest of thirteen children of Rev. Nathan H. and Eliza A. (Wright) Mallory, natives of the same county, born respectively in 1820 and 1825. The father, of English, and son of William Mallory, a native of Virginia, whose father was from England, was reared in his native county, where he was married in 1843, and is still living near the place of his birth and marriage. He was a captain of militia in general muster, and until the last twenty years of his life, which have been devoted to the Methodist Episcopal Church ministry, his attention was given exclusively to his farm. He is an earnest and success- ful minister. Besides his country school education, which our subject received while reared on his old farm, he has educated himself by his own studious habits. In 1862 he enlisted in Company K, Eighth Kentucky Cavalry and operated mostly in Kentucky and Tennessee. He was discharged a year later, at the expiration of his enlistment, when Hon. Benjamin H. Bristow was in command. He then resumed farming, in 1867 moved to Franklin County, and in November, 1869, married Mrs. Samantha L. Brooks, daughter of Abner and Mary Rea. He has since BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 803 made his home on his present farm of 170 acres, 150 of which are Avell cultivated and lie six miles west of Beutou. He is a man of ability, in 1882 was elected magistrate, and re-elected in 1885 to his present term. He is the second largest man in the county, weighing- 305 pounds, and six feet two inches in height. He is a Eepublican, and voted for Grant in 1868. He is president of the Crittenden Lodge, No. 49, F. M. B. A., an elder in the Christian Church and a great Sunday-school worker and sup- porter of his denomination. He has local celebrity as a pulpit and secular orator at celebrations and elsewhere. He has served twelve years as school treasurer of his township. His wife is a member of the same church as her husband. Col. George E. Marvel. Col. George R. Marvel, retired farmer, was born in Gib- son County, Ind., in 1815, the son of Prettyman and Lovina /(Rogers) Marvel, of English descent, born in Delaware in 1758 and 1767 respectively. The father married in his native State, afterward moved to Georgia, thence to Livingston County, Ky., and in the early part of this century settled in Gibson County, Ind., a pioneer farmer in that part of the State, where he bought 200 acres. He died in 1859. The mother died about eighty-two years of age. Our subject, the only survivor of nine children, was educated in the home schools of Gibson County, and August 13, 1835, married Sallie H. McEeynolds, born in Allen County, Ky., April 27, 1820. The parents of our subject were living with him at this time. Their twelve chil- dren are Aceneth E. (wife of G. Mitchell), Prettyman W., John J. (deceased), James E., Wiley H., William T. (deceased), Sarah E. (deceased wife of George Welmore), Lucy J. (wife of J. Plumlee), Lovina J. (deceased), Martha A. (wife of George Weaver), George H. (deceased) and Hattie M. (wife of George Stephens). He had four sons and two sons-in-law in the United 804 FEANKLIN COUNTY. States Army. In 1849 lie moved to Posey County, Ind., and in 1853 came to Franklin County and bought G40 acres in Sections 35 and 36, Cave Township, and has resided in the former section ever since. August 10, 18G1, he enlisted in Company C, Thirty-first Illinois Infantry, Gen. Logan's brigade, as veterinary surgeon. He returned in 1863, and organized the Thirteenth Illinois Cavalry, of which he was colonel until June, 1864, when he resigned on account of deafness. He fought at Belmont, Forts Henry and Donelson, ShiJoh, Corinth, Oxford, Holly Springs, Champion Hill, Black River, Raymond, Yicksburg, and was in numerous skirmishes. He received a flesh wound at Fort Donelson, and was attacked by rheumatism at Cairo, from which he has for the past four months been unable to leave his bed. Four sons were in the army, two of whom died: William at Pine BlufP and John at home. He bears his suffer- ings as the Christian gentleman that he is. He and his wife have been members of the Methodist Episcopal Church many years and of which he has been a steward for the past twenty years. Formerly a Democrat, voting for Van Buren, lie has since the war been a Republican. James F. Mason. James F. Mason, abstracter of land titles, general insurance and real estate agent, was born in Robertson County, Tenn., June 1, 1827, the son of Kinchin C. and Jerusha (Rice) Mason, both natives of North Carolina. The father came to Illinois wdtli his family in 1829, locating in Perry County, then in AVashington County, in 1852, where he now resides, in his eighty-second year. Our subject was reared in Perry County, where he attended com- mon schools. He taught from 1848 to 1854, and then moved to Pinckueyville, 111., and followed milling and mercantile pursuits until the war. In 1863-64 he was sheriff, and magistrate during 1861-63. After his term expired he followed farming until BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 805 18G9, from which time until 1874 he was in the mercantile busi- ness at Benton as clerk and proprietor. A short time in 1872 he was police magistrate, but resigned. In 1874 he was elected sheriff, serving one term, and for two years was deputy county and circuit clerk. Later on he was in the grain and mercantile business for others. Since 1877 he has been in the fire insur- ance business, and increased his business until he now represents the ^tna, Hartford, Phoenix and Connecticut, of Hartford, the Phcenix, of Brooklyn, the Queen, of Liverpool, England, the American Central, of St. Louis, Mo., the Glenn Falls, of New York, and the Niagara, of New York. In 1879 he was elected and served one term as circuit clerk. He has always been a Democrat, and as such elected to his various offices. In 1850 he married Elizabeth Gillespie, of Tennessee, who died in 1881. Seven of their eight children are living. In 1882 he married Mary A. (Penny) Goode, a native of Wilson County, Tenn. He is a Master Mason, and a member of the Missionary Baptist Church. Jesse G. Mitchell. Jesse G. Mitchell was born in i'ranklin County, 111., Febru- ary 19, 1833, the son of Sion H. and Elizabeth (Cook) Mitchell, natives of Wilson County, Tenn. They came to Illinois in the year 1820, and settled in Franklin County, at that time covering the area now embraced in Franklin and Williamson Counties, old Fran kfort being the county seat. Sion H. Mitchell was for some years school commissioner of his county, was in politics an old line Whig, and afterward a Republican. He, with his compan- ion, was prominent among the early pioneer Methodists of this country. Their home was the home of the early itinerant minis- ters ; they were also widely known as campers at the camp-meet- ings of those early days. Father Mitchell was a successful farmer, and successively held the positions of class-leader, stew- ard and exhorter in the Methodist Episcopal Church. They 806 FEANKLIN COUNTY. both died at their post as Christian workers: the mother of the subject of this sketch October 20, 1867, aged about seventy-four years; the father, June 21, 1875, aged nearly seventy-eight years. They raised a family of twelve children — seven sons and five daughters. All lived to be grown and married, seven of whom — four sons and three daughters — still live in southern Illinois. Jesse G. Mitchell, the subject of this sketch, is the seventh son. Until the year 1866 he was a farmer exclusively, being very suc- cessful as a farmer. He engaged, in the fall of 1866, in the mer- cantile business on his farm known as Locust Grove, sixteen miles southeast of Benton, in Cave Township, until the spring of 1880. He then sold his farm and moved to Benton, his present place of residence, where we find him engaged in a large general merchandise store. On the 8th of September, 1853, he was mar- ried to Asenath Ellen, daughter of Col. George R. and Sarah H. Marvel, born in Gibson County, Ind., December 18, 1836. Their children now living are Willis E., a merchant at Eldorado, HI.; Sarah E., wife of Dr. P. S. Pope, in business with Mr. Mitchell; Thomas G., merchant at Eldorado, with Willis E. (the firm being Mitchell Bros.) ; John M., a merchant at Mount Carmel, 111., and Charles E., in business with his father. Mr. Mitchell is a Repub- lican, was many years postmaster at Locust Grove, and has twice been elected member of the county court. He is a Master Mason, Knight of Honor, and member of, and elder in, the Meth- odist Church. He is now most prominent as a successful mer- chant and an earnest Christian worker and minister in his town. Hon. Thomas M. Mooneyham. Hon. Thomas M. Mooneyham, attorney at law, was born in Franklin County, October 17, 1844, the son of Maj. Daniel Mooneyham, whose sketch see elsewhere. Our subject, after his preliminary education, took a special literary course at the State University, at Bloomington, Ind., and also graduated in its law BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 807 department iu February 1866. In May he was admitted to the bar, and began practice in Benton. In 1872 he was elected clerk of the circuit court, and in 1876 was elected to the Lower House of the Illinois State Legislature, to represent the Forty-seventh District, which he did with honor in the Thirtieth General Assembly. He then resumed practice, and continued successfully at Benton until 1880, when he engaged with his father in running the Franklin Grist Mills. In 1886 he resumed practice, and in April was elected supervisor and chairman of the county court, in which position he now serves. He Avas president of the city council until his removal to his farm near Benton, in November, 1886. January 6, 1860, he married Frances M. Threlkeld, a sister of the county superintendent. Two sons and five daughters are living, and three sons deceased. He has always been a Democrat, and as such elected to his various positions. He is Past Senior Warden, of Benton Lodge. No. 64, F. & A. M., an Odd Fellow, has passed all the chairs in the Knights of Honor, and represented them at the Grand Lodge ; is also a member of the Missionary Baptist Church. He is a prominent citizen and member of the legal profession in his county. Daniel Mooneyham. Daniel Mooneyham, of Benton, III, was born in White County, Tenn., November 4, 1823, the son of Shadrich and Lucretia (Ogles) Mooneyham. The father and family came to Illinois in the fall of 1838. He was a blacksmith and farmer by occupation and died here. Daniel was reared on a farm, and secured a com- mon-school education in this county. About 1850 he engaged in the mercantile business in Benton, and following this did stock trading until he enlisted in the One Hundred and Tenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and was elected major of the regiment, serv- ing about six months. He resigned on account of injuries received from his horse. Maj. Mooneyham was also a lieutenant 808 FRANKLIN COUNTY. in the Mexican war, serving one year, and now the only surviv- ing officer of this war in the county. For two years after the late war he followed farming and stock raising, which he still con- ducts, and in February, 1882, he bought the Franklin Grist Mills, which he greatly improved. In 1885 he threw out the buhrs and put in the new roller process, having five double sets of rolls and a capacity of seventy-five barrels per day, employing about half a dozen hands. They have the largest and best trade in the county. January 6, 1842, he married Mary A. Ward, of Hamilton County, who died February 24, 1886, leaving three children: Thomas M., a lawyer of Benton; Nancy J., wife of A, D. Weston, of Benton, and Winfield S. He has always been a Democrat, first voting for Polk. He is a Royal Arch Mason, the oldest Mason in the county, a member of that order since 1847. He is also a member of the Missionary Baptist Church, and one of the few surviving heroes of two wars. John B. Moore. John B. Moore, sheriff of Franklin County, 111., was born in Posey County, Ind., July 13, 1850, the son of Emsley and Jane (Barton) Moore, natives of the same county — Posey. The father removed to this county in 1858, and located on a farm on Craw- ford's Prairie, Frankfort Township, where he has since resided. John B. was reared and educated in this county, following a farmer's life exclusively until 1881, when he accepted a position as deputy sheriff, which he filled in a faithful and able manner. He has always been a Democrat in politics, and as such elected to the office he now holds. In 1869 he married Mary E. Finney, of this county. She died in 1880 leaving three sons, all living. In 1881 he married Jemima A. Clayton, of this county. They have one son and one daughter. Mr. Moore is a Master Mason, a member of the I. O. O. F., and a popular official. biographical appendix. 809 Capt. Carroll Moore. Capt. Carroll Moore was born in Franklin County, 111., September 1, 1837, the son of Joseph and Mary Moore, natives of Tennessee. The father came to Illinois about 1834, after having taken part in the Black Hawk war, and located on a farm three miles east of Benton, where he died in 1818. Our subject was reared and educated in the county, and in 1861 enlisted as sergeant in Company I, Thirty-first Illinois Volunteer Infantry. He was soon made second lieutenant, after the surrender of Fort Donelson, and was commissioned captain after the fall of Vicks- burg, but in command some time previous. He was mustered out at Savannah, Ga., July 5, 1865. On returning home he was appointed United States assistant assessor for this congressional district, and served four years. In 1870 he was elected sheriff of Franklin County, serving two years. He then continued in the mercantile business with John Ward & Co., until the present banking house was established, of which he and W. R. Ward are proprietors. He is now giving his attention to their lumber and grain business, which they carry on in connection with their banking. In April, 1861, he married Narcissa Loyman, of this county, who died in January, 1866. They have two sons living. In June, 1873, he married Dora J. Snyder, of this county. They have two sons and one daughter. He has always been a stanch Republican, and as such was elected sheriff in a county of 300 Democratic majority. He is a Master Mason, and justly recog- nized as one of Benton's most enterprising and reliable business men. W. J. N. Movers. W. J. N. Moyers, judge of Franklin County Court, was born in this county January 9, 1848, the son of Jacob N. and Nancy (Humphrey) Moyers, natives respectively of Kentucky and Illinois. Our subject was reared and educated in his native county, and taught school a few years. In 1871 he began the 810 FRANKLIN COUNTY. study of law under Jud^e Parks, of Duquoin, and was admitted to practice in Kansas in 1873. In 1876 he was elected State's attorney for this county, which position he filled four years. He continued his practice until 188(3, when he was elected county judge. He has always been a Republican, and as such elected to his various positions notwithstanding the fact of the county being Democratic. He is a self-made man. His father died when he was but eight years old, and left his mother and the family for him to support. He served the last year o^ the war in Company I, Sixth Illinois Cavalry. March 7, 1871, he married Cordelia E. Kirkpatrick, of this county. They have two sons and four daughters. He lives on his farm one and a quarter miles west of Benton. He is a Knight of Honor and an Odd Fellow, and one of the county's best citizens. William H. Mulkey. William H. Mulkey, farmer and miller, was born in Mulkey - town in 1841, the third of twelve children of Caleb F. and Lucretia (Scantlin) Mulkey, natives of Jackson County, Tenn., where they were reared and married. They soon located at what is now Mulkeytown, Franklin County, and thereby gave the place its name. He remained there merchandising until 1847, when he went to Six' Mile and purchased property, and began the practice of medicine. He was self-taught, and met with marked success until his death in 1879. He was an able man and served some time as county commissioner and school examiner. The mother died about 1882, and both were members of the Christian Church. Our subject received a limited educa- tion, and in 1861 married Antholine, daughter of Robert and Lavana Thurston, born in 1841 in Franklin County. The next year he enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Twenty- eighth Illinois Infantry, and after seven months service, was dis- charged on account of disability. He returned, and after many BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 811 years' farming as a tenant, nine years ago he secured his present farm of eighty acres of finely improved and cultivated land at Christopher, and of forty acres in another tract. For about seven years he has been tnigaged in saw milling, also. In 1885 he was elected supervisor, and re-elected in 188G. He is a Democrat, and first voted for McClellan. He is a member of the F. M. B. A., and he and his wife are members of tlie Chris- tian Church. Thomas Neal. Thomas Neal, stock dealer, farmer and lumberman, was born in 1839, in Wilson County, Tenn., the third of ten children of Ashley and Elizabeth (Waters) Neal, both of English lineage, born about 1801 in Wilson County, Tenn. They were mar- ried here, where he was farmer and stock dealer until their deaths, the mother dying in 1866, and the father in 1886. Educated in the public schools, our subject came to Illinois when twenty-two and after teaching one term in Clay County, settled in Franklin County as clerk for R. Richeson until 1867, when he became a partner. In 1868 he married- Matilda, daughter of Elder E. T. and Nancy (Clark) Webb, born in 1847 on Webb's Prairie. Their children are Fanny (deceased), Elsie, Jennie, Daisy, Frank A. and Ruble. In 1870 he sold out and settled on his present farm in Ewing; built the first dwelling and store- building in the village; engaged in merchandising, stock- trading and farming, and in 1884 also started and has since man- aged his saw mill. He has succeeded so well in all that he has undertaken that he now owns 280 acres clear of all debt, a two- story business block, a saw mill, several town lots, and is also contractor for the mail route with R. Link. He is treasurer of Ewing College, of which he was trustee, when it was chartered as a high school, and has been tre'asurer of the milling company in which he is interested since its organization, and is consid- ered a leading and prosperous business man not only of Ewing. 812 FEANKLIN COUNTY. but of Franklin County. He is a strong Prohibitionist, and first voted for Lincoln in 1864 His wife is a member of the Primitive Baptist Church. Addison Odum. Addison Odum, blacksmith and wood-workman, was born in what is now Williamson County in 1834, the son of Moses and Lucy (Lawrence) Odum. The father, of English ancestry, born in North Carolina in 1805, was a son of Moses, Sr., and removed to Smith County, Tenn., when but a child, where he was reared, and married about 1824. He soon became a farmer and stock raiser of Williamson County (then Franklin), and served in the Black Hawk war. The mother, German in descent, born in Virginia in 1809, died when our subject was but ten years old. Both were Eegular Baptists. With farm pioneer advantages our subject learned blacksmithing with his brother Dempsey, two years at $5 per month, and drawing wood at night for his clothes. He then was partner until 1859, making over 500 plows in one year, nearly all that broke the soil of Franklin County. He then assumed the business himself until his sons took it up in the last few years. In 1855 he married Eliza- beth, daughter of Joshua and Ann Bartlett, born in Vermont. Their children are Win field S., Nettie (deceased), Mattie, Dempsey, Belle, Ida M. (deceased) and Pearl. In 1878 he was elected justice, but after six months resigned his commission, and for several years, was a member of the board of trustees. In November, 1861, he went to Cairo to visit two brothers in the army there, and joined the Thirty-first Illinois, as they were starting out to Belmont, Mo., and for three days' gallant service, and not being regularly enlisted, he was awarded his gun and uniform and discharged. The following October he enlisted in Company F, Fifteenth Illinois Cavalry, and after six months' active service was discharged on account of disability. He is a BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 815 Republican, and first voted for Fillmore. He is a Mason and an Odd Fellow, and he and his wife are members of the United Brethren Church. Alexander G. Orr, M. D. Alexander G. Orr, M. D., born in Wilson County, Tenn., September 19, 1841, the son of William Henry and Charlotte A. (Penny) Orr, natives respectively of Tennessee and North Caro- lina. Our subject was reared and educated in his native county, and obtained his education at Cumberland University, of his native county. In 1869 he graduated from Jefferson Medical College, of Philadelphia, and since August of that year has been in con- tinuous practice in his profession at Benton, and with such suc- cess that he stands at the head of his profession in the county. He has been an officer and is a member of the southern Illinois Medical Association, and is also a member of the Franklin County Medical Society. December, 25, 1877, he married Maggie B. Barr, a native of Pennsylvania. They have four sons and one daughter living. Dr. Orr is a Democrat. For four years he was a non- commissioned officer in the heavy artillery service of the Con- federacy. He is a Eoyal Arch Mason, and a member of the First Baptist Church, of Benton. He is one of Benton's leading men. William C. Pearce. William C. Pearce, farmer, born in 1840 in Gallatin (now Saline) County, the fourth of nine children (five deceased) of Richard and Eliza Pearce, both born in North Carolina in 1811 and 1810 respectively, the former of Irish stock. They were reared and married in their native State, and soon went to Ten- nessee, thence to near Equality where they remained until our sub- ject was nearly four years old, Avhen they moved to Benton, and three years later to his farm near there. After considerable moving about he died in 1874 at his son's (James J.) in 1880^ 814 FRANKLIN COUNTY. where tlie mother still lives. With a common education our sub- ject left home at tweuty-two and enlisted in Company I, One Hun- dred and Tenth Illinois Infantry, afterward Company C, and was honorably discharged at Chicago in June, 1865. He was a teamster, and soon returned and became farm overseer for R. Richeson. In 1868 he married Emeline T., daughter of Elder E. T. and Nancy (Clark) Webb, born in 1844 in Franklin County. Their children are Drusilla, Lulu, John, Quincy, Elijah, Jarvis and Jesse, and two infant daughters deceased. He moved about several years until in 1874 he located on his present farm. In spite of adverse circumstances and early poverty, he now owns a good farm of 126 acres, 100 of which are cleared, well im- proved and cultivated. He is a Democrat, and first voted for Sey- mour. He and his wife are members of the Primitive Baptist Church. Hon. Peter Phillips. Hon. Peter Phillips, pioneer merchant and farmer, born in 1817 in White (now Hamilton) County, one of twins of eleven children (six deceased) of Jacob and Sarah (Walker) Phillips, the father, of French origin, born about 1775 in North Carolina, and the mother born a few years later in the same State, of Irish stock. The parents were married in North Carolina, and soon went to near Shawneetown, where they remained until about 1815, when they located at Knight's Prairie. About three months after our subject's birth they settled in Franklin County, and engaged in clearing and farming until the father's death in 1842. In 1836 the mother died, where our subject and his twin sister, Mrs. Sallie Neff, were reared and educated in the old pioneer log schoolhouse. After our subject married in 1836, he located for six years on ?i tract given him by his father, and then on Long Prairie until 1857 after the death of his first wife (1848), and after his second marriage (1850). He then moved to Section 31, Town 5 south, Range 4 east, where his present farm is situated. In 1859 his BIOGEAPHICAL APPENDIX. 815 second wife died, and about a year later he married again, a wife who died in 1876. His present wife, the widow of William Combs and daughter of Lemuel E. Harrison, an old settler of the county, he married in 1878 at her home in Ewing Township. She was born in 1822 in this coujity. In 1862 he enlisted in Company F, Fifteenth Hlinois Cavalry, and was honorably dis- charged in October, 186-1:, at Helena, Ark. He was at Vicksburg, and other minor engagements, but never wounded nor captured. After July, 1863, he was first lieutenant. He had seven children by his first wife(five deceased), five by his second(three deceased), seven by his third (four deceased), the living ones are John W., Joseph, Ethelind (wife of M. Kirk), Francis M., Henry, Andrew and Lucy. Although a pioneer who has cleared three tracts of land, he has now a fine tract of 200 acres, 160 of which are well cultivated. Under the township organization he served two terms as supervisor of Northern Township. In 1876 he was elected representative of the four counties, running ahead of his ticket, the Republican, which party was in the minority, and served two years. In 1880 he established his present general merchandise business. For nearly four years he has been post- master of Gresham. Before the war he was a Democrat, and first voted for Van Buren. Since 1852 he has been a Mason, formerly of Benton Lodge, now of Ewing Lodge, No. 107. His family, excepting Francis and Andrew, are members of the Christian Church. He is among the most influential and respected citizens of his region, and is one of the most successful of business men. De. Randall Poindexter. Dr. Randall Poindexter, physician and surgeon in Cave Town- ship, was born in Clark County, Ind., in 1831, the son of Clevius S. and Nancy (Holland) Poindexter, the former of French origin and born in Virginia. The father was a child when his father, Gabriel, left Canada for Clark County, Ind., where Clevius was 816 FRANKLIN COUNTY. married. He entered and bought land, so that he became owner of 200 acres. He died about 1836, when but thirty-nine years of age. The mother was a native of Virginia, and died in 1854 at the age of fifty-two. Six of their five sons and two daughters are living. Our subject, the fifth child, was educated at New Albany, Ind., in the public schools, and from his twentieth year wielded the birch for three years. His chosen profession also occupied some of his attention during these years, under the direction of Dr. Field, of JefPersonville, Ind., whose instruction he followed for four years, and in 1857 graduated from the Uni- versity of Louisville (Ky.) as an M. D. He had practiced dur- ing his vacations, and now located in Gallatia, Saline County, but soon, in 1861, removed to his present practice. In June, 1857, he married Helen M. Koot, a native of Hiram, Ohio. Their chil- dren are Ida F. (wife of George Wilmore), Randall E., Mary A. (wife of Dr. A. J. Mclntyre) and John E. The Doctor lost his wife in 1867, and the next year married Julia M., a daughter of George W. and Lucy Tate, a native of Smith County, Tenn. George B. is their only child. The Doctor has been one of the leading physicians of the county for a quarter of a century, and has a lucrative practice. He owns 170 acres of land, and is pleasantly situated. Formerly a Whig, he is now a Republican, and first voted for Fillmore. He is a Master Mason, and he and his wife are Methodists. In September, 1861, he enlisted in the Fifty-sixth Regiment as first assistant -surgeon. He was in active service nearly two years, and on regimental service most of the time. He was at the siege of Corinth, but on account of ill health was compelled to resign. C. D. Rea. C. D. Rea, farmer and stock dealer, was born in Browning Township in 1»52, the third of five children of Abner and Mary (Overterf) Rea. The father, also a leading farmer and stock BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 817 dealer, was born in 1820 in Warren County, Tenn., the fifth of nine chiklren of Abner, Sr., and Alsie (Hopper) Kea, natives of Virginia, where they were married, and whence they after- ward moved to Warren County. In 1833 they moved to Frank- lin County, and farmed until his death in 1846. He was an influential man of the early pioneers. The mother died about 1864 Both were devout members of the United Baptist Church. Abner, our subject's father, was educated in the rustic log schoolhouse, and March 12, 1840, married Mary Overterf, a native of Tennessee and of Dutch ancestry. Their children are Saman- tha L. (wife of O. Mallory), Franklin A., Camden, W. A. and Enoch. He lived in Browning Township until 1867, when he removed to his present farm. He at one time was one of the most extensive land owners* of the county, possessing nearly 1,500 acres, but gifts to his children have reduced it to 400 acres. All his wealth has been gained from a beginning of nothing through his ability and energy as a financier in farming and trading. His home is about a mile northwest of Benton. He was formerly a Democrat, first voting for Polk. Our subject, his son, was reared at home, and given a common -school education. He was mar- ried, March 8, 1870, to Missouri A., daughter of William C. and Mary A. Lewis, a native of Franklin County, as was also Mrs. Kea. Three of their five children are living: Hosea W. A., Eobertie G, and Spruel C. D. Our subject removed from Brown- ing Township to his present estate of 200 finely cultivated acres, eight miles west of Benton, in 1884. Although a young man, our subject is a live, and fast becoming a leading business man. He is a Republican, first voting for Hayes. Mrs. Ilea is a mem- ber of the Missionary Baptist Church. S. M. ROBERSON, M. D. S. M. Eoberson, M. D., was born in 1839 in Northern Town- ship, Franklin County, the youngest of nine children (five 818 FRANKLIN COUNTY. deceased) of William and Elizabeth (Payne) Roberson, both of English stock, the former born in 1790, in Virginia, and the lat- ter about 1800, in North Carolina. They came with their parents to Tennessee when children, and were married probably in Lin- coln County. In 1830 they settled in Franklin County, on the farm now chiefly owned by Mrs. Samuel Eidliue, where the father died in 1848. The mother died about 1870, while living with her daughter, Mrs. M. Webb. With common-school advan- tages, our subject when about seventeen began for himself, and traveling in Kansas part of the time. In 1858 he married and settled in Northern Township, Franklin County, and after three years there and three on another farm he moved to the farm now owned by Alfred Groves, and there his wife died in December, 1871. After two years longer here with his four children, he sold out, and with the proceeds attended the medical college of Keokuk, Iowa, and after a twenty weeks' term received a certifi- cate to practice, which, in the spring of 1871:, he began at home, and soon bought the farm now owned by W. D. Robersou. In 1877, because of a new law regulating practice he sold his farm, attended another term at his old place, and received a diploma from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, then in its forty- ninth session, probably. He then began practice at his jjresent home. In March, 1882, he married Lourana, widow of Charles Hough, daughter of Augustus and Nancy (Whittington) Adams, born in October, 1847, near Benton. His farms, sold to educate himself, were the fruits of his own labors, and he now owns a pleasant home where he lives at present. His chil- dren are Hettie, wife of Charles Todd; Sallie, wife of Augustus Adams ; John Q. and Leroy. He is a Democrat, first voting for Douglas. He is a member of Charity Lodge, I. O. O. F., and F. M. B. A., No. 75. He served as constable in Franklin County when but a young man. biographical appendix. 819 Geoege C. Eoss. George C. Ross, attorney at law, was born in Franklin County, TIL, April 15, 1818, the son of Elijah and Sarah B. (Crawford) Eoss, natives respectively of North Carolina and Illinois. The father came to this county about 1840, and lived in Cave Town- ship until his death in September, 1882. He was a prosperous farmer, and also successful in merchandising. For twenty-eight years he was a magistrate in Cave Township. Our subject was reared to manhood in this county, and educated at Ewing College, also attended the normal school, at Normal, 111. He graduated from the southern Illinois Normal, at Carbondale, in 1876, and began teaching, which profession he followed until 1880, or sixteen years altogether. He was principal of the Benton public schools from 1870 to 1874; superintendent of Carbondale city schools from 1874 to 1879; superintendent of Litchfield schools in 1879-80, and had charge of Ewing College six months in the absence of the president. In 1880-81 he attended the Union College of Law, Chicago, and graduated June 16, 1881. On examination before the Illinois Supreme Court he was admitted to the bar December 7, 1881, and has since practiced with deserved success at Benton. Since 1883 he has been a partner of .Judge C. H. Layman. July 16, 1870, he married Fannie England, of Tennessee. They have two sons and one daughter. In politics he is a Eepublican, and was elected county superin- tendent in 1873 by a majority of 368 in a Democratic county of 300 majority. He resigned after one year. He was a Eepub- lican elector for the Eighteenth District in 1876, and Avas a can- didate for Congress in 1882 against E. W. Townshend. In 1877 he was candidate for nomination for State superintendent of pub- lic instruction. He is a Master Mason and a Missionary Baptist. In 1865 he enlisted, when sixteen, in Company G, Forty-ninth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, serving as a private until the close of the war. 50 820 franklin county. Dr. Elijah M. Kotramel. Dr. Elijah M. Eotramel, physician and surgeon, was born in Frankfort, Franklin County, in 1843, the son of Henry and Eliza J. (Maddox) Eotramel. The father, born in North Caro- lina, in 1808, of German stock, came to Wilson County, Tenn., in his youth, and in 1831, left home to be married. In 1832, he came to Franklin County, 111. ; the same year enlisted in the Black Hawk war service; was in the action at Kellogg's Grove, and after 100 days' service, settled in Frankfort, where he owned 200 acres and combined teaming with his farming. He died in January, 1867. The mother, born in 1812, in Wilson County, Tenn., was the daughter of Elijah Maddox, a traveling Baptist minister and missionary worker, who, about 1837, in company with II. Borum, came to Frankfort, and organized the first Baptist Church in southern Illinois. The mother died in 1865. Three of seven children are living: Eliza O. (widow of Owen Evans), our subject and Dr. Kichard H. The father's second wife is Mrs. Julia A. Harper, nee Martin. Their child is Henrietta, wife of Wilber Mount. Our subject was educated in Ewing College, and worked on the farm with his father until the latter' s death. AVhen twenty-two he began teaching, and for twenty-two months was so employed in Franklin and Will- iamson Counties, during which time he began medical study. In 1869-70 he studied under Dr. T. M. Sams, of Tamaroa, Perry County. In 1870 he began practice; in 1871 located on Moore's Prairie, Jefferson County, and in 1876 located in Frankfort, now the oldest practicing physician in the place, with an extensive practice. In December, 1876, he married Belle, daughter of William and Caroline Kimmell, born in Union County, in 1853. Their children are DecostaE., Homer A., Hattie O. and Nellie A. In 1881 he was appointed county superintendent of schools, and served one year. He is a Eepublican, first voting for Lincoln. BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 821 His faith is that of the Christian Church, and that of his wife, Baptist. Dr. Eichard H. Eotramel. Dr. Richard H. Eotramel, physician and surgeon, was born in Franklin County in 1848, the son of Henry and Eliza J. (Mad- dox) Eotramel, for an account of whom see the sketch of Dr. E. M. Eotramel. Eichard was educated at Ewing, and when twenty years old became a teacher, and so continued for five terms, three of which were in Williamson and Hamilton Counties. During this time he began medical study; in 1875 studied under Dr. "W. J. Burgess, and the following year under his brother. Dr. Elijah M. In 1877 he entered Missouri Medical College, at St. Louis, and in 1878 he graduated. From then until the fall of 1886 he was located in Frankfort, in partnership with his brother. They kept a first-class stock of drugs also in connection with their practice. March 28, 1872, he married Mary J. San- ders, who was born in Crockett County, Tenn. Dr. Eotramel is one of the leading physicians of the village, and is highly esteemed. He is a Master Mason, and in politics a Eepublican, first voting for Grant in 1872. He and his wife are Methodists. James W. Eoyall. James W. Eoyall, farmer, was born in Jackson County, Tenn., October 3, 1834, and came to Franklin County with his parents in 1851. His father was born in West Tennessee in 1808, and on attaining his majority married Lavina, daughter of William McGlasson, a farmer. Of six sons and two daughters, our sub- ject is the oldest. The father, a farmer, settled on the east side of Six Mile Prairie, where he died in 1872. The mother, born in Tennessee in 1814, died in 1863 at the old home. Our subject was reared on the farm, and received a common-school education. In August, 1862, he enlisted in the Federal Army, and was hon- orably discharged in the spring of 1863. September 18, 1855, 822 FRANKLIN COUNTY. he married Mary, daughter of Michael Binder, a farmer, native of Union County, 111. Their children are James W., Julia A., Alexander M. and Mary A. His wife was born in Williamson County August 16, 1832. Our subject is a Democrat, and first voted for Buchanan. His farm of 182 acres, well improved, and with a good residence and a fine new barn, is situated sixteen miles southwest of Benton. John J. St. Clair. John J. St. Clair (deceased), a very prominent citizen of Franklin County, was born in New Orleans January 14, 1837. Left in early life an orphan, dependent on his own resources, he learned the carpenter's trade, and with Mr. Cochran in 1859 began, in Benton, the erection of A. D. Jackson's residence. Decem- ber 16, 1857, he was married to Miss Eebecca Garner at Duquoin, by Kev. Morton, of the Baptist Church, and became a permanent resident of Benton. Their five sons and five daughters are Emma B. (now Mrs. E. H. Flannigan), Charles H., Guy C, Eobert, Frank, John A., Jessie, Bertha and Nellie. Of these Eobert died June 1, 1877. Our subject and partner, extensive builders, built the first building of Ewing College, the court- house, public school, Cantrell's Block, his own business houses and multitudes of others, all monuments of honest builders. He also had an extensive business in hardware, plows, wagons and buggies and farm implements. He was for two years supervisor of Benton Township, president of the board, and a school directoi seven years, in all a satisfactory oflicial. December 24, 1857, he was made a Mason, and was a faithful member of the lodge. After a long sickness from throat and lung trouble, and three months' confinement to his bed, he died November 22, 1880, and his last hours were such as to bear out his life and give comfort to his family in their affliction. On November 4, he was carried to the polls in an arm chair to cast his last vote. The Masonic lodge BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 823 took charge of the funeral. The principal business houses and schools were closed, with many visiting members. They bore the remains to the courthouse, where, on a heavily draped platform, the coffin rested, with an evergreen tree at the head, and a cross and crown of the same on the lid. Pupils, teachers and multi- tudes. of sympathizers crowded the courthouse, and after solemn music and prayer. Judge Browning read the Masonic burial service. F. M. Youngblood then feelingly spoke of the character of the deceased, and John Washburn, president of Ewing College, read Scripture and spoke of the rest of those who died in the Lord, and the necessity of preparing for eternity. After being viewed by the friends, the remains were buried with cere- monies in the Masonic Cemetery. He was a kind, affectionate man, an energetic builder and merchant, and his memory will long live in the hearts of this community. His wife and chil- dren have the consolation of knowing that they have the sym- pathy of hundreds of his friends who mourn their loss with them. George W. Sims. George W. Sims, farmer, was born in Franklin County, February 18, 1843. His father, William, was born in Kentucky, July 10, 1S03, and reared chiefly in Tennessee, where he mar- ried Sarah J. Parrish, of Jackson County. Of their eight sons and three daughters, six died in 1854 of typhoid fever. The father was a farmer, and came to Franklin County, 111., in 1835. He was an earnest Democrat, and died in 1860. The mother, born in Georgia, July 16, 1803, is now living with our subject in her eighty-fourth year. George W. was reared on the farm, and educated in the common schools. August 13, 1862, he enlisted in the One Hundi-ed and Tenth Illinois Infantry, under Col. Casey, and was at Murfreesboro, Missionary Eidge, Lookout Mountain, Chickamauga, and through the entire Georgia cam- paign, including the battle of Jonesboro. He was captured at Woodbury, Tenn., by Morgan's men but soon paroled. He 824 FRANKLIN COUNTY. served through the entire war, and was discharged June 23, 1865. January 19, 1862, he married Anna E., daughter of Ralph Rogers, a native of Jackson County, Tenu. Their children are Lillie Bell, William T. and George M. His wife was born in Franklin County November 18, 1840. Our subject is a Demo- crat and Mason, and he and his wife are members of the Chris- tian Church. He has a fine farm of eighty acres fifteen miles southwest of Benton. "William F. Spiller. William F. Spiller, clerk of circuit court of Franklin County, was born in this county February 27, 1858, the son of Perian B. and Nancy Katherine (Osteen) Spiller, natives respectively of Williamson and Franklin Counties. The father, a well-to-do farmer of this county, enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Tenth Hlinois Volunteer Infantry, and died December 2, 1862, at Hopkinsville, Ky. The mother is still living at Mulkeytown. Our subject was reared to manhood in this county, and taught school several years, preparing himself in local schools, and at the Valparaiso (Indiana) Normal School for teachers. For one he year was engaged in merchandising at Mulkeytown, then accepted the position of deputy county clerk, and in Decem- ber, 1884, was elected cii-cuit clerk, since which he has served in a thoroughly efficient manner. He is a Democrat, and as such was elected to his present position. February 25, 1883, he mar- ried Ella Harrison, of this county. Their two children are Laura Pearl and Oscar Frank. He is a Mason and Odd Fellow, and a member of the Christian Church. He is a reliable, popular official and citizen. John Sullivan, Esq. John Sullivan, Esq., farmer and eldest native citizen of Frank- lin County, was born in 1817, in what was then White County. He is the second of ten children who lived to maturity, of Edward and BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 825 Sara,li (Smuthers) Sullivan, natives of North Carolina, born in 1795 and 1796 respectively. Both went to Sumner County, Tenn., when children and were there reared and married soon after he returned from the war of 1812. In 1817 they finally set- tled in what is now Franklin County. Both were respected mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The mother was one of the original twelve, and both died in 1870. Our subject, has been a farmer. In 1843 he married Martha, daughter of Matthew and Susan Ing, born in Sumner County, Tenn., in 1825. Their children are Thomas, Joseph, Stanford, Silas, Lewis, Sarah (wife of John Stull, of AVilliamson County) and Mary. Both joined the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1841. He has always lived in his native county, and since 1844 on his present farm of eighty acres. In 1846 he was made constable, and since 1849 has held the office of justice almost continuously. All his children have a good business education. Formerly a Democrat, and first voting for Van Buren, he has since the war been a Republican. He and his wife have been members of the Methodist Episcopal Church for nearly forty-six years, and led a happy wedded life for forty- three years. He was educated in the first log schoolhouse erected in the county, of the ground floor, no chimney order, located one mile and a half west of his present home, and the first teacher chosen from the best educated of the settlement. He afterward attended in abandoned log huts used for schools and churches ; was licensed a local preacher in the Methodist Epis- copal Church in 1851 ; made deacon in 1863, and ordained local elder in 1882. Among the first houses in which they met was a Mr. Summer's, and from then until 1852 they were familiarly known as "Summer's Class." In 1852 a log church was erected on our subject's land, and in 1880 the log (18x24) house was replaced by a fine frame structure (30x40) near by, and on land owned by the son of our subject. Rev. L. A. Harper is their pastor, with a membership of about seventy-five. 826 franklin county. Ambrose Summers. Ambrose Summers, farmer, was born in Eastern Township in 1842, the next youngest of sixteen children — all but one of whom lived to have families — of Alex and Clarissa H. (Lilly) Summers. The father, a native of Sumner County, Tenn., was reared and married there, then after a year in Franklin County, and about a year back in Sumner County, they settled in Frank- lin County. The first trip, one horse and pack-saddle, held all they owned, and the next time one horse and cart. They were influential pioneers and substantial people of the county. He was a soldier of the Black Hawk war and the war of 1812. He died in 18C6. The mother, born in Tennessee, died in 1885. Our subject was educated in the country schools, and on March 1, 1861, married Sarah, daughter of David and Mary A. Rouin- tree, a native of Pennsylvania. Their children are Claris'fea Alice (wife of J. D. Allen), Mary A., Charles, Matilda, Milton, Martha J., Flora and Alfred. Pearly is deceased. He has always resided in the vicinity of his birth, now on a farm of 140 acres five miles from Thompsonville, most of which land is the result of his own efforts in acquiring property. In the autumn of 1862 he enlisted in Company K, One Hundred and Tenth Illinois Infantry, was afterward transferred to the First United States Engineers, and was at Murfreesboro, Chattanooga, Chick - amauga and numerous severe skirmishes, serving three years. He was township commissioner one year. He is a Republican, first voting for Grant. He is a member of the F. & A. M., G. A. R. and F. M. B. A. organizations, and he and his wife are mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Prof. R. D. Swain, A. M. Prof. R. D. Swain, A. M., of the chair of Latin and English literature, Ewing College, w^as born in 1852 near the site of Christopher, 111., the oldest of seven children of Evan and Har- BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 827 riett (Harrison) Swain, the former of Scotch-Irish stock, born about 1830 in Jackson County, and the latter of English origin, born in 1834: in Franklin County, where they were married and are still living. He graduated from Ewing College in the class of 1880. At twenty-two he married Nancy, daughter of Alfred and Emaline (Herrin) Bramlet, at Eldorado, 111., and has since lived at Ewing. During this time there was one year in which he taught in Smith Academy, Washington University, St. Louis. For four years after ni^ieteen he taught in the public schools, with the proceeds of which he began his collegiate course, dur- ing which he also taught classes. Immediately after graduation he was elected to the chair of mathematics in his alma mater, and continued so tAvo years. At the close of his year in St. Louis he was called to his present chair. His wife was born in 1855 near Eldorado, and their children are Arthur, Cecil, Eay, Mabel and Hattie. His residence is at Ewing, and his success as an instructor in the languages and belles-lettres is deservedly recognized. He is a Democrat, and first voted for Tilden. He is Worshipful Master of Ewing Lodge, F. & A. M. Our subject .and his wife are members of the Missionary Baptist Church. Z. M. Swisher. Z. M. Swisher, farmer, was born in Monongalia County, W. Ta., in 1813, the son of Jacob and Josilla (Morgan) Swisher. The father, born in Bradford, Va., the son of Henry Swisher, of German origin, went to W^est Virginia when a young man, mar- ried in 1808, and spent the rest of his life as a farmer. He died about 1858. The mother, born in the same county, died about 1878. Both were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Our subject was educated in the common schools, and in 1836 married Louisa Merifield, a native of the same county. Three of their six children are living: Samuel L., Henry M. and Helen H. In 1852 he moved to Franklin County, and rented land 828 FEANKLIN COUNTY. until he purchased his home. For over twenty years he has lived on his present home of 160 acres, and has accumulated his property by his energy and good management. Formerly a Whig, he has since the war been a Kepublican. For thirty-nine years he has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, to which his wife, who died in 1877, also belonged. Egbert J. Taylor, M. D. Kobert J. Taylor, M. D., was born in 184(3 in Franklin County, the eighth of nine children (five deceased) of Jesse, Sr., and Nancy (Hill) Taylor, the former of German stock, born in May, 1810, iu Pope (now Saline) County, Illinois Territory, and the latter probably of English blood, born in April, 1812, in Kentucky. The grandparents. Herring and Sallie (Cotton) Taylor, came from Tennessee when southern Illinois was a wilderness, locating in White (now Franklin) County when Jessie was only four years old. The latter grew up in pioneer life and helped clear the land now owned by the heirs and widow of the late Milton C. Taylor. Deer and turkey hunting were familiar pastimes. In 1829 he married Nancy Hill and settled on his present farm in Northern Township. She died in Febru- ary, 1867. Jesse Taylor is still living and with our subject. The Doctor was educated in his native county, in this county, and at Ewing High School (now college), which he attended the first day and term of its organization. When twenty-one he began for himself, by teaching in winter and farming in summer, excepting the first two summers spent in attendance at school at Ewing. In October, 1873, he attended lectures at Keokuk, and graduated at the end of the second course, in the spring of 1874. He returned with his diploma, and has ever since been practicing at his present home, and engaged in farm superintendence, excepting one year's practice at Spring Garden in Jefferson County, with Dr. J. Peavler. In 1876 he married Amanda Peavler who BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 829 died in May, 1877. In October, 1880, he married Parlee, a daughter of T. J. and Sarah Fowler. Lua Althea and De Bruce are their living children, and Josie F. and an infant are deceased. His wife was born in 1860 in Weakley County, Tenn. Our sub- ject is highly regarded as a man and physician, and in politics is a Democrat, first voting for Seymour. He is an Odd Fellow and a member of the F. M. B. A. order. For two years he was town- ship clerk, and was school treasurer seven years. The father cast his first vote for Jackson, and has always since been a Demo- crat. He was constable fourteen years and county supervisor and commissioner. KicHARD Thompson. Kichard Thompson, dealer in general merchandise, farmer and miller at Thompsonville, was born in 1828 in Mecklenburg County, Va., July 4, the son of Edward and Frances (Bucker) Thompson. The father was born in Mecklenburg County iu 1792, and for many years was the overseer on a large plantation. About 1830 he moved to Wilson County, Tenn., and in a few years settled in Smith County. He came to Franklin County during the war, and died at our subject's house August 25, 1867. His wife was a native of Virginia, born in 1795, and died two days before her husband's death. Kichard grew up on the farm in Tennessee from his second year, and when of age purchased some Smith County land, and farmed for himself. For several years before the war he made trips to Raleigh, 111., each season to speculate in tobacco, and about 1862 bought 300 acres in Cave Township, Franklin County. His parents, who were now quite old and alone, he took to live with him, until they died. He at once established a country store, bought farmers' produce, and in return gave them money and goods, and now for twenty-five years he has been in that business, esteemed and honored, and a friend of the needy. He is an able financier and a man of ability. He deals extensively in tobacco, and has a large landed 830 ' FEANKLIN COUNTY. estate. Thompsonville was named in his honor, and he has been the sinews o£ the place, instrumental in getting the railroad put through, by giying several thousand dollars for its encourage- ment. In 1866 he married Jaley Waller, a daughter of Mattison Waller. Parilee, Dollie and Eagle are their children. He is a Democrat. De. C. M. Thornton. Dr.C. M. Thornton, physician at Osage, 111., was born in Greene County, Ala., August 21, 1850. His father, Luke, was born Sep- tember 22, 1823, and reared chiefly in northern Alabama. He was a planter of fair means, and a Mason and member of the Missionary Baptist Church. When a young man he went to western Alabama and soon married Nancy, daughter of Moody H. May, a wealthy planter and mill owner. Of their five sons and one daughter our subject is the eldest. The father was a Confederate soldier, of the Twentieth Alabama liifantry, and was in all the engagements of his regiment up to 1864. He was wounded while charging the enemy's works near Marietta, Ga., and died from its effects July 8, 1864. The mother, born in Greene County, Ala., is still living in her native county, in her fifty-sixth year, a faithful member of the Missionary Baptist Church. Besides the common school advantages at home our subject attended Plato Academy, Knoxville, Ala., and Baldwin College, northeastern Mississippi, ^fter which he came to Jackson County, 111., and taught some time and read medicine under Dr. Charles Bain, of Murphysboro, 111. In the spring of 1873 he attended the St. Louis ( Mo. ) Medical College, and in the winter the Louisville (Ky.) Medical College, from which he graduated at the close of the college year in 1876. He has built up his present extensive practice since 1875 by constant devotion to it, with the exception of one term at lectures. Besides this he personally manages his large drug and general merchandise bus- iness there. December 13, 1876, near Murphysboro, III, he mar- BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX, 831 ried Addie M., daughter of James F. Osburn, a farmer aud native of Johnson County, 111. Their children are Nina, Edna, Nellie, Zona, Blanche aud Golda, born respectively October 14, 1877; November 1, 1878; July 22, 1880; December 17, 1881; July 13, 1884, and September 30, 1886. His wife was born in Jackson County September 6, 1852. Her parents were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and died in Jackson County, 111., the father April 7, 1881, and the mother January 15, 1871. Our subject is a Democrat and cast his first vote for Tilden. He is postmaster at Osage, 111., where he has one of the pleasantest homes in the vicinity. Chaeles D. Threlkeld. Charles D. Threlkeld, county superintendent of Franklin County, was born in Marion County, Ind., August 24, 1846, the son of William and Mary (Hartsock) Threlkeld, natives of Ken- tucky. Our subject came to Illinois with his parents in 1857, was reared to manhood in Perry County, and in 1855 came to Franklin County attending Benton Academy, and Ewing College the first years of its existence, preparing himself for the profession, which he has followed ever since with more than ordi- nary success. He taught two spring terms in his alma maier (Ewing College), and has been principal of Benton High School for two years. In 1877 he was elected to his present position, which he he has efficiently and faithfully filled ever since, except- ing one year. April 30, 1872, he married Henrietta Moore, of Posey County, Ind. They have two sons and three daughters. He is an unswerving Democrat, a Mason, Odd Fellow and a member of the First Baptist Church. He is recognized as one of the leading educators of the county. William H. Thurmond. William H. Thurmond, a prominent farmer, was born in August, 1831, in Caldwell County, Ky., one of nine (seven 832 FRANKLIN COUNTY. deceased) children of Justinian and Elizabeth Thvirmond, both born in Caldwell County in 1800 and 1804, and of Irish-English and Irish stock respectively. In November, 1828, they were married, and in 1854 the father was killed by a man named Joel Aarons. When twenty-one our subject began for himself in the coal mines, attending school with his earnings, and at his father's death returned to the farm, and in two years removed a debt, left by his father, of ^400. In 1857 he married Sarah E., daughter of John D. and Martishia (Bowers) Thurmond, born in September, 1838, in Warren County, Ky. Their chil- dren are Thomas McL (deceased), Isabelle (deceased), Alice V. (wife of Thomas E. Drennan), Elisha M., William F., Martishia (deceased), Elvira, Rebecca and Mirtie F. He bought a farm near his mother, and settled on the same until in March, 1861, when they all came to Franklin County, and have since lived on his present farm in Northern Township. The mother died at her daughter's (Mrs. M. J. Campbell), in April, 1871. With all the difficulties with which he has had to contend, as we have seen, he now owns a fine farm of 220 acres, most of which he has cleared himself. He was a Democrat before the war, since which and until 1884 he has been a Eepublican, first voting for Breck- enridge. He voted for St. John in 1884. He is a member of the F. M. B. A., No. 51, and he, his wife and three eldest children are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. James B. Tuknee. James B. Turner, lawyer, proprietor of the woolen and grist- mills, and farmer, of Ewing, was born November 27, 1835, near Oswego, N. Y., the youngest of eight children (six deceased) of Charles W. and Sallie (Spencer) Turner, the former of Iri&h- Ensflish stock, born in 1787 in New York, and the latter of English origin, born in 1790, also in New York. The maternal grandfather was a general in the Revolution and aid-de-camp to BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 833 Gen. Washington. The parents were married in New Haven, and for several years engaged in merchandising in New York. He then became land commissioner, and settled near Oswego, N. Y., where he owned large tracts of land, and became proprietor of a hotel. About 1884 he became agent for the Western Emigrating Association, and moved near the site of Kenosha, Wis., where he died in 1851, and the mother in 1845. Our subject attended school in Wisconsin, at St. Louis, and at Waver ly. 111., gradu- ating from the law department of Bloomington (Ind. ) State University. When twelve years old he lived a year with his brother at Waverly. They moved to St. Louis in 1847, and here engaged in driving hack, working in livery stables, clerking in commission houses, and attending night schools until 1852, when he left St. Louis and went to Springfield, and a few months later to Terre Haute, then New Orleans on a flatboat. He soon began a tour of the South, and in 1858 settled in Elizabethtown,' 111., where he studied and practiced law until his Bloomington law school life began in 1857. In the fall of 1859 he began practicing at Shawneetown, where he married in the following spring. He originated the charter of the city which exempted it from State taxation for twenty years, to enable them to build a levee. In 1862 he was elected to represent Gallatin, Hardin and Saline Counties in the Legislature, and served one term. From 1878, for a year, he lived in Mount Vernon, 111., and from 1874 to 1885 he was at Ewing engaged in merchandising, woolen-milling and farming; he then sold his merchandise to W. A. Dunbar. He was also engaged in his law practice, and is now a member of the Illinois bar. His wife, Eleanor, daughter of John D. and Judith M. (Williamson) Kicheson was born April 0, 1840, at Shawnee- town. Their children are John D. R., James B., Charles W., Jesse M., Minnie and Eugene R. He has been successful as an attorney, and was associated with Gen. Logan, Judges Marshall, Allen, DufP, Tomleasey, Baker, Wall and N. L. Freeman, 834 FRANKLIN COUNTY. reporter of the supreme court, et al. ; while at Mount Vernon he drafted the bill which became the charter of Ewing College. He is a Democrat with Greenback and Prohibition sympathies, and first voted for Buchanan. He is an Odd Fellow and a mem- ber of the encampment at Equality. The entire family are Methodists. His wife's mother was a widow of James Carroll, of the Carroll family, of Carrollton, Md. Rev. Hosea Vise. Rev. Hosea Vise, a pioneer minister of the Missionary Baptist Church, was born in 1811 in Spartansburg County, S. C, the seventh of nine children (seven deceased) of Nathaniel and Dar- cus (Meadows) Vise, the former of Welsh descent, born in 1773 in North Carolina, the latter of English stock, a descendant of Pocahontas, and born in 1778 in North Carolina. The parents went to Spartansburg County, S. C, when children, and there were reared, married and lived on the farm until their deaths in 1857. The Grandfather Vise fought in the Revolution, at Eutaw Springs and Guilford C. H., in the Carolinas, and was a member of the Virginia Blues with Col. Washington at the defeat of Gen. Braddock on the Monongahela River, and died in 1883 at the age of one hundred and three. The mother's father lived to the age of one hundred and seven. With the ordinary education of his native county, after the autumn of 1835, he went to Posey County, Ind., bvit soon went to Hamilton County, 111., and began clearing his farm and expounding the gospel to the pioneers in early "Egypt," until in 1861 he estab- lished his store at Macedonia. In 1861 he enlisted in Company D, Sixth Illinois Cavalry, and served as captain for nineteen months, when he was honorably discharged at La Grange, Tenn. Since 1864 he has been a farm superintendent, merchant and minister. Twenty years of this time he has been a notary public, twelve years postmaster, and ten years pension agent. BIOGRArHICAL APPENDIX. 835 Since 1871, when he sold and bought in Franklin County, North- ern Township, he has lived here. His wife, Lettie, daughter of Ebsworth.and Elizabeth (Smith) Moore, of South Carolina, was born in 1814 in our subject's native county, and died in October, 1886, at his present home. Their five children are deceased. Our subject, always a many-handed man, is still a robust man of seventy-six years, and a minister for forty-eight years, who has failed in but four appointments. He has presided in the Franklin Association for thirty-three sessions, and has missed but two meetings since its organization, and those were while he was in the war. He delivered the first temperance lecture given in Franklin or Hamilton Counties. He has assisted in the organi- zation of more churches than any other minister in these coun- ties, and even now is pastor of the oldest Baptist Church in this part of the State. Before the second election of Lincoln our subject was a Democrat, and then, until 1884, a Republican, but in the last election voted for St. John. His first vote was for Jackson. He is a demitted member of the Masonic order. Gov. Yate's Military Lodge. William E. Ward. William E. Ward, banker, of Benton, Tenn., a native of Franklin County, was born August 12, 1848, the son of John and Mary (Irving) Ward, natives of Illinois. Our subject was reared to manhood in this State, and educated at the State Uni- versity, at Bloomington, Ind, In 1869 he engaged in merchan- dising here with his father, taking charge of the business and continuing until 1873, when Capt. Carroll Moore became a member of the firm, then known as John Ward & Co., until 1876. The father then withdrew, and our subject started the banking business with his other occupation. Since 1882 Ward & Moore have been exclusively and successfully engaged in the banking business, the only bank in the county. They also handle 836 FRANKLIN COUNTY. grain extensively, and railroad timber, the firm of Ward, Moore & McFall conducting the latter. October 1, 1876, he married Imogene Snyder, of this county. Their only child is Eobert E. Our subject is a Democrat, and is a member of the Masonic order. John Washburn, D. D. John Washburn, D. D., president of Ewiug College, was born in November, 1830, in Smith County, Tenn., the seventh of thir- teen children (seven deceased) of Lewis and Nancy (Moore) Washburn, the former of Welsh and German stock, and born in East Tennessee in 1796, and the latter of English-Irish origin, born in 1794 in northwestern South Carolina. The mother's par- ents settled in Wilson County, then in Smitli County, Tenn. The father, when a young man, after his father's death, also went to Smith County, where he enlisted in the war of 1812, under Gen. Coifee, and was in the battle of New Orleans, January 8, 1815. The parents were married in 1817, and the father was engaged in farm- ing and wagon manufacturing until his death in Smith County De- cember 30, 1872. The mother died in Apiil, 1871. Our subject was educated in Burritt College, Van Buren County, after twenty- one, through his own efforts. He entered the school in February, 1853, during the subsequent term was converted a Christian, and in the fall was baptized, joining the Primitive Baptist Church October 15, 1853. He returned to college in the spring of 1854, and graduated as A. B. in 1856. During a part of his junior and senior years he was compelled to teach to aid himself. Rev. W. D. Cams, a leading educator of his time had charge of the col- lege throughout his course. OnJuly 7, three days after receiving his diploma, he married Irene S., daughter of George and Mary (Sims) Ely, of Overton County, Tenn. Two weeks later he began teaching at an academic school at Gainsboro, Tenn., for five months, then at Elynn's Lick five months, when he took the chair of languages in his alma mater. A year later he BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 837 accompanied Rev. AV. D. Cams to Knoxville, and, under the lat- ter's presidency in the University there, he served one year as prin- cipal of the academy. He then resigned and took charge of Mount Olivet Academy, Overton County, and, cherishing strong Union sentiments, concluded at the outbreak of the Avar to go North, but on his way was delayed at his father's, in Smith Coun- ty, three months, because of the army intervening. During this time, while on a visit to Gainsboro, he was held in custody by the rebels four days, and on the 5th of November, 1862, started in a wagon overland to Illinois, reaching St. Clair County, on the 20th. The next August he came to Marion. The family remained" there three months, but our subject taught at Crawford's Prairie until the summer of 1864. He now began to be well known as a teacher, and in the fall commenced a three years' career as princi- pal of the Benton public schools. In April, 1867, he began a select school in the Frizzell's Prairie Baptist Church, during which term steps were taken by the citizens to organize what became, December 25, following, the Ewing High School, which, in the holidays of 1870, was removed from the church to what is now the east building of Ewing College. In 1874 the institution became a college,and the west building was completed. The gradu- ates of that spring — five young men— are now as follows: One a professor of Greek, in Shurtleff College ; one, principal of the State School for the Blind, Nashville, Tenn. ; one a successful druggist, of Marion, 111. ; one a successful attorney at Benton, 111., and one a successful physician, of Hampton, Ky. Since that he has been president of Ewing College excepting four years, dur- ing one of which (1875-76) he was principal of Marion High School, and pastor of the Baptist Church at Carbondale, and during the other three years, from 1877 to 1880, he was in south- west Texas, where he was a missionary of the San Antonio Baptist Association one year, during which he prospected for a good location for an institution of learning, and chose Floresville, Wil- 838 FRANKLIN COUNTY. son County, and pursuaded the citizens to found wliat is now known as Floresville Academy, of which he was principal for two years, when, on the earnest solicitation of the supporters of Ewing Col- le^e, he returned and assumed charge of the same. He was pas- tor also of three churches from 1870 to 1874, and likewise of the same number while teaching in Texas. He still preaches occa- sionally. In 1859 Rev. John Powell, president of his old alma mate?', conferred the degree of M. A. upon him, and the degree of D. D. was conferred by the Ewing College trustees, under the presidency of William Shelton, D. D., at the suggestion of Eev. John Hawkins, pastor of the Carbondale Presbyterian Church. His wife was born May 6, 1831, in Overton County, Tenn. Their children are Mary E. (deceased), S. E., Lulu G. (wife of W. H. Campbell, M. D.), Fannie E. (wife of John C. Neal), Lil- lian L. (wife of C. T. Yost), Aurelia and Walter. Formerly a Whig, during the war a Union man, until 1884 a Democrat, first voting for Scott in 1852, he is now a radical Prohibitionist. He is a Royal Templar. He, his wife and four children are members of the Missionary Baptist Church. He began preaching in 1867, and was ordained in 1858. The cause of his Texas sojourn, it should be stated, was his wife's feeble health which needed a change of climate. L. M. Webb. L. M. Webb, M. D. and pharmacist, was born May 9, 1847, in Franklin County, the fourth of fourteen children (four deceased) of Elder E. T. and Nancy T. (Clarke) W^ebb, the for- mer of German origin, born in 1818 in Franklin County, and the latter of English stock, born in 1824 in Bowling Green, Ky. They were married in this county to which the mother came when she was two years old. The father was surveyor of Frank- lin County twenty years, and farmed on W^ ebb's Prairie until his death in 1879. He was also one of the founders of Ewing College of which he was a trustee until his death. The mother BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 839 died in 1884 at the old home. Our subject received his higher education at Ewing High School, and when twenty taught until the autumn o£ 1870, when he entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons, St. Louis, and then attended the St. Louis Medical College and received his diploma. After graduation he began practice at Ewing. In 1873 he married Amanda, daughter of William and Charlotte C. (Harrison) King, near Ewing, born in that place in 1854. She died February 25, 1887. Their children are Grace, Kate, Byford, Thomas N. and Eva A. Since 1876, when he established his drug store at Ewing and has since added general merchandise under firm name of Webb Bros., he has conducted that business also, most successfully in both, now owning besides his store building two houses, several town lots, and a farm in company with his brother, J. C. For over a year he has been a trustee of Ewing College. He is a Democrat, and first voted for Seymour. He is a member of Ewing Lodge, No. 705, F. & A. M,, and a member of the Missionary Baptist Church, of which also his wife was a member. Alfeed U. Whiffen. Alfred U. Whiffen, justice and farmer, was born in 1827 in Sterbredge, England, one of six children (three deceased) of Uridge and Sarah (Smith) Whiffen, both born about 1800, the former near London and the latter at Worcester, England. They were married at Worcester, and afterward lived in our subject's native town until the latter's second year, when they went to Utica, N. Y,, where the father was a teacher in the high school, and among his pupils were Horatio and John Seymour. In 1835 they went to Buffalo, where he was mathematical pro- fessor in the high school. In the winter of 1837, with our sub- ject, he made a tour of Cleveland, Pittsburgh, Baltimore and Washington, where they remained a time and returned to Utica, where the father died in the same year and the mother soon after, 840 FRANKLIN COUNTY. leaving our subject and another child, who went to North Carolina where, through the influence of George W. Berthune, a noted Philadelphia divine, she secured a situation as teacher at $800 per year. After three years there she taught two years in Wautumpka, Ala. She then went to the present Okalona, Miss., and bought a farm with her money, and thence our subject soon went via New York, Mobile and the Tombigbee Kiver. In 1858 our subject and wife moved to Coffee County, Tenn., and in 1863, on account of political ideas, was driven out to Shelby County 111. In 1862 he joined Crittenden's corps of Kosecran's army and served as scout until he left Tennessee. In 1865 he began farming in White County, served four years as surveyor, and served as justice until August, 1875, when he settled in Franklin County. Since 1884, when he was elected to fill an unexpired term, he has served as justice. The mother and a younger brother lived on the Mississippi farm until 1867, and bought a farm in White County where she died in 1877. By his first mar- riage our subject's children are Fannie, wife of E. Kershaw; Emily, wife of G. W. Graddy; Jefiielona (deceased), William B., Robert E. and Ida. His wife, nee Louisa Bowden, was born about 1835 in Coffee County, Tenn., and died in 1878 at his mother's home in her native county. In November, 1886, he married Louisa, daughter of Henry and Jane (Roberson) Bolen, born in 1865. He owns 340 acres, ninety -three in Hamilton County. His satisfactory justiceship is attested by larger major- ities at re-election. Formerly a Whig and first voting for Taylor, he has since been a Republican. He is a member of the F. M. B. A., and of the Christian Church, while his wife is a Methodist. Judge W. H. Williams. Judge W. H. Williams, attorney at law, was born at Prince- ton, Gibson Co., Ind., April 15, 1847, the son of Eli A. and Margaret M. (Hortin) Williams, natives respectively of North BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 841 and Sovitli Carolina. The father, an early settler of southern Indiana, lived in Gibson County until his death in 1882, in his seventy-second year. Our subject was reared and educated in his native county, and enlisted in Coin]:)any F, Thirty-third Indiana Volunteer Infantry, serving as private four years. In 1866 he came to Benton and studied law with Hon. Samuel E. Flan- nigan. In April, 1867, he was admitted to the bar, and practiced a number of years as city attorney. In 1879 he was elected county judge, and re-elected in 1882, which term expired in 1886. Judge Williams has always been a stanch Republican, and was elected to office on that ticket in a Democratic county of 300 majority. He was a member of the National convention in Chicago, in 1880, voting thirty-six times for Gen. U. S. Grant, and of the State conventions of 1880, 1884 and 1886. December 14, 1869, he married Maggie Akin, of Benton. They have two sons and one daughter. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., and one of the first legal gentlemen of the county. John Willis. John Willis, farmer and stock raiser, was born in Edmonson County, Ky., in 1840 the fifth of ten children of William J. and Sarah N. (Nash) Willis. The father was born in Tennessee, in 1800, and died in 1859. His father, John, was a native of Vir- ginia, and the grandfather, John, Sr., was a native of Scotland. William was educated in his native State, with a good business education, and for several years was a teacher. He went to Ken- tucky, and in 1827 was married. He finally settled in Jefferson County, 111., in 1844, and resumed his teaching and farming. He was teamster in one of the early wars, and several years a justice. The mother, born in Kentucky in 1812, died in 1874. Both were members of the Christian Church. AVith limited edu- cation our subject left home at thirteen, and for six years was engaged on a boat in various capacities, on the Mississippi and 842 FRANKLIN COUNTY. Ohio Eivers, and after his father's death he returned and assumed charge of the farm until he enlisted in Company F, Forty-fourth Illinois Infantry, at the war's outbreak. He was transferred to the Eleventh Kentucky Cavalry, operating in the Army of the West and of Tennessee. He was in several prominent battles, slightly wounded at Pea Ridge, and captured at Maryville, Tenn., in November, 1863, and held as prisoner in and about Eichmond, Va. After four years' service and suffering he returned, and in October, 18(35, married Mrs. Mahala Smith, daughter of Allen and Jane Webb, and a native of this county. Their children are William T.. George B., Samuel M., Charles F., Sadie J. and Ada J. With the exception of five years in Missouri he has made Franklin County his home. Since 1884 he has been on his present well improved farm of eighty acres, five miles northeast of Thompsonville. He has been a black- smith also since the war, until the last few years, in which he has been farming exclusively, although in feeble health con- tracted by his war exposures. He is a Republican, and cast his first vote for Lincoln. He is an Odd Fellow and member of the G. A. R. He and his wife are faithful members of the Christian Church. Hon. Francis M. Youngblood. Hon. Francis M. Youngblood, attorney at law, was born in Perry County, III, March 15, 1835, the son of Isaiah I. and Electra (Jones) Youngblood, natives, respectively, of Georgia and New York, The father came to this county in 1816, mar- ried near old Frankfort, and after several years, moved to Tennes- see. Two years later he returned, moved to Perry County, and farmed successfully until his death, August 1, 1850. He was a Primitive Baptist minister. The mother died January 7, 1841. Eight of ten children are living: Corrina I., wife of George W. Sturdevant, of Jefferson County, 111. ; Louisa H., wife of John P. Ford, of Los Angeles County, Cal. ; Lavina C, wife of BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 843 M. C. Hawkins, Carbondale, 111. ; Sarah A., wife of John E. Haw- kins, Perry County, HI; William J.; our subject; Edmund D., county judge, Shawneetown, and Rachel C, wife of ^Y. W. Eob- ertson, of Frankfort, 111. Two elder daughters, Susan B., wife of Daniel Ward, died in 1877, and Emily C, wife of W. Wilson, died in 1861. Our subject, reared on the farm, and educated in the public schools, taught school in 1858-59, and in 1859 was elected assessor and treasurer of Perry County, serving two years, also reading law under Judge Parrish, of Duquoin. He was admitted in April, 1861. In the January following, after his term expired, he removed to Benton, where he has been remarkably suc- cessful ever since. In 1864 he was defeated for State's attorney- ship of the district on account of being in a hopeless minority. In 1868, he was elected prosecuting attorney for the same district, serving four years. In November, 1872, he was elected State senator from the Forty-seventh District, served with honor and declined a renomination. In 1880 he was elected to the Lower House, serving two years. In 1886 he was candidate for county judge, against the present incumbent. He has been an active advocate for public enterprises, such as building public works and railroads. His railroad attorneyship, held since the road's existence, is probably what defeated him for county judge, it is supposed. December 23, 1858, he married Narcissa E. Eaton, of Perry County, in. Their children are Ransom A. (cashier of Benton Bank), Dougherty V., Joseph E., Louisa R. and Laura A. He has ever been an active Democrat, stumping the entire judicial and senatorial districts in his various canvasses. He is a Royal Arch Mason, and was Master of the local lodge nine consecutive years. He is a Knight of Honor. BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 845 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. Hon. Willis Allen. Hon. Willis Allen (deceased), a prominent citizen of William- son County, was born in Wilson County, Tenn., in 1806, and came to Illinois, to what was then Franklin County, in 1830, with his wife Elizabeth, Jiee Joiner, and first located in Crab Orchard District, in 1834 He was elected sheriff, moved to old Frankfort, and seryed four years. He was elected to the Legisla- ture in 1838, and served in the Assembly that passed the act cre- ating Williamson County. In May, 1840, he moved to Marion, practiced law successfully, and was State's attorney. He was a State senator, a member of the constitutional convention of 1847, and was elected to Congress twice — in 1850 and 1852. He was circuit judge, and died April 19, 1859, while holding court at Harrisburg. He was a Democrat and a Mason. Of four sons and three daughters, three sons and two daughters survive him. Two sons and two daughters now living are William J. (attorney at Springfield, and ex-judge of circuit court), Robert M., Mrs. Dr. Lodge and Mrs. H. Hendrickson. Judge William J. was born in Tennessee June 9, 1829, reared to manhood in this county, attended B. G. Eoot's school at Tamarora, and, besides studying law with his father, graduated from the law department of Lou- isville University. He began practice here in 1850, and was a member of the Legislature of 1854-55. President Pierce appointed him United States Attorney for the Southern District of Illinois, and held the same until 1859. In 1861 he was elected to Congress to serve an unexpired term of Gen. Logan, and was re-elected in 1862. He was a member of the constitutional con- 846 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. vention of 1861. In 1865 lie engaged in practice at Cairo, and in 1870 was a member of the constitutional convention. He removed to Carbondale in 1874, and was a delegate to every National Democratic convention except the Greeley campaign. July, 1886, he moved to Springfield, where he now practices law. In December, 1858, he married Annie McKeen, of this county, a native of Cass County, Ind. He is a Mason, an Odd Fellow, and religiously, an Episcopalian, In 1887 he was appointed United States District Judge for southern Illinois in Judge Treat's seat, made vacant by death. J. E. Allen. J. E. Allen, merchant and speculator, was born in 1840, in Williamson County, the third of eight children of John A. and Luvisa (Swaner) Allen. The father, a farmer and tobacco specu- lator, was born in 1819 in North Carolina, and came to this county when about fifteen. After marriage he bought 400 acres of land on which lie resided until his death in February, 1861, one of the oldest settlers in the county. The mother was born in 1823, in North Carolina, near Ealeigh, came to Franklin County with her parents, and died on the old homestead in 1867. Our subject was educated in the county, and in 1866 married Lovina, daugh- ter of Wilson and Jane Huddleston, born in 1847 in Saline County. Their children are John, Jane, Columbus, Elmer, Frank, Roscoe and Walter. In 1866 he engaged in farming, which he followed about two years, during which time he served as justice. He then lived two years in Lawrence County, Mo., and also two years in Bates County, and Cass County seven years, farming and speculating in live stock successfully. In 1880 he came to Crab Orchard and engaged with M. J. Brewer in shipping live stock and poultry to New Orleans. In 1881 he organized the firm of Allen, Brewer, Travelstead & Co., dealers in general mer- chandise, and tobacco buyers. They have about $7,000 worth of BIOGKAPHICAL APPENDIX. 847 stock. In March, 1864, he eDlisted in Company F, One Hun- dred and Forty-fifth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and in November, 1864, was honorably discharged. He has been an active Repub- lican, and holds a high position in the G. A. E. ; is a Vice Grand of the Odd Fellows lodge. He and his wife are members of the Missionary Baptist Church. John B. Bainbridge. John B. Bainbridge, was born in Williamson County Febru- ary 19, 1837. The eaily part of his life was spent on a farm and with the ordinary school advantages, and at the age of eighteen he removed to Marion, and entered the store of Goodall & Pulley as clerk, which position he retained for about five years. Septem- ber 8, 1859, he was married to Josephine, daughter of James T. Goddard, then one of the most active business men of that section. Mrs. Bainbridge is an accomplished lady, educated at St. Vin- cent, Ky., the mother of five children — three boys and two girls, in the enjoyment of splendid health at the age of forty- four years. In 1860 our subject engaged in business for himself in the old Bainbridge Block, and a year later took in as partner Mr. George Campbell, who after five years withdrew. Mr. Bain- bridge next entered the firm of J. T. Goddard & Co., and after a year the old firm of Bainbridge & Campbell again resumed busi- ness, and after Mr. Campbell again withdrew, the firm was Bain- bridge & Hall. Then L. A. Goddard became a partner, and lastly Mr. Bainbridge has assumed entire control. These changes, not the result of discordance, simply grew out of the lively busi- ness of the period, and he, never a feverish speculator, has by his carefulness and good judgment become owner of two well stocked and improved farms near town, and ten dwelling-houses, besides a three-story brick business block, the lower story of which he occupies. He is genial, and if possible, honest to a fault. He is a Republican, general merchant and Odd Fellow, and a worker in the Methodist Episcopal Church. •848 williamson county. Dayid Barth. David Barth, farmer and stock dealer, was born in St. Clair County in 1844, the youngest of ten children of John and Chris- tiana Barth, natives of Germany, where they were reared. They married about 1821. In 1834 they came to St. Clair County, direct, their permanent home. The father died May 5, 1877, aged about eighty-two years, and the mother in May, 1858, at about fifty-five years of age, the latter being a member of the Lutheran Church, the father being a Catholic. The latter was also a well educated man. For seven years he served as a soldier under Napoleon Bonaparte, and in his later years, in St. Clair County, was one of its most successful farmers. He gave a farm to each child as his majority was reached. Our subject lost his mother at an early age, and was hired out to his elder brother for several years, receiving his education in the public schools of St. Clair County. April 19, 1864, he married Mrs. Lucinda Blake, daughter of Willis and Feriba Holder, natives of Nashville, and Smith County, Tenn., respectively. She was born in Jefferson County, 111., August 4, 1837. Three of four children are living: Eobert D., Edward W. and Arthur W. In 1881 he left St. Clair County and came to his present fine farm of 260 acres, highly cultivated and improved, with a two.story residence, three miles northwest of Marion, most of which has been the outcome of his financial abilities and industry. He has long been in the live stock trade, also. Two sons have been licensed to teach, witli hisfh sfrade certificates. He is a Democrat, and first voted for Seymour. De. Alonzo Pulaski Baker. Dr. Alonzo Pulaski Baker was born in 1848 in Benton County, Tenn. [For sketch of his parents see that of Dr. Miles D. Baker.] Alonzo was two years old when his parents came to Williamson County, and December 25, 1863, he left home and enlisted in Company I, Thirteenth Illinois Cavalry. He was BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX, 849 made corporal at the organization, and participated in two regu- lar engagements and in many skirmishes. He was on active duty until the close of the war, and was discharged September 22, 1865. His public-school education had not been neglected, and on returning he became a teacher, teaching both winter and sum- mer, until 1872, when he began the study of his profession under Dr. James P. Throgmortou, with whom he studied three years. In 1875 he graduated from the Ohio Medical College at Cincin- nati, since which time he has been actively engaged in practice. April 7, 1869, he married Martha J. Matheny, who was born March 8, 1850, in Weakley County, Tenn. Their children are Jonathan G., Miles D., Virgil A., Elsada and Marcus W. His wife died August 1, 1885, and the same year he married Eliza- beth Graves Day, born in Smith County, Tenn., in 1851. Beren- ice is their only child. The brothers have been in partnership several years, both in practice and agricultural pursuits. They have a fine tract of 1,000 acres of land, with fine residences and barns, and well improved. In 1884 they established a general store at Cottage Home, with a stock of about $3,600, in which they are also engaged. The Doctor has an extensive practice, and is an obliging gentleman. He is a Republican, a Master Mason (Lodge No. 434), a member of the Southern Illinois Medical Association, and he and his wife are members of the Missionary Baptist Church. Dr. Miles D. Baker. Dr. Miles D. Baker is a native of Williamson County, and first saw the light in 1853, the son of Jonathan A. and Matilda C. (Sanders) Baker. The father was of English origin, born in 1821 in Mecklenburg County, N. C. He was a farmer, and when fif- teen went to Benton County, Tenn., where he was married in 1847. In 1850 he came to Williamson County and bought forty acres in Section 33, Grassy Precinct, where he [)assed his life. With strong Union sentiments he enlisted in August, 1861, in Com- 850 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. pany E, Thirty -first Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and fought at Belmont, Fort Donelson, Vicksburg, Atlanta, Raymond, ei al., serving three years and three months, and was discharged at Springfield. At this time he owned 600 acres. His death, which occurred October 14, 1876, was hastened by the effects of yellow fever, which he -had during the w^ar. The mother was born in Benton County in 1829 and died in 1874. Dr. Baker is the youngest of five children, and after his common school life, he began at nineteen the study of medicine under Dr. F. M. Agnew, of Makanda, 111., with whom he studied two years. February 25, 1874, he graduated from the Ohio Medical College of Cincinnati, and in 1876 graduated from Missouri Medical College, at St. Louis with an ad eundem degree. He at once began practice at Section 28, Grassy Precinct, and March 22, 1877, he married Rhoda J. Gallegly, of Union County, 111., born in 1853. Their children are Frederick L., Roscoe, Kittie Washington and Lester Wade. He is a man of good business ability, and well skilled in his profession. He is a Republican; a Mason, Lodge No. 719, and an Odd Fellow, Lodge No. 232, Carbondale. He and his wife are members of the Missionary Baptist Church. M. L. Bakek. M. L. Baker, attorney and counselor at law, was born in Ben- ton County, Tenn., January 5, 1856. His father moved to Will- iamson County when our subject was two years old, and bought a farm in the southwest corner of the county, where he was reared and attended school about three months each winter. After his sixteenth year he taught in winter and farmed in summer, and when eighteen attended the Southern Normal University one term and afterward Ewing College two terms, paying his expenses by labor during the intervening vacations. He studied law under Hon. F. M. Youngblood and Judge D. M. Browning, of Benton, Franklin Co., 111., and was admitted to the bar in 1881 at Mount BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 851 Vernon. He opened an office in April, 1882, at Carterville, this county, and began practice "dead busted," as be tersely puts it. At the spring election of 1885 he was elected city attorney for two years. In April, 1883, be moved to Marion, and was appointed master in chancery in July, 1886. He was initiated in Carbon- dale Lodge, I. O. O. F,, but now belongs to Williamson Lodge, No. 392. He has held every office in the gift of the subordinate lodge, and in 1885 was elected to the office of treasurer of the Southern Illinois Anniversary Associaton, I. O. O. F. He is a promising lawyer, clear and argumentative in speech, Avhether at the bar or upon the stump. He is a strong Republican, and popular with his party. Dr. Griffin J. Baker. Dr. Griffin J. Baker, of Section 28, Grassy Precinct, was born in Williamson County, May 27, 1851, the son of Jonathan and Matilda C. (Sanders) Baker. After his public school education, the Doctor became a teacher at seventeen, and taught four terms in Williamson and Jackson Counties. May 28, 1872, he married Lucy A., daughter of Isaac and Martha J. Allen, born in 1855 in Benton County, Tenn. Their children are Rhoda M., Carl and Ada. He at once began farming on the old home place, and in 1874 he began the study of medicine under his brothers, Drs. Alonzo and Miles. In the autumn of 1875 he entered the Missouri Medical College, of St. Louis, and attended for two terms. In the spring of 1878 he became actively engaged in practice, and has had great success in its extent, and in becoming one of the leading physicians of his region. He now owns 320 acres in the home farm, 200 acres of which are well cultivated, and 215 acres of improved land in Johnson and this county. From the Globe Dcmocraf of May 15, 1886, we clip the following statement : "Dr. G. J. Baker, of Cottage Home, estimated wealth, $35,000; taxes, $300; assessment, 815,000; raises a variety 852 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. o£ farm products, corn, wheat, oats, hay, potatoes, large and small fruits, and various kinds of live stock; practicing physician; Kepublican, and served on the county board from 1881 to 1884; native of this county ; self-made man." Besides his two-story frame dwelling, erected in 1879 at a cost of $1,800, he has good barns and other improvements, and all bespeak the thrift and business capacity of the Doctor. Politically he is a " stalwart " Republican casting his first vote for Grant. He is an Odd Fellow, of Carbon- dale Lodge, No. 233, and Golden Rule Encampment, No. 60, and he and his wife are members of the Free-Will Baptist Church. Andrew J. Benson. Andrew J. Benson, druggist, was born in AVilliamson County March 25, 1855, the son of Archibald T. Benson, whose sketch see elsewhere. Our subject was reared and educated at Marion, 111., and first began the drug business with his brother, W. L., in 1870, at Crab Orchard. In 1871 he came to Marion, and attended college for three years, retiring with the first honors of the school. In 1874 he engaged in his present drug business in Marion, then owned by Hundley & Holland, and later by William A. Dunaway. In 1879 Mrs. Benson assumed control, and has since conducted a successful business, with one of the hirgest and best selected stock of drugs, paints, oils, fancy and toilet articles, etc., in Marion. Mr. Benson commenced at the bottom round of the ladder, and his success is due to his own individual unaided efPorts. He was married, on June 1, 1881, to Miss Addie L. Fellows, of Livonia, N. Y. The union has been a happy one, blessed by two children: Fannie F. and Bernie. He is a prominent Democrat, but has never aspired to office ; is a member of the Masonic and Odd Fellow organizations, in each of which he has received the highest honors, and is one of the most reliable and enterprising business men of Marion. BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 853 Samuel C. Boles. Samuel C. Boles, farmer, was born in Williamson County in 1847, the son of Samuel C. and Elizabeth (Epps) Boles. The father, of English-Irish stock, born in Dixon County, Tenn., in 1804, married in 1834 in his native county, and in 1840 came to this county and settled in Southern Precinct, on the farm where William Price now lives. In 1849 he bought 160 acres in Eight Mile Precinct, now owned by A. D. Blankenship. In connec- tion with farming he was very skillful in the treatment of can- cer by means of his own prepared medicines. After his death, the mother, who was born in Montgomery County, Tenn., in 1814, married John Bobinson. She died in 1886, and of eight children by her first marriage, our subject is the only survivor He was nine years old when his father died, and lived with his mother until twenty years of age, when he began as a day laborer on the farm. December 14, 1873, he married Louiza, daughter of John and Elizabeth Stephens, born in 1855 in this county. Dallas S. is their only child. He located near his present home, and now owns 140 acres, 120 of which are well cultivated. In 1885 he erected a $723 residence, with other improvements. He is a Democrat, first voting for Greeley. He is a member of the F. M. B. A., and his wife belongs to the Missionary Baptist Church. Thomas Bones. Thomas Bones, merchant, was born in 1834 in Sussex, Eng- land, the eldest of five children of Thomas, Sr., and Philadelphia (Wright) Bones. The father, a farmer, born in Sussex also, came to Edwards County, 111., in 1840, and after six years moved to Clay County, where he died in 1852. The mother was born in Sussex County, England, and died on the old homestead in 1881. Our subject was educated in Clay County, and worked on a farm until twenty-five years of age. He then attended school one year, and engaged in teaching until 1861. He then 854 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. married Martha J., daugliter of Joliii and Jane Tate, born in 1843, in Edwards County, 111. Their children are Lucian F., Homer C, Camilla E., John C, Norman T., Eugene F., Olive M., Koscoe O., Kate and Mellie J. Four are deceased. In Au- gust, 1861, he enlisted in Company G, Twenty-sixth Illinois Vol- unteer Infantry, and was engaged at New Madrid, Island No. 10, Farmington, Corinth, luka, Corinth again, Jackson and Missionary Eidge. In 1864 he re-enlisted as a veteran. May 13, 1864, he lost the two forefingers of his left hand at Eesacca, Ga., and October 11 was honorably discharged. He then returned and taught for two years, and after farming in Clay County three years he purchased eighty acres in Williamson County, on which he remained five years. He then came to Crab Orchard, where he bought a residence and served eight years as postmaster. In February, 1877, he became partner, and a year later proprietor in the drug business. A year later he sold out and began his present merchandise business, carrying a $1,500 stock. He is a Eepublican, first voting for Douglas. He is a member of the G. A. E., and he and his wife are Methodists. Eeuben Bokton. Eeuben Borton, miller and dealer in real estate, was born November 17, 1822, in Guernsey County, Ohio, the eldest of eight children (three deceased) of James and Mariah (Wilson) Borton, the former of English origin, born in 1801, in Mount Holly, N. J., and the latter in 1802, in Loudon County, Va. In 1820 they were married in Guernsey County, Ohio, where they were reared from childhood, and the father here farmed and dis- tilled essential oils; he died in 1864. The mother died in 1855. Our subject, educated in the home schools of his native county, married when twenty-three, and followed his father's business. In 1850 he went to California and mined extensively, paying some men as high as $10 per day. He returned via Acapulco, Mexico BI0GRAPH1CA.L APPENDIX. 855 City and Vera Cruz, Mexico, and New Orleans, to his native county. In 1859, four years after liis wife's death, he mined in Colorado four years, then in Montana four years, and after a winter's visit home he went to California and engaged three years in the lum- ber business at Truckee. For five years after he was a San Francisco hotel proprietor. While in Colorado he married his second wife, who died at San Francisco in 1872. Their children are Arthy, in Washington Territory, and James, a druggist in St. Louis. In 1877 he came by rail to Marion, and began milling and distilling essential oils. In 1880 he married Mattie, daugh- ter of Levi and Fannie (Cole) Simmons, born about 1840 in Obion County, Tenn. Their children are Maud and Wetzel, the latter a namesake of our subject's brother, Louis Wetzel, named in honor of the famous Indian fighter. In 1885 he abandoned his business and became county commissioner and dealer in real estate. In 1886 he bought Stoller's half in- terest in the Prindle & Stoller Mills. Josephine, now with her grandmother in Ohio, was his first wife's only child. Notwithstanding an adventurous and changing career, making and losing fortunes in the mines, our subject now owns 300 acres of fine land, is stockholder in the Creal Springs Improvement Company, besides other property and mining claims in Colorado. He is an alderman of Marion, and will probably continue so. He is a stanch Democrat, first voting for Polk. He has been a Mason forty-two years. He has been a good traveler in every State and Territory in the United States, in Mexico and Canada. The Bortons have always been Quakers. His wife is a member of the Missionary Baptist Church. Joseph M. Brandon. Joseph M. Brandon, notary public, farmer, and stock raiser, was born in Jackson County July 17, 1845, the third of four children of Thomas and Jane (Tyget) Brandon. The father, 856 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. born in Yellowbusli County, Ala., in 1817, was the son of Joseph Brandon, of Irish stock, and volunteer in the war of 1812, who removed to Jackson County in early days, where his career ended. Thomas was married about 1840, and located in the river bottoms of Union County until 1844, when, driven out by high water, he went to Jackson County, located four miles southeast of Carbondale, and farmed until his death in April, 1858. He was a man of influence, and served as constable at the time of his death. The mother, born in Virginia, November 21, 1821, is still living with her son, J. M., and is a member of the Missionary Baptist Church. Our subject received a good business education, and August 20, 1865, married Martha B., daughter of John A. and Angeline Allmon, born in Tennessee in 1850. Five of eight children are living: Mary A., William A., Bosy A., John P. and Ida J. In 1873 he left his mother's farm, and bought a farm near by, but since 1875 has lived on his present farm, the owner of 160 acres of fine land ten miles southwest of Marion, all the product of his care and ability. In 1882 he was elected justice to fill an unexpired term, and in 1885 was re-elected, with no case as yet reversed from his decision by the superior courts. For two years he has been notary public, appointed by Gov. Oglesby. He is a public-spirited man, and has served as school director almost ever since his majority. He is a local leading Democrat, and first voted for McClellan. He is a prominent Mason, member of the Missionary Baptist Church, and of the F. M. B. A, Mrs. Brandon is a Free-Will Baptist. M. J. Beewee. M. J. Brewer, merchant, was born in 1840 in Marshall County, Ky., the fifth of six children of Ambrose and Kebecca (Gowen) Brewer. The father, a farmer, born in 1818, in North Carolina, went to Tennessee with his parents, and after marriage lived in Marshall County, Ky., until 1863. He then BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 857 bought eighty acres of land in Williamson County, but in 1870 sold it, and moved to near Harrisburg, Saline County, where his death occurred in 1879. The mother, born in 1822, in Tennessee, died in 1868. Our subject was educated in Marshall County, Tenu., and in August, 18G2, enlisted in Company C, One Hundred and Tenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry. He fought at Stone Kiver, Chickamauga, Missionary Eidge, Kesaca, Dallas, Buzzard's Eoost, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Peach Tree Creek, Savannah and Bentonville (N. C. ). In 1863 he was made sergeant, serving until the close of the war, and discharged from service in June, 1865. In 1867 he married Amanda, daughter of John and Luvica Allen, born in this county in 1848. Their children are John A. L., Laura B., Sherman, Oscar, Edgar, Gilbert, Leo, Mirtie and Charles. In 1880 he was elected constable and served one term. He owns seventy-five acres of good land, and a fine town residence. He entered partnership with J. E. Allen, in shipping poultry, and a year later, Allen & Brewer became dealers in general merchandise; the present firm is described in the sketch of Mr. Allen. In politics he is a Republican, first voting for Grant in 1868. He is an Odd Fellow and a member of the G. A. R., and he and his wife are members of the Missionary Baptist Church. Frank Brown. Frank Brown, a prominent farmer, was born in L^nion County, 111., in 1831, the son of Rev. Jeremiah and Rebecca (Henderson) Brown, for sketch of whom see that of Capt. John Brown. Frank was educated in the pioneer school, four miles' Avalk distant, and when fifteen, after his father's death, he lived a year with his brother-in-law. Grant AVaggoner. For the next four years he was learning the tinner's trade in Jonesboro, and the next year engaged as a currier. In 1850 he came to Bain- bridge, where he and his brother-in-law bought the tanyard, and 858 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. conducted it for three years. April 15, 1852, he married Eliza- beth, daughter of Samuel Duiiaway, born in Bainbridge April 1-1, 183G, Their children are Ann K. (deceased), Melissa. John W., Agustus E., George W. (deceased), Samuel and Otis F. He lived in Carbondale one year, Marion the same length of time, five years in Bainbridge, and after marriage he traded his tanyard for his present farm of eighty acres in Section 21, where he has lived since 1865. Before coming to William- son County, his last year in the tanning business at 35 per month and clothing himself, netted him but $21 to start in this county, where he now owns 600 acres of fine land, and two houses and lots in Creal Springs. In politics he is a Conserva- tive, and votes rather for principle, which now takes the form of Prohibition. From 1862 he served eight years as justice, and declined three other elections to the office, and from the time of the present school law he was school director until within a few years, when he declined further service. He is a member of the Grange, and he, his wife, and three children are members of the Missionary Baptist Church, which they joined September 25, 1854. At sixteen he was six months on probation in the Methodist Episcopal Church. Since 1867 he has been a deacon in the church. John and Gus joined in 1876 and Melissa in 1873. Dr. Curtis Brown. Dr. Curtis Brown, physician, and merchant, was born in 1852 in Bainbridge, this county, the fourth of ten children (one deceased) of John and Martha J. (Wilkins) Brown, both born in 1826, the former of German stock, a native of Union County, 111., and the latter a native of South Carolina and of Scotch-Irish origin. When two years old the mother M^ent to East Tennessee, and they soon after came to Union County, 111. The father served in the Mex- ican war, and after his return the marriage occurred. They lived on a farm in Union County about three years, then came to BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 859 Bainbridge, our subject's native place, and about a year after his birth they settled on their present farm, near the site of Carter- ville, where the father now owns 320 acres of well improved land. He was a tanner at Bainbridge and had to haul over land to St. Louis the leather he made, and, returning, he usually brought a load of goods. He was also in the civil war from 18G2 to 1864, the latter part first as private, then elected captain of his (Fed- eral) company. Both parents are hale and robust, still living on the old homestead. Our subject was educated at the high school (now southern Illinois Normal) of Carbondale. When eighteen he taught for a year; in 1874 graduated from the Missouri Med- ical College and returned to Crainville, Williamson County, practicing his profession and managing a drug store. Brown & Waggoner's (afterward Brown & Son's), for five years. He then moved to Herrin's Prairie, and bought a farm of 120 acres, and practiced there also until 1883. He then erected Brown's Creal Springs Hotel, the first building erected in that place, and left his large practice in Herrin's Prairie on account of ill health. He was successful in the hotel business for four years, when he began merchandising in February, 1887, and sold the hotel. In June 1874, he married Louisa C, daughter of Oliver and Julia A. ( 8piller)Herrin. Their children are Clara, Bertie and Mettie. His wife was born in 1852,and partly educated at what is now known as the Southern Illinois Normal, which received its name from her grandfathei'. He is an active Democrat, and was president of the village board for two years, and resigned in 1886. He is one of the promising young business men of his region. His father, mother, and five sisters are prominent members of the Mis- sionary Baptist Church. Capt. John Brown. Capt. John Brown was born in Union County, 111., in 1826, the son of Kev. Jeremiah and Rebecca (Henderson) Brown. 860 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. Father of our subject was twice married, the first wife being our subject's mother, who reached forty at the time of her death, when subject was eight years old. His father was a Baptist minister and farmer, and died in 1848, about fifty-eight years old. Our subject, after his home life and school days, was mar- ried in 1847 to Martha J., daughter of John G. and Sarah Wil- kius, of Union County. They had a family of ten children, of whom nine are living — seven are daughters and two sons — one son (M. D. ) and four daughters being married, the third one being a graduate of Mount Carroll Seminary, who is now running a seminary of her own at Creal Springs, 111. He left the farm in Union County in. 1852 and located in Bainbridge, this county, and engaged in the tanning business. Since 1855 he has been living on his present farm, excepting a short time at Carbondale engaged in hotel business, and three years at Craneville in merchandising. He has one of the most valuable and beautiful farms in the county. He has been in two wars — • the Mexican and our late civil war, one year in the former, parti- cipating at Buena Vista, and in the latter enlisting in August, 1862, in the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Illinois Infantry, captain of Company D, serving six mouths on guard duty at Cairo, when the measles caused the disbanding of the regiment through a loss of half its number. He served one year as a member of the county court and two years as an associate justice. He has always been an active Democrat, but cast his first vote for Gen. Taylor, on account of his war record. Subject, his wife and all his people, who are professors, are members of the Missionary Baptist Church. Emanuel H. Bulliner. Emanuel H. Bulliner, farmer, was born in McNairy County^ Tenn,, in 1855, the son of George and Nancy (Plunk) Bulliner, The father, born in North Carolina in 1812 of German stock, was a farmer, and when a boy came with his mother to McNairy BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 861 County, Tenn., where he married. In 1865 he came to this county, bought 205 acres in Eight Mile Precinct, and at his death, December 12, 1873, he owned about 600 acres.' He was assassinated by Thomas Russell, while on horseback, bound to Carbondale, and lived but about two hours after, dying near the Jackson- Williamson County line. The mother, also of German origin, born in 1822 in North Carolina, died in 1876. Eight of their eleven children are living: John, Mon- roe, Emanuel H., Elizabeth (wife of J. C. S. Halstead), Mary (wife of John Gamble), Adeline (wife of A. Smith), Amanda (wife of P. Crain) and Martha (wife of S. Smith). Our sub- ject was educated in Tennessee and in this county, and when eighteen he began farming for himself. In April, 1875, he mar- ried Mary, daughter of William Tyner, born in 1855 in this county. Grace, George, Burnice and Bertha are their children. He located near the old homestead, in 1885 bought his pres- ent farm of 120 acres in Eight Mile Precinct, and soon erected a 1600 'dwelling and ^400 barn. He owns 200 acres. He is not a party man, but votes independently, on principle. He is a member of the F. M. B. A., and his wife of the Christian Church. James M. Burkhart. James M. Burkhart, merchant, was born near Knoxville, Tenn., June 8, 1841, and was reared on the farm. Besides com- mon school advantages he had two terms at Walnut Grove Academy, near Knoxville, and in early life worked as a carpen- ter, and also as a teacher. His Union sentiments caused him to come to Illinois in 1862, and began, like Lincoln, as a rail- splitter, but was soon engaged near Marion as a superintendent in a tobacco warehouse until 1868, when he became a clerk for Goodall & Campbell. In 1873 he and Mr. Hardin Goodall became the firm of Goodall & Burkhart, dry-goods dealers, and continued successfully. Since 1883 our subject has been sole 862 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. owner of the business, and is now considered in every respect one of the best and most successful men in his community. In 1872 he married Mary E., daughter of the late Elijah N. Spiller, one of the largest land holders in the county. His fine residence is built after his own plans, and his large brick store room is a model of convenience. He has also a sewing machine depart- ment, to which he has given considerable attention. He has long been a Republican and an active Knight Templar. He is now Worshipful Master of the lodge at Marion. John H. Burnett. John H. Burnett, sheriff of Williamson County, was born there September 29, 1844, the son of Thomas H. and Nancy C. (Parks) Burnett, natives of Tennessee. The father was born in 1813, and came to Illinois when a young man, early in the thir- ties, following farming in Rock Creek Precinct until his death in 1875. Our subject was reared and educated in the county, was a teacher for several terms in early life, and later began farming in Rock Creek Precinct, at which he continued, together with stock raising, until November, 1886, when he was elected sheriff, an office which he has faithfully and efficiently filled. March 27, 1867, he married Mary A. Davis, of this county. Their children are Jaley, Cordelia, Eliza Jane, Otis Herman, Minnie O. (deceased), Lillie P., Amma and Estella. He is a Republican, and was a member of Company E, One Hundred and Forty -fifth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, of the hundred days' service. He is one of the G. A. R., and a member of the Missionary Baptist Church — a reliable citizen and official. Marion C. Campbell. Marion C. Campbell of Marion, native of Williamson County, was born January 12, 1834, the son of Cyrus and Hannah (Wiley) Campbell, natives of Scotland and North Carolina respect- BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 863 ively. The father came to the United States with two other brothers in 1798, being but seven years old at the time. He married in North Carolina, and in 1820 moved to Robertson County, Tenn. In 1824 he came to Illinois, located on Eight Mile Prairie, and in 1845 came to Marion, where he died in July of that year. He Avas for several years a magistrate, being a Democrat, and was one of the county commissioners when this county was separated from Franklin County, He fol- 1 owed millwrighting and wagon -making, the latter chiefly. He was a Baptist. Our subject was reared and educated here, and began mercantile life with his brother James M. in Marion, when six- teen years of age. They continued in this, the milling and stock business, until 1857, when he became a partner of John Goodall, with whom he has been associated ever since, except during the war, when he was engaged in the cotton business in the South exclusively. He is one of the few successful speculators in tobacco. His first wife, Hannah F. Cunningham, died in 1864. Their only daughter is Annie C. (wife of John D. R. Turner, Marion). In 1866 he married a sister of his first wife, Cyrene H. John A. is their only child. Both wives were sisters of Mrs. Gen. Logan. Our subject is a Democrat, and has been connected with the County Agricultural Society since its inception, and is president of the same. He is a member of the K. of H., K. & L. of H., and of the Christian Church. Laban Carter. Laban Carter, retired farmer and speculator, Carterville, was born in Stanly County, N. C, August 28, 1822, the son of Levi and Jane (Holt) Carter. The father of English stock, born in 1791 in North Carolina, went to Henry County, Tenn., in 1823, and bought 218 acres on which he passed his life. He died in 1845. The mother, of German lineage, a native of North 864 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. Carolina, was born in 1791, and died in 1829. Laban, the only sur- vivor of seven children, was only seven when his mother died, and with the meager pioneer school advantages he received hardly a common-school education, Henry County was the scene of this. He remained at home with his father until of age. October 2, 1844, he married Berrilia Jackson, born in Bedford County, Tenn., in 1829. Mary A. (wife of John Black), James N. and Levi M. are the children. He lived in Weakley County for three years, and then became owner of 113 acres in Henry County. In May, 1862, he enlisted in Company A, Seventh Ten- nessee Infantry, and after five months' service he was discharged on account of disability at Trenton, October 3. His wife died in 1860, and September 5, 1861, he married Nancy, daughter of William and Orpha (Smith) Snodgrass, born in 1839 in Jones- boro, Tenn. Their children are Sarah J. (wife of Samuel Bundy) , Barnett H., Minnie D., Thomas E. and Maggie D. In 1863 he came to Jackson County, and six months later moved to Franklin County. In the fall of 1864 he moved to Williamson County, and bought 100 acres of land in Carterville Precinct. In Novem- ber, 1872, he succeeded in locating a postoffice at Carterville, which postoffice and the city which grew up around it were named in honor as the founder and foster father of them both. He soon added forty acres, and in 1872 leased 120 acres to the Carbon- dale Coal & Coke Company for ninety-nine years or as long as the coal lasted. He now owns 440 acres, has a lease of 680 acres, and is an able business man. In politics he is a Republican, first vot- ing for Polk as a Democrat before the war. He was magistrate of the Fifth District of Henry County, Tenn., six years, and held the same office in Williamson County, being elected in 1874. He is a Mason, and he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church lie being one of its trustees. He is also a stockholder and director of the St. Louis Coal Railroad. j^^ CARTERVILLE ILL. BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 867 George B. Chamness. George B. Chamness, proprietor of the East Side Hotel, Creal Springs, was born May 26, 1831, in Williamson Gounty, the eldest of nine children (two deceased) of Wiley B. and Sarah (Krantz) Chamness, the former a descendant of William Penn, and said to be of Dutch origin, born in 1812 in Buncombe County, N. C, and the latter of German-French stock, born in the same year in Eobinson County, Tenn. The father came to Franklin County when but a boy of six years, and the mother came, when an orphan girl of twelve years, with her sister and a Sanders family; both were reared in the pioneer advantages and disadvantages of old Franklin (now Williamson) County, and married about 1830. They settled on their tract of land near Crab Orchard, and remained until the father's death in 1882, where the mother still survives him at the fair old age of seventy-five years. Our subject was educated in the earliest form of the pioneer log schoolhouse, and remained at home until of age, although he married at twenty. When of age he settled his tract near Crab Orchard, and in November, 1885, moved to his present home and business in Creal Springs. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company H, Ninth Illinois Mounted Infantry, served until mustered out at Louisville in July, 1865, and later honorably discharged at Springfield. He was with Sherman at Kenesaw, Atlanta and to the sea. Amanda Frey, his first wife, was born in 1831, in Logan County, Ky., and died in 1861 near Crab Orchard, the mother of six children, of whom but two survive. He then married Martha J. E., daughter of James and Elizabeth (Donihoo) Turnage, born October 25, 1840, in Calloway County, Ky. Five of their ten children are living. John and Lane, the children of his first wife, are farmers with families. George D., Laura, Ambrose, Frank and Sallie are the children of his second marriage. Our subject has been a hard worker, and now owns 200 acres of good land, 160 acres of 868 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. which he traded for his present toAvn property. Since the late war he has been a Republican chiefly, was constable two years, and from 1867 eight years a justice, giving satisfaction. Before the war he was a Democrat, and first voted for Pierce. He is a Mason, Chapel Hill Lodge, No. 719. Our subject, his wife, and the eldest three children are members of the Missionary Baptist Church. Albert L. Cline. Albert L. Cline, of Marion, is a native of Williamson County, and was born September 20, 1851, the son of Jefferson and Serelda J. (Abshire) Cline, the latter a native of Kentucky. The father came to this county in the forties locating ten miles east of Marion, and later a resident of Stone Fort, his present home. Our subject was reared and educated in this county, came to Marion in 1870, and followed farming and teaming until 1878. Since then he has been in the grocery business, and for the last year has also conducted a first-class bakery, controlling a large trade in Marion and the county. February 8, 1874:, he became the husband of Florence A. McCowin, of this county. Their children are Otto, Earl and Minnie Ethel. He is a Dem- ocrat, a member of the I. O. O. F., and is one of the enter- prising citizens of Marion. James F. Connell. James F. Connell, born in Cheatham County, Tenn., near the city of Nashville, November 25, 1847 ; immigrated to Illinois in April, 1863, with his father's family, and located at Vienna, county seat of Johnson County; removed to Marion in October, 1866, and became a printer's apprentice in the oflSce of Our Flag, a small weekly paper then published by Lyman E. Knapp; worked as a journeyman printer till the spring of 1870, when he took charge of Our Flag as editor and publisher, which paper he conducted for a few months only ; again worked as a journeyman BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 869* till the spring of 1877, then became editor and publisher of the Egyptian Press, which paper he is yet in charge of; was elected justice of the peace for Marion Precinct in November, 1883; elected police magistrate for the city of JMarion in 1886, which position he still occupies. Being born of poor parents, he i& indebted to himself for the acquirement of an education and whatever attainments he possesses. He married Miss Elizabeth Broad in 1870, who bore him six children — four boys and two girls — and who died July 6, 1883; married Miss Mary Felts in 1885. The Egypiian Press, under his management as editor and publisher, is considered the leading Democratic paper in the Twentieth Congressional District. Edward G. Creal. Edward G. Creal, a prominent farmer, who discovered the* springs and founded the town which bears his name, was bona October 16, 1835, in Cumberland County, Ky., the younger of two sons of Elijah and Temperance Soberness (Wilburn) Creal^ the former of Irish stock, born in Georgia in 1795, and the latter of similar origin, born in 1808, in Kentucky. The father, when he became a man, went to Cumberland County, Ky., where he married in 1831. Soon after our subject's birth they moved to Smith County, Tenn., engaging in farming and boating, as cap- tain of a flatboat fleet of forty-two boats, and although limited in education, he carried on the tobacco and produce trade to New Orleans with satisfaction. In 1846 he went to Illinois, set- tled one mile north of Creal Springs, and there worked ancK. lived until his death in 1856. The mother then married,, in 1860, Jesse W. Seay, and lived until 1875. Our subject, attended school but very little, and remained at the home of his. parents until eighteen, when he married and located on his pres- ent farm, which he entered (Section 25, Town 10 soutli, Range- 3 east). In 1862 he enlisted in Company B, Sixth Illinois Cav- 870 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. airy, at Paducah, Ky., and served until honorably discharged at Memphis. He had billions fever during the war, which left a rupture as its effect, so that disability was the cause of his dis- charge, and he has never since been the hale man that he was. In 1881 the peculiar medicinal qualities of the springs that had opened a few years before were discovered. The event brought multitudes about them, so that a village of about 700 people has sprung up within four years, and located on a portion of our sub- ject's farm. Prospect of a railroad is giving the place a special "boom" also. His wife, Amanda C, daughter of John and Prudence (Gower) Donelson, was born February 2, 1836, in Davidson County, Tenn. Their three children are all deceased. Sarah F., however, grew to womanhood, and married John O. Taylor, by whom she had five children. She died in November, 1885. For the last twelve years our subject has been a notary public, in connection with the superintendence of his farm. He is a Kepublican and first voted for Stephen A. Douglas, and has always refused proffered official positions. He is an energetic and highly respected man and citizen. He is an Odd Fellow, and he and his wife are members of the Christian Church. Thomas N. Cripps. Thomas N. Cripps, farmer and stock raiser, was born on his present farm in Marion Precinct, in 1840, the second of eight children of Samuel and Cynthia (Pike) Cripps. The father, born in Pennsylvania, of German stock, sou of John Cripps, left his native home in early life, and was for several years a boat- man on the Ohio River, part of the time as captain of a boat. After leaving the river he went West, and was one of the pioneers of Williamson County. He soon established a general store in what is now the Bainbridge Precinct. Then after sev- eral years he was engaged in teaming for a time. He was twice married, his first wife being Anna Duncan. He afterward set- BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 871 tied on the farm on which our subject now resides, and died in 1865. The mother, born in Tennessee, died in 1862. For about forty- four years she was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Our subject was educated in the common schools, and in 1866 married Mary L., daughter of Josiah and Eleanor Denning, of Franklin County. Their only child is Lizzie. He has thus far lived on the farm of his birth, now as farmer and stock raiser, and owner of 240 acres, well improved, with a good two- story frame residence, all the fruits of his own ability and care. He is giving his daughter a college education. He is a Demo- crat, first voting for Douglas. He is a member of the K. of H. and F. M. B. A. organizations. E. L. Daekow. E. L. Darrow, druggist, was born in Davidson County, Tenn., in 1826, the eldest of nine children of James W. and Marinda (Morris) Darrow, natives of Tennessee, born respectively in 1799 and 1808. The father, of German stock, son of Benjamin Dar- row, a native of Connecticut, served five years in the Revolution, and was an early pioneer of Tennessee. He died in 1865. The mother died about 1868, a member of the Free- Will Baptist Church. Our subject, having but a few months in school, was educated chiefly by his grandfather. In 184:3 he married Elizabeth, daughter of William and Mary Follis, of Robertson County, Tenn. Fom- of their eight children are living : William J., of Tennessee, a soldier three years in the United States* Army; George W. ; Martha, wife of O. P. Gosnell, and Georgian, wife of James Dorris. In 1 863 he located one mile west of Lake Creek, Williamson County, and farmed until 1882, when he began life in town. In 1878 he entered the mercantile business with C. M. Bidwell, in 1882 became sole owner, and is also carrying a stock of drugs, groceries, farming implements, etc. valued at about ^1,500. He served about seven years as magis- 872 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. trate in Tennessee, and about fifteen years as deputy surveyor of Williamson County. He had but $35 when he settled in the county, and has made all he has himself. He owns forty acres of timbered land. Formerly a Democrat, and voting for Cass in 1848, he has since the war been a Kepublican. He is an Odd Fellow, and since 1855 a Mason. His wife is a member of the Free-Will Baptist Church. JosiAH Davis. Josiah Davis, farmer, was born in Lake Creek Township, July 14, 1832, the ninth of ten children of David and Lucy (Hen- drickson) Davis, natives of Tennessee, where they were married about 1828. They soon after located on the farm where our sub- ject was born, and the father died there in 1875, about seventy- one years old, having been a life-long farmer. The mother died about 1882, aged sixty-two years. Both were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church for many years. Our subject received the pioneer training of the wilderness schools, attending but a couple of months in the year. When of age he married Louisa v., daughter of Charles and Zelottie Lewis, of Clinton County, who was born in Kentucky in 1837. Ten of their four- teen children are living: ListonA., Zelottie J. (wife of Archibald Batts), Lucy C. (widow of George Gill), Mary L. (wife of J. Kelley), Josiah, Jennie, Charles F., Ella F., David O. and Sarah G. He soon afterward entered eighty acres of land, on which he has since lived, and which he has improved. He was a Demo- crat, and voted for Pierce, but since the war has been a Repub- lican. He and his wife have been members of the Methodist Episcopal Church for forty years. George W. Davis. George W. Davis, farmer and lumber manufacturer, was born in 1843 in Williamson County, the second of eight children BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 873 (three deceased) of Thomas D. and Mary (Terrell ) Davis, the former of Welsh stock, born in 1814 in Kentucky, and the latter of English origin, born in 1817 in Smith County, Tenn. They were married in Williamson County, where they were reared, and settled at Marion, building the first frame house in that place. He was county clerk, but in 1843 moved to the land he bought in Section 4, Town 10 south, Kange 4 east, and engaged in saw-milling, merchandising and farming, until in November, 1872, when he went to Texas, where, in September, 1873, he died. The mother died in 1858, and the father, by two marriages thereafter had three children by each, one of the first three deceased. Our subject was educated at institutions in Car- bondale, and when sixteen began life for himself, but remained at home until nineteen, when he began teaching, and so contin- ued, with farming, for ten years. In 1872 he married and set- tled on his present farm, and chiefly farmed it until 1882, when he started a steam saw mill also. His wife, Arabella (daughter of Dr. James) and Ann (Crowther) Hayton, was born in 1848 in this county. Their children are Mary A., Ada and Ida (all deceased). He owns 400 acres of land, well improved and culti- vated, which he has obtained from a poor beginning with the aid of an excellent wife. He is a Democrat, first voting for McClel- lan. He is an Odd Fellow, and his wife is a Christian, and in sentiment a Presbyterian. Henky M. Davis. Henry M. Davis, farmer, was born in 1855 in Williamson County, 111., the elder of two children of Oliver and Jane Davis. The father, born in Williamson County in 1832, was married in 1854, and followed farming until he enlisted, in August, 1861, in Company C, Thirty-first Illinois Volunteer Infantry, com- manded by Gen. Logan. He was in the battles of Fort Donel- son, Belmont, Fort McHeury, Vicksburg, Atlanta, Resaca, Dallas 874 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. and Kenesaw Mountain. He was woiinded in the knee at Atlanta by a piece of shell, which caused his death in the hospital at Marietta, Ga., August 4, 1864. The mother, born about 1834 in Tennessee, died in Williamson County June 9, 1859. Our sub- ject was educated in this county, and in 1879 married Amanda C, daughter of Cicero J. and Susan Keaster, born January 15, 1858, in "Williamson County. Their only child is Ira J. He owns sixty acres of good, well improved and cultivated land. In poli- tics he is a Republican, and first voted for Hayes. He is a Methodist, while his wife is a member of the Missionary Baptist Church. B. F. Davis. B. F. Davis, farmer and teacher, was born in 1848 in Will- iamson County, 111., the eldest of four children of Daniel S. and Martha J. (Scobey) Davis. The father, born in Virginia in 1824, was brought to Williamson County when about five years old, and when he became of age bought IGO acres of land, where he lived until about two years before his death. He then sold out, and was in Metropolis, 111., about one year, when he returned to Williamson County, where he died in 1856. The mother, born in 1829 in Tennessee, died in Williamson County, 111., in 1863. Our subject was educated at the Southern Illinois Normal School, at Carbondale, and also at Marion, 111. He has been actively engaged as a teacher ever since 1867, with the exception of five terms, being now one of the foremost teachers of the county. - He is also engaged in farming, and owns fifty- five acres of land, well improved. In 1867 he married Amanda, daughter of John W. and Jerusha J. Erwin, born in Williamson County in 1852. Their children are Lyman E., Ami and Siloni, Politically, he is a Republican, and first voted for Grant in 1872. He is a member of the F. M. B. A. BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 875 A. J. Davis. A. J. Davis, farmer, was bora in 1831 in Williamson County, the second of thirteen children of Oliver and Annie (Baker) Davis. The father, a farmer of Dutch descent, was born about 1815, in Montgomery County, Tenn., and as one of the earliest settlers of Williamson County entered 160 acres of land, after- ward increased to 260 acres, on which he died in December, 1886. The mother, born about 1822 in Montgomery County, Tenn., died on the old homestead in March, 1*885. Our subject was educated in this county, and now has 230 acres of fine land, well improved, one of the best stock farms in the county, in the stock of which, he makes something of a specialty. In 1855 he married Charlotte V., daughter of Samuel and Mary Riggs, born in 1837 in McMinn County, Tenn. She died December 8, 1865. Their children are William T., Alexander H., Stephen A., Louisa J. and Mary V. One is deceased. In 1866 he married Martha J., daughter of William and Mahala Pulley. Their children are George W., Martha J., Anderson G., Eli H., Emily A., Harriet E., Frankie T. and Berry W. In politics he is a Republican, and first voted for Pierce. He is a reliable, public-spirited farmer. Edward L. Denison. Edward L. Denison, M. D., of Marion, was born in Seneca County, N. Y., August 16, 1835, the son of Edward and Eveline (Hitchcock) Denison, natives of Vermont and New York, respect- ively. The father removed to Ohio with his family in IS-l-l, and in 1854 to McHenry County, 111., where he died about ten years ago. Our subject was educated at Marengo, in the semi- nary, and began the study of medicine in 1856. In 1858 he came to southern Illinois, and taught school for four years in Union, Johnson and Williamson Counties. In 1861 he located on a farm in the southern part of the county, still keeping up his medical study. In 1864 he entered Chicago Medical College, 870 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. and graduated in 1866. He then practiced at bis home until November, 1869, when he removed to Marion, and engaged in the drug business and practice of medicine, and met with well deserved success in both. March 31, 1861, he married Marietta, the daughter of Alonzo and Eachael Bentley, and sister of Dr. W. H. Bentley", of this city. Four sons and one daughter are living. The Doctor is a Republican, and was a member of the State Legislature in 1868-69, representing this and Jackson Counties. He is a Mason and a member of the Christian Church. Charles H. Denison. Charles H. Denison, speculator and real estate owner, was l3orn on August 21, 1837, in Seneca County, N. Y., the third of seven children (four deceased) of Edward and Evaline (Hitch- cock) Denison, the father, of Irish stock, born in 1789 in Ver- mont, the mother born in 1808 in Utica, N. Y., of English origin. They married in Utica, and remained near there and in Seneca County until our subject's fourth year, and then until his twelfth lived on a farm in Huron County, Ohio. In 1849 they went to McHenry County, 111., where the father died in 1872. The mother then lived with our subject at Marion until her death in July, 1886. After attending schools in McHenry County, our subject was a teacher for two years, after he was twenty, in that county, then came to Marion and alternated teaching in winter and farming and trading stock in summer until 1872. He had married in 1869 and settled on his farm in Bainbridge, and three years later became circuit clerk, at Marion. After his term expired he and W. H. Bundy, formed the firm of Denison & Bundy, druggists, but two years later he engaged exclusively in stock speculation and real estate. His wife, Mary E., daughter of Dr. S. H. and Mary A, (Smith) Bundy, was born February 8, 1848, in Smith County, Tenn. Thoir children are Leone, Edward E., Lora B. and Samuel B. Our subject, now one of Marion's BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 877 leading financiers, began with nothing and now owns 1,500 acres of land besides tow^u property and loaned money, now living on a suburban tract of sixty acres, w^ell situated. His taxes during the past years were $420. He is president of the County Agri- cultural Society and of the school board. He is an active Dem- ocrat, chairman of the County Central Committee, and first voted for Douglas. Mrs. Denison is a member of the Missionary Bap- tist Church. Thomas Dun away. Thomas Dunaway, merchant at Marion, the son of Samuel Dunaway (deceased, see sketch of him), was born in William- son County, 111., May 16, 1848. He was reared and educated in his native county, and brought up in the mercantile business of his father. In 1876 he engaged in the dry goods business for himself, and has conducted this and the clothing trade ever since. In 1885 he established his present store, and has one of the best selected stocks of fancy and staple goods, notions, hats and shoes in Marion, controlling a large share of the trade in city and county. In 1868 he married Bethena Benson who died leav- ing two daughters. He married his present wdfe, Emma E. Benson, on June 11, 1884, They have one daughter. He is independent in politics but generaly affiliates with the Demo- cratic party. He is a member of the K. of H. and K. & L. of H., and recognized as one of Marion's best business men. Samuel Dunaway. Samuel Dunaway (deceased) was one of Marion's most prom- inent citizens and merchants. He was born in North Carolina in 1809, where his parents died when he was quite young. He ran aAvay from the man to whom he was "bound" in North Carolina, and first located in Union County, 111. He came to this county when a young man, and located at Bainbridge, where he learned the hatter's trade. He w^as one of the first merchants 878 ^ WILLIAMSON COUNTY. of that locality, being in business several years with James T. Goddard, and finally becoming one of the largest land owners in Williamson County. In 1872 he began life in Marion, and engaged in mercantile pursuits until his death, November 28, 1876. He became the husband of Julia Ann Tapley, of this county, who still survives him. Their children are Mrs. Elizabeth Brown, of this county; Mrs. Sarah Snyder, of Carbondale; Samuel W., of Carbondale; Mrs. Mary J. Goodall, of Marion; Mrs. Malvina Robertson, of Marion ; Tliomas and Mrs. Josephine May, both of Marion. He was a Democrat but never aspired to office, and was prominently identified with all the business enterprises of the county and of Marion, a number of whose business blocks he built and owned, besides the brick residence in which his Avidow dwells and other residences. Webster W. Duncan. Webster W. Duncan, judge of Williamson County, was born near Lake Creek, in the same county, January 21, 1857, and is the son of Andrew J. Duncan, whose sketch see elsewhere. Excepting 1858 and 1859 in Carbondale, our subject has always lived in his native county. From six to seventeen he attended closely to common-school studies, and in 1874 entered Ewing College, remained five years, graduating with the degree of A. B., and in 1883 received the degree of A. M. In June, 1881, he began legal study under Judge W. H. Williamson, of Benton, continuing in the summers until 1883 and teaching in Avinters. In the summer of 1884 he read law under Judge G. W. Young. October 13, 1884, he entered the St. Louis Law School and took up the senior studies. He, although licensed at Mount Vernon to practice, February 25, 1885, returned and graduated (LL. B. ) with the highest honors in the class of 1885, being one of four who made the highest grades. He began practice at Marion August 18, 1885, and November 2, 1886, was elected on BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 879 the Republican ticket by a majority of 342 votes to his present office. Judge Duncan has enjoyed an almost unprecedented practice from the start, and, considering his age, he illustrates the fact that vigor and determination will win, and is a good example for Egyptian boys. He is a prominent Mason, and for two years was a representative in the State Grand Lodge. John H. Duncan. John H. Duncan, county superintendent of schools, was born in Marshall County, Ky., June 27, 1858, the son of Samuel and Ruhamah (Frizzell) Duncan, natives of Tennessee. The father came to Illinois in 1864, locating in Franklin County, and a year later came to this county, where he followed farming until his death, which occurred while he was away from home in Johnson County, September 14, 1867. He was politically prominent in Marshall County, Ky., where he held various county offices. The first two years of the war he served as Government spy, and then took command of Company A, Fifteenth Kentucky Cavalry, and served until his enlistment expired. Our subject was reared on the farm and attended Shurtleff College, Madison County, 111., two years. He then began teaching in this county, and after returning from college was principal of the Centerville schools three years. In 1882 he was elected to his present position, run- ning far ahead of his ticket; was re-elected in 1886 by an increased majority, and has served the people faithfully and efficiently ever since. He is a Republican, and has been promi- nently identified with the newspapers of the county. During 1883 he owned an interest in and was editor-in-chief of the Marion Monitor, and in November, 1885, established an educa- tional journal called Our Public Schools, which he conducted one year. In February, 1887, he and others bought the Marion Independent and Monitor and consolidated them, issuing the first on February 24 under the name of the Leader, of which he is 880 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. an editor and part owner. It is the county official organ, and is a Republican paper. August 26, 1883, he married Mary M., daughter of W. J. Spiller, of this county. They have a son and daughter. He is a Mason, an Odd Fellow, and a member of the Christian Church. A. J. Duncan. A. J. Duncan, farmer, merchant and tobacconist, was born in Williamson County in 1831, the third of ten children of William P. and Frances (Spiller) Duncan, natives respectively of Ken- tucky and Tennessee. The father, born in 1806, the son of Henry Duncan, came to what is now Franklin County with his parents when a young man, and about 1826 married and located on Schoharrie Prairie, where he reared his family, and removing to Lake Creek Township died in 1877 a life-long farmer. The mother, born in 1808, came to Illinois with her parents, and died in 1883, Both were esteemed pioneers and members of the Christian Church. Our subject's education and training was good, and in early life he began teaching. When twenty-two he married Matilda Nail. Their only child is Judge Warren W., of Marion. She died in 1857, and in 1858 he married Nancy A., daughter of James T. and Elizabeth Powell. Their children are George W,, Sarah A. (wife of J. N. Poor, of Johnson County), James and William T. (deceased), Perrian W. and Charles L. Except about six months in Carbondale, he has since been a resi- dent of his native county. In 1863 he became a partner with his father-in-law at Lake Creek in the merchandising line, but soon after became sole proprietor, and now carries a stock $3,500 in value, the best of the kind in the place. He also owns three farms, about 300 acres of valuable land, forty acres of which he inherited, with the gift of a horse, all the rest being his own acquirements. He served for several years as township treasurer and as postmaster at Lake Creek. He was a Democrat, first vot- ing for Douglas, but since the war has been a Piepublican. He BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 881 is a prominent Mason and member of the F. M. B. A., and his wife is a member of the Christian Church. J. W. Erwin. J. W. Erwin, farmer, was born in 1829 in Williamson County, the fifth of eight children of Charles and Sarah (Corder) Erwin. The father, a farmer of Irish origin, and born in 1800 in North Carolina, lived in his native State until he became of age, when he moved to Wilson County, Tenn. After his marriage he settled near Harrisburg, and two years later he came to Crab Orchard, where he bought 300 acres of land, on which he lived until his death. Our subject was educated in this county, and has now become the owner of a well-improved and cultivated farm of 180 acres at Crab Orchard, seven miles east of Marion. In 1850 he wedded Jerusha C, daughter of James and Lucinda Parks, and born in this county in 1832. Their children are Amanda, Louis C, Gilbert, Charles M. and Ulysses F. Two are deceased. In 1862 he was elected justice, serving about fifteen years with general satisfaction. Polit- ically he is a Kepublican, and first voted for Pierce. He is a member of the F. & A. M. and the F. M. B. A. William H. Eubanks. William H. Eubanks, merchant, was born in Williamson County, 111., December 13, 1846, the son of Judge W. M. and Margaret (Harris) Eubanks. The maternal grandfather, McGee Harris, a native of Tennessee, became a prominent citi- zen of Williamson County at an early day. He was converted to the Mormon faith, excepting the feature of polygamy, and he and his wife removed to Salt Lake City, where they died. After his father's death in 1854 Mr. J. M. Campbell, of Carbondale, took charge of and educated him at the latter place. Too young to enlist he entered the service of the fleet under Capt. Connor, 882 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. of the ram " Monarch," and remained until the close of the war. He was the deputy county clerk for several years. In 1871 he attended the Northern Illinois Normal at Bloomington for two terms. He was the dejDuty sheriff under Sheriff Zachs Hudgens. In 1873 he was elected county clerk, and having won popularity and the confidence of the people, succeeded him- self in 1877, and, under the new law, for five years. After that he was appointed deputy collector of internal revenue under Col- lector C. W. Pavey, but Democratic interests afterward caused him to vacate on the principle that "to the victor belongs the spoils." He then returned to Marion and bought out the dry goods establishment of J. A. Benson, and as a merchant is as successful as he is wont to be in all that he undertakes. He is a man of business ability, always genial, and has a large and growing trade. April 20, 1873, he married Emma Fellows, of Livingston County, N. Y., a cultured lady. Their daughters are Grace and Bessie. January 30, 1861, he enlisted. Since 1869 he has been an Odd Fellow, and has been in the Grand Lodge three times. He is a Eoyal Arch Mason. Since 1873 he has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Benjamin E. Felts, M. D. Benjamin R. Felts, M. D., Lake Creek, was born in Davidson County, Tenn., in 1842, the eldest of four children of William H. and Martha A. (McClary) Felts. The father, of Ger- man stock, born in Eobertson County, Tenn., in 1814, was the son of James Felts and received at home a common-school educa- tion. He was first married, in 1837, to Ehoda Hunt, and soon after her death, about 1841, married the mother of our subject She was born in North Carolina in 1813 and died in 1855. In the same year he married Mrs. Susan Moaks, by whom he had six children. In 1852 he moved to this county where he died in 1875. He was a volunteer in the Seminole war, and early in BIOGEAPHICAL APPENDIX. 883 life followed the trade of cooper several years. Both were mem- bers of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, but after his removal to Williamson County he was a deacon in the Missionary Baptist Church. Our subject was educated at Car- bondale and at the Polytechnic School at Columbus, Ohio, and in August, 1862, enlisted in Company H, Ninth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, engaging in the battles of Shiloh, Corinth and Salem (Miss.), where he Avas seriously wounded and taken prisoner, con- fined successively at Oxford, Miss., Caliaba, Ala., Anderson, Ga., Charleston and Florence, S. C. He was exchanged after fourteen months, and after a thirty days' furlough was transferred to Second Battalion, One Hundred and Twenty -fourth Veteran Reserve Corps, remaining with them until his discharge in Colum- bus, Ohio, five months. He was hospital steward during this time, and studied medicine, afterward entering the school at Columbus above mentioned. On returning home he entered the school at Marion, and in 186(3, after having attended lectures at the American Eclectic Institute at Cincinnati, he was under Dr. Furgeson's (of Marion) preceptorship. In 1876 he took one course of lectures in the Missouri Medical College, St. Louis, and for several years was a teacher and farmer, but in 1874 he began practice in the vicinity of Lake Creek, in which town, since 1879, he has built up his present fine practice as one of the leaders in his profession in the county, and as an ably edu- cated man. He was elected justice in 1875 serving three years, and since 1886 county commissioner also being a member of the school board. In 1866 he married Nancy, daughter of Hill- iard and Barbara Everett, and a native of Robertson County, Tenn. Seven of nine children are living: Rosa A., William T., Cora M., Benjamin L., George W., Harvey A. and Bessie. He is a Republican, first voting for Grant. He is a member of the F. & A. M., G. A. R. and I. O. O. F. organizations. 884 williamson county. Leander Ferrell. Leander Ferrell, a prominent farmer, was born in William- son County, 111., November 22, 1840, the eldest of seven children (one deceased) of George and Laura M. (Walker) Ferrell. Edu- cated at the home schools our subject, when eighteen, married and settled on a part of the old homestead. In 1866 he sold and moved to Harrison County, Tex., and in March, 1867, again reached Marion, 111., and after trading farms and moving he finally, in November, 1881, located on the farm he purchased in Saline Precinct, where he still lives. His wife, Mary E., daughter of John and Mary E. (Arnold) Wright, was born in Williamson County October 24, 1844. Their children are George D., Salina C. (wife of A. J. Bryan), Henrietta F, (wife of J. Henshaw), Jenny L., James Ozias. Sarah M., Martha A., Andrew J., Francis M., Leander and Grover C. Two also are deceased, both boys. He now owns 160 acres which, through his skill and care, has become one of the best farms in the eastern part of the county. He has always been an active Democrat, and, unsolicited, he was elected justice in 1874, and resigned about one year later. He first voted for McClellan. His wife is a member of the Mission- ary Baptist Church. Levi Ferrell. Levi Ferrell, farmer, was born August 28, 1846, in William- son County, the third of seven children (one deceased) of George and Laura (Waller) Ferrell. The father, born in 1816 in Smith County, Tenn., and the mother in Franklin County in 1822, both of Irish stock, were married in the latter county in 1840. They soon settled in Section 18, Township 10 south. Range 4 east, where our subject still lives. He cleared the land and cultivated it until his death in 1856, and the mother is still living with our subject, who, thrown on his ov/n resources with a common-school education, at fifteen, took care of himself, mother, and sisters. From eighteen to twenty years of age he bought out the heirs and now owns it BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 885 all. In October, 1868, he married Josie, daughter of Addison and Lavina (Hobbs) Violet, who was born September 5, 1846. Kobert A., Laura, Nolle, Albert, Gilbert and Fannie are the chil- dren. He has one of the best 320-acre farms in the county, 250 acres of which are in a high state of cultivation. He is an esteemed man, and in 1882 was elected county treasurer, serving four years. He is a Democrat, and first voted for Seymour. He, his wife, and eldest daughter are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Dr. Jesse J. Fly. Dr. Jesse J. Fly was born in Wayne County, 111., near Mount Erie, in 1846, the second of eight children of M. Perry and Sarah (Asa) Fly. The father, born in Davidson County, Tenn., in 1824, of English stock, is a son of Jesse Fly, a native of the same county, born about 1790, and was there reared and married, com- ing to Wayne County, 111., about 1826, and afterward to Union County, where he died about 1874. He was a farmer, cabinet- maker, and for many years a minister of the Christian Church. He was a volunteer in the war of 1812, in the battle of New Orleans under Gen. Jackson. Jesse, Sr., was one of three brothers who immigrated to the United States and settled in early days on Texas and Tennessee lands, and are supposed to be the origin of all who bore the name in the United States. The father came to Wayne County when two years old, when twenty was married, in 1848 moved to Jackson County, and in 1854 to this county, his present home. He was a volunteer in Com- pany E, Eighty-first Illinois, was taken sick, and in six months discharged, in the Avinter of 1862-63. The mother, a Hoosier^ born in 1822, is still living, a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and both happy esteemed people. Our subject is largely a self-educated man. His school facilities were limited to a short winter term, often conducted by incompetent teachers, and ta avail himself of its benefits was compelled to traverse a blazed 886 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. pathway through the wild forest two and a half miles, the stillness of which was broken only by his own footsteps and the denizens of the wood. His long vacations were employed on the farm, where in conjunction Avith his father, he contributed largely to the support of the family. But, being of a literary turn of mind, and anxious to accomplish all in that direction that was possible under the circumstances, often a book might be found at each end of the long furrows he plowed, that he might make use of every spare moment, and when complication arose in the progress of his studies, he would go of nights and Sundays to a friend living half a dozen miles away for a solution of the difficulties. In this way, during his bits of leisure, he mastered several branches without a teacher, and for several years taught school. October 3, 1867, he married Emmaranda, daughter of Elijah and Nancy Mcintosh, born in 1848 in this county.. Six of eight children are living: Nettie, Carrie, Bertie, Ethel, Eva and Ralph Emmerson. He began the study of medicine soon after; in 1870-71 entered Miami Medical College, Cincinnati, and in 1878 graduated from the Nashville (Tenn.) Medical College. Since 1871 he has practiced in the county, and since 187-1 on his present farm, and has attained high rank as a physician. He owns seventy acres of well -improved and cultivated land near Pulley's Mills, where for several years he was postmaster. When but seventeen he enlisted in Company F, One Hundred and Forty-fifth Illinois, in the 100 days' recruits, and was in active service from his enlistment. He is a public-spirited man and a Republican, first voting for Grant. He was for several years presiding officer in the Gore- ville (111.) Masonic Lodge, and is a member of the F. M. B. A., and a friend of all church organizations. E. Peter Follis. E. Peter Follis, a prominent farmer and stock raiser, was born in Robertson County, Tenn., in 1813, the eldest of seven BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 887 children of William and Mary (Green) Follis, natives of Vir- ginia and Nortli Carolina respectively. The grandfather, Peter, was a native of Virginia, and his father was born in England. William went to Allen County, Ky., with his parents, and when a young man to Robertson County, Tenn., where he was married and spent the rest of his life as a farmer. He died in 1835, and the mother about twenty years later. Both were Methodists. Our subject received but little education because of their pov- erty at home, and in 1834 he married Malinda, daughter of Nathan and Elizabeth Bennett, born in Davidson County, Tenn., in 1813. Seven of nine children are living: William; James, of Franklin County ; George ; Richard F, ; Rlioda, wife of D. Barham; Marion, and Jackson J., all born in Robertson County, Tenn., where he remained until 1863. He then went to Franklin County, and after two years on Six Mile Prairie, came to this county, rented laud on Schoharrie Prairie several years, and purchased forty-eight acres, which he has swelled to over 1,000 acres, making him one of the most extensive land owners in the county. He was one of the leading wealthy citizens of his native county, all gained from a poor begin- ning by his own efforts, but the wreckage of war times left him almost a beginner again. He was formerly a Whig, and voted for Hugh L. White in 1836, but since their dissolution he has been a Republican. He is a Mason, and a member of the F. M. B. A. James M. Fowler. James M. Fowler, M. D. and farmer, was born in Lake Creek Township in 1848, the sixth of eight children of Rev. Dr. James M. Sr., and Sarah (McHaney) Fowler. The father, born in North Carolina in 1811, was the son of John Fowler, a native of Mary- laud, and of English stock. His wife was a Dorsey. Samuel, the great-grandfather, served from his fourteenth year, seven years in the Revolution, and afterward, seven years in the 888 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. United States Navy. His wife was a Sedgwick. James M., Sr., was reared from a child in Knox County, Tenn., and when eighteen, married, and about 1838 located in what is now Lake Creek Township, Williamson County, and spent his life as a farmer, minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church for many years, and a leading physician of the county. He died in 1874 and in 1885 the mother followed him. She was a few years her husband's senior, a native of Virginia, and member of his church. Our subject was reared at home, and educated at Ewing College. When sixteen he enlisted in Company E, Sixtieth Illinois Infantry, and started with Sherman on his famous march, but was taken sick at Dallas, Ga., June, 1864, and did not recover in time to regain the ranks, but was not discharged until a year later. He returned, attended school, and also taught several terms. In 1874 he married Sidney, daughter of Jesse and Martha Hendrickson, born in this county in 1853. Their children are Olive G., Lorin L., Sid- ney M., Stella C, Bernice (deceased), Altha A., John A. L. and James L. In 1875 he entered the Missouri Medical Col- lege, St. Louis, and took two courses, and during the vacation began practice at Crab Orchard, with Dr. M. M. McDonald, but since the second course he has built his present large practice at his farm home, ranking high in his profession. He owns 330 acres of highly improved land, all the result of his own ability. From 1874 he served two years as coroner, from 1877 to 1882 as county superintendent of schools, and represented his four counties in the memorable session of the Lower House, which elected Gen. Logan to his last term as United States Senator. His practice has been most successful. He is a Republican, first voting for Grant. He is a member of the F. & A. M., I. O. O. F., G. A. R., and F. M. B. A. organizations, and he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. biographical appendix. 889 Leroy a. Goddard. Leroy A. Goddard, member of the Democratic State Central Committee in 1885-86, was boru June 22, 1854, in Marion, 111., one of seven children — four sons and three daughters, two sons and two daughters now living — of James T. and Winefred (Spiller) Goddard, natives, respectively, of Virginia and Tennessee. The father locatednear Marion, with his parents, in 1832, and died Octo- ber 29, 1886, one of the most successful merchants of the county. The mother died in April, 1855, and the father married Winefred Grain, who died in 1866. Our subject was educated in the com- mon schools and one year in the Illinois State Normal, near Bloomington. When twenty-one, he began in the firm of Hall & Goddard, merchants. Mr. Hall sold to J. B. Bainbridge, and Bainbridge & Goddard continued until the latter withdrew to engage in banking. January 1, 1879, he bought a quarter inter- est in the banking firm of Evans, Pace & Co., established the year before in Marion, and a year later assumed a half interest with A. M. Pace as partner. In March, 1882, he assumed entire con- trol under the title The Exchange Bank, a bank now solidly established. Mi*. Goddard was the first secretary of the Bankers' Association of Illinois. He is a prominent member of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church. For five years he has served as secre- tary, and two years as vice-president, of the county agricultural association, and has been Senior Grand Deacon in the Illinois Grand Lodge, E. & A. M., five years. He is a Knight Templar also an Odd Fellow. When of age he was made city treasurer of Marion, two years later, mayor for two terms, and again elected to the former office. The Democratic party nominated him State senator in the late election against Hon. Daniel Hogan, and though the Republican majority was 1,687 on the general ticket, his defeat was only a plurality of 690. He is one of the most promising young public men in southern Illinois. He represents several standard fire insurance companies, doing a large business 890 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. in Marion, and is a director in the New Home Life Association, of Nashville, 111., also president of the Marion Building and Loan Association, being one of its incorporators and first president. GooDALL & Tippy. Goodall & Tippy, dealers in general merchandise, Marion, consist of Joab Goodall and O. S. Tippy. The business was established by John Goodall and M. C. Campbell in 1858, and continued under the firm name of Goodall & Campbell until 1874, when S. W. Dunaway became a partner. In 1876 Z. Hudgens bought the business and conducted it until June, 1885, when the present firm took possession, and has since a large and success- ful business. They carry a full and select line of general dry goods, hats, shoes, notions, queensware, hardware and groceries. They also engage extensively in buying and shipping tobacco, handling about 1,000 hogsheads per year. Frank M. Goodall. Frank M. Goodall, of Marion, 111., was born in Williamson County, November 5, 1839, the son of Joab Goodall, whose sketch see elsewhere. Here he was reared and educated, and in 1863 began mercantile life as a member of the firm of J. & F. M. Goodall. Four years later he conducted the flouring-mills on West Street, and four years still later he built the woolen- mills here, which he operated until he sold both, in 1871. In 1873 he erected the Goodall Hotel (now the Simmons House), which he still owns. It is the only first-class hotel in Marion, a two-story building (50x75 feet) above the basement. The corner room is used for a store. He has been considerably engaged in buying and shipping stock extensively, but of late years has abandoned the business. In 1862 he married Mary J. Dunaway, a daughter of Samuel Dunaway. One daughter, Anna, is living, the wife of J. M. Borton, of St. Louis, Mo. Mr. BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 891 Goodall is a Mason, and in politics a Republican. He is a mem- ber of the Christian Church. John Goodall. John Goodall, of Marion, was born in Wilson County, Tenn., May 16, 1821, the son of Joab and Nancy (Palmer) Goodall, natives, respectively, of Virginia and Tennessee. The father came to this State and county (then Franklin) in 1828, and located two miles southeast of Marion, where he resided until his death. He was a successful and well-to-do farmer, and for several years was a member of the county court. He was a Jacksonian Democrat, and the first citizen of the county who belonged to the Christian Church. He died in October, 1815, Our subject was reared on the farm, and secured a common- school education. In 1818 he began mercantile life in Marion, and has remained in it almost continuously ever since. Since 1858 he has also been associated with Mr. Campbell in stock dealing, the firm owning a fine stock farm of 700 acres adjoining Marion on the north. He has also been in the tobacco business since 1853, one of the largest dealers in this county. In 1856 he married Sarah A. (Scates) Thorn, a native of Virginia. They have three sons and one daughter. He is a conservative Dem- ocrat, and for two years, from 1819 to 1851, he was sheriff. He is a Mason, and he and his wife are members of the Chris- tian Church. John J. Graham, M. D. John J. Graham, M. D., and licensed pharmacist, was born April 16, 1811, at Hanover, Ind., the eldest of five children (one deceased) of James H. and Mary (Thomas) Graham, the former born in 1808 in Pennsylvania, of Scotch-Irish stock, and the lat- ter of English origin, born in 1811 in Jefferson County, Ind., where they were married when the father was twenty one. The father milled there until our subject's sixth year, from then 892 WILLIAMSON COUNTY. until 1862 they lived in Lauderdale County, Teun. Then they returned and bought the old home farm of our subject's birth, where the father died in 1869, from broken health caused by his milling and farming in Tennessee. He was justice after he returned to Madison, until within three years of his death, when he resigned on account of ill health. The mother soon began liv- ing with her children in Indiana, Kansas. Arkansas and Creal Springs, where she is still living in a home purchased there. Our subject was educated at Beach Grove Academy, Lauderdale County, Tenn. ; in 1861 enlisted in Company G, Fourth Tennessee Infantry (Confederate Army), and in October, 1863, was captured at Tullahoma, and paroled soon after. He then roamed about in Arkansas, Missouri, Tennessee, and in October, 1864, settled in Indiana, where he taught and farmed until 1868. He moved to Williamson County. In 1865 he married Terilda, daughter of Henry Taylor, a native of Switzerland County, Ind. He settled on Herrin's Prairie, and alternated teaching and farming until the fall of 1872, when he came to Marion. His wife died in January, 1873, after having given birth to Alta M. and Blanch, both deceased, He began studying medicine under Dr. Lodge, continuing until the spring of 1874, when he began the practice of medicine and the drug business, and in July he married Mary A. Wells, born in 1851 in Perry County, and reared, an orphan, by Pev. John A. Rodman. Their children are Eva, James H. (deceased) and Mabel. In the spring of 1878 he graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Keokuk. He then resumed farming and practice at Sulphur Springs, and in 1880 moved to Carterville, bought a drug store, and practiced also. In 1882 he moved to Creal Springs, began building, and in 1884 moved to his present farm in Section 24. He has succeeded in all his enterprises, and he now owns a good farm of 120 acres mostly cleared and improved. He is a Democrat, and first voted for Seymour. He is an Odd Fellow, a member BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX. 893 of the F. M. B. A., and his wife is a member of the Mission- ary Baptist Church. Isaac Hammer. Isaac Hammer, merchant, was born in Prussia in 1844, the son of Joseph and Pauline Hammer, natives of the same country, and born respectively in 1780 and 1812. The father was a stoci dealer, and died in his native country in 1861, the mother came to this country in 1875, and died in St. Louis, in September, 1885. Isaac, the third of eight children, attended school in his native country. In 1859 he came to America, landed at Chester, 111., and began peddling medicine. In the spring of 1861 he went to Tiptonville, Tenn. In the excitement o£ impending war at that place he was robbed of all his possessions; he then boarded a boat for St. Louis, Mo., and there "enlisted in the Third Missouri Volunteer Infantry under Capt. Menman, under the three months' call, and fought at Camp Jackson, Carthage and Wilson Creek. At the end of three months he re-enlisted in the Third Mis- souri Cavalry, Volunteer Freemans Huzzars, which was after- ward merged in the Fourth Missouri. He was a member of Com- pany F, and fought at Elkhorn, Mo., Vicksburg, luka, Lookout Mountain, Dalton, to Atlanta. In the autumn of 1864 he was dis- charged at St. Louis, Mo. ; he then resumed selling goods, but soon located at Memphis, Tenn. In 1870 he went with his brother-in-law, Sam Desberger, to Murphysboro, 111. ; in 1876 went to California; in 1877 to Colorado, locating at Leadville; in 1879 he returned to Murphysboro and opened a store at Cample Hill. 111., and in 1881 he removed to Carterville, 111., where he opened his present general store. In 1883 he married Cornilia, daugh- ter of John and Martha Brown, born in this country, his chil- dren are Joseph J. and Max Hammer. He is one of the leading merchants of Carterville; is a Democrat and always was. He is an Odd Fellow and belongs to Carterville Lodore. No. 703. 894 williamson county. David E. Harrison. David R. Harrison, farmer and merchant, born in Herrin's Prairie, October 15, 1834, the elder of two chiklren (his sister being Mrs. Louisa M. Williams) of George H. and Delila (Herriu) Harrison. The father, born in Wilson County, Tenn., January 11, 1803, was of English lineage, the son of Joshua Harrison a native of Virginia, an old soldier of the Revolution and pioneer of Wilson County, Tenn., where he died in 1824. George Harrison was fairly educated in his native county, and when a young man came to this county where he was married in 1833, locating five miles south of Marion at his previously erected water mill. He soon returned to Herrin's Prairie, as farmer and carpenter, and in 1847, on removing to Marion to engage as mer- chant, he died the next year before his purpose was consummated, an esteemed and influential man of wealth, and a pioneer of the county. He served as justice before his death, and was a soldier of the Black-Hawk war. The mother, born in Hopkins County, Ky., February 2, 1815, is still living with our subject whom she reared and educated in the home schools, besides which was added a year at Shurtleff College at Upper Alton. In 1861, January 10, our subject married Julia A., daughter of Matthew and Esther Walker, formerly of Robertson County, Tenn., born near Hurricane Church, this county, October 17, 1836. George H., Anna B., Albert M. and Lou Ella are the children. She died July 9, 1874, as she lived, an exemplary Christian lady, and No- vember 18, 1879, he married Mrs. Elizabeth H. Backus, nee Fel- lows, born March 28, 1839, in New York, and has since lived on the old home farm to which he was brought when two years old. He owns about 1,900 acres of land in this county, and a tract in Orange Grove, Fla., nearly all of which is the result of his ability as a financier, now among the largest land holders of the county. Farming and stock raising has chiefly occupied his attention, but since 1858 he has been merchandising BIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX, 895 there in the neighborhood, first with an uncle, Oliver Herrin, two years, then with a brother-in-law, W. J. Pope, two years, and since alone. For several years also he, A. J. Herrin and W. J. Pope, ran a flouring-mill. He has been notary public for twelve years, and postmaster of Herrin's Prairie postoffice since 1864. He is a prominent man of the county and his children are receiv- ing a business and collegiate education. He is a Democrat, and first voted for Buchanan. He has been a Mason since 18(jO, and since fifteen years old, a member of the Missionary Baptist Church. He is president of the County Sunday-school Associa- tion, and one of the work's most able supporters, and has been clerk of the Herrin's Prairie Church since its organization in 1865. His entire family, excepting the eldest son, are members of the same church, as was his first wife. Dr. James Hayton, M. D. Dr. James Hayton, M. D., physician and surgeon, was born in Yorkshire, England, December 16, 1815, the son of Eobert and Ann (Bean) Hayton, natives of England. The mother died in May, 1859, at the age of seventy-five years, and in the fol- lowing July the father died at the age of seventy-six years. Of eight children who lived to be grown, our subject, the fourth, was educated in his native country at the grammar school near Huddersfield, superintended by Kev. John Coates. When eighteen he began the study of medicine, and for three years studied vmder Dr. Andrew Morrison, of Huddersfield. January 10, 1841, he married, in England, Miss Elizabeth Crow- ther, born in 1823. In the fall of 1841 he immigrated to the United States via New Orleans, and settled on Grassy Creek, Williamson Co., HI. In September, 1843, his wife died, leaving an only child, Alfred, now residing at Carterville, said county. In the fall